CN117175195B - Broadband wide-angle scanning double-circular polarization antenna array - Google Patents
Broadband wide-angle scanning double-circular polarization antenna array Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a double circular polarization antenna array with wide-angle scanning of broadband, which consists of a transceiver chip, a broadband feed network and a plurality of antenna units; each antenna unit comprises two orthogonally placed sub-antenna units; in each antenna unit, one of the sub-antenna units is connected with one output port of the broadband feed network, and the other sub-antenna unit is connected with the other output port of the broadband feed network; the sub-antenna unit at least comprises antenna radiation arms which are bilaterally symmetrical and a wide-angle matching layer; the wide angle matching layer is used for enabling the sub-antenna units to realize large angle scanning. The antenna unit adopts two sub-antenna units which are placed in quadrature, so that the phenomenon of shaft polarization deterioration caused by inconsistent phase centers during antenna scanning is avoided. The sub-antenna units are provided with the wide-angle matching layers, and the impedance of the antenna during large-angle scanning is matched again, so that the input impedance is effectively reduced, the radiation electromagnetic wave of the antenna generates a refraction effect, and the scanning angle of the antenna is enlarged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of microwave antennas, in particular to a broadband wide-angle scanning double-circular polarization antenna array.
Background
Antennas are essential components of wireless communication systems as basic means for receiving and transmitting radio waves, wherein circularly polarized antennas are commonly used in vehicle communication systems, on-board and satellite communications. Compared with a linear polarization antenna, the circular polarization antenna has good multipath effect resistance and interference capability against weather factors such as rain and fog resistance, and is insensitive to the position of a receiving and transmitting antenna due to the characteristics of an electromagnetic wave electric field of the circular polarization antenna, so that the installation and the application of the antenna are more convenient and faster, and the circular polarization antenna is more suitable for a mobile communication scene.
The common circularly polarized array antenna is usually realized based on a microstrip line structure, and has the advantages of simple structure, easy processing and lower section, however, the antenna impedance bandwidth of the structure is narrower, usually only 5% -10%, the axial ratio bandwidth is narrower, usually only 3% -7%, and the scanning angle is smaller, usually only 30 °. The other type is a circularly polarized antenna based on a waveguide structure, and the antenna with the structure has the problems of narrow working bandwidth, complex structure, large weight and difficult processing of a high frequency band after size scaling although the loss is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome at least one defect of the prior art, and provides a double circularly polarized antenna array with wide-angle scanning of a broadband, which is used for solving the problems of narrow antenna impedance bandwidth and small scanning angle in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a dual circularly polarized antenna array for wide-angle scanning of a wideband, which is composed of a transceiver chip, a wideband feed network and a plurality of antenna units; the receiving-transmitting chip is used for transmitting signals with the broadband feed network; the broadband feed network is used for transmitting signals with the antenna units; each antenna unit comprises two sub-antenna units which are placed in quadrature, and the phase centers of the two sub-antenna units are coincident; in each antenna unit, one of the sub-antenna units is connected with one output port of the broadband feed network, and the other sub-antenna unit is connected with the other output port of the broadband feed network; the sub-antenna unit at least comprises antenna radiation arms which are bilaterally symmetrical and a wide-angle matching layer; the wide angle matching layer is used for enabling the sub-antenna units to realize large angle scanning.
According to the broadband wide-angle scanning double-circular polarization antenna array provided by the invention, the antenna units adopt two sub-antenna units which are orthogonally placed, so that the phenomenon of axial deterioration caused by inconsistent phase centers during antenna scanning is avoided. And secondly, a wide-angle matching layer is arranged on the sub-antenna unit, and the impedance of the antenna during large-angle scanning is re-matched, so that the input impedance is effectively reduced, the radiation electromagnetic wave of the antenna generates a refraction effect, and the scanning angle of the antenna is enlarged.
Further, the wide-angle matching layer is positioned above the antenna radiation arm and consists of a plurality of circular conductive patches and a plurality of square conductive patches which are bilaterally symmetrical.
The wide-angle matching layer is composed of symmetrical circular conductive patches and square conductive patches, and is equivalent to a dielectric substrate with a certain dielectric constant.
Further, the sub-antenna unit further comprises a broadband balun connected to the antenna radiating arm; the broadband balun comprises a bilateral symmetrical conductive patch for grounding and a microstrip line for matching multiple sections of impedance.
The broadband balun is used for converting input impedance, is easier to match with an antenna, converts unbalanced current on the wall of a sub-antenna unit into balanced current, avoids active standing waves and pattern performance deterioration caused by common mode resonance caused by unbalanced current during off-axis scanning, and keeps the axial ratio performance of the antenna at an all-azimuth angle.
Further, the microstrip line of the broadband balun is composed of two sections of impedance transformation transmission lines and an open-circuit transmission line.
In broadband balun, the antenna input impedance can be converted to an impedance that is easier to match by the interaction of two sections of impedance transforming transmission lines with an open circuit transmission line.
Further, the broadband feed network comprises a first metal ground, a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate and a second metal ground which are sequentially connected; an upper layer transmission line is printed on the first dielectric substrate; the second medium substrate is printed with a lower layer transmission line; the upper layer transmission line and the lower layer transmission line comprise a current input port and a current output port; the two current output ports respectively output signals with equal amplitude and 90-degree phase difference, and are respectively connected with one sub-antenna unit of each antenna unit.
In the broadband feed network, the coupling wiring form of the upper and lower transmission lines is utilized, so that the insertion loss of the feed network can be effectively reduced, the bandwidth of the feed network is expanded, the current output ports of the feed network respectively output signals with equal amplitude and 90-degree phase difference, and the signals are respectively fed into two orthogonal sub-antenna units in the antenna units, thereby realizing the radiation of left/right-hand circularly polarized waves.
Further, the upper layer transmission line consists of at least six sections of coupling lines and is printed on the bottom layer of the first dielectric substrate; the lower layer transmission line is composed of at least six sections of coupling lines and is printed on the top layer of the second dielectric substrate.
Further, in each antenna unit, a hollow part is arranged above the center of one of the sub-antenna units, a hollow part is arranged at the lower center of the other sub-antenna unit, and the two sub-antenna units are inserted in a cross mode through the hollow parts, so that orthogonal placement is achieved.
The two sub-antenna units can be inserted in a cross manner through the same hollow design, the phase centers among the sub-antenna units are ensured to coincide, the phase centers are kept consistent during antenna scanning, and the phenomenon of shaft deterioration is avoided.
Further, isolation walls are arranged around each antenna unit. The partition wall is advantageous in suppressing mutual coupling between the antenna elements.
Further, the receiving and transmitting chip and the broadband feed network are printed on circuit boards at different layers; the current output port of the broadband feed network is connected with the sub-antenna unit through the SMP-K connector.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the broadband wide-angle scanning double-circular polarization antenna array provided by the invention adopts a structure of a broadband feed network, a broadband balun and an orthogonal cross antenna. The antenna unit adopts a mode of two crossed and opposite sub-antenna units so as to enable the phase centers of the two sub-antenna units to coincide. The sub-antenna units are provided with wide-angle matching layers for matching the impedance of the antenna during wide-angle scanning and enlarging the scanning angle of the antenna. The broadband balun arranged on the sub-antenna unit can convert unbalanced current, and common mode resonance is avoided on the antenna radiating arm. Finally, the broadband feed network provided by the invention utilizes the wiring form of upper and lower transmission lines coupling, so that the insertion loss of the feed network is effectively reduced and the effect of expanding the bandwidth is achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating connection of a transceiver chip 100, a broadband feed network 200, and an antenna unit 300 in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an antenna unit 300 in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of one of the sub-antenna units in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of another sub-antenna unit in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic top view of two sub-antenna units in embodiment 1 of the present invention after being orthogonally placed.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a PCB structure of a sub-antenna unit in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a broadband feed network 200 in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the broadband feed network 200 in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a simulation S parameter of the broadband feed network 200 in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a diagram showing the phase difference between two output terminals of the broadband feed network 200 in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 11 shows an active standing wave when the antenna element 300 of embodiment 1 of the present invention radiates normally at the periodic boundary.
Fig. 12 is an active standing wave of the antenna element 300 of example 1 of the present invention when scanned off-axis at 51 ° at the periodic boundary.
Fig. 13 is an axial ratio bandwidth of antenna element 300 in example 1 of the present invention when radiating normally at a periodic boundary.
Fig. 14 is an axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna unit 300 of example 1 of the present invention when scanned off-axis by 51 ° at the periodic boundary.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. For better illustration of the following embodiments, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the actual product dimensions; it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a dual circularly polarized antenna array with wide-angle scanning of broadband, which consists of a transceiver chip, a broadband feed network and a plurality of antenna units.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the transceiver chip 100 is used to transmit signals with the broadband feed network 200. The broadband feed network 200 is used to transmit signals to and from the antenna element 300. In a specific embodiment, the transceiver chip 100 and the broadband feed network 200 are printed on different layers of the same PCB circuit board, and the broadband feed network 200 is blind-plugged with the antenna unit 300 through the SMP-K connector.
As shown in fig. 2, each antenna element 300 includes two sub-antenna elements 301 and 302 placed in quadrature, and the phase centers of the sub-antenna elements 301 and 302 coincide. The sub-antenna unit 301 and the sub-antenna unit 302, which are orthogonally disposed, are used to radiate circularly polarized electromagnetic waves. Preferably, a metal partition wall 300 is provided around each antenna element 300 for suppressing mutual coupling between the antenna elements 300.
Specifically, in each antenna unit 300, a hollow is provided at a portion above the center of one of the sub-antenna units, and in order to maximize the use of other portions of the sub-antenna units, the hollow is preferably an elongated hollow, as shown in fig. 3. As shown in fig. 4, a hollow is provided at a lower center portion of the other sub-antenna unit, and the hollow portions of the two sub-antenna units are preferably hollow portions of the same size and shape. Referring to fig. 1 and 5, the sub-antenna unit 301 and the sub-antenna unit 302 may be cross-inserted through their own hollowed-out parts, so as to implement orthogonal placement. When the sub-antenna unit 301 and the sub-antenna unit 302 synthesize circular polarization to scan, the phase centers of the antennas are consistent, thereby avoiding the deterioration of the axial ratio.
As shown in fig. 6, each sub-antenna unit includes at least an antenna radiating arm 5 and an antenna radiating arm 7 which are bilaterally symmetrical, and a wide-angle matching layer.
In a specific embodiment, the antenna radiating arms 5 and 7 are bent in an L shape, so that the size of the antenna can be reduced, and the miniaturization of the antenna can be realized.
The wide-angle matching layer is used for enabling the sub-antenna units to realize wide-angle scanning, and the specific positions are arranged above the antenna radiation arms 5 and 7 and are composed of a circular conductive patch 1 and a circular conductive patch 2 which are bilaterally symmetrical, and a square conductive patch 3 and a square conductive patch 4 which are bilaterally symmetrical. The wide-angle matching layer is equivalent to a dielectric substrate with a certain dielectric constant, and plays roles of matching the input impedance of the antenna during wide-angle scanning of the antenna, so that the input impedance is reduced, and then the radiation electromagnetic wave of the antenna can generate a refraction effect, so that the scanning angle of the antenna is enlarged. In a specific embodiment, the wide angle matching layer reduces the input impedance of the antenna for large angle scanning, facilitating matching with 50Ω.
As shown in fig. 6, the sub-antenna unit further includes a broadband balun, where the broadband balun is composed of a conductive patch 8 and a conductive patch 9 which are symmetric left and right and used for grounding, and a microstrip line 6 used for matching multiple sections of impedances. The conductive patches 8 and 9 are directly connected to the antenna radiating arms 8 and 9 and extend to the bottom of the sub-antenna element. The microstrip line 6 and the conductive patches 8 and 9 are printed on the upper and lower layers of the same dielectric substrate respectively. Specifically, the multi-section impedance microstrip line 6 specifically comprises a two-section impedance transformation transmission line and an open-circuit transmission line, wherein the left transmission line in the microstrip line 6 is a two-section impedance transformation transmission line, and the right transmission line (i.e. the symmetrical white line connected with the microstrip line 6) in the microstrip line 6 is an open-circuit transmission line. By the interaction of the two impedance transforming transmission lines with the open circuit transmission line, the input impedance of the antenna can be converted to an impedance that is easier to match, for example, in a specific embodiment, a 50 Ω input impedance can be converted to 100-200 Ω, and the input impedance of the antenna is typically 100-200 Ω.
The broadband balun plays a role in the sub-antenna unit, and can convert the input impedance of the antenna into impedance which is easier to match, and convert the unbalanced current which is input originally into balanced current, so that common mode resonance generated by the unbalanced current on the radiating arm of the antenna is avoided, and the resonance can enable the input impedance of the antenna unit to be close to 0, and the antenna performance is deteriorated.
As shown in fig. 7, the broadband feed network 200 includes a first metal land 201, a first dielectric substrate 203, a second dielectric substrate 204, and a second metal land 202 connected in sequence.
The first dielectric substrate 203 and the second dielectric substrate 204 are bonded and fixed by an adhesive 205.
The bottom layer of the first dielectric substrate 203 is printed with an upper layer transmission line 206. The top layer of the second dielectric substrate 204 is printed with a lower layer transmission line 207. In the broadband feed network, the coupling wiring form of the upper layer transmission line and the lower layer transmission line can be utilized, so that the insertion loss of the feed network can be effectively reduced, and the bandwidth of the feed network is expanded. The relative bandwidth of the traditional feed network is only 10%, and the relative bandwidth of the broadband feed network provided by the embodiment can reach more than 90%.
As shown in fig. 8, the upper layer transmission line 206 includes a current input port 1 and a current output port 3. The lower transmission line 207 includes a current input port 2 and a current output port 4.
The current output port 3 and the current output port 4 respectively output signals with equal amplitude and 90 DEG phase difference, and are respectively connected with one sub-antenna unit of each antenna unit, so that in each antenna unit, the left/right circular polarized wave is radiated by two orthogonally placed sub-antenna units 301 and 302.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 8, the upper layer transmission line 206 is composed of at least six sections of coupled lines including a first section of coupled line 13, a second section of coupled line 15, a third section of coupled line 16, a fourth section of coupled line 19, a fifth section of coupled line 20, and a sixth section of coupled line 22.
The lower layer transmission line 207 is composed of at least six sections of coupled lines including a first section of coupled line 12, a second section of coupled line 14, a third section of coupled line 17, a fourth section of coupled line 18, a fifth section of coupled line 21, and a sixth section of coupled line 23.
As shown in FIG. 9, the simulation S parameters of the broadband feed network provided by the embodiment are smaller than-17.5 dB in return loss and isolation in the working frequency band.
The phase difference between the two outputs of the broadband feed network is shown in fig. 10, with a phase error of < + -1.5 deg..
An active standing wave when the antenna radiates normally at the periodic boundary is shown in fig. 11.
The active standing wave of the antenna when scanned off-axis 51 deg. at the periodic boundary is shown in fig. 12.
The axial bandwidth of the antenna when radiating normally at the periodic boundary is shown in fig. 13.
The axial bandwidth of the antenna when scanned off-axis 51 deg. at the periodic boundary is shown in fig. 14.
The dual circularly polarized antenna array for wide-band wide-angle scanning provided by the embodiment adopts the arrangement of two orthogonal sub-antenna units in a cross manner, so that the axial ratio deterioration caused by inconsistent phase center during scanning is avoided. The wide-angle matching layer on the sub-antenna unit can be used for increasing the radiation angle of the antenna and optimizing the active standing wave of the antenna during the large-angle scanning of the antenna. The broadband balun of the sub-antenna unit converts unbalanced current on the antenna wall into balanced current, so that active standing waves and pattern performance deterioration caused by common mode resonance caused by unbalanced current during off-axis scanning are avoided, and the axial ratio performance of the antenna at an all-azimuth angle is maintained. Finally, signals with constant amplitude and 90 DEG phase difference covering a plurality of wave bands are generated through a broadband circular polarization feed network and are respectively fed into two orthogonal antenna units to radiate left/right circular polarization waves. The dual circularly polarized antenna array with wide-band wide-angle scanning provided by the embodiment can realize more than 20% of impedance bandwidth and axial ratio bandwidth, the off-axis scanning angle is expanded to 51 degrees, good electrical performance can be kept in the azimuth angle range of off-axis angles of-51 degrees to 51 degrees and 0 to 360 degrees, the active return loss of the antenna is < -6.5dB in the working frequency band of 3 to 3.9GHz, the axial ratio is less than 5dB, and the wide frequency band can be covered by the broadband circularly polarized feed network: 1-5-4.5GHz.
It should be understood that the foregoing examples of the present invention are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention to the specific embodiments thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. that comes within the spirit and principle of the claims of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A dual circularly polarized antenna array with wide-angle scanning of broadband is composed of transceiver chip, broadband feed network and several antenna units;
the receiving-transmitting chip is used for transmitting signals with the broadband feed network;
the broadband feed network is used for transmitting signals with the antenna units;
it is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of,
each antenna unit comprises two sub-antenna units which are placed in quadrature, and the phase centers of the two sub-antenna units are coincident;
in each antenna unit, one of the sub-antenna units is connected with one output port of the broadband feed network, and the other sub-antenna unit is connected with the other output port of the broadband feed network;
the sub-antenna unit at least comprises antenna radiation arms which are bilaterally symmetrical and a wide-angle matching layer;
the wide-angle matching layer is used for enabling the sub-antenna units to realize wide-angle scanning;
the wide-angle matching layer is positioned above the antenna radiation arm and consists of a plurality of circular conductive patches and a plurality of square conductive patches which are bilaterally symmetrical.
2. The broadband wide-angle scanning dual circularly polarized antenna array of claim 1, wherein the sub-antenna elements further comprise a broadband balun coupled to the antenna radiating arms;
the broadband balun comprises a bilateral symmetrical conductive patch for grounding and a microstrip line for matching multiple sections of impedance.
3. The broadband wide-angle scanning dual circularly polarized antenna array according to claim 2, wherein the microstrip line of the broadband balun is composed of two sections of impedance transformation transmission line and an open-circuit transmission line.
4. The broadband wide-angle scanning dual circularly polarized antenna array of claim 1, wherein the broadband feed network comprises a first metal ground, a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate, and a second metal ground connected in sequence;
an upper layer transmission line is printed on the first dielectric substrate; the second medium substrate is printed with a lower layer transmission line;
the upper layer transmission line and the lower layer transmission line comprise a current input port and a current output port;
the two current output ports respectively output signals with equal amplitude and 90-degree phase difference, and are respectively connected with one sub-antenna unit of each antenna unit.
5. The wide-band wide-angle scanning dual circularly polarized antenna array as claimed in claim 4, wherein,
the upper layer transmission line consists of at least six sections of coupling lines and is printed on the bottom layer of the first dielectric substrate;
the lower layer transmission line is composed of at least six sections of coupling lines and is printed on the top layer of the second dielectric substrate.
6. The wide-band wide-angle scanning dual circularly polarized antenna array as set forth in claim 1, wherein,
in each antenna unit, a hollow part is arranged above the center of one of the sub-antenna units, a hollow part is arranged at one lower center of the other sub-antenna unit, and the two sub-antenna units are inserted in a cross mode through the hollow parts, so that orthogonal placement is achieved.
7. The array of wide-band wide-angle scanning dual circularly polarized antennas as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein each antenna element is provided with a partition wall around.
8. The array of wide-angle scanning dual circularly polarized antennas of any of claims 1-6, wherein the transceiver chip and the broadband feed network are printed on circuit boards at different layers;
the current output port of the broadband feed network is connected with the sub-antenna unit through the SMP-K connector.
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