CN117100210B - Eye parameter measurement system and measurement method - Google Patents
Eye parameter measurement system and measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
- A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
- A61B3/102—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for optical coherence tomography [OCT]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
- A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
- A61B3/107—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for determining the shape or measuring the curvature of the cornea
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of eye parameter measurement, in particular to an eye parameter measurement system and a measurement method. The system comprises: a low coherence positioning system, a high coherence measurement system, a cornea imaging system and a focusing system; the low coherence positioning system comprises a first reference arm and a first sample arm, and performs positioning based on a first interference result of the first reference arm and the first sample arm to obtain a positioning result; the high coherence measurement system comprises a second reference arm and a second sample arm, wherein the second sample arm and the first reference arm adopt the same optical path, and the positioning result is measured based on the second interference result of the first reference arm and the first sample arm to obtain a first eye parameter; the cornea imaging system is used for imaging the cornea of the eye through the focusing system, and obtaining a second eye parameter according to the imaging result. By implementing the invention, the measurement of the first eye parameter and the second eye parameter is realized, and simultaneously, the setting of the low coherence positioning system and the high coherence measuring system realizes the accurate measurement of the eye parameters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of eye parameter measurement, in particular to an eye parameter measurement system and a measurement method.
Background
Eyes are the most important sensory organs of our world, so far, myopia is one of the most common eye diseases worldwide, and myopia among teenagers is increasing. With the current popularization of electronic products such as mobile internet, tablet personal computers and mobile phones, the phenomenon of eye disease reduction is becoming serious. The current teenager myopia situation is very serious, and the prevalence of the myopia of students is always high. The length of the eye axis is a structural parameter with strong correlation with myopia formation, and many researches show that the formation of middle-height myopia is basically a direct result of the growth of the eye axis, namely, the myopia degree and the length of the eye axis have positive correlation, and the length of the eye axis is also an important basis for distinguishing true myopia from pseudomyopia.
Cataract is the first cause of blindness worldwide, the essence is that the lens loses transparency to become in a turbid state, more and more patients with cataract are cataract from the current development trend, and cataract is the first cause of blindness of the old, which seriously affects the daily life of people. With the continuous development of science and technology, cataract surgery is currently very popular ophthalmic surgery, and the surgery mode is rapidly developed, so that the cataract surgery is gradually changed from the open surgery to the refractive surgery. The accuracy of the pre-operative biometric measurement will directly relate to the accuracy of the intraoperative intraocular lens power, as well as closely to the postoperative refractive error, whereas an axial measurement error of 1mm will result in a refractive power change of about 2.5D, one of the most important contributors to the measurement of the length of the ocular axis.
In addition, the eye parameters related to the calculation of the intraocular lens power include corneal curvature, anterior depth, and the like, in addition to the length of the eye axis. Therefore, there is a great need for a measuring device that enables measurement of a variety of ocular parameters.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the embodiment of the invention provides an eye parameter measurement system and a measurement method, so as to solve the technical problem that measurement of various eye parameters cannot be realized in the prior art.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides an eye parameter measurement system, the system comprising: a low coherence positioning system, a high coherence measurement system, a cornea imaging system, a focusing system, and a visual axis alignment system; the low coherence positioning system comprises a first reference arm and a first sample arm, the low coherence positioning system is used for outputting low coherence light beams to be transmitted through the first reference arm and the first sample arm respectively, the light beams transmitted by the first sample arm are focused at different positions of eyes through the focusing system, the low coherence positioning system is used for interfering with the light beams transmitted by the first reference arm based on the reflected light beams received by the first sample arm at different positions, so as to obtain a first interference result, and positioning is performed according to the first interference result, so as to obtain a positioning result;
The high coherence measurement system comprises a second reference arm and a second sample arm, the second reference arm and the first reference arm adopt the same optical path, the high coherence measurement system is used for outputting high coherence light beams to be transmitted through the second reference arm and the second sample arm respectively, interference is carried out on the light beams transmitted by the second reference arm and the light beams transmitted by the second sample arm to obtain a second interference result, and the positioning result is measured on the basis of the second interference result to obtain a first eye parameter; the cornea imaging system is used for imaging cornea of the eye through the focusing system, and obtaining a second eye parameter according to an imaging result;
the visual axis alignment system is used for outputting an alignment beam to be focused on the cornea surface through the focusing system, receiving a second imaging result of the cornea surface and judging whether the visual axis and the optical axis are aligned;
the second eye parameter comprises a radius of corneal curvature calculated using the formula,
，
wherein,is the size of the image in the imaging result; d is the distance of the cornea imaging system from the cornea surface of the eye and β is the magnification of the cornea imaging system.
According to the eye parameter measurement system provided by the embodiment of the invention, the low coherence positioning system and the high coherence measurement system are arranged, the low coherence positioning system is used for positioning, and the high coherence measurement system is used for measuring on the basis of positioning, so that the accurate measurement of the eye parameters is realized, and the measurement precision of the whole system is improved; meanwhile, the low coherence positioning system, the high coherence measuring system, the cornea imaging system and other structures are arranged, so that the measurement of a plurality of parameters such as a first eye parameter and a second eye parameter is realized. In addition, the focusing system is used for focusing the light beam to different positions of the eyes, so that the low coherence positioning system can conveniently and specifically position the different positions of the eyes, and the signal intensity of return light reflection can be improved through focusing of the light beam, so that the intensity of interference signals in the first interference result is improved. The visual axis alignment system is arranged, so that the optical axis of the system and the visual axis of the human eye can be quickly overlapped, the true visual axis can be measured, and the measurement authenticity and accuracy are improved. By the cornea curvature radius calculation formula, the accurate measurement of the cornea curvature radius can be realized.
In an alternative embodiment, the first reference arm and the second reference arm comprise: a first coupling device, a first collimating mirror, and a variable optical path system; the first coupling device is used for coupling out the low-coherence light beam and the high-coherence light beam; the first collimating mirror is used for collimating the light beam output by the first coupling device and inputting the light beam to the variable optical path system through the focusing system; the variable optical path system is used for reflecting the light beam through the first collimating mirror and the first coupling device after changing the optical path of the input light beam.
In an alternative embodiment, the variable optical path system includes: the rotary square mirror, the cylindrical lens and the first reflecting mirror are sequentially arranged; the rotary square mirror is used for reflecting an input light beam by different optical paths and outputting the reflected light beam; the cylindrical lens is used for focusing the light beam output by the rotary square mirror and outputting the focused light beam; the first reflecting mirror is used for reflecting the light beam output by the cylindrical lens to the cylindrical lens.
In the embodiment, the optical path adjustment in the variable optical path system is realized by adopting the rotary square mirror, so that the system space can be reduced, and the range of the delay line can be effectively increased.
In an alternative embodiment, the variable optical path system further includes: and the piezoelectric motor is used for controlling the movement of the rotary square mirror and changing the optical path of the transmission light beam in the rotary square mirror.
In the embodiment, a piezoelectric motor is adopted to replace a traditional stepping motor and a servo motor to control a rotary square mirror in a variable optical path system, so that the response speed and the measurement accuracy of the system are effectively improved.
In an alternative embodiment, the first sample arm comprises: a second collimating mirror, a second reflecting mirror, a first focusing lens, a dichroic mirror, and a first half-reflecting half-lens; the second sample arm comprises an optical fiber and a reflecting film arranged on the end face of the optical fiber; the second collimating mirror is used for collimating the low-coherence light beam and outputting the low-coherence light beam; the second reflecting mirror is used for reflecting the light beam output by the second collimating mirror to the first focusing lens; the first focusing lens is used for outputting an input light beam after focusing; the dichroic mirror is used for reflecting the light beam focused by the focusing lens to the first half-reflecting half-lens; the first half-reflecting half-mirror is used for transmitting and outputting the light beam reflected by the dichroic mirror; the reflective film is used for reflecting the light beam transmitted by the optical fiber into the optical fiber.
In an alternative embodiment, the cornea imaging system includes: a target ring lighting system and an imaging system; the target ring lighting system is used for emitting a target ring-shaped light beam to be focused on the cornea of the eye through the focusing system; the imaging system is used for receiving imaging results of the cornea surface of the eye, and determining a second eye parameter according to the imaging results.
In the embodiment, the combination of the target ring lighting system and the imaging system can effectively measure parameters such as the cornea curvature radius of the eye, and a rapid measurement method is provided for the eye parameters.
In an alternative embodiment, the target ring lighting system comprises two rings of LED lamps and a second half-mirror half-lens; the imaging system comprises an imaging objective lens and a first CCD; the two circles of LED lamps are used for emitting target annular light beams; the second half-reflecting and half-transmitting lens is used for reflecting and outputting the target annular light beam, the output light beam is focused on the cornea of the eye through the focusing system, and a first imaging result of the cornea surface is transmitted to the imaging objective lens; the imaging objective is used for receiving a first imaging result and performing imaging acquisition by the first CCD.
In an alternative embodiment, the focusing system comprises a zoom disc comprising a plurality of lenses thereon for focusing the light beam at different positions of the eye.
In this embodiment, by using a zoom disc constituted by a plurality of lenses as a focusing system, a light beam can be quickly focused on different positions of the eye.
In an alternative embodiment, the visual axis alignment system includes: a light source, a second focusing lens, a third half-mirror half lens, a fourth focusing lens and a second CCD; the light source is used for outputting an alignment beam; the second focusing lens is used for outputting the focused alignment beam to the third half-reflecting half lens; the third half-reflecting semi-transparent mirror is used for outputting the focused light beam to the dichroic mirror, transmitting the focused light beam by the dichroic mirror, focusing the light beam on the surface of the cornea through the second half-reflecting semi-transparent lens and the focusing system, receiving a second imaging result of the surface of the cornea, and transmitting the second imaging result to the fourth focusing lens; and the fourth focusing lens is used for focusing the second imaging result and then carrying out imaging acquisition by the second CCD.
In an alternative embodiment, the low coherence positioning system further comprises: a low coherence light source, a second coupling means and a first detection means; the high coherence measurement system further comprises: a high coherence light source, a third coupling device and a second detection device; the low-coherence light source is used for outputting a low-coherence light beam, splitting the light beam through the second coupling device and then respectively inputting the light beam to the first reference arm and the first sample arm; the second coupling device receives the light beam transmitted by the first reference arm and the light beam transmitted by the first sample arm, interferes the light beam and outputs the light beam to the first detection device; the first detection device is used for detecting the received signal to obtain a first electric signal; the high-coherence light source is used for outputting a high-coherence light beam, splitting the high-coherence light beam through the third coupling device and then respectively inputting the high-coherence light beam to the second reference arm and the second sample arm; the third coupling device receives the light beam transmitted by the second reference arm and the light beam transmitted by the second sample arm, interferes the light beams and outputs the light beams to the second detection device; the second detection device is used for detecting the received signal to obtain a second electric signal.
A second aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides an eye parameter measurement method, which is applied to the eye parameter measurement system in any one of the first aspect and the first aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, and the method includes: obtaining positioning results when the focusing system focuses on different positions of the eye and cornea imaging results of the cornea imaging system; identifying the position of a wave crest in the positioning result; extracting data of peaks and troughs at corresponding positions in the second interference result according to the positions of the peaks to obtain first eye parameters; and calculating a second eye parameter according to the cornea imaging result.
The second eye parameter comprises a radius of corneal curvature calculated using the formula,
，
wherein,is the size of the image in the imaging result; d is the distance of the cornea imaging system from the cornea surface of the eye and β is the magnification of the cornea imaging system.
Before acquiring the positioning result when the focusing system focuses on different positions of the eye, the method further comprises: acquiring a second imaging result of the cornea surface of the visual axis alignment system; judging whether the alignment beam is positioned at the center of the cornea in the second imaging result; when not at the center of the cornea, the optical path in the eye parameter measurement system is adjusted until the alignment beam is at the center of the cornea.
In this embodiment, accurate measurement of the corneal curvature radius can be achieved by the corneal curvature radius calculation formula.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an eye parameter measurement system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an eye parameter measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a two-turn LED lamp in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a focusing system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method for measuring eye parameters according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the measurement of the radius of curvature of the cornea in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; the two components can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or can be communicated inside the two components, or can be connected wirelessly or in a wired way. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In addition, the technical features of the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
An embodiment of the present invention provides an eye parameter measurement system, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, including: a low coherence positioning system 10, a high coherence measurement system 20, a cornea imaging system 30, a focusing system 40, and a visual axis alignment system; the low coherence positioning system 10 includes a first reference arm and a first sample arm, the low coherence positioning system 10 is configured to output a low coherence beam to be transmitted through the first reference arm and the first sample arm, the beam transmitted by the first sample arm is focused at different positions of the eye by the focusing system 40, the low coherence positioning system 10 interferes with the beam transmitted by the first reference arm based on the reflected beam received by the first sample arm at the different positions, so as to obtain a first interference result, and performs positioning according to the first interference result, so as to obtain a positioning result; the high coherence measurement system 20 includes a second reference arm and a second sample arm, where the second reference arm and the first reference arm adopt a same optical path, and the high coherence measurement system 20 is configured to output high coherence light beams to be transmitted through the second reference arm and the second sample arm, and to interfere with light beams transmitted by the second reference arm and light beams transmitted by the second sample arm, so as to obtain a second interference result, and to measure the positioning result based on the second interference result, so as to obtain a first eye parameter; the cornea imaging system 30 is configured to image the cornea of the eye via the focusing system 40 and to obtain a second eye parameter based on the imaging result.
The visual axis alignment system is used for outputting an alignment beam to be focused on the cornea surface through the focusing system, receiving a second imaging result of the cornea surface and judging whether the visual axis and the optical axis are aligned;
the second eye parameter comprises a radius of corneal curvature calculated using the formula,
，
wherein,is the size of the image in the imaging result; d is the distance of the cornea imaging system from the cornea surface of the eye and β is the magnification of the cornea imaging system. Specifically, the first eye parameters include parameters such as the length of the eye axis, the thickness of the lens, and the white-to-white distance, and the second eye parameters include parameters such as the radius of curvature. During measurement, the focusing system can be respectively positioned at different positions of the eyes, so that measurement of different parameters is realized. The low-coherence light beam output by the low-coherence positioning system has poor coherence, so that the precision of interference fringes in the obtained first interference result is low, and the positioning is realized by the low-coherence positioning system. The spatial coherence and the temporal coherence of the high-coherence light beam output by the high-coherence measurement system are high, so that the accuracy of interference fringes in the obtained second interference result is high, and the second interference result can be used for accurate measurement after the first interference result is adopted for positioning. Meanwhile, a sample arm and a reference arm are respectively arranged in the low coherence positioning system and the high coherence measuring system, so that the effect of forming an interference result by adopting the Michael interference principle is realized. Wherein the Michael interference principle has better spatial coherence and thermal stability, so that the system can realize measurement of stability. In addition, the second sample arm of the high coherence measuring system and the first reference arm of the low coherence positioning system adopt the same optical path, so that the synchronism of the low coherence light beam and the high coherence light beam transmitted internally can be realized.
According to the eye parameter measurement system provided by the embodiment of the invention, the low coherence positioning system and the high coherence measurement system are arranged, the low coherence positioning system is used for positioning, and the high coherence measurement system is used for measuring on the basis of positioning, so that the accurate measurement of the eye parameters is realized, and the measurement precision of the whole system is improved; meanwhile, the low coherence positioning system, the high coherence measuring system, the cornea imaging system and other structures are arranged, so that the measurement of a plurality of parameters such as a first eye parameter and a second eye parameter is realized. In addition, the focusing system is used for focusing the light beam to different positions of the eyes, so that the low coherence positioning system can conveniently and specifically position the different positions of the eyes, and the signal intensity of return light reflection can be improved through focusing of the light beam, so that the intensity of interference signals in the first interference result is improved.
In an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the low coherence positioning system 10 further includes: a low coherence light source 11, a second coupling means 12 and a first detection means; the high coherence measurement system 20 further includes: a high coherence light source 21, a third coupling means 22 and a second detection means 23; the low coherence light source 11 is configured to output a low coherence light beam, split by the second coupling device 12, and then input to a first reference arm and a first sample arm respectively; the second coupling device 12 receives the light beam transmitted by the first reference arm, interferes with the light beam transmitted by the first sample arm, and outputs the interfered light beam to the first detection device; the first detection device is used for detecting the received signal to obtain a first electric signal; the high coherence light source 21 is configured to output a high coherence light beam, split by the third coupling device 22, and then input to a second reference arm and a second sample arm respectively; the third coupling device 22 receives the light beam transmitted by the second reference arm, interferes with the light beam transmitted by the second sample arm, and outputs the interfered light beam to the second detecting device 23; the second detecting device 23 is configured to detect the received signal, so as to obtain a second electrical signal.
In particular, the low-coherence light source includes a super-radiation light emitting diode (SLD, super Luminescent Diode), an infrared diode (IR LED, infrared Emitting Diode), a fiber light source, a halogen lamp, or the like using a partially coherent light or a light source of a wide spectrum. High coherence light sources include light sources with high spatial and temporal coherence such as semiconductor lasers, high power laser diodes, and the like. The low-coherence light beam output by the low-coherence light source is divided into two beams of light after passing through the second coupling device, and the two beams of light are transmitted through the first reference arm and the first sample arm respectively; the second coupling device can also receive the light beams returned by the first reference arm and the first sample arm; the two beams of light interfere in the second coupling device to form interference signals, and the interference signals are received by the first detection device and subjected to photoelectric conversion to form electric signals. The beam transmission mode of the high coherence measurement system is the same as that of the low coherence positioning system, and will not be described here again.
The second coupling means and the third coupling means may be optical fiber couplers. The first detection means and the second detection means may employ photodetectors. When the second coupling device adopts a 3db coupler, as shown in fig. 2, two photodetectors, namely, a first photodetector 13 and a second photodetector 14, may be disposed in the first detecting device, and the two photodetectors detect in a differential detection manner. Specifically, when the optical paths of the light beams returned by the first reference arm and the first sample arm received by the 3db coupler are equal, the 3db coupler generates two interference signals with 180 degrees of phase difference, and the two interference signals with 180 degrees of phase difference are respectively input into the two photodetectors for differential detection. Wherein the signal-to-noise ratio of the interference signal can be improved by means of differential amplification.
In an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the first reference arm and the second reference arm include: a first coupling means 25, a first collimating mirror 26 and a variable optical path system; the first coupling device 25 is configured to couple out a low coherent light beam and a high coherent light beam; the first collimating mirror 26 is configured to collimate the light beam output by the first coupling device and input the collimated light beam to the variable optical path system through the focusing system 40; the variable optical path system is used for reflecting the light beam through the first collimating mirror 26 and the first coupling device 25 after changing the optical path of the input light beam. The variable optical path system comprises the following components in sequence: a rotating square mirror 27, a cylindrical lens 28, and a first reflecting mirror 29; the rotating tetragonal mirror 27 is used for reflecting the input light beam with different optical paths and outputting the reflected light beam; the cylindrical lens 28 is used for focusing the light beam output by the rotary square mirror 27 and outputting the focused light beam; the first reflecting mirror 29 is configured to reflect the light beam output from the cylindrical lens to the cylindrical lens 28. The variable optical path system further includes: and the piezoelectric motor is used for controlling the movement of the rotary square mirror and changing the optical path of the transmission light beam in the rotary square mirror.
As shown in fig. 2, the first sample arm includes: a second collimator lens 15, a second reflecting mirror 16, a first focusing lens 17, a dichroic mirror 18, and a first half reflecting mirror 19; the second collimating mirror 15 is used for collimating the low-coherence beam and outputting the low-coherence beam; the second reflecting mirror 16 is configured to reflect the light beam output by the second collimating mirror 15 to the first focusing lens 17; the first focusing lens 17 is used for focusing the input light beam and outputting the focused light beam; the dichroic mirror 18 is configured to reflect the light beam focused by the focusing lens to the first half mirror 19; the first half mirror 19 is used to transmit the light beam reflected by the dichroic mirror 18 out. The second sample arm comprises an optical fiber and a reflective film 24 arranged on the end face of the optical fiber, said reflective film 24 being used to reflect the light beam transmitted by the optical fiber into the optical fiber.
Specifically, in the low coherence positioning system, the low coherence light source 11 outputs a low coherence light beam, which is split into reference light and probe light by the second coupling device 12, wherein the probe light enters the first sample arm, is collimated by the second collimating mirror 15, reflected by the second reflecting mirror 16, focused by the first focusing lens 17, reflected by the dichroic mirror 18, transmitted by the first half-reflecting half-lens 19, and focused by the focusing system 40, and then enters the eye, by adjusting the focusing system, the probe light can be focused to different positions of the eye, and after being reflected by the eye, the reflected light beam returns to the first sample arm, and returns to the second coupling device 12 via a path opposite to the path of the probe light. The reference light output by the second coupling device 12 enters the first reference arm, is coupled with the high-coherence light beam output by the high-coherence light source 21 in the first coupling device 25, and the coupled light beam enters the variable optical path system after being collimated by the first collimating mirror 26 and focused by the focusing system 40, and after the optical path is changed by the rotating tetragonal mirror 27 in the variable optical path system, the reference light is focused by the cylindrical lens 28 and reflected by the first reflecting mirror 29, so that the reference light is returned to the original path and enters the second coupling device 12. In the second coupling device 12, the beam returned by the first sample arm interferes with the beam returned by the first reference arm, and two interference signals 180 ° different are generated, and the two interference signals are received by two photodetectors in the first detection device for differential detection. The optical path length of the detection light reaching different positions of the eyes is different, so that a variable optical path system is arranged in the first reference arm, the optical path length of the reference light is changed, when the optical path length of the detection light is changed, the optical path lengths of the reference light are correspondingly changed, the optical paths of the reference light and the detection light are zero, the condition of interference is met, and the obtained interference signal is strongest.
In a high coherence measuring system, which works similarly to the low coherence positioning system, a high coherence light source 21 outputs a high coherence light beam, which is split into reference light and probe light by a third coupling means 22. The detection light enters the second sample arm, is transmitted by the optical fiber, is reflected to the optical fiber by the reflecting film 24 on the end face of the optical fiber, and is transmitted to the third coupling device 22 by the optical fiber; the reference light enters the second reference arm, and is optically coupled to the reference light obtained by splitting the low-coherence beam in the first coupling device 25, and the transmission direction of the coupled beam is referred to the transmission of the beam in the first reference arm, which is not described herein. The beam returned by the first reference arm or the second reference arm is split in the first coupling means into two beams, one beam entering the second coupling means and one beam entering the third coupling means 22. The light beams returned by the third coupling device 22 and the second sample arm meet each other, and after a certain condition is met, the light beams interfere with each other, and the formed interference signals are received by a photoelectric detector in the second detection device 23 and subjected to photoelectric conversion to form electric signals. The reference light entering the second reference arm changes the optical path through the variable optical path system so as to form matching with the detection light in the second sample arm, and thus the reference light and the detection light can form high-coherence interference signals in the third coupling device.
Specifically, the high coherence measurement system and the low coherence positioning system use the same reference arm, so that the two share a delay line, thereby realizing the synchronicity of the transmission signals in the first reference arm and the second reference arm. The optical path delay is carried out by adopting the rotary square mirror in the variable optical path system, so that the system space can be reduced, and the range of the delay line can be effectively increased. Meanwhile, a piezoelectric motor is adopted to replace a traditional stepping motor and a servo motor to control a rotary square mirror in the variable optical path system, so that the response speed and the measurement accuracy of the system are effectively improved. In addition, by adopting the optical fiber and the reflecting film on the end face of the optical fiber as the second sample arm, the reflecting film can realize the internal reflection of the light beam, change the transmission direction of the light beam, enhance the reflection and coupling efficiency of the optical signal and reduce the space of the light path.
In an alternative embodiment, the cornea imaging system includes: a target ring lighting system and an imaging system; the target ring lighting system is used for emitting a target ring-shaped light beam to be focused on the cornea of the eye through the focusing system; the imaging system is used for receiving imaging results of the cornea surface of the eye, and determining a second eye parameter according to the imaging results. As shown in fig. 2, the target ring lighting system comprises two rings of LED lamps 31 and a second half mirror 32; the imaging system comprises an imaging objective 33 and a first CCD34; two turns of LED lamps 31 are used to emit a target ring beam; the second half-reflecting half-lens 32 is used for reflecting the target annular light beam to output, focusing the output light beam on the cornea of the eye through the focusing system 40, and transmitting the first imaging result of the cornea surface to the imaging objective lens 33; the imaging objective 33 is configured to receive a first imaging result and perform imaging acquisition by the first CCD 34.
Specifically, the two circles of LED lamps are arranged as shown in fig. 3, and two circles of LED lamps are arranged in the target ring lighting system, light beams emitted by the two circles of LED lamps are transmitted through the second half-reflecting half-transmitting mirror and focused through the focusing system, so that two circles of light rings can be formed on the surface of a cornea. Then, an imaging objective lens in an imaging system receives an annular image formed on the surface of the cornea, a first CCD performs imaging acquisition, and a second eye parameter is calculated according to an acquired image result. Wherein, two circles of LED lamps emit light to form images on the surface of cornea, and if the eyes are normal eyes or simple myopia and hyperopia, concentric rings are formed on the surface of cornea; in the case of an astigmatic eye, concentric ellipses are formed. A simple determination of the eye state can thus also be made by the shape of the light ring.
In an alternative embodiment, the focusing system comprises a zoom disc comprising a plurality of lenses thereon for focusing the light beam at different positions of the eye. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, six lenses 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46 are disposed on the zoom disc, wherein three lenses can focus light beams on three positions of cornea, crystalline lens and retina of the eye respectively, and measurement of eye parameters at three positions is achieved by light beams reflected at three positions. The other three lenses can focus the beam on the delay line, i.e. the beam is focused in a variable optical path system, and can also adjust the intensity of the light, thereby enhancing the intensity of the subsequent interference signal. The focal lengths of the six lenses can be set according to practical situations, so that the light beam can be focused on the corresponding position. The zoom disc is formed by arranging a plurality of lenses, and the light beam can be focused to different positions of eyes only by rotating the zoom disc, so the zoom disc can be also called a quick zoom disc.
In an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the visual axis alignment system includes: a light source 61, a second focusing lens 62, a third half-mirror lens 63, a fourth focusing lens 64, and a second CCD65; the light source 61 is used for outputting an alignment beam; the second focusing lens 62 is configured to focus the alignment beam and output the focused alignment beam to the third half mirror 63; the third half-reflecting half-lens 63 is configured to output the focused light beam to the dichroic mirror 18, and after being transmitted by the dichroic mirror 18, the focused light beam passes through the second half-reflecting half-lens 19 and the focusing system 40 and is focused on the surface of the cornea, and the third half-reflecting half-lens 63 is configured to receive a second imaging result of the surface of the cornea and transmit the second imaging result to the fourth focusing lens 64; the fourth focusing lens 64 is used for focusing the second imaging result and then performing imaging acquisition by the second CCD 65.
Specifically, the visual axis alignment system is used for judging whether the visual axis and the optical axis are aligned, namely, whether the light beams output by the low coherence positioning system and the cornea imaging system can enter the eyeball along the main visual axis of the eye ball. Wherein, the light source can adopt an LED light source, the wavelength of the LED light source can be matched with the transmission wavelength of the dichroic mirror, for example, the dichroic mirror can transmit blue light, and then the LED light source can adopt a blue light LED light source. Blue light is output by the blue light LED light source, focused by the second focusing lens, reflected by the third half-reflecting mirror, transmitted by the dichroic mirror, transmitted by the second half-reflecting mirror and focused by the focusing system, and then focused on the cornea surface. After cornea reflection, the imaging is carried out on the second CCD after passing through the second half-reflecting half-lens, the dichroic mirror, the third half-reflecting half-mirror and the fourth focusing lens in sequence. By observing the imaging result of blue light on the cornea collected by the second CCD, the alignment of the visual axis and the optical axis can be preliminarily determined by judging the relative positions of the blue light spot and the pupil, and the light spot and the pupil center coincide. Specifically, in alignment detection, a light spot is projected onto the anterior surface of the eye, where the reflection passes through the cornea, lens and other ocular structures and forms a reflected image at the pupil center, which when the light spot and pupil center coincide, indicates that light passes through the principal visual axis of the eyeball, i.e., light enters the eyeball along the eye axis.
Among these, the dichroic mirror in this embodiment may be selected as a dichroic mirror, i.e., a mirror having significantly different reflection or transmission characteristics at two different wavelengths. In particular, in this embodiment, the dichroic mirror is capable of transmitting blue light and reflecting near infrared probe light. I.e. the light beam output by the low coherence light source may be near infrared light. Because the biological tissue spectrum absorption diagram shows that the biological tissue in the near infrared region has smaller absorption of light, more light passes through different tissues of the eyeball to reach different interfaces by adopting near infrared light energy; and the near infrared light is invisible light of human eyes, so that the stimulation to the human eyes can be avoided to change the intraocular parameters, and the measurement result is more accurate.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an eye parameter measurement method, as shown in fig. 5, which is applied to the eye parameter measurement system of the above embodiment, and the method comprises the following steps:
step S101, obtaining a positioning result when a focusing system focuses on different positions of an eye and a cornea imaging result of a cornea imaging system; specifically, when the detection light output by the low-coherence light beam is focused at different positions of the eye through the lens in the focusing system, different interference signals can be formed by interference of the reflected light at the different positions of the eye and the reference light, and the positioning results corresponding to the different interference signals can be formed by adopting the detection of the two differential detectors in the first detection device.
Step S102, identifying the position of a wave crest in the positioning result; specifically, the positioning result is obtained by processing the interference signal, so that different interference signal peaks appear in the positioning result obtained by detecting different positions, and the positions of specific parameters are determined through the realized interference signal peaks or wave peaks. For example, for the detection of the cornea and retina of the eye, positioning of the length of the eye axis can be achieved.
Step S103, extracting data of peaks and troughs at corresponding positions in the second interference result according to the positions of the peaks, and obtaining first eye parameters. In particular, since the positioning result is obtained by a low coherence beam, the interference effect is more pronounced the higher the coherence, and vice versa. Therefore, the interference signal peak in the positioning result is not obvious, and the parameters of the corresponding position cannot be accurately measured. Therefore, after the positioning result is obtained by adopting the low-coherence positioning system, the measurement of the eye parameter is specifically realized based on the second interference result obtained by the high-coherence measurement system. The second interference result includes a uniform high-dry signal similar to a sine wave, so that after the peak position is determined by using the positioning result, the number of peaks and troughs of the sine signal included between any two interference peaks can be calculated, and the parameter data of the eyes can be calculated.
Step S104, calculating a second eye parameter according to the cornea imaging result. The second eye parameter comprises a radius of corneal curvature calculated using the formula,
，
wherein,is the size of the image in the imaging result; d is the cornea imaging system to the cornea surface of the eyeThe distance of the facets, β, is the magnification of the cornea imaging system and is a constant.
In the cornea imaging system, the first CCD can realize imaging acquisition of cornea, specifically, as shown in FIG. 6, the middle surface of cornea of eye is equivalent to a convex lens, so that the LED target ring with the height of y forms an upright y' virtual image on the surface of cornea, and the image is projected by the imaging objective lens AB and then imaged on the CCD to form an inverted real image. In fig. 6, R represents the eye diameter, and x represents the distance from the cornea to the front surface of the eye. The inverted real image may be determined by image processing or the like by imaging the result of acquisition of the first CCD. The distance d can be obtained by the interference signal of the second half-reflecting half-lens in the middle of the LED lamp and the cornea surface of the eye, wherein the interference signal of the cornea surface of the eye, namely, the reflection signal of the cornea surface is formed when the low-coherence positioning system output light beam is focused on the cornea surface. When determining the size of the inverted real image +. >And after the distance d, substituting the formula to determine the cornea curvature radius.
In an alternative embodiment, before obtaining the positioning result when the focusing system focuses on different positions of the eye, the method further comprises: acquiring a second imaging result of the cornea surface of the visual axis alignment system; judging whether the alignment beam is positioned at the center of the cornea in the second imaging result; when not at the center of the cornea, the optical path in the eye parameter measurement system is adjusted until the alignment beam is at the center of the cornea. Specifically, the visual axis alignment system is utilized to enable the system optical axis to be matched with the visual axis of the human eye, a tested person can see a blue visible light spot output by a blue LED light source of the visual axis alignment system, the eye position is adjusted, the second CCD can monitor the position of the blue light spot in the human eye in real time, and if the light spot can be seen in the center of cornea of the human eye in the second CCD, the optical axis is basically matched with the visual axis.
In an alternative embodiment, the eye parameter measurement method may be implemented by the following procedure:
1. the light source output beam in the visual axis alignment system is focused by the second focusing lens, reflected by the third half-reflecting half-transmitting mirror, transmitted by the second half-reflecting half-transmitting mirror and focused on the cornea surface by the focusing system. After cornea reflection, the imaging is carried out on the second CCD after passing through the second half-reflecting half-lens, the dichroic mirror, the third half-reflecting half-mirror and the fourth focusing lens in sequence. By observing the imaging result of the light beam on the cornea collected by the second CCD, by judging the relative positions of the light beam and the pupil, when the light beam and the pupil center are coincident, the alignment of the visual axis and the optical axis is judged.
2. The low coherence light source in the low coherence positioning system outputs a low coherence light beam, the low coherence light beam is divided into reference light and detection light through the second coupling device, meanwhile, the high coherence light source in the high coherence measuring system outputs a high coherence light beam, the high coherence light beam is divided into reference light and detection light through the third coupling device, the two reference light beams are optically coupled into the first reference arm for optical path adjustment, the detection light output by the second coupling device is focused to different positions of eyes through the first sample arm, and the reflected light beams at different positions of the eyes interfere with the light beams returned by the first reference arm, so that the positioning of parameters at different positions is realized; the detection light output by the third coupling device is returned by the second sample arm and interferes with the light beam returned by the first reference arm, and the measurement of the eye parameters is realized through the interference result and the positioning result of the parameters.
3. A target ring light-emitting system in the cornea imaging system emits a target ring light beam which is focused on the cornea of the eye through a focusing system; an imaging system in the cornea imaging system receives the imaging of the cornea surface of the eye and determines a second eye parameter based on the imaging.
Although the exemplary embodiments and their advantages have been described in detail, those skilled in the art may make various changes, substitutions and alterations to these embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention and the scope of protection as defined by the appended claims. For other examples, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that the order of the process steps may be varied while remaining within the scope of the present invention.
Furthermore, the scope of the present application is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments of the process, machine, manufacture, composition of matter, means, methods and steps described in the specification. From the present disclosure, it will be readily understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps, presently existing or later to be developed that perform substantially the same function or achieve substantially the same result as the corresponding embodiments described herein may be utilized according to the present disclosure. Accordingly, the appended claims are intended to include within their scope such processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps.
Claims (10)
1. An eye parameter measurement system, the system comprising: a low coherence positioning system, a high coherence measurement system, a cornea imaging system, a focusing system, and a visual axis alignment system;
the low coherence positioning system comprises a first reference arm and a first sample arm, the low coherence positioning system is used for outputting low coherence light beams to be transmitted through the first reference arm and the first sample arm respectively, the light beams transmitted by the first sample arm are focused at different positions of eyes through the focusing system, the low coherence positioning system is used for interfering with the light beams transmitted by the first reference arm based on the reflected light beams received by the first sample arm at different positions, so as to obtain a first interference result, and positioning is performed according to the first interference result, so as to obtain a positioning result;
The high coherence measurement system comprises a second reference arm and a second sample arm, the second reference arm and the first reference arm adopt the same optical path, the high coherence measurement system is used for outputting high coherence light beams to be transmitted through the second reference arm and the second sample arm respectively, interference is carried out on the light beams transmitted by the second reference arm and the light beams transmitted by the second sample arm to obtain a second interference result, and the positioning result is measured on the basis of the second interference result to obtain a first eye parameter;
the cornea imaging system is used for imaging cornea of the eye through the focusing system, and obtaining a second eye parameter according to an imaging result;
the visual axis alignment system is used for outputting an alignment beam to be focused on the cornea surface through the focusing system, receiving a second imaging result of the cornea surface and judging whether the visual axis and the optical axis are aligned;
the second eye parameter comprises a radius of corneal curvature calculated using the formula,
，
wherein,is the size of the image in the imaging result; d is the distance from the cornea imaging system to the cornea surface of the eye, and β is the magnification of the cornea imaging system;
the first reference arm and the second reference arm include: a first coupling device, a first collimating mirror, and a variable optical path system;
The first coupling device is used for coupling out the low-coherence light beam and the high-coherence light beam;
the first collimating mirror is used for collimating the light beam output by the first coupling device and inputting the light beam to the variable optical path system through the focusing system;
the variable optical path system is used for reflecting the light beam through the first collimating mirror and the first coupling device after changing the optical path of the input light beam.
2. The eye parameter measurement system according to claim 1, wherein the variable optical path system comprises: the rotary square mirror, the cylindrical lens and the first reflecting mirror are sequentially arranged;
the rotary square mirror is used for reflecting an input light beam by different optical paths and outputting the reflected light beam;
the cylindrical lens is used for focusing the light beam output by the rotary square mirror and outputting the focused light beam;
the first reflecting mirror is used for reflecting the light beam output by the cylindrical lens to the cylindrical lens.
3. The eye parameter measurement system according to claim 2, wherein the variable optical path system further comprises: and the piezoelectric motor is used for controlling the movement of the rotary square mirror and changing the optical path of the transmission light beam in the rotary square mirror.
4. The eye parameter measurement system according to claim 1, wherein the first sample arm comprises: a second collimating mirror, a second reflecting mirror, a first focusing lens, a dichroic mirror, and a first half-reflecting half-lens; the second sample arm comprises an optical fiber and a reflecting film arranged on the end face of the optical fiber;
The second collimating mirror is used for collimating the low-coherence light beam and outputting the low-coherence light beam;
the second reflecting mirror is used for reflecting the light beam output by the second collimating mirror to the first focusing lens;
the first focusing lens is used for outputting an input light beam after focusing;
the dichroic mirror is used for reflecting the light beam focused by the focusing lens to the first half-reflecting half-lens;
the first half-reflecting half-mirror is used for transmitting and outputting the light beam reflected by the dichroic mirror;
the reflective film is used for reflecting the light beam transmitted by the optical fiber into the optical fiber.
5. The eye parameter measurement system according to claim 1, wherein the cornea imaging system comprises: a target ring lighting system and an imaging system;
the target ring lighting system is used for emitting a target ring-shaped light beam to be focused on the cornea of the eye through the focusing system;
the imaging system is used for receiving imaging results of the cornea surface of the eye, and determining a second eye parameter according to the imaging results.
6. The eye parameter measurement system according to claim 5, wherein the target ring lighting system comprises two rings of LED lamps and a second half-mirror lens; the imaging system comprises an imaging objective lens and a first CCD;
The two circles of LED lamps are used for emitting target annular light beams;
the second half-reflecting and half-transmitting lens is used for reflecting and outputting the target annular light beam, the output light beam is focused on the cornea of the eye through the focusing system, and a first imaging result of the cornea surface is transmitted to the imaging objective lens;
the imaging objective is used for receiving a first imaging result and performing imaging acquisition by the first CCD.
7. The eye parameter measurement system according to claim 1, wherein the focusing system comprises a zoom disc comprising a plurality of lenses thereon for focusing the light beam at different positions of the eye.
8. The eye parameter measurement system according to claim 4, wherein the visual axis alignment system comprises: a light source, a second focusing lens, a third half-mirror half lens, a fourth focusing lens and a second CCD;
the light source is used for outputting an alignment beam;
the second focusing lens is used for outputting the focused alignment beam to the third half-reflecting half lens;
the third half-reflecting semi-transparent mirror is used for outputting the focused light beam to the dichroic mirror, transmitting the focused light beam by the dichroic mirror, focusing the light beam on the surface of the cornea through the second half-reflecting semi-transparent lens and the focusing system, receiving a second imaging result of the surface of the cornea, and transmitting the second imaging result to the fourth focusing lens;
And the fourth focusing lens is used for focusing the second imaging result and then carrying out imaging acquisition by the second CCD.
9. The eye parameter measurement system according to claim 1, wherein the low coherence positioning system further comprises: a low coherence light source, a second coupling means and a first detection means; the high coherence measurement system further comprises: a high coherence light source, a third coupling device and a second detection device;
the low-coherence light source is used for outputting a low-coherence light beam, splitting the light beam through the second coupling device and then respectively inputting the light beam to the first reference arm and the first sample arm;
the second coupling device receives the light beam transmitted by the first reference arm and the light beam transmitted by the first sample arm, interferes the light beam and outputs the light beam to the first detection device;
the first detection device is used for detecting the received signal to obtain a first electric signal;
the high-coherence light source is used for outputting a high-coherence light beam, splitting the high-coherence light beam through the third coupling device and then respectively inputting the high-coherence light beam to the second reference arm and the second sample arm;
the third coupling device receives the light beam transmitted by the second reference arm and the light beam transmitted by the second sample arm, interferes the light beams and outputs the light beams to the second detection device;
The second detection device is used for detecting the received signal to obtain a second electric signal.
10. An eye parameter measurement method, characterized in that it is applied to the eye parameter measurement system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the method comprising:
obtaining positioning results when the focusing system focuses on different positions of the eye and cornea imaging results of the cornea imaging system;
identifying the position of a wave crest in the positioning result;
extracting data of peaks and troughs at corresponding positions in the second interference result according to the positions of the peaks to obtain first eye parameters;
calculating a second eye parameter from the cornea imaging result;
the second eye parameter comprises a radius of corneal curvature calculated using the formula,
，
wherein,is the size of the image in the imaging result; d is the distance from the cornea imaging system to the cornea surface of the eye, and β is the magnification of the cornea imaging system;
before acquiring the positioning result when the focusing system focuses on different positions of the eye, the method further comprises:
acquiring a second imaging result of the cornea surface of the visual axis alignment system;
judging whether the alignment beam is positioned at the center of the cornea in the second imaging result;
When not at the center of the cornea, the optical path in the eye parameter measurement system is adjusted until the alignment beam is at the center of the cornea.
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