CN116759795B - All-sky meteor radar transmitting antenna system - Google Patents
All-sky meteor radar transmitting antenna system Download PDFInfo
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- CN116759795B CN116759795B CN202311009481.8A CN202311009481A CN116759795B CN 116759795 B CN116759795 B CN 116759795B CN 202311009481 A CN202311009481 A CN 202311009481A CN 116759795 B CN116759795 B CN 116759795B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/364—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith using a particular conducting material, e.g. superconductor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/18—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/28—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements
- H01Q19/30—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements the primary active element being centre-fed and substantially straight, e.g. Yagi antenna
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/29—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
Abstract
The application belongs to the technical field of radars, in particular relates to a transmitting antenna system of an all-sky meteor radar, and aims to solve the problem that an antenna gain direction is not matched with an actual meteor distribution pattern during detection of an existing radar. The system comprises: a central antenna, a ring-shaped reflection net and a transmitter; the transmitter comprises a radio frequency signal amplifier, a synthesizer and a power divider; the central antenna comprises an upper layer oscillator and a lower layer oscillator, wherein the upper layer oscillator and the lower layer oscillator are orthogonally fixed and are aligned in center; two paths of vibrators orthogonally fixed in the upper vibrator are of rectangular structures, and the length of the long side of each rectangular structure is equal to half of the working wavelength of the all-sky meteor radar; the vibrator length of the lower layer array is longer than half of the working wavelength of the all-sky meteor radar; the distance between the upper vibrator and the lower vibrator is one quarter wavelength of the whole sky meteor radar; the annular reflection net is arranged on the periphery of the central antenna. The method solves the problem of mismatching of the gain pattern of the radar transmitting antenna and the meteor detection distribution pattern.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of radars, and particularly relates to an all-sky meteor radar transmitting antenna system.
Background
The middle-high atmosphere refers to an atmosphere area within a range of about 60-120 km from the ground. The parameters such as wind, temperature, humidity, pressure and the like in the area are extremely important for rocket launching and manned aerospace return activities, so that the area is a key transition area of related aerospace activities. However, the middle and high-level atmospheres are too high relative to the low-level atmospheres to be detected by conventional means such as sounding balloons. The height of the middle-high-level atmosphere is too low compared with the satellite orbit, and the low-orbit satellite is difficult to be adopted for in-orbit detection.
Hundreds of millions of meteorons enter the earth's atmosphere every day, and molecules on the surface of the meteorons collide with atmospheric molecules when the meteorons enter the earth's upper atmosphere to generate high temperature to ablate and ionize the meteorons, and a section of thin and long high-density plasma column, namely meteorons trail, is left on an operation track in the atmosphere. Meteor trails have a scattering effect on the transmitted radio waves and reflect some of the energy back to the radar's receiving antenna, so that detecting a meteor backscatter signal means detecting a meteor. The all-sky meteor radar estimates the speed of meteor wake in the sight direction by transmitting radio waves of wide wave beams and utilizing the Doppler frequency shift speed of the returned radio signals, obtains the arrival angle of the reflected echo by combining multi-channel interference, and further fits and calculates to obtain a middle-high-level atmosphere background wind field of the meteor occurrence area, as shown in fig. 3. At present, meteor radar has become a very important medium-high level aerodynamic detection means.
All-sky meteor radar detects meteor that is approximately evenly distributed in the azimuth direction (i.e., all sky) throughout the day. However, the distribution of meteorologic is not uniform in the zenith angle direction. As shown in fig. 4, there are many sparse/empty regions in the meteor distribution map. Fig. 5 shows the distribution of the number of meteorons detected in a certain station in one year along with zenith angles, wherein the number of meteorons is more in the range of the zenith angles of plus or minus (20-70 degrees), and the number of meteorons is less in the range of the zenith angles of plus or minus 20 degrees.
The pattern of a generally employed meteor radar transmitting antenna is shown in fig. 6. The gain of the all-sky meteor radar antenna is distributed uniformly within the range of +/-60 degrees. The transmit antenna gain drops dramatically above the + -60 deg. zenith angle. As can be seen from fig. 5 and 6, the zenith angle direction distribution of the gain of the all-sky meteor radar transmitting antenna is inconsistent with the zenith angle direction distribution of the actually observed meteor, especially in the range of +/-20 ° of the zenith angle, the actually detected meteor number only accounts for about 1% of the total meteor number, but in the zenith angle range, the radiation gain of the all-sky meteor radar antenna is higher, i.e. a large amount of radar power is wasted in the area, so that it is necessary to reduce the antenna gain in the area and improve the antenna gain in other areas.
The method for detecting the number of meteorons is extremely important to calculating middle and high-rise atmospheric wind fields. In order to obtain more meteor detection quantity, on one hand, the transmitting power can be increased, and on the other hand, the antenna form can be improved, for example, the SAAMER radar of Argentina in south America adopts 8 antennas to form an antenna array, so that the gain of the synthetic pattern of the meteor radar in the area of the zenith (+/-) (30-60 degrees) is strongest. However, the power consumption and complexity of the system are greatly increased by increasing the transmitting power or the number of transmitting antennas, and the problem that the transmitting antenna pattern is not matched with the meteor detection distribution is not solved from the source technology.
At present, tens of meteor radars are operated in global construction, and the problem that the gain pattern of a radar antenna is not matched with a meteor detection distribution pattern exists in the current meteor radars. That is, there is currently a lack of an all-sky meteor radar transmitting antenna whose antenna gain pattern distribution matches the actual detected meteor pattern. Based on the above, the application provides an all-sky meteor radar transmitting antenna system.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, that is, in order to solve the problem that the antenna gain direction is not matched with the actual detected meteor distribution pattern in the detection process of the existing radar, the first aspect of the present application provides an all-sky meteor radar transmitting antenna system, which comprises: a central antenna, a ring-shaped reflection net and a transmitter; the transmitter comprises a radio frequency signal amplifier, a synthesizer and a power divider; the center antenna comprises an upper layer oscillator and a lower layer oscillator, wherein the upper layer oscillator and the lower layer oscillator comprise 2 paths of oscillators which are orthogonal, and the centers of the upper layer oscillator and the lower layer oscillator are aligned;
the radio frequency signal amplifier is a multi-channel signal amplifier; the radio frequency signal amplifier is used for generating multiple paths of radio frequency signals; the synthesizer is used for synthesizing the multipath radio frequency signals into a single path high power radio frequency signal; the power divider is used for dividing the single-path high-power radio frequency signal into two paths of high-power signals with the same amplitude and phase, and the two paths of high-power signals are respectively sent to the upper vibrator through cables connected with the two paths of high-power signals;
the lengths of the cables connected with the two paths of high-power signals are equal, and one path of cable is connected with a 1/4 wavelength phase shifting cable in series, so that the two paths of high-power signals with the same phase originally generate a 90-degree phase difference when reaching the upper vibrator and become orthogonal input signals;
two paths of vibrators orthogonally fixed in the upper vibrator are of rectangular structures, and the length of the long side of each rectangular structure is equal to half of the working wavelength of the all-sky meteor radar; the vibrator length of the lower layer array is longer than half of the working wavelength of the all-sky meteor radar; the distance between the upper vibrator and the lower vibrator is one quarter wavelength of the all-sky meteor radar;
the upper vibrator is a driver of the all-sky meteor radar transmitting antenna and is used for radiating the orthogonal input signals to the periphery; the lower vibrator is a reflector of the all-sky-space radar transmitting antenna; the central antenna determines the main body shape of the directional diagram of the all-sky-meteor radar transmitting antenna;
the annular reflection net is arranged on the periphery of the central antenna; the annular reflection net is used for correcting the shape of the pattern of the all-sky meteor radar transmitting antenna.
In some preferred embodiments, the two-way element orthogonally fixed in the upper layer element is a yagi antenna element.
In some preferred embodiments, the lower edge of the upper vibrator orthogonal part is connected with a matcher, and the matcher is connected with the transmitter through two paths of cables.
In some preferred embodiments, the upper vibrator and the lower vibrator are both orthogonally fixed on a support rod; the support rod is vertically arranged on the ground.
In some preferred embodiments, the vibrator, the support rod, and the annular reflecting net in the central antenna are all made based on a metal material, wherein the metal material is stainless steel or aluminum alloy.
In some preferred embodiments, after the dimensional parameters of the annular reflecting network are matched and calibrated with the central antenna, the gain near the zenith of the directional diagram of the all-sky-space-flow radar transmitting antenna can be reduced, the gain deviating from the zenith area is increased, and the dimensional parameters comprise height and radius; the method comprises the following steps:
the radius of the annular reflecting net plays a main role in correcting the directional diagram; when the radius of the annular reflection net is equal to the working wavelength of the all-sky meteor radar, the antenna gain in the central area of the directional diagram is most obviously reduced; when the radius of the annular reflecting net is increased or reduced, the antenna gain reducing effect of the central area of the directional diagram is deteriorated, and even the gain is higher than that before the annular reflecting net is not applied; the central area of the directional diagram is within the range of zenith angle +/-20 degrees;
the height of the annular reflecting net plays a role in fine adjustment of the directional diagram; when the height of the annular reflection net is in a first height range, the antenna gain in the central area of the directional diagram is most obviously reduced and the antenna gain in the zenith angle (20-90 degrees) is increased, and if the height of the annular reflection net is lower than H1, the antenna gain in the central area of the directional diagram is less reduced; if the height of the annular reflection net is higher than 1/4 of the working wavelength of the all-sky meteor radar, signals of the all-sky meteor radar transmitting antenna are shielded, the antenna gain in the range of the zenith angle (50-90 ℃) in the directional diagram is obviously reduced, and the detection effect of the all-sky meteor radar is adversely affected;
wherein, the first height range h is: h1 is less than H < H2, H2 is 1/4 of the working wavelength of the all-sky meteor radar, H1 is H2-N% H2, and N is a set constant;
i.e. the radius of the annular reflecting net is equal to the working wavelength of the all-sky-space radar, and the height of the annular reflecting net is H1< H < H2.
In some preferred embodiments, the number of channels of the radio frequency signal amplifier is an even number.
The application has the beneficial effects that:
the method solves the problem of mismatching of the gain pattern of the radar transmitting antenna and the meteor detection distribution pattern, and improves the detection efficiency of the all-sky meteor radar.
The all-sky meteor radar transmitting antenna system consists of two layers of vibrators which are orthogonally fixed and are aligned in center, an annular reflecting net and a transmitter. The antenna element size is carefully adjusted, so that the transmitting antenna gain pattern is uniformly distributed in the azimuth direction, the gain is higher in the zenith angle direction (+/-) (20-70 ℃), the gains of other angles are lower, the problem of mismatching of the transmitting antenna gain pattern and the meteor detection distribution pattern of the all-sky meteor radar is solved, and the detection efficiency of the all-sky meteor radar is improved.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the frame of an all-sky-meteor radar transmitting antenna system of one embodiment of the application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a specific structure of an all-sky-meteor radar transmitting antenna system according to an embodiment of the present application; fig. 2 (a) is an oblique top view of an all-sky-meteor radar transmitting antenna system; fig. 2 (b) is a front view of the all-sky-meteor radar transmitting antenna system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a mid-to-high atmospheric wind farm for all-sky-flow-star-radar detection according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the meteor space distribution of an all-sky meteor radar detection of one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of detected meteor numbers over zenith angles in accordance with one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the gain pattern (zenith direction) of a common transmit antenna for an all-sky-star radar according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a radiation gain pattern of a meteor radar incorporating different components in accordance with one embodiment of the present application; fig. 7 (a) shows a gain pattern of a single-channel center antenna; fig. 7 (b) is a gain pattern synthesized by the dual-channel center antenna; fig. 7 (c) is a gain pattern of the combination of the dual-channel center antenna and the peripheral reflection net;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the number of meteor probes and the distribution of antenna patterns with zenith angle for one embodiment of the present application; fig. 8 (a) is a schematic diagram showing the number of meteorons detected in one day; fig. 8 (b) is a schematic diagram of the gain distribution of a conventional meteor radar antenna along with zenith angles; fig. 8 (c) is a schematic diagram showing the gain versus zenith angle distribution of the all-sky-flow-star-radar antenna of the present application.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
The application is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the application and are not limiting of the application. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only the portions related to the present application are shown in the drawings.
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
An all-sky meteor radar transmitting antenna system according to a first embodiment of the present application includes: a central antenna, a ring-shaped reflection net and a transmitter; the transmitter comprises a radio frequency signal amplifier, a synthesizer and a power divider; the center antenna comprises an upper layer oscillator and a lower layer oscillator, wherein the upper layer oscillator and the lower layer oscillator comprise 2 paths of oscillators which are orthogonal, and the centers of the upper layer oscillator and the lower layer oscillator are aligned;
the radio frequency signal amplifier consists of a power amplification module for setting a plurality of channels; the radio frequency signal amplifier is used for generating multiple paths of radio frequency signals; the synthesizer is used for synthesizing the multipath radio frequency signals into a single path high power radio frequency signal; the power divider is used for dividing the single-path high-power radio frequency signal into two paths of high-power signals with the same amplitude and phase, and the two paths of high-power signals are respectively sent to the upper vibrator through cables connected with the two paths of high-power signals;
the lengths of the cables connected with the two paths of high-power signals are equal, and one path of cable is connected with a 1/4 wavelength phase shifting cable in series, so that the two paths of high-power signals with the same phase originally generate a 90-degree phase difference when reaching the upper vibrator and become orthogonal input signals;
two paths of vibrators orthogonally fixed in the upper vibrator are of rectangular structures, and the length of the long side of each rectangular structure is equal to half of the working wavelength of the all-sky meteor radar; the vibrator length of the lower layer array is longer than half of the working wavelength of the all-sky meteor radar; the distance between the upper vibrator and the lower vibrator is one quarter wavelength of the all-sky meteor radar;
the upper vibrator is a driver of the all-sky meteor radar transmitting antenna and is used for radiating the orthogonal input signals to the periphery; the lower vibrator is a reflector of the all-sky-space radar transmitting antenna; the central antenna determines the main body shape of the directional diagram of the all-sky-meteor radar transmitting antenna;
the annular reflection net is arranged on the periphery of the central antenna; the annular reflection net is used for correcting the shape of the pattern of the all-sky meteor radar transmitting antenna.
In order to more clearly describe an all-sky-flow-star-radar transmitting antenna according to the present application, the modules in one embodiment of the method according to the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The gain of the traditional all-sky meteor radar transmitting antenna is uniform within the range of the zenith angle plus or minus 60 degrees, the actual meteor detection distribution is mainly within the range of the zenith angle plus or minus (20-70 degrees), and the meteor detection within the range of plus or minus 20 degrees is very few. That is, there is currently a lack of an all-sky meteor radar transmitting antenna whose antenna gain profile matches the actual detected meteor profile. The application provides an all-sky meteor radar transmitting antenna which consists of a central double-channel orthogonal 2-unit antenna oscillator and a surrounding annular reflecting net. The antenna element size is carefully adjusted, so that the transmitting antenna gain pattern is uniformly distributed in the azimuth direction, the gain is higher in the zenith angle direction (+/-) (20-70 ℃), the gains of other angles are lower, the problem of mismatching of the transmitting antenna gain pattern and the meteor detection distribution pattern of the all-sky meteor radar is solved, and the detection efficiency of the all-sky meteor radar is improved. The method comprises the following steps:
the application provides an all-sky meteor radar transmitting antenna system, as shown in fig. 1, comprising: a central antenna, a ring-shaped reflection net and a transmitter;
the transmitter comprises a radio frequency signal amplifier (i.e. the amplifier in fig. 1), a synthesizer and a power divider;
the radio frequency signal amplifier is composed of multichannel signal amplifiers (the number of the channels is preferably even 2M, such as 6 and 8) and is used for generating multichannel radio frequency signals, and the power generated by each channel is P1; the synthesizer is used for synthesizing the multipath radio frequency signals into a single path of high power radio frequency signals, the power after synthesis is P1 x 2M under ideal conditions, the power divider is used for dividing the single path of high power radio frequency signals into two paths of high power signals with the same amplitude and phase, and the power of each path of high power signals after power division is P1 x M under ideal conditions. Two paths of high-power signals are respectively transmitted to the upper vibrator through cables connected with the two paths of high-power signals; the signal amplification mode adopting multichannel power amplification, power synthesis and re-power distribution has the advantage that the amplitude and phase consistency of the finally generated two paths of power signals are good. Even if the amplitude and the phase of the radio frequency signals output by the multi-path power amplification module of the radio frequency amplifier are different (such as power reduction or failure), the amplitude and the phase of the two paths of high-power signals output after synthesis and redistribution have high consistency;
the lengths of the cables (such as the outdoor cable in fig. 1) for connecting the two paths of high-power signals are equal, wherein one path of the cables is connected with a 1/4 wavelength phase shifting cable in series, and the phase shifting cable is connected with the two paths of high-power signals with the same phase in series, so that 90-degree phase difference is generated when the two paths of high-power signals reach the upper vibrator, and the two paths of high-power signals become orthogonal input signals;
the central antenna comprises an upper layer oscillator and a lower layer oscillator (namely a central double-channel orthogonal two-unit (two-way) antenna oscillator), wherein the upper layer oscillator and the lower layer oscillator are orthogonally fixed and are aligned in center (namely the upper layer oscillator and the lower layer oscillator both comprise 2 paths of orthogonal oscillators, the upper layer oscillator is aligned with the center of the lower layer oscillator), and the upper layer oscillator and the lower layer oscillator are orthogonally fixed on a supporting rod; the support rod is vertically arranged on the ground; as shown in fig. 2;
the upper layer oscillator is a main oscillator of the all-sky-meteor radar transmitting antenna (the central antenna and the arc reflecting net form the all-sky-meteor radar transmitting antenna as a whole), two oscillators which are orthogonally fixed in the upper layer oscillator are preferably yagi antenna oscillators, the two oscillators have the same size, as shown in (a) of fig. 2 and are all rectangular structures, and the length of the long side of each rectangular structure is equal to half of the working wavelength of the all-sky-meteor radar; the lower edge of the orthogonal part of the upper vibrator is connected with a matcher, and the matcher is connected with a transmitter through two paths of cables, as shown in (b) in fig. 2; the upper vibrator is used for synthesizing the orthogonal input signals into a directional diagram of the all-sky meteor radar transmitting antenna; the all-sky meteor radar transmitting antenna is the central antenna;
the two paths of oscillators orthogonally fixed in the lower layer oscillator have the same size, and the oscillator length of the lower layer oscillator is longer than half of the working wavelength of the all-sky meteor radar (generally slightly longer than half of the working wavelength of the all-sky meteor radar, and specific numbers are set according to actual conditions); the lower vibrator is a reflector of the transmitting antenna and is used for weakening the electric wave transmitted from the direction of the main vibrator so as to enable main energy to be emitted upwards;
the distance between the upper vibrator and the lower vibrator is one quarter wavelength of the whole sky meteor radar.
An annular reflecting net (preferably a circular reflecting net) is arranged at the periphery of the central antenna; the annular reflection net is used for correcting the shape of the directional diagram of the all-sky meteor radar transmitting antenna. After the height, radius and other dimensions are matched and calibrated with the central orthogonal yagi antenna (namely the central antenna), the gain near the zenith of the meteor radar transmitting antenna direction diagram can be reduced, and the gain deviating from the zenith area is increased. The method comprises the following steps:
the radius of the annular reflecting net plays a main role in correcting the directional diagram; when the radius of the annular reflection net is equal to the working wavelength of the all-sky meteor radar, the antenna gain in the central area of the pattern is most obviously reduced, as shown in fig. 6; when the radius of the annular reflection net is increased or decreased (namely, the radius of the annular reflection net is larger than the working wavelength of the all-sky meteor radar or the radius of the annular reflection net is smaller than the working wavelength of the all-sky meteor radar), the antenna gain reducing effect in the central area of the directional diagram is deteriorated, and even the gain is higher than that before the annular reflection net is not applied; the central area of the directional diagram is within the range of zenith angle +/-20 degrees;
the height of the annular reflecting net plays a role in fine adjustment of the directional diagram; when the height of the annular reflection net is within a first height range, the antenna gain in the central area of the directional diagram is reduced to the greatest extent and the antenna gain in the zenith angle (+/-) (20-90 degrees) is increased to the greatest extent (namely, the antenna gain in the central area of the directional diagram with adjustable height change (within the zenith angle + -20 degrees) is reduced to the greatest extent and the antenna gain in other areas (within the zenith angle (+/-) (20-90 degrees)) is increased to the greatest extent); if the height of the annular reflection net is higher than 1/4 of the working wavelength of the all-sky meteor radar, signals of the transmitting antenna of the all-sky meteor radar are shielded, the antenna gain in the range of the zenith angle (50-90 degrees) in the directional diagram is obviously reduced, and the detection effect of the all-sky meteor radar is adversely affected.
I.e. in the present application, the radius of the annular reflecting net is preferably equal to the operating wavelength of the all-sky-space radar, and is highly preferably H1< H2, i.e. slightly lower than 1/4 of the operating wavelength of the all-sky-space radar.
The vibrator, the support rod and the annular reflecting net in the central antenna are all made of metal materials, and the metal materials are stainless steel or aluminum alloy.
In addition, in order to prove the effectiveness of the application, the direction diagram and the direction diagram are compared with the prior art along with the zenith angle distribution, and the specific steps are as follows:
fig. 7 is a radiation gain pattern of a meteor radar comprising different components. The two-way orthogonal signal synthesis changes the pattern of the meteor radar from (a) in fig. 7 (single-channel pattern) to (c) in fig. 7 (dual-channel synthesized pattern). Fig. 7 (a) shows that the gain pattern of the single-channel transmitting antenna is spindle-shaped in the azimuth direction, i.e., the gain is high in the direction along the main element and low in the direction perpendicular to the main element. Fig. 7 (b) shows that the antenna gain pattern is approximately hemispherical in azimuth direction after the dual-channel synthesis of the meteor radar transmitting antenna, and the antenna gains in the respective directions are approximately equal. Fig. 7 (c) shows that after adding a circular reflecting net around the periphery of the central dual-channel orthogonal antenna, a further adjustment effect is performed on the antenna gain pattern. In addition to ensuring the uniform distribution of azimuth angles, the gain of the antenna gain pattern in the zenith angle + -20 degrees is reduced, and the gain of the antenna in the direction deviated from the zenith angle is increased, so that the antenna is apple-shaped.
Fig. 8 shows the number of meteor probes and the antenna pattern distribution with zenith angle. Where (a) in fig. 8 is the number of meteorons detected in one day, and (b) in fig. 8 and (c) in fig. 8 are the gain versus zenith angle distributions of the conventional meteoron radar antenna and the all-sky meteoron radar antenna of the present application. The correlation between the gain curve of the traditional meteor radar antenna and the meteor detection quantity curve is 0.314, the gain pattern of the all-space meteor radar provided by the application has higher gain between plus and minus (20-70 degrees), the gain within plus or minus 20 degrees is lower, and the correlation between the gain of the transmitting antenna along with the zenith angle change curve and the meteor detection quantity along with the zenith angle change curve is increased to 0.475. The method is favorable for concentrating energy to develop meteor detection and improves the detection efficiency of meteor radars.
It should be noted that, the all-sky-flow radar transmitting antenna provided in the above embodiment is only exemplified by the division of the above functional modules, in practical application, the above functional allocation may be performed by different functional modules according to needs, that is, the modules or steps in the embodiment of the present application are further decomposed or combined, for example, the modules in the embodiment may be combined into one module, or may be further split into a plurality of sub-modules, so as to complete all or part of the functions described above. The names of the modules and steps related to the embodiments of the present application are merely for distinguishing the respective modules or steps, and are not to be construed as unduly limiting the present application.
Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the modules of the examples described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the program(s) corresponding to the software modules, method steps, or other forms of storage media may be embodied in Random Access Memory (RAM), memory, read Only Memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of electronic hardware and software, various illustrative components and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as electronic hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the solution. Those skilled in the art may implement the described functionality using different approaches for each particular application, but such implementation is not intended to be limiting.
The terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not for describing a particular sequential or chronological order.
The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus/apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus/apparatus.
Thus far, the technical solution of the present application has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present application is not limited to these specific embodiments. Equivalent modifications and substitutions for related technical features may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present application, and such modifications and substitutions will fall within the scope of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. An all-sky-meteor radar transmitting antenna system, the system comprising: a central antenna, a ring-shaped reflection net and a transmitter; the transmitter comprises a radio frequency signal amplifier, a synthesizer and a power divider; the center antenna comprises an upper layer oscillator and a lower layer oscillator, wherein the upper layer oscillator and the lower layer oscillator comprise 2 paths of oscillators which are orthogonal, and the centers of the upper layer oscillator and the lower layer oscillator are aligned;
the radio frequency signal amplifier is a multi-channel signal amplifier; the radio frequency signal amplifier is used for generating multiple paths of radio frequency signals; the synthesizer is used for synthesizing the multipath radio frequency signals into a single path high power radio frequency signal; the power divider is used for dividing the single-path high-power radio frequency signal into two paths of high-power signals with the same amplitude and phase, and the two paths of high-power signals are respectively sent to the upper vibrator through cables connected with the two paths of high-power signals;
the lengths of the cables connected with the two paths of high-power signals are equal, and one path of cable is connected with a 1/4 wavelength phase shifting cable in series, so that the two paths of high-power signals with the same phase originally generate a 90-degree phase difference when reaching the upper vibrator and become orthogonal input signals;
two paths of vibrators orthogonally fixed in the upper vibrator are of rectangular structures, and the length of the long side of each rectangular structure is equal to half of the working wavelength of the all-sky meteor radar; the vibrator length of the lower vibrator is longer than half of the working wavelength of the all-sky meteor radar; the distance between the upper vibrator and the lower vibrator is one quarter wavelength of the all-sky meteor radar;
the upper vibrator is a driver of the all-sky meteor radar transmitting antenna and is used for radiating the orthogonal input signals to the periphery; the lower vibrator is a reflector of the all-sky-space radar transmitting antenna; the central antenna determines the main body shape of the directional diagram of the all-sky-meteor radar transmitting antenna;
the annular reflection net is arranged on the periphery of the central antenna; the annular reflection net is used for correcting the shape of the directional diagram of the all-sky meteor radar transmitting antenna;
after the size parameters of the annular reflection net are matched and adjusted with the central antenna, the gain near the zenith of the direction diagram of the all-sky meteor radar transmitting antenna can be reduced, the gain deviating from the zenith area is increased, and the size parameters comprise height and radius; the method comprises the following steps:
the radius of the annular reflecting net plays a main role in correcting the directional diagram; when the radius of the annular reflection net is equal to the working wavelength of the all-sky meteor radar, the antenna gain in the central area of the directional diagram is most obviously reduced;
the height of the annular reflecting net plays a role in fine adjustment of the directional diagram; when the height of the annular reflection net is in a first height range, the degree of antenna gain reduction of the central area of the directional diagram and the degree of antenna gain increase of the zenith angle (+/-) (20-90 degrees) are most remarkable;
wherein, the first height range h is: h1 is less than H2, H2 is 1/4 of the working wavelength of the all-sky meteor radar, H1 is H2-N% H2, and N is a set constant.
2. The all-sky-meteor radar transmitting antenna system of claim 1, wherein the two orthogonally fixed oscillators in the upper layer oscillator are yagi antenna oscillators.
3. The all-sky-meteor radar transmitting antenna system according to claim 2, wherein the lower edge of the upper vibrator orthogonal part is connected with a matcher, and the matcher is connected with the transmitter through two paths of cables.
4. A full sky-flow radar transmitting antenna system according to claim 3, wherein the upper layer vibrator and the lower layer vibrator are both fixed on a support bar in an orthogonal manner; the support rod is vertically arranged on the ground.
5. The all-sky-meteor radar transmitting antenna system according to claim 4, wherein the vibrators in the central antenna, the support rods and the annular reflecting net are all made of metal materials, and the metal materials are stainless steel or aluminum alloy.
6. A total sky-flow radar transmit antenna system according to claim 3, wherein when the radius of the annular reflective net increases or decreases, the antenna gain reduction effect in the central area of the pattern will be reduced even higher than before the annular reflective net is not applied; the central area of the directional diagram is within the range of zenith angle +/-20 degrees;
if the height of the annular reflection net is lower than H1, the gain of the antenna in the central area of the directional diagram is reduced less; if the height of the annular reflection net is higher than 1/4 of the working wavelength of the all-sky meteor radar, signals of the all-sky meteor radar transmitting antenna are shielded, the antenna gain in the range of the zenith angle (50-90 degrees) in the directional diagram is obviously reduced, and the detection effect of the all-sky meteor radar is adversely affected.
7. An all-sky-star radar transmit antenna system according to claim 1, wherein the number of channels of the rf signal amplifier is even.
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