CN117133951A - Hydrogen supply method and system for anode of hydrogen fuel cell and control method of hydrogen supply system - Google Patents
Hydrogen supply method and system for anode of hydrogen fuel cell and control method of hydrogen supply system Download PDFInfo
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 455
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 455
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 403
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 55
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 206010017472 Fumbling Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04955—Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a hydrogen supply system of a hydrogen fuel cell anode, a control method thereof and a hydrogen supply method of the hydrogen fuel cell anode. The hydrogen supply system of the anode of the hydrogen fuel cell comprises an air inlet pipeline, a first pipeline, a second pipeline and a pile pipeline; the input end of the air inlet pipeline is communicated with an external hydrogen source, the output end of the air inlet pipeline is communicated with the input end of the first pipeline, the output end of the first pipeline is communicated with the input end of the pile pipeline, and the output end of the pile pipeline is communicated with a hydrogen inlet of an external pile; the first pipeline is sequentially provided with a proportional valve and a pressure reducing device; the second pipeline is connected in parallel with the first pipeline, and the input end and the output end of the second pipeline are respectively communicated with the output end of the air inlet pipeline and the input end of the pile pipeline; the second pipeline is sequentially provided with an on-off valve and a hydrogen spraying valve group, and the hydrogen spraying valve group comprises a plurality of hydrogen spraying valves which are connected in parallel on the second pipeline.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cogeneration of hydrogen fuel cells, and particularly relates to a hydrogen supply method, a hydrogen supply system and a control method of a hydrogen fuel cell anode.
Background
The hydrogen fuel cell has the advantages of high power generation rate, low pollution degree, low noise and the like, has a very large application market, and can be applied to application markets of aviation, automobiles, ships, airplanes and the like.
Hydrogen fuel cells are cells in which hydrogen and oxygen react electrochemically under the action of a catalyst to produce water and electrical energy, and in addition, heat is generated while the reaction discharges. Although the low-power hydrogen fuel cell has limited heat generated by reaction and is not suitable for waste heat recovery, the high-power hydrogen fuel cell has very much heat, and if the heat is not utilized, the heat waste rate is very high. The concept proposed at present is that the heat of the part can be recycled by adopting cogeneration, so that the high-power hydrogen fuel cell is more efficiently used.
The hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system is still in the fumbling stage at present on the concrete design, and no mature and stable cogeneration system has been proposed yet. The hydrogen injection valve on the hydrogen pipeline of the anode of the hydrogen fuel cell references the fuel injection nozzle of the traditional engine and the high-frequency valve group of the CNG engine. The hydrogen injection valve is a high-frequency opening and closing valve, has extremely high response speed, but the flow of a single hydrogen injection valve is smaller, and a plurality of hydrogen injection valves are often arranged in the high-frequency valve group so as to meet the requirement of large flow and further meet the power requirement.
However, as the galvanic pile becomes more mature, the power of the galvanic pile is also upgraded from the original household distributed cogeneration system of 5KW fuel cells to the cogeneration system of 100KW fuel cells. The high-frequency valve group of the original scheme is also upgraded from 1-4 hydrogen injection valves to 10-12 hydrogen injection valves, or even more. The huge number of hydrogen injection valves not only can bring the problems of high noise, high cost, high failure rate, poor consistency and the like, but also can bring the difficulty in control and increase the risk of hydrogen leakage at the anode end.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hydrogen supply method, a hydrogen supply system and a control method thereof for a hydrogen fuel cell anode, which are used for solving the problems of high control difficulty, high noise, high cost and the like caused by increasing the number of hydrogen injection valves to adapt to the increase of the power of a galvanic pile in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a hydrogen supply system of a hydrogen fuel cell anode comprises an air inlet pipeline, a first pipeline, a second pipeline and a pile pipeline; the input end of the air inlet pipeline is used for being communicated with an external hydrogen source, the output end of the air inlet pipeline is communicated with the input end of the first pipeline, the output end of the first pipeline is communicated with the input end of the electric pile pipeline, and the output end of the electric pile pipeline is communicated with a hydrogen inlet of an external electric pile; the first pipeline is sequentially provided with a proportional valve and pressure reducing equipment;
the second pipeline is connected in parallel with the first pipeline, and the input end and the output end of the second pipeline are respectively communicated with the output end of the air inlet pipeline and the input end of the pile pipeline; the second pipeline is sequentially provided with an on-off valve and a hydrogen spraying valve group, and the hydrogen spraying valve group comprises a plurality of hydrogen spraying valves which are connected in parallel on the second pipeline.
The first pipeline is provided with first pressure detection equipment, and the first pressure detection equipment is arranged at the downstream of the pressure reducing equipment; and/or a second pressure detection device is arranged on the second pipeline, and the second pressure detection device is arranged at the downstream of the hydrogen injection valve group.
The preferred hydrogen fuel cell anode hydrogen supply system is characterized in that a safety valve is arranged on the pile pipeline.
The preferred hydrogen fuel cell positive pole hydrogen supply system still includes hydrogen circulation pipeline, hydrogen circulation pipeline's input and the reaction export intercommunication of outside pile, be equipped with the hydrogen circulating pump on the hydrogen circulation pipeline, hydrogen circulation pipeline's output respectively with first pipeline with the second pipeline intercommunication, just, hydrogen circulation pipeline's output with the junction of first pipeline is located the low reaches of proportional valve, hydrogen circulation pipeline's output with the junction of second pipeline is located the low reaches of ooff valve.
The preferred hydrogen fuel cell anode hydrogen supply system is characterized in that the pressure reducing device is a reducer union, and/or the air inlet pipeline is provided with a shut-off valve.
A control method of a hydrogen supply system of a hydrogen fuel cell anode, which is applicable to the hydrogen supply system of the hydrogen fuel cell anode as described in any one of the above; the control method comprises the following steps:
s1: obtaining the required hydrogen flow according to the target power of the electric pile;
s2: judging whether the required hydrogen flow is larger than a first threshold value, if so, entering S3, and if so, entering S4;
s3: closing the switch valve, and regulating the proportional valve according to the required hydrogen flow;
s4: and adjusting the opening degree of the proportional valve to be zero, opening the closing valve, and regulating and controlling the hydrogen spraying valve group according to the required hydrogen flow.
A preferred control method of the hydrogen supply system of the anode of the hydrogen fuel cell further includes S5: opening the closing valve, and regulating the proportional valve and the hydrogen injection valve group according to the required hydrogen flow;
wherein, the S2 further includes: and when the required hydrogen flow is greater than or equal to the first threshold, judging whether the required hydrogen flow is greater than a second threshold, entering the S4 if the required hydrogen flow is smaller than the second threshold, and entering the S5 if the required hydrogen flow is greater than or equal to the second threshold.
The control method of the hydrogen supply system of the anode of the hydrogen fuel cell monitors the gas pressure in the pipeline at the downstream of the pressure reducing device, and regulates and controls the proportional valve according to the gas pressure in the pipeline at the downstream of the pressure reducing device and the required hydrogen flow;
and/or monitoring the gas pressure in the pipeline at the downstream of the hydrogen spraying valve group, and regulating the hydrogen spraying valve group according to the gas pressure in the pipeline at the downstream of the hydrogen spraying valve group and the required hydrogen flow.
The hydrogen supply method of the anode of the hydrogen fuel cell is characterized in that two hydrogen transmission routes for transmitting hydrogen to a hydrogen inlet of a cell stack are arranged, wherein one hydrogen transmission route is a first hydrogen transmission route, and the other hydrogen transmission route is a second hydrogen transmission route; the first hydrogen conveying route is provided with a proportional valve, and the second hydrogen conveying route is provided with a hydrogen spraying valve group;
acquiring the hydrogen flow required by the electric pile target power;
and judging that the hydrogen flow required by the target power of the electric pile reaches a preset range, and selecting the first hydrogen transmission route or/and the second hydrogen transmission route as a hydrogen transmission route for hydrogen entering a hydrogen inlet of the electric pile.
Preferably, the preset range comprises a first preset range, a second preset range and a third preset range; the first preset range is smaller than a first threshold, the second preset range is larger than or equal to the first threshold and smaller than a second threshold, and the third preset range is larger than or equal to the second threshold;
judging that the hydrogen flow required by the target power of the electric pile reaches the first preset range, and selecting the second hydrogen transmission route as a hydrogen transmission route for hydrogen entering a hydrogen inlet of the electric pile;
judging that the hydrogen flow required by the target power of the electric pile reaches the second preset range, and selecting the first hydrogen transmission route as a hydrogen transmission route for hydrogen entering a hydrogen inlet of the electric pile;
and judging that the hydrogen flow required by the target power of the electric pile reaches the third preset range, and selecting the first hydrogen transmission route and the second hydrogen transmission route as hydrogen transmission routes for hydrogen entering the hydrogen inlet of the electric pile.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages and positive effects compared with the prior art:
the hydrogen injection valve has the advantages of high response speed, low flow rate and high precision, and has the disadvantages of low flow rate and high noise; the proportional valve has the advantages of large flow rate, low noise, low control precision of small flow rate and nonlinear flow area. The invention fully plays the advantages of the hydrogen injection valve and the proportional valve, overcomes the defects of the hydrogen injection valve and the proportional valve, and provides a novel hydrogen supply method, a novel hydrogen supply system and a novel control method of the hydrogen supply system of the anode of the hydrogen fuel cell.
Specifically, when the galvanic pile needs small-flow hydrogen, the advantages of high accuracy and high response speed of the small-flow control of the hydrogen spraying valve are fully utilized, the switching valve is opened (meanwhile, the proportional valve is completely closed), hydrogen enters the galvanic pile from the second pipeline, flows through the hydrogen spraying valve in the middle, and the hydrogen flow is controlled by the hydrogen spraying valve group; when the electric pile needs medium and large flow of hydrogen, the advantage of large flow of the proportional valve is fully utilized, the switch valve is closed, hydrogen enters the electric pile from the first pipeline, flows through the proportional valve in the middle, and the flow of the hydrogen is controlled by the proportional valve; when the electric pile needs to be extremely large or even the maximum power output, the hydrogen quantity needs to be simultaneously operated by the hydrogen spraying valve and the proportional valve to meet the extremely large hydrogen supply demand, at the moment, the duty ratio of the proportional valve is opened to the maximum value, the switching valve is opened, the hydrogen spraying valve works, and hydrogen from an external hydrogen source enters the electric pile after being divided into two paths, namely a first pipeline and a second pipeline.
The invention solves the problems of high control difficulty, high noise, high cost and the like caused by increasing the number of the hydrogen injection valves to adapt to the increase of the power of the electric pile in the prior art by arranging the proportional valves. Meanwhile, the arrangement scheme of the hydrogen spraying valve group and the proportional valve in parallel makes up the defects that the control precision of the proportional valve is insufficient during low-flow hydrogen supply and the flow of the hydrogen spraying valve is insufficient during high-flow hydrogen supply, namely the invention solves the problem that the existing hydrogen fuel cell anode hydrogen supply system cannot meet the hydrogen flow requirements under different working conditions, namely the existing hydrogen fuel cell anode hydrogen supply system is difficult to balance the hydrogen supply quantity with great requirements under high power and needs less hydrogen supply quantity under idle working conditions to meet the operation with the lowest power consumption.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen fuel cell anode hydrogen supply system of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a control method of a hydrogen supply system of an anode of a hydrogen fuel cell according to the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1: a shut-off valve; 2: a proportional valve; 3: a pressure reducing device; 4: a first pressure detection device; 5: a safety valve; 6: a galvanic pile; 7: a hydrogen circulation pump; 8: a switch valve; 9: a hydrogen spraying valve group; 10: a second pressure detection device.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following description will explain the specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is evident that the drawings in the following description are only examples of the invention, from which other drawings and other embodiments can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort.
For the sake of simplicity of the drawing, the parts relevant to the present invention are shown only schematically in the figures, which do not represent the actual structure thereof as a product. Additionally, in order to simplify the drawing for ease of understanding, components having the same structure or function in some of the drawings are shown schematically with only one of them, or only one of them is labeled. Herein, "a" means not only "only this one" but also "more than one" case.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the present embodiment provides a hydrogen supply system for an anode of a hydrogen fuel cell, including an intake pipe, a first pipe, a second pipe, and a stack pipe. The input end of the air inlet pipeline is communicated with an external hydrogen source, the output end of the air inlet pipeline is communicated with the input end of the first pipeline, the output end of the first pipeline is communicated with the input end of the electric pile pipeline, and the output end of the electric pile pipeline is communicated with the hydrogen inlet of the external electric pile 6; the first pipeline is provided with a proportional valve 2 and a pressure reducing device 3 in sequence. The second pipeline is connected in parallel with the first pipeline, and the input end and the output end of the second pipeline are respectively communicated with the output end of the air inlet pipeline and the input end of the pile pipeline; the second pipeline is sequentially provided with an on-off valve 8 and a hydrogen spraying valve group 9, and the hydrogen spraying valve group 9 comprises a plurality of hydrogen spraying valves which are connected in parallel on the second pipeline.
When the electric pile 6 needs small flow of hydrogen, the proportional valve 2 on the first pipeline is closed, the first pipeline is disconnected, the switch valve 8 on the second pipeline is opened, and the hydrogen from the hydrogen source enters the hydrogen inlet of the electric pile 6 through the air inlet pipeline, the second pipeline and the electric pile pipeline; the hydrogen flow is regulated and controlled by controlling the opening and closing of each hydrogen injection valve in the hydrogen injection valve group 9 on the second pipeline. When the electric pile 6 needs medium-large flow hydrogen, the switch valve 8 on the second pipeline is closed, the second pipeline is disconnected, the proportional valve 2 on the first pipeline is opened, and the hydrogen from the hydrogen source enters the hydrogen inlet of the electric pile 6 through the air inlet pipeline, the first pipeline and the electric pile pipeline; the hydrogen flow is regulated and controlled by controlling the opening of the proportional valve 2 on the first pipe. When the electric pile 6 needs to have the maximum power output or even the maximum power output, the hydrogen quantity needed by the electric pile 6 needs to be simultaneously operated by the hydrogen spraying valve and the proportional valve 2 to meet the maximum hydrogen supply demand, at the moment, the duty ratio of the proportional valve 2 on the first pipeline is opened to the maximum value, the switching valve 8 on the second pipeline is opened, and the first pipeline and the second pipeline are communicated.
The high-power hydrogen fuel cell in the prior art is improved from a low-power hydrogen fuel cell, and the hydrogen flow rate is adjusted by adjusting the opening quantity of the hydrogen injection valves in the hydrogen injection valve group 9 in the low-power hydrogen fuel cell, so that when the rated power of the hydrogen fuel cell is increased in the prior art, the requirement of increasing the hydrogen flow rate in the hydrogen fuel cell is met by increasing the quantity of the hydrogen injection valves in the hydrogen injection valve group 9. However, the huge number of hydrogen injection valves not only can bring problems of high noise, high cost, high failure rate, poor consistency and the like, but also can bring difficulty in control and increase the risk of hydrogen leakage at the anode end. For this reason, the present embodiment employs the proportional valve 2 to satisfy the demand for a large hydrogen flow rate of the high-power hydrogen fuel cell. Meanwhile, when the flow rate of the hydrogen is large, the pressure of the hydrogen flowing through the proportional valve 2 in the first pipeline is large, and for this purpose, the pressure reducing device 3 is arranged at the downstream of the proportional valve 2, so that the pressure of the hydrogen entering the hydrogen inlet of the electric pile 6 meets the requirement. The proportional valve 2 has a low accuracy of small flow control and a nonlinear flow range, which is an electromagnetic gas flow control valve that outputs a gas flow proportional to an input current signal, i.e., the output gas flow can be steplessly and smoothly adjusted by controlling the input current signal, which is referred to as a linear flow range in this section, but the minimum flow of the proportional valve 2 has a limit value, and when the flow is further reduced, the flow instantaneously becomes zero. Therefore, the second pipeline is parallel to the first pipeline, when the hydrogen with small flow is needed, the hydrogen flows from the second pipeline, and the flow is regulated by the hydrogen spraying valve group 9 on the second pipeline, so that the problems are solved, and the defect of insufficient control precision of the proportional valve 2 when the hydrogen is supplied with the small flow is overcome.
The structure of the present embodiment will now be described.
The pressure reducing device 3 may be a reducer union. The diameter of the input end of the reducer union is larger than that of the output end, so that the pressure of the hydrogen is reduced after the hydrogen passes through the reducer union. Of course, other pressure reducing devices 3, such as nozzles, etc., may be employed in other embodiments.
In this embodiment, the required hydrogen flow is calculated according to the target power of the galvanic pile 6, and then the opening of the proportional valve 2 or/and the opening and closing of each hydrogen injection valve in the hydrogen injection valve group 9 are regulated according to the required hydrogen flow. However, there is a difference between the amount actually consumed by the stack 6 and the expected amount. For this purpose, a first pressure detection device 4 is provided on the first conduit, and the first pressure detection device 4 is provided downstream of the pressure reduction device 3; a second pressure detection device 10 is provided on the second pipe, and the second pressure detection device 10 is provided downstream of the hydrogen injection valve group 9. The flow of the hydrogen is related to the pressure of the hydrogen, and the opening of the proportional valve 2 and/or the opening and closing of each hydrogen injection valve in the hydrogen injection valve group 9 can be further adjusted and controlled according to the pressure of the hydrogen in the pipeline. Specifically, the first pressure detecting device 4 and the second pressure detecting device 10 may each employ a pressure sensor.
For safety reasons, a safety valve 5 is provided on the stack piping. When either one of the first pressure detecting device 4 and the second pressure detecting device 10 detects that the pressure in the corresponding pipe is higher than the acceptable pressure range of the pile 6, the relief valve 5 is opened.
A shutoff valve 1 is arranged on an air inlet pipeline, and the shutoff valve 1 is a total switch of the whole hydrogen pipeline in the anode hydrogen supply system of the hydrogen fuel cell. In this embodiment, there are two hydrogen pipelines, which are (1) large-flow hydrogen pipelines: air inlet pipeline-first pipeline-pile pipeline; (2) small flow hydrogen path: intake duct-second duct-stack duct. When the hydrogen supply system of the anode of the hydrogen fuel cell works normally, the shutoff valve 1 is in an open state, and when unexpected situations occur and the hydrogen supply is required to be disconnected or the hydrogen supply system of the anode of the hydrogen fuel cell does not work, the shutoff valve 1 is closed, so that the hydrogen source can not flow into the hydrogen supply system of the anode of the hydrogen fuel cell any more.
The hydrogen supply system of the hydrogen fuel cell anode further comprises a hydrogen circulation pipeline, the input end of the hydrogen circulation pipeline is communicated with the reaction outlet of the external electric pile 6, a hydrogen circulation pump 7 is arranged on the hydrogen circulation pipeline, the output end of the hydrogen circulation pipeline is respectively communicated with the first pipeline and the second pipeline, the junction of the output end of the hydrogen circulation pipeline and the first pipeline is arranged at the downstream of the proportional valve 2, and the junction of the output end of the hydrogen circulation pipeline and the second pipeline is arranged at the downstream of the switch valve 8. The unreacted hydrogen in the electric pile 6 is pumped and pressurized by a hydrogen circulating pump 7 and then enters a first pipeline or/and a second pipeline for recycling. Specifically, the communication between the output end of the hydrogen circulation pipe and the first pipe may be located between the proportional valve 2 and the pressure reducing device 3 or between the pressure reducing device 3 and the first pressure detecting device 4; the connection between the output of the hydrogen circulation line and the second line may be between the on-off valve 8 and the hydrogen injection valve block 9.
There is provided a control method for a hydrogen fuel cell anode hydrogen supply system, which is applicable to a hydrogen fuel cell anode hydrogen supply system (but does not mean that the hydrogen fuel cell oxygen hydrogen supply system has only one control method). The control method comprises the following steps:
s1: obtaining the required hydrogen flow according to the target power of the electric pile 6;
s2: judging whether the required hydrogen flow is greater than a first threshold, if so, entering S3, and if so, entering S4;
s3: closing the switch valve 8, and regulating the proportional valve 2 according to the required hydrogen flow;
s4: the opening degree of the proportional valve 2 is adjusted to be zero, a closing valve is opened, and the hydrogen injection valve group 9 is regulated and controlled according to the required hydrogen flow.
Further, the control method further includes S5: the closing valve is opened, and the proportional valve 2 and the hydrogen injection valve group 9 are regulated according to the required hydrogen flow. Correspondingly, S2 further comprises: and when the required hydrogen flow is greater than the first threshold, judging whether the required hydrogen flow is greater than the second threshold, if so, entering S4, and if so, entering S5.
In addition, the pressure of the gas in the pipeline at the downstream of the pressure reducing device 3 can be always monitored, and the proportional valve 2 can be regulated and controlled according to the pressure of the gas in the pipeline at the downstream of the pressure reducing device 3 and the required hydrogen flow; meanwhile, the gas pressure in the pipeline at the downstream of the hydrogen spraying valve group 9 is always monitored, and the hydrogen spraying valve group 9 is regulated and controlled according to the gas pressure in the pipeline at the downstream of the hydrogen spraying valve group 9 and the required hydrogen flow. Of course, when it is detected that the gas pressure in any one of the piping downstream of the pressure reducing device 3 and the piping downstream of the hydrogen injection valve group 9 is greater than the third threshold value, the safety valve 5 provided on the stack piping is also opened.
The hydrogen injection valve has the advantages of high response speed, high small flow precision, small flow and high noise; the proportional valve 2 has the advantages of large flow rate, low noise and low control precision of small flow rate and has a nonlinear flow area. According to the embodiment, the defect that the control precision of the proportional valve 2 is insufficient during small-flow hydrogen supply and the flow of the hydrogen injection valve is insufficient during large-flow hydrogen supply is overcome by the arrangement method of the hydrogen injection valve group 9 and the proportional valve 2 in parallel connection. Specifically:
1) The closed-loop control technical scheme of the hydrogen injection valve group 9+the second pressure detection device 10 (here, closed-loop control of the hydrogen injection valve group 9 according to the data detected by the second pressure detection device 10) meets the requirement that when the electric pile 6 is in an idle working condition, the hydrogen is slightly consumed or even not consumed by regulating and controlling the opening time of each hydrogen injection valve in the hydrogen injection valve group 9. Specifically, when the galvanic pile 6 needs small flow hydrogen, the advantages of high accuracy and high response speed of the small flow control of the hydrogen injection valve are fully utilized, and the hydrogen enters the switch valve 8 and the hydrogen injection valve from the shutoff valve 1 and enters the galvanic pile 6 through the second pressure detection device 10 and the safety valve 5. Wherein, the effect of each partial valve of low-flow hydrogen gas circuit does: the shutoff valve 1 is a main switch of the whole hydrogen pipeline; when the flow is smaller, the proportional valve 2 is completely closed, the switch valve 8 is opened, and hydrogen enters the hydrogen injection valve group 9; the hydrogen injection valve group 9 controls the flow of hydrogen injected into the stack 6, and the second pressure detection device 10 collects pressure signals and opens the safety valve 5 when the pressure is higher than the acceptable pressure range of the stack 6.
2) The proportional valve 2+the closed-loop control technical scheme of the first pressure detection device 4 (here, closed-loop control that the proportional valve 2 is adjusted according to the data detected by the first pressure detection device 4) adjusts and controls the opening of the proportional valve 2 by determining the working condition of the galvanic pile 6, so as to meet the requirement of the galvanic pile 6 for high-flow hydrogen. Specifically, when the galvanic pile 6 needs medium-large flow hydrogen, the advantage of large flow of the proportional valve 2 is fully utilized, and the hydrogen enters the galvanic pile 6 from the shut-off valve 1, the proportional valve 2 and the pressure reducing device 3 through the first pressure detecting device 4 and the safety valve 5. Wherein, the effect of each partial valve of high-flow hydrogen gas circuit does: the shutoff valve 1 is a main switch of the whole hydrogen pipeline; the proportional valve 2 can realize large-flow hydrogen supply, and the electric pile controller FCU gives a control signal to the proportional valve 2 to accurately control the hydrogen quantity entering the electric pile 6; because the stack end generally has a bearable maximum pressure value, the membrane electrode of the stack 6 can be damaged if exceeding the maximum pressure value, and because the upstream gas pressure in the pipeline of the high-flow hydrogen gas path is generally higher than the downstream gas pressure, the pressure reducing equipment 3 can be arranged to reduce the pressure, so that the pressure of the hydrogen entering the stack 6 is ensured to be within an acceptable pressure range of the stack 6; the first pressure detection device 4 collects a pressure signal and opens the safety valve 5 when the pressure is higher than the acceptable pressure range of the galvanic pile 6.
3) When the stack 6 requires maximum power output, the hydrogen injection valve and the proportional valve 2 are all opened, and the first and second pipes are simultaneously purged with hydrogen to meet the maximum hydrogen supply demand. Specifically, when the electric pile 6 needs the maximum power output, the hydrogen amount needs to be simultaneously operated by the hydrogen injection valve and the proportional valve 2 to meet the maximum hydrogen supply requirement, at this time, the duty ratio of the proportional valve 2 is opened to the maximum value, the switch valve 8 on the second pipeline is opened, and the hydrogen injection valve is opened.
A more specific description will now be given of a method of controlling a hydrogen fuel cell anode hydrogen supply system in conjunction with the actual operation of the hydrogen fuel cell anode hydrogen supply system (but this is merely an example and not a limitation): firstly, calculating the flow required by hydrogen and the pressure at the inlet of a galvanic pile 6 according to the target power of a hydrogen fuel cell, and judging whether a switch valve 8 is opened or not according to the flow of the hydrogen, wherein three conditions are respectively A1, A2 and A3; a1, opening a switching valve 8 when the hydrogen flow is smaller than a first threshold value, enabling a proportional valve PWM signal to be 0, enabling a hydrogen spraying valve group 9 to be opened, then controlling the air pressure in a second pipeline in a closed loop mode through a second pressure detection device 10+the hydrogen spraying valve group 9, opening a safety valve 5 if the detected air pressure is too high, prompting a fault, closing a shutoff valve 1 on a pile pipeline, and enabling hydrogen to normally enter a hydrogen inlet of a pile 6 from an air inlet pipeline-the second pipeline-the pile pipeline if the detected air pressure is not too high, wherein the pile 6 reacts and consumes hydrogen; a2, the hydrogen flow is medium or large, the switching valve 8 is normally closed when the hydrogen flow is larger than or equal to a first threshold value and smaller than a second threshold value, the working condition of the electric pile 6 is judged to be a loading or unloading process, a range-increasing curve table of the proportional valve 2 is adjusted when the working condition is the loading process, a range-decreasing curve table of the proportional valve 2 is adjusted when the working condition is the unloading process, the opening degree of the proportional valve 2 is controlled by adjusting PWM signals, then the air pressure in a first pipeline is controlled in a closed loop mode through a first pressure detection device 4+ proportional valve 2, if the air pressure is detected to be too high, the safety valve 5 is opened, faults are prompted, the shutoff valve 1 on the electric pile pipeline is closed, if the air pressure is not detected to be too high, the hydrogen normally enters a hydrogen inlet of the electric pile 6 from an air inlet pipeline-first pipeline-electric pile pipeline, and the electric pile 6 reacts to consume the hydrogen; a3, the hydrogen flow is very large and is larger than or equal to a second threshold value, and the target power of the hydrogen fuel cell is required to reach the maximum power or is very close to the maximum power, at the moment, the proportional valve 2 is opened to the maximum, meanwhile, the switching valve 8 is opened, the hydrogen spraying valve group 9 is opened, hydrogen enters the hydrogen inlet of the electric pile 6 from the first pipeline and the second channel-electric pile pipeline which are connected in parallel, and the electric pile 6 reacts to consume the hydrogen; finally, a hydrogen circulation pump 7 is arranged to absorb unreacted hydrogen of the electric pile 6, enter circulation, and return to the first pipeline or/and the second pipeline.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a hydrogen supply method for a hydrogen fuel cell anode, which is provided with two hydrogen transmission routes for transmitting hydrogen to a hydrogen inlet of a cell stack 6, wherein one hydrogen transmission route is a first hydrogen transmission route, and the other hydrogen transmission route is a second hydrogen transmission route; wherein, the first hydrogen transmission route is provided with a proportional valve 2, and the second hydrogen transmission route is provided with a hydrogen spraying valve group 9;
acquiring the hydrogen flow required by the target power of the electric pile 6;
and judging that the hydrogen flow required by the target power of the electric pile 6 reaches a preset range, and selecting the first hydrogen transmission route or/and the second hydrogen transmission route as a hydrogen transmission route for hydrogen entering the hydrogen inlet of the electric pile 6.
Further:
the preset range comprises a first preset range, a second preset range and a third preset range; the first preset range is smaller than the first threshold, the second preset range is larger than or equal to the first threshold and smaller than the second threshold, and the third preset range is larger than or equal to the second threshold;
judging that the hydrogen flow required by the target power of the electric pile 6 reaches a first preset range, and selecting a second hydrogen transmission route as a hydrogen transmission route for hydrogen entering a hydrogen inlet of the electric pile 6;
judging that the hydrogen flow required by the target power of the electric pile 6 reaches a second preset range, and selecting a first hydrogen transmission route as a hydrogen transmission route for hydrogen entering a hydrogen inlet of the electric pile 6;
and judging that the hydrogen flow required by the target power of the electric pile 6 reaches a third preset range, and selecting the first hydrogen transmission route and the second hydrogen transmission route as hydrogen transmission routes for hydrogen entering the hydrogen inlet of the electric pile 6.
According to the hydrogen supply method of the hydrogen fuel cell anode of the embodiment, a hydrogen fuel cell anode hydrogen supply system and a corresponding control method of the hydrogen fuel cell anode hydrogen supply system can be designed. The hydrogen fuel cell anode hydrogen supply system and the corresponding control method of the hydrogen fuel cell anode hydrogen supply system can be arranged in various ways according to practical situations, and one of the possible schemes is shown in embodiment 1.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Even if various changes are made to the present invention, it is within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents to fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The anode hydrogen supply system of the hydrogen fuel cell is characterized by comprising an air inlet pipeline, a first pipeline, a second pipeline and a pile pipeline; the input end of the air inlet pipeline is used for being communicated with an external hydrogen source, the output end of the air inlet pipeline is communicated with the input end of the first pipeline, the output end of the first pipeline is communicated with the input end of the electric pile pipeline, and the output end of the electric pile pipeline is communicated with a hydrogen inlet of an external electric pile; the first pipeline is sequentially provided with a proportional valve and pressure reducing equipment;
the second pipeline is connected in parallel with the first pipeline, and the input end and the output end of the second pipeline are respectively communicated with the output end of the air inlet pipeline and the input end of the pile pipeline; the second pipeline is sequentially provided with an on-off valve and a hydrogen spraying valve group, and the hydrogen spraying valve group comprises a plurality of hydrogen spraying valves which are connected in parallel on the second pipeline.
2. The hydrogen fuel cell anode hydrogen supply system according to claim 1, wherein a first pressure detection device is provided on the first pipe, and the first pressure detection device is provided downstream of the pressure reducing device; and/or a second pressure detection device is arranged on the second pipeline, and the second pressure detection device is arranged at the downstream of the hydrogen injection valve group.
3. The hydrogen fuel cell anode hydrogen supply system according to claim 2, wherein a safety valve is provided on the stack pipe.
4. The hydrogen supply system of claim 1, further comprising a hydrogen circulation pipe, wherein an input end of the hydrogen circulation pipe is communicated with a reaction outlet of the external electric pile, a hydrogen circulation pump is arranged on the hydrogen circulation pipe, an output end of the hydrogen circulation pipe is respectively communicated with the first pipe and the second pipe, a junction of the output end of the hydrogen circulation pipe and the first pipe is arranged at a downstream of the proportional valve, and a junction of the output end of the hydrogen circulation pipe and the second pipe is arranged at a downstream of the switch valve.
5. The hydrogen fuel cell anode hydrogen supply system according to claim 1, wherein the pressure reducing device is a reducer union, and/or a shut-off valve is provided on the intake pipe.
6. A control method of a hydrogen fuel cell anode hydrogen supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by being applied to the hydrogen fuel cell anode hydrogen supply system, comprising:
s1: obtaining the required hydrogen flow according to the target power of the electric pile;
s2: judging whether the required hydrogen flow is larger than a first threshold value, if so, entering S3, and if so, entering S4;
s3: closing the switch valve, and regulating the proportional valve according to the required hydrogen flow;
s4: and adjusting the opening degree of the proportional valve to be zero, opening the closing valve, and regulating and controlling the hydrogen spraying valve group according to the required hydrogen flow.
7. The control method of a hydrogen fuel cell anode hydrogen supply system according to claim 6, further comprising S5: opening the closing valve, and regulating the proportional valve and the hydrogen injection valve group according to the required hydrogen flow;
wherein, the S2 further includes: and when the required hydrogen flow is greater than or equal to the first threshold, judging whether the required hydrogen flow is greater than a second threshold, entering the S4 if the required hydrogen flow is smaller than the second threshold, and entering the S5 if the required hydrogen flow is greater than or equal to the second threshold.
8. The control method of the hydrogen supply system of the anode of the hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 6, characterized in that the pressure of the gas in the pipe downstream of the pressure reducing device is monitored, and the proportional valve is regulated according to the pressure of the gas in the pipe downstream of the pressure reducing device and the required hydrogen flow rate;
and/or monitoring the gas pressure in the pipeline at the downstream of the hydrogen spraying valve group, and regulating the hydrogen spraying valve group according to the gas pressure in the pipeline at the downstream of the hydrogen spraying valve group and the required hydrogen flow.
9. The hydrogen supply method of the anode of the hydrogen fuel cell is characterized by arranging two hydrogen transmission routes for transmitting hydrogen to a hydrogen inlet of a cell stack, wherein one hydrogen transmission route is a first hydrogen transmission route, and the other hydrogen transmission route is a second hydrogen transmission route; the first hydrogen conveying route is provided with a proportional valve, and the second hydrogen conveying route is provided with a hydrogen spraying valve group;
acquiring the hydrogen flow required by the electric pile target power;
and judging that the hydrogen flow required by the target power of the electric pile reaches a preset range, and selecting the first hydrogen transmission route or/and the second hydrogen transmission route as a hydrogen transmission route for hydrogen entering a hydrogen inlet of the electric pile.
10. The hydrogen supply method of a hydrogen fuel cell anode according to claim 9, wherein the preset range includes a first preset range, a second preset range, and a third preset range; the first preset range is smaller than a first threshold, the second preset range is larger than or equal to the first threshold and smaller than a second threshold, and the third preset range is larger than or equal to the second threshold;
judging that the hydrogen flow required by the target power of the electric pile reaches the first preset range, and selecting the second hydrogen transmission route as a hydrogen transmission route for hydrogen entering a hydrogen inlet of the electric pile;
judging that the hydrogen flow required by the target power of the electric pile reaches the second preset range, and selecting the first hydrogen transmission route as a hydrogen transmission route for hydrogen entering a hydrogen inlet of the electric pile;
and judging that the hydrogen flow required by the target power of the electric pile reaches the third preset range, and selecting the first hydrogen transmission route and the second hydrogen transmission route as hydrogen transmission routes for hydrogen entering the hydrogen inlet of the electric pile.
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| KR20120061653A (en) * | 2010-12-03 | 2012-06-13 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Fuel supply device and method for fuel cell system |
| CN113067013A (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2021-07-02 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | Hydrogen supply device of fuel cell system |
| CN213636057U (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-07-06 | 北京派瑞华氢能源科技有限公司 | Portable hydrogen supply device with adjustable multi-mode |
| CN115498221A (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2022-12-20 | 重庆长安新能源汽车科技有限公司 | Vehicle-mounted fuel cell air inlet pressure control method, device, equipment and medium |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR20120061653A (en) * | 2010-12-03 | 2012-06-13 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Fuel supply device and method for fuel cell system |
| CN213636057U (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-07-06 | 北京派瑞华氢能源科技有限公司 | Portable hydrogen supply device with adjustable multi-mode |
| CN113067013A (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2021-07-02 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | Hydrogen supply device of fuel cell system |
| CN115498221A (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2022-12-20 | 重庆长安新能源汽车科技有限公司 | Vehicle-mounted fuel cell air inlet pressure control method, device, equipment and medium |
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