CN117674595A - DC-DC converter self-adaptive control method and device based on artificial intelligence - Google Patents
DC-DC converter self-adaptive control method and device based on artificial intelligence Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a direct current-direct current converter self-adaptive control method and device based on artificial intelligence, comprising the following steps: collecting a voltage value and a current value output by a direct current-direct current converter in a current period; determining a working condition quantity corresponding to the direct current-direct current converter according to the voltage value and the current value, wherein the working condition quantity is used for representing the current working state of the direct current-direct current converter; determining target control parameters according to the working condition quantity; and controlling the DC-DC converter according to the target control parameter so that the DC-DC converter stably outputs the voltage. According to the scheme, the voltage value and the current value output by the direct current-direct current converter are collected in a fixed period, the working condition quantity corresponding to the current direct current-direct current converter is determined, the current working state of the direct current-direct current converter is further determined, and the control parameters of the controller are adjusted according to the working state corresponding to the direct current-direct current converter, so that the direct current-direct current converter always keeps optimal working performance in all working states.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of automation, in particular to a direct current-direct current converter self-adaptive control method and device based on artificial intelligence.
Background
A direct current-direct current converter (DC-DC converter) can convert a direct current input voltage level to another required direct current voltage level, and is widely used in various electronic devices such as rockets, airplanes, car-to-cell phones, calculators, remote controllers, and the like.
In practical applications, when the DC-DC converter is operated in an open loop state, the output voltage is often unstable for a long period of time, and a steady-state error and robustness are caused. A PID controller may be generally used to control the DC-DC converter to avoid long-term instability, steady-state errors, and robustness problems of the output voltage of the DC-DC converter.
However, since the PID controller is a linear controller, when the load resistance in the DC-DC converter changes, the DC-DC converter cannot be controlled to maintain the optimal operation performance based on the control parameters corresponding to the PID controller.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the embodiments of the present invention provide an artificial intelligence-based adaptive control method and apparatus for a dc-dc converter, which are used for adaptively controlling the dc-dc converter, so that the dc-dc converter maintains optimal operation performance in various operating states.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an artificial intelligence-based adaptive control method for a dc-dc converter, which is applied to a controller, where the controller is configured to control the dc-dc converter, and includes:
collecting a voltage value and a current value output by a direct current-direct current converter in a current period;
determining a working condition quantity corresponding to the direct current-direct current converter according to the voltage value and the current value, wherein the working condition quantity is used for representing the current working state of the direct current-direct current converter;
determining a target control parameter according to the working condition quantity;
and controlling the DC-DC converter according to the target control parameter so as to enable the DC-DC converter to stably output voltage.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an artificial intelligence-based adaptive control device for a dc-dc converter, located in a controller, where the device includes:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the voltage value and the current value output by the direct current-direct current converter in the current period;
the first determining module is used for determining a working condition quantity corresponding to the direct current-direct current converter according to the voltage value and the current value, wherein the working condition quantity is used for representing the current working state of the direct current-direct current converter;
The second determining module is used for determining target control parameters according to the working condition quantity;
and the control module is used for controlling the direct current-direct current converter according to the target control parameter so as to enable the direct current-direct current converter to stably output voltage.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, including: a memory and a processor; a memory for storing a computer program; and the processor is coupled with the memory and used for executing the computer program to realize each step in the direct current-direct current converter self-adaptive control method based on artificial intelligence.
In a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present invention further provide a computer readable storage medium storing a computer program, where the computer program when executed by a processor causes the processor to implement steps in the artificial intelligence based adaptive control method for a dc-dc converter provided by the embodiments of the present invention.
The control scheme of the DC-DC converter provided by the embodiment of the invention can be applied to a controller, and the DC-DC converter is controlled by the controller. Specifically, when the direct current-direct current converter is controlled, firstly, the voltage value and the current value output by the direct current-direct current converter in the current period are collected, and the working condition quantity corresponding to the direct current-direct current converter is determined according to the voltage value and the current value. The working condition quantity is used for representing the current working state of the direct current-direct current converter. And then, determining a target control parameter of the controller according to the current corresponding working condition quantity of the DC-DC converter, and controlling the DC-DC converter based on the target control parameter so as to enable the DC-DC converter to stably output voltage.
In the above scheme, the voltage value and the current value output by the direct current-direct current converter are periodically collected, so that the working condition quantity corresponding to the current direct current-direct current converter is determined, the current working state of the direct current-direct current converter is further determined, the control parameters corresponding to the controller are adjusted according to the working state corresponding to the direct current-direct current converter, and the direct current-direct current converter is controlled based on the adjusted target control parameters, so that the direct current-direct current converter always maintains the optimal working performance in each working state.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an adaptive control method of a dc-dc converter based on artificial intelligence according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of determining a target control parameter according to a working condition amount corresponding to a DC-DC converter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an application of a network function for determining a working condition corresponding to a working condition amount according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an application of optimal control parameters corresponding to a PID controller using a genetic algorithm according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an application of determining a Pade approximation pending coefficient according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of controlling the DC-DC converter according to a target control parameter to stabilize the output voltage of the DC-DC converter according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a numerical model corresponding to a step-down dc-dc converter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a dc-dc converter control device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The terminology used in the embodiments of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in this application and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the "plurality" generally includes at least two, but does not exclude the case of at least one.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a product or system that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such product or system. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a commodity or system comprising such elements.
Dc-dc converters are widely used in a variety of electronic devices, such as rockets, airplanes, car-to-cell phones, calculators, remote controls, and the like. In practical applications, if the dc-dc converter is operated in an open loop state, the output will be unstable and the voltage will be poorly regulated. The dc-dc converter may be controlled by employing a closed loop control method so that the dc-dc converter may obtain optimal transient and steady state responses.
In the conventional control method of the dc-dc converter, a PID controller is generally used to control the dc-dc converter, however, due to the nonlinearity of the dc-dc converter and the variable characteristics of the load resistance caused by the inherent switching characteristics of the dc-dc converter, when the load resistance changes, the original controller parameters cannot enable the dc-dc converter to maintain the optimal operation performance.
In order to solve the technical problems, the embodiment of the invention provides a novel direct current-direct current converter self-adaptive control method based on artificial intelligence, which is characterized in that the current working state of the direct current-direct current converter is determined by monitoring the output voltage and current of the direct current-direct current converter, the current working state of the direct current-direct current converter is used as working condition quantity to determine the optimal target control parameter in the current state, the current control parameter is adjusted to the optimal target control parameter, and the optimal target control parameter is substituted into a controller to control the direct current-direct current converter, so that the direct current-direct current converter can maintain the optimal working performance in all working states.
Some embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the case where there is no conflict between the embodiments, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an adaptive control method of a dc-dc converter based on artificial intelligence according to an embodiment of the present invention; referring to fig. 1, the method may be performed by a dc-dc converter control device, and it is understood that the control device may be implemented as software, or a combination of software and hardware, and the device may be applied to a controller to control the dc-dc converter through the controller. Specifically, the adaptive control method of the direct current-direct current converter based on artificial intelligence can comprise the following steps:
101. and collecting the voltage value and the current value output by the direct current-direct current converter in the current period.
102. And determining the working condition quantity corresponding to the direct current-direct current converter according to the voltage value and the current value, wherein the working condition quantity is used for representing the current working state of the direct current-direct current converter.
103. And determining a target control parameter according to the working condition quantity.
104. And controlling the DC-DC converter according to the target control parameter so that the DC-DC converter stably outputs the voltage.
The dc-dc converter control scheme provided by the embodiment of the present invention may be used to control various dc-dc converters, for example, a buck dc-dc converter, a boost dc-dc converter, etc., and in the embodiment of the present invention, the type of the dc-dc converter is not limited.
Because the PID controller is a linear controller, the control parameters corresponding to the PID controller are fixed and cannot be changed along with the change of the load resistance in the DC-DC converter, when the load resistance value in the DC-DC converter is changed, the DC-DC converter is controlled based on the control parameters currently corresponding to the PID controller, and the DC-DC converter cannot maintain the optimal working performance.
In order to enable the DC-DC converter to maintain the optimal working performance under each working state, the voltage value and the current value output by the DC-DC converter can be periodically collected according to a fixed period, so that the control parameters corresponding to the controller are dynamically adjusted according to the voltage value and the current value, then the DC-DC converter is controlled based on the adjusted target control parameters, and the target control parameters corresponding to the controller are dynamically adjusted along with the working state of the DC-DC converter, so that the DC-DC converter always maintains the optimal working performance. The controller may be a PID controller, a variation of a PID controller, an ADRC controller, or the like.
Specifically, when the dc-dc converter is controlled, the voltage value and the current value output by the dc-dc converter in the current period may be collected first. And then, determining the working condition quantity corresponding to the direct current-direct current converter according to the voltage value and the current value. The working condition quantity is used for representing the current working state of the direct current-direct current converter. In addition, the working condition quantity can be used as the working condition variable of the direct current-direct current converter, and the target control parameter corresponding to the controller is adjusted according to the industrial control variable, so that the direct current-direct current converter can always maintain stable output voltage under various working conditions, and the best working performance is provided.
The method comprises the steps of establishing a numerical model of a direct current-direct current converter during offline design, calculating a state equation of an obtained circuit by using a computer carrying MATLAB on the numerical model, and obtaining a voltage value and a current value output by the direct current-direct current converter according to the state equation. When the digital pulse width modulation device is in actual use on the line, the digital pulse width modulation device can be directly used in an FPGA digital controller, the voltage value and/or the current value output by the DC-DC converter are collected through the analog-to-digital converter, and the digital pulse width modulation signal is controlled through the operation of the digital controller.
In practical application, the load resistance in the dc-dc converter may change at any time, so that the control parameters corresponding to the controller need to be adjusted at any time, so that the dc-dc converter always maintains the best working performance, and then in order to better understand the current working state of the dc-dc converter in time, an acquisition period may be preset, and according to the preset acquisition period, the voltage value and the current value output by the dc-dc converter are acquired. For example, the preset collection period may be 10ms, 20ms, 40ms, etc., which may be specifically set according to actual requirements, or may collect the voltage value and the current value output by the dc-dc converter for the dc-dc converter according to the control period.
After the voltage value and the current value output by the direct current-direct current converter are obtained, the working condition quantity corresponding to the direct current-direct current converter can be determined according to the voltage value and the current value. The resistance value corresponding to the load resistor in the dc-dc converter may be used as the working condition amount, or the power value corresponding to the load resistor may be used as the working condition amount, which is set according to the actual requirement.
The specific implementation manner of determining the working condition quantity corresponding to the direct current-direct current converter according to the voltage value and the current value may be as follows: according to the voltage value and the current value, determining a resistance value corresponding to a load resistor in the direct current-direct current converter, and determining the resistance value as a working condition quantity corresponding to the direct current-direct current converter; or determining a power value corresponding to the load resistor in the direct current-direct current converter according to the voltage value and the current value, and determining the power value as a working condition quantity corresponding to the direct current-direct current converter.
In practical applications, for example, assume that the voltage value output by the DC-DC converter isThe current value is +.>Then by the formula->Thereby equivalently calculating the load resistance of the DC-DC converter>Resistance value of (2).
After the working condition quantity corresponding to the direct current-direct current converter is obtained, determining the target control parameter according to the working condition quantity. The target control parameter refers to a better control parameter corresponding to the controller in the current state. The specific content of the target control parameter may be determined according to the type of the controller, for example, the controller is a PID controller, and then the target control parameter may include a proportional coefficient, an integral coefficient, and a derivative coefficient.
In order to enable the DC-DC converter to maintain steady state and transient state performance in a large working range, a mapping relation between the working condition quantity of the DC-DC converter and the control parameters of the controller can be determined, and then the target control parameters corresponding to the controller are determined according to the mapping relation, so that better control parameters can be obtained accurately according to the working condition quantity corresponding to the DC-DC converter, and therefore the DC-DC converter can be effectively ensured to maintain steady state and transient state performance in the large working range.
Specifically, in an alternative embodiment, a working condition network function corresponding to the working condition amount may be determined first, where the working condition network function is used to describe a mapping relationship between the working condition amount of the dc-dc converter and a control parameter of the controller. And then, determining target control parameters according to the working condition quantity and the working condition network function. The method comprises the steps of setting control parameters corresponding to a controller by using an absolute value integral ITAE of an error as a performance index through a genetic algorithm, determining optimal target control parameters corresponding to the controller when load resistors in a direct current-direct current converter are at different resistance values, determining control parameter tracks based on target control parameters under different load resistors through an interpolation method, and determining a working condition network function corresponding to working condition quantities according to the control parameter tracks.
After determining the optimal target control parameters corresponding to the current working state of the DC-DC converter, controlling the DC-DC converter according to the target control parameters so as to enable the DC-DC converter to stably output voltage. In specific implementation, the target control parameter can be directly substituted into the controller, the control quantity at the next moment is determined based on the output error corresponding to the direct current-direct current converter in the current state and the target control parameter corresponding to the controller, and the direct current-direct current converter is controlled based on the control quantity. The output error refers to the difference between the actual output voltage value of the dc-dc converter and the set reference voltage value.
In the embodiment of the invention, the voltage value and the current value output by the direct current-direct current converter are periodically collected, the working condition quantity corresponding to the current direct current-direct current converter is determined, the current working state of the direct current-direct current converter is further determined, the control parameters corresponding to the controller are adjusted according to the working state corresponding to the direct current-direct current converter, and the direct current-direct current converter is controlled based on the adjusted target control parameters, so that the direct current-direct current converter always maintains the optimal working performance in each working state.
In the above embodiment, a specific implementation process of controlling the dc-dc converter by using the controller is described, and in order to facilitate determining a specific implementation process of the target control parameter according to the working condition amount corresponding to the dc-dc converter in the above embodiment, an exemplary implementation process is described with reference to fig. 2.
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of determining a target control parameter according to a working condition amount corresponding to a DC-DC converter according to an embodiment of the present invention; referring to fig. 2, a resistance value corresponding to a load resistor in the dc-dc converter may be used as a working condition quantity corresponding to the dc-dc converter, and specifically, the method may include the following steps:
201. and determining a working condition network function corresponding to the working condition quantity, wherein the working condition network function is used for describing the mapping relation between the working condition quantity of the direct current-direct current converter and the control parameter of the controller.
202. And determining target control parameters according to the working condition quantity and the working condition network function.
In the embodiment of the invention, when the target control parameter is determined according to the working condition quantity corresponding to the direct current-direct current converter, the working condition network function corresponding to the working condition quantity can be determined first. And then, determining target control parameters according to the working condition quantity and the working condition network function. The working condition network function is used for describing the mapping relation between the working condition quantity of the direct current-direct current converter and the control parameter of the controller.
The working condition network function corresponding to the working condition quantity can be obtained through a test or an off-line modeling simulation mode. Specifically, a genetic algorithm is utilized, an absolute value integral ITAE of an error is used as a performance index, control parameters corresponding to a controller are set, so that optimal target control parameters corresponding to the controller are determined when load resistors in the DC-DC converter are at different resistance values, then a control parameter track is determined according to target control parameters of the load resistors in the DC-DC converter at different resistance values by an interpolation method, and a working condition network function corresponding to working condition quantities is determined according to the control parameter track.
Specifically, in an alternative embodiment, the implementation process of determining the operating mode network function corresponding to the operating mode quantity may include: acquiring a preset resistance value corresponding to a load resistance in the DC-DC converter; based on a genetic algorithm, setting control parameters corresponding to the controller to obtain optimal control parameters corresponding to the controller when a resistance value corresponding to a load resistor in the DC-DC converter is a preset resistance value; determining a mapping relation between a resistance value corresponding to the load resistor and a control parameter corresponding to the controller according to a preset resistance value and an optimal control parameter; determining a Pade approximation formula of a control parameter corresponding to the controller, wherein the Pade approximation formula is a nonlinear function with a numerator and a denominator being second-order; determining a plurality of Pade approximation undetermined coefficients in the Pade approximation formula according to the mapping relation; and determining a working condition network function corresponding to the working condition quantity according to the Pade approximation coefficient to be determined.
Based on a genetic algorithm, setting a control parameter corresponding to the controller to obtain a specific implementation manner of an optimal control parameter corresponding to the controller when a resistance value corresponding to a load resistance in the direct current-direct current converter is a preset resistance value may include: collecting the current voltage value output by the DC-DC converter when the resistance value corresponding to the load resistance in the DC-DC converter is a preset resistance value; determining the corresponding output error of the direct current-direct current converter according to the current voltage value and the preset voltage value; determining a performance index corresponding to the current control parameter of the controller according to the output error; and determining the optimal control parameters corresponding to the controller according to the performance indexes.
From the above description, it is clear that: and determining an optimal target control parameter corresponding to the controller in the current working state of the DC-DC converter according to the working condition network function corresponding to the working condition quantity and substituting the optimal target control parameter into the controller to control the DC-DC converter, so that the DC-DC converter can stably output voltage in the current working state and maintain steady state and transient performance in a large working range.
In order to facilitate understanding of the specific implementation process of the working condition network function corresponding to the determined working condition quantity, the working condition network function corresponding to the determined working condition quantity is described with reference to fig. 3. In specific implementation, the controller is assumed to be a PID controller, and the PID controller is used to control the dc-dc converter, where the PID controller is connected to the dc-dc converter to form a closed loop system.
First, selecting a plurality of different load resistorsRated load +.>The resistance values in the range at equal intervals, e.g. the preset resistance values corresponding to the selected load resistances are respectively. Wherein the control amount output by the PID controller is +.>. Wherein (1)>And s is a time domain parameter, and u is a control quantity.
Then, when the resistance value corresponding to the load resistance in the DC-DC converter is a preset resistance value, collecting the current voltage value output by the DC-DC converter; determining the corresponding output error of the direct current-direct current converter according to the current voltage value and the preset voltage value; determining a performance index corresponding to the current control parameter of the controller according to the output error; and determining the optimal control parameters corresponding to the controller according to the performance indexes.
Specifically, assume that the preset voltage value is The current voltage value of the output is +.>. The output error is. ITAE was chosen as the performance index, wherein +.>T is time, < >>For the end time, e (t) is the output error corresponding to time t. At a given set value +.>And given load +.>The parameters of the controller of the PID are then given by the genetic algorithm GA via the set value +.>And output voltage->Obtaining an output errorThe PWM result obtained by calculation by the PID controller is transmitted to the DC-DC converter, and the current voltage value output by the DC-DC converterAnd feeding back to the input, and comparing the output voltage with a preset voltage value to determine an output error. The output error can be evaluated by using ITAE index and fed back to the genetic algorithm, so that the iteration of the genetic algorithm is carried out, and finally the PID controller corresponding to the PID controller is obtainedAnd (5) optimizing control parameters. By using the method, the optimal control coefficient corresponding to the corresponding PID controller under different preset resistance values is obtained. And determining the mapping relation between the resistance value corresponding to the load resistor and the control parameter corresponding to the controller according to the preset resistance value and the optimal control parameter.
And then determining a Pade approximation formula of the control parameter corresponding to the PID controller, determining a plurality of Pade approximation pending coefficients in the Pade approximation formula according to the mapping relation, and finally determining a working condition network function corresponding to the working condition quantity according to the Pade approximation pending coefficients. Specifically, the PIDs approximation formula of the control parameters corresponding to the PID controller may select a PIDs approximation form with the numerator and denominator of 2 steps, for example, as follows:
Wherein,to approximate the undetermined coefficient for PadeIs a differential coefficient.
Next, using a genetic algorithm, the pard approximation undetermined coefficients are determined. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the preset resistance values corresponding to the load resistors are respectively 0.5R 0 ，0.6R 0 ，0.7R 0 ，0.8R 0 ，0.9R 0 ，R 0 ，1.1R 0 ，1.2R 0 ，1.3R 0 ，1.4R 0 ，1.5R 0 And the control parameters are brought into the Pade approximation form of the control parameters corresponding to the PID controller so as to determine the Pade approximation form of the control parameters corresponding to the PID controller under each preset resistance value.
Wherein the load resistance is 0.5R 0 When the PID controller is in operation, the corresponding control parameters are as followsLoad resistance of 0.6R 0 When the PID controller is in the process, the corresponding control parameter is +.>Load resistance value of 0.7R 0 When the PID controller is in the process, the corresponding control parameter is +.>Load resistance of 0.8R 0 When the PID controller is in the process, the corresponding control parameter is +.>Load resistance of 0.9R 0 When the PID controller is in the process, the corresponding control parameter is +.>The load resistance is R 0 When the PID controller is in the process, the corresponding control parameter is +.>Load resistance of 1.1R 0 When the PID controller is in the process, the corresponding control parameter is +.>Load resistance of 1.2R 0 When the PID controller is in the process, the corresponding control parameter is +.>Load resistance of 1.3R 0 When the PID controller is in the process, the corresponding control parameter is +.>Load resistance of 1.4R 0 When the PID controller is in the process, the corresponding control parameter is +. >Load resistance of 1.5R 0 When the PID controller is in the process, the corresponding control parameter is +.>。
And obtaining the actual parameter values obtained by the experimental results under each load resistor. Wherein the load resistance is 0.5R 0 When the obtained actual ginsengThe numerical value is a 1 Load resistance of 0.6R 0 The actual parameter value obtained is a 2 Load resistance value of 0.7R 0 The actual parameter value obtained is a 3 Load resistance of 0.8R 0 The actual parameter value obtained is a 4 Load resistance of 0.9R 0 The actual parameter value obtained is a 5 The load resistance is R 0 The actual parameter value obtained is a 6 Load resistance of 1.1R 0 The actual parameter value obtained is a 7 Load resistance of 1.2R 0 The actual parameter value obtained is a 8 Load resistance of 1.3R 0 The actual parameter value obtained is a 9 Load resistance of 1.4R 0 The actual parameter value obtained is a 10 Load resistance of 1.5R 0 The actual parameter value obtained is a 11 . And then, determining the Pade approximation undetermined coefficient in the Pade approximation form of the control parameter corresponding to the PID controller under each preset resistance value based on the actual parameter value by utilizing a genetic algorithm. And determining the optimal control parameters corresponding to the PID controller under each preset resistance value according to the determined Pade approximation undetermined coefficient.
Specifically, the implementation process of determining the Pade approximation pending coefficient in the Pade approximation form of the control parameter corresponding to the PID controller by using the genetic algorithm may be referred to as fig. 5. The method comprises the steps of randomly creating a Pade approximation undetermined coefficient, taking the randomly created Pade approximation undetermined coefficient as an initial population, determining working points corresponding to preset resistance values as individuals, and taking the individuals into a Pade approximation form of control parameters corresponding to a PID controller to obtain an output result. And (3) carrying out fitness MSE calculation on the output result and an experimental result (experimental results obtained by carrying out experiments on the actual circuit under each preset resistance value), and outputting an optimal Pade approximation undetermined coefficient if the calculated result meets a set termination condition. If the calculation result does not meet the set termination condition, continuing the selection operation, the crossover operation and the mutation operation, and carrying out the fitness calculation again until the fitness calculation result meets the set termination condition.
In the embodiment of the invention, the target control parameters are determined according to the working condition quantity and the working condition network function by determining the working condition network function corresponding to the working condition quantity, so that the mapping relation between the working condition quantity of the direct current-direct current converter and the control parameters of the controller can be accurately determined, the optimal target control parameters corresponding to the working condition quantities are accurately determined, and the direct current-direct current converter is controlled according to the target control parameters, so that the direct current-direct current converter can maintain optimal working performance under each working state.
From the above description, it is clear that: the application of the PID controller by using the track control network (working condition network function) realizes the self-adaptive control within a large working range, so that when the load resistance in the direct current-direct current converter changes, the PID controller can track the change scheduling control parameters to realize rapid convergence, and good steady-state performance and transient performance are obtained, and the global performance, steady-state performance and transient performance are improved.
The above embodiments describe a specific implementation process of determining the target control parameter, and in practical application, after determining the target control parameter, the dc-dc converter may be controlled according to the target control parameter so as to make the dc-dc converter stabilize the output voltage. In order to more clearly understand the specific implementation of controlling the dc-dc converter according to the target control parameter, the specific implementation of controlling the dc-dc converter to stabilize the output voltage of the dc-dc converter according to the target control parameter will be exemplarily described with reference to fig. 6.
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of controlling the DC-DC converter according to a target control parameter to stabilize the output voltage of the DC-DC converter according to the embodiment of the present invention; referring to fig. 6, the resistance value corresponding to the load resistor in the dc-dc converter may be used as the working condition quantity corresponding to the dc-dc converter, and specifically, the method may include the following steps:
601. And determining the control quantity corresponding to the DC-DC converter according to the target control parameter and the output error.
602. And controlling the DC-DC converter according to the control quantity so as to enable the DC-DC converter to stabilize the output voltage.
After the target control parameter in the current working state is determined, the control quantity corresponding to the DC-DC converter can be determined according to the target control parameter and the output error. Then, according to the control amount, the DC-DC converter is controlled so that the DC-DC converter can stably output voltage, thereby ensuring that the DC-DC converter can maintain the optimal working performance under the current working state.
In specific implementation, if a PID controller is used to control the dc-dc converter, the determined target control parameters include a scaling factor, an integration factor, and a differentiation factor, and when determining the control amount corresponding to the dc-dc converter, an error signal corresponding to the controller may be determined according to the output error, and then the scaling, integration, and differentiation calculation is performed on the error signal to determine the control amount corresponding to the next time. Specifically, first, an error signal corresponding to the controller is determined according to the output error. Then, based on the proportionality coefficient, proportionality operation is carried out on the error signal, and a proportionality operation result is obtained; based on the integral coefficient, carrying out integral operation on the error signal to obtain an integral operation result; and performing differential operation on the error signal based on the differential coefficient to obtain a differential operation result. And finally, determining the control quantity corresponding to the DC-DC converter based on the proportional operation result, the integral operation result and the differential operation result.
After the control amount is determined, the dc-dc converter may be controlled so as to stabilize the output voltage according to the control amount. In an alternative embodiment, the specific implementation process of controlling the dc-dc converter to stabilize the output voltage of the dc-dc converter according to the control amount may be: and determining a control signal corresponding to the controller according to the control quantity, and controlling the direct current-direct current converter according to the control signal so as to enable the direct current-direct current converter to stabilize the output voltage. The control signal can be a pulse width modulation signal, the frequency of PWM switching pulse is fixed, and the DC-DC converter is controlled by changing the pulse output width, so that the output voltage is stable.
The direct current-direct current converter is driven through the pulse width modulation signal PWM, and the direct current-direct current converter is controlled to be turned on or off so as to realize the control of the direct current-direct current converter. In particular, it is assumed that the period of the PWM signalThe signal frequency isThe opening time is +.>The off time is +.>So the duty cycle is +.>. The duty cycle can be +.>As a control amount.
In the embodiment of the invention, the control quantity corresponding to the direct current-direct current converter is determined according to the target control parameter and the output error, and then the direct current-direct current converter is controlled according to the control quantity so as to enable the direct current-direct current converter to stably output voltage, so that the target control parameter corresponding to the controller is timely adjusted based on the working state of the direct current-direct current converter, and the control quantity corresponding to the direct current-direct current converter is timely adjusted, so that the direct current-direct current converter can maintain optimal working performance under each working state.
When the method is specifically applied, the embodiment of the application provides a self-adaptive control method of a buck direct current-direct current converter based on artificial intelligence, and the control method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: and establishing a numerical model of the buck direct current-direct current converter.
Specifically, a numerical model corresponding to the buck dc-dc converter shown in fig. 7 may be established. Wherein the method comprises the steps ofAnd->The power transistor (MOSFET) is driven by a pulse width modulation signal PWM (Pulse Width Modulation, pulse width modulation, abbreviated as pulse width modulation) to control on or off. The period of the PWM signal is +.>The signal frequency isThe opening time is +.>The off time is +.>So the duty cycle is +.>. Duty cycleAs a control variable. In order to more accurately establish a numerical model of the buck direct current-direct current converter, parasitic effects of elements are considered, and the switching characteristics of the MOSFET are still ideal, namely zero on-voltage, zero off-current and zero switching time.
Step 2: and obtaining the voltage value and the current value output by the buck direct current-direct current converter in the current period.
Specifically, the present invention is limited to the inductive current Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM). Based on the assumption, the state equation of the circuit can be obtained according to kirchhoff voltage and current law.
1) When the switch tubeOpening, switch tube->When the switch is turned off:
2) When (when)Shut off (I)>When opened:
3) Output voltageThe method comprises the following steps: />。
Wherein,indicating input DC power, < >>、/>Indicating switching tube 1 and switching tube 2, < +.>Representing the equivalent resistance of the switching tube 1, +.>Representing the equivalent resistance of the switching tube 2, +.>Indicating inductance,/->Representing inductance +.>Equivalent resistance of>Representing capacitance, & lt + & gt>Representing capacitance +.>Equivalent resistance of>Represents the frontal point load resistance, +.>Representing the output voltage. Moreover, the controller in the present embodiment aims to make the buck dc-dc converter output voltage +.>Equal to reference voltage->The control variable is a pulse width modulation signal PWM.
Step 3: the controller parameters were set by genetic algorithm and with ITAE (absolute value of error multiplied by integral of time term over time) as the performance index.
Step 4: and determining the resistance value corresponding to the load resistor in the buck direct current-direct current converter as the working condition quantity corresponding to the buck direct current-direct current converter, changing the resistance value of the load resistor in the buck direct current-direct current converter, setting a plurality of groups of controller parameters at different working points, and determining the working condition network function through an interpolation method.
The specific implementation process of determining the operating mode network function may refer to the specific embodiment corresponding to fig. 3, which is not described herein.
Step 5: the control method is verified, and the rapidity of convergence under the condition of load change is verified in a simulation method.
Specifically, first, the load is selected to be rated Several values within the range different from the previous steps willSubstituting the expression to calculate the corresponding PID parameter +.>. Then, a genetic algorithm is used to find the optimal PID controller parameter for the corresponding load resistance +.>. Then, the parameters found under rated load are used. Calculated parameter->And->The performance of the output control parameter is closer to the best performance under the load than the performance of the parameter under the rated load, as compared to the performance of the controller under the corresponding load (ITAE).
By changing the resistance of the load resistor and carrying out experiments for a limited number of times, good performance in a large working range can be obtained, and by increasing the number of experiments, better performance can be obtained.
Step 6: and collecting the voltage value and the current value output by the buck direct current-direct current converter in the current period.
After the working condition network function corresponding to the working condition quantity is determined and the convergence rapidity corresponding to the working condition quantity is verified, in practical application, the working condition network function can be directly utilized to carry out corresponding control operation. Specifically, the voltage value and the current value output by the buck dc-dc converter in the current period are collected first to understand the current working state of the buck dc-dc converter in the current period.
Step 7: and determining the working condition quantity corresponding to the buck direct current-direct current converter according to the voltage value and the current value, wherein the working condition quantity is used for representing the current working state of the buck direct current-direct current converter.
Step 8: and determining a target control parameter according to the working condition quantity.
According to the voltage value and the current value output by the buck direct current-direct current converter, the current working state of the buck direct current-direct current converter in the current period is known, whether the working performance of the buck direct current-direct current converter in the current working state is good or not is determined, and if the current buck direct current-direct current converter cannot always keep the optimal functional performance, the target control parameters corresponding to the controller can be adjusted.
Step 9: and controlling the buck-type direct current-direct current converter according to the target control parameter so that the buck-type direct current-direct current converter stably outputs voltage.
Detailed implementations and beneficial effects of each step in the adaptive control method for an artificial intelligence-based dc-dc converter provided in the embodiments of the present invention have been described in the foregoing embodiments, and will not be described in detail herein. For details, reference is made to the above detailed description.
A dc-dc converter control apparatus of one or more embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that these means may be configured by the steps taught by the present solution using commercially available hardware components.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a dc-dc converter control device according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 8, the device includes: the device comprises an acquisition module 11, a first determination module 12, a second determination module 13 and a control module 14.
The acquisition module 11 is used for acquiring the voltage value and the current value output by the direct current-direct current converter in the current period.
The first determining module 12 is configured to determine, according to the voltage value and the current value, a working condition amount corresponding to the dc-dc converter, where the working condition amount is used to characterize a current working state of the dc-dc converter.
And the second determining module 13 is used for determining a target control parameter according to the working condition quantity.
The control module 14 is configured to control the dc-dc converter according to the target control parameter so that the dc-dc converter stably outputs a voltage.
In an alternative embodiment, the first determining module 12 may specifically be configured to: according to the voltage value and the current value, determining a resistance value corresponding to a load resistance in the DC-DC converter, and determining the resistance value as a working condition quantity corresponding to the DC-DC converter; or determining a power value corresponding to the load resistance in the DC-DC converter according to the voltage value and the current value, and determining the power value as a working condition quantity corresponding to the DC-DC converter.
In an alternative embodiment, the second determining module 13 may specifically be configured to: determining a working condition network function corresponding to the working condition quantity, wherein the working condition network function is used for describing a mapping relation between the working condition quantity of the direct current-direct current converter and the control parameter of the controller; and determining target control parameters according to the working condition quantity and the working condition network function.
In an alternative embodiment, the second determining module 13 may specifically be configured to: acquiring a preset resistance value corresponding to a load resistance in the direct current-direct current converter; based on a genetic algorithm, setting control parameters corresponding to the controller to obtain optimal control parameters corresponding to the controller when a resistance value corresponding to a load resistance in the DC-DC converter is the preset resistance value; determining a mapping relation between the resistance value corresponding to the load resistor and the control parameter corresponding to the controller according to the preset resistance value and the optimal control parameter; determining a Pade approximation formula of a control parameter corresponding to the controller, wherein the Pade approximation formula is a nonlinear function with a numerator and a denominator of second order; determining a plurality of Pade approximation undetermined coefficients in the Pade approximation formula according to the mapping relation; and determining a working condition network function corresponding to the working condition quantity according to the Pade approximation undetermined coefficient.
In an alternative embodiment, the second determining module 13 may specifically be configured to: collecting the current voltage value output by the DC-DC converter when the resistance value corresponding to the load resistance in the DC-DC converter is the preset resistance value; determining an output error corresponding to the DC-DC converter according to the current voltage value and a preset voltage value; determining a performance index corresponding to the current control parameter of the controller according to the output error; and determining the optimal control parameters corresponding to the controller according to the performance indexes.
In an alternative embodiment, the control module 14 may be specifically configured to: determining a control quantity corresponding to the DC-DC converter according to the target control parameter and the output error; and controlling the DC-DC converter according to the control quantity so as to enable the DC-DC converter to stabilize the output voltage.
In an alternative embodiment, the target control parameter includes a proportional coefficient, an integral coefficient, and a derivative coefficient, and the control module 14 may specifically be configured to: determining an error signal corresponding to the controller according to the output error; based on the proportionality coefficient, proportionality operation is carried out on the error signal, and a proportionality operation result is obtained; performing integral operation on the error signal based on the integral coefficient to obtain an integral operation result; performing differential operation on the error signal based on the differential coefficient to obtain a differential operation result; and determining the control quantity corresponding to the direct current-direct current converter based on the proportional operation result, the integral operation result and the differential operation result.
In an alternative embodiment, the control module 14 may be specifically configured to: determining a control signal corresponding to the controller according to the control quantity; and controlling the direct current-direct current converter according to the control signal so as to enable the direct current-direct current converter to stabilize the output voltage.
The apparatus shown in fig. 8 may perform the steps described in the foregoing embodiments, and detailed execution and technical effects are referred to in the foregoing embodiments and are not described herein.
In one possible design, the structure of the dc-dc converter control device shown in fig. 8 may be implemented as an electronic device, as shown in fig. 9, where the electronic device may include: memory 21, processor 22, communication interface 23. Wherein the memory 21 has stored thereon executable code which, when executed by the processor 22, causes the processor 22 to at least implement the artificial intelligence based dc-dc converter adaptive control method as provided in the previous embodiments.
Additionally, embodiments of the present invention provide a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium having executable code stored thereon, which when executed by a processor of an electronic device, causes the processor to at least implement an artificial intelligence based dc-dc converter adaptive control method as provided in the previous embodiments.
The apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative, wherein the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand and implement the present invention without undue burden.
From the above description of the embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the embodiments may be implemented by adding necessary general purpose hardware platforms, or may be implemented by a combination of hardware and software. Based on such understanding, the foregoing aspects, in essence and portions contributing to the art, may be embodied in the form of a computer program product, which may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An artificial intelligence-based direct current-direct current converter self-adaptive control method, which is characterized by being applied to a controller, wherein the controller is used for controlling a direct current-direct current converter, and the method comprises the following steps of:
collecting a voltage value and a current value output by a direct current-direct current converter in a current period;
determining a working condition quantity corresponding to the direct current-direct current converter according to the voltage value and the current value, wherein the working condition quantity is used for representing the current working state of the direct current-direct current converter;
determining a target control parameter according to the working condition quantity;
and controlling the DC-DC converter according to the target control parameter so as to enable the DC-DC converter to stably output voltage.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the operating condition amount corresponding to the dc-dc converter according to the voltage value and the current value comprises:
according to the voltage value and the current value, determining a resistance value corresponding to a load resistance in the DC-DC converter, and determining the resistance value as a working condition quantity corresponding to the DC-DC converter;
or determining a power value corresponding to the load resistance in the DC-DC converter according to the voltage value and the current value, and determining the power value as a working condition quantity corresponding to the DC-DC converter.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining a target control parameter based on the operating condition amount comprises:
determining a working condition network function corresponding to the working condition quantity, wherein the working condition network function is used for describing a mapping relation between the working condition quantity of the direct current-direct current converter and the control parameter of the controller;
and determining target control parameters according to the working condition quantity and the working condition network function.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein said determining an operating network function for which said operating quantity corresponds comprises:
acquiring a preset resistance value corresponding to a load resistance in the direct current-direct current converter;
based on a genetic algorithm, setting control parameters corresponding to the controller to obtain optimal control parameters corresponding to the controller when a resistance value corresponding to a load resistance in the DC-DC converter is the preset resistance value;
determining a mapping relation between the resistance value corresponding to the load resistor and the control parameter corresponding to the controller according to the preset resistance value and the optimal control parameter;
determining a Pade approximation formula of a control parameter corresponding to the controller, wherein the Pade approximation formula is a nonlinear function with a numerator and a denominator of second order;
Determining a plurality of Pade approximation undetermined coefficients in the Pade approximation formula according to the mapping relation;
and determining a working condition network function corresponding to the working condition quantity according to the Pade approximation undetermined coefficient.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the setting the control parameter corresponding to the controller based on the genetic algorithm to obtain the optimal control parameter corresponding to the controller when the resistance value corresponding to the load resistor in the dc-dc converter is the preset resistance value includes:
collecting the current voltage value output by the DC-DC converter when the resistance value corresponding to the load resistance in the DC-DC converter is the preset resistance value;
determining an output error corresponding to the DC-DC converter according to the current voltage value and a preset voltage value;
determining a performance index corresponding to the current control parameter of the controller according to the output error;
and determining the optimal control parameters corresponding to the controller according to the performance indexes.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein controlling the dc-dc converter to stabilize the output voltage according to the target control parameter comprises:
Determining a control quantity corresponding to the DC-DC converter according to the target control parameter and the output error;
and controlling the DC-DC converter according to the control quantity so as to enable the DC-DC converter to stabilize the output voltage.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the target control parameter comprises a proportional coefficient, an integral coefficient, and a derivative coefficient, and wherein determining the control amount corresponding to the dc-dc converter based on the target control parameter and the output error comprises:
determining an error signal corresponding to the controller according to the output error;
based on the proportionality coefficient, proportionality operation is carried out on the error signal, and a proportionality operation result is obtained;
performing integral operation on the error signal based on the integral coefficient to obtain an integral operation result;
performing differential operation on the error signal based on the differential coefficient to obtain a differential operation result;
and determining the control quantity corresponding to the direct current-direct current converter based on the proportional operation result, the integral operation result and the differential operation result.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the controlling the dc-dc converter to stabilize the output voltage according to the control amount includes:
Determining a control signal corresponding to the controller according to the control quantity;
and controlling the direct current-direct current converter according to the control signal so as to enable the direct current-direct current converter to stabilize the output voltage.
9. An electronic device, comprising: a memory, a processor, a communication interface; wherein the memory has executable code stored thereon, which when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform the artificial intelligence based dc-dc converter adaptive control method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium having executable code stored thereon, which when executed by a processor of an electronic device, causes the processor to perform the artificial intelligence based dc-dc converter adaptive control method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
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