CN116742465B - Method and chip for generating linear frequency modulation laser - Google Patents

Method and chip for generating linear frequency modulation laser Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116742465B
CN116742465B CN202311014358.5A CN202311014358A CN116742465B CN 116742465 B CN116742465 B CN 116742465B CN 202311014358 A CN202311014358 A CN 202311014358A CN 116742465 B CN116742465 B CN 116742465B
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laser
frequency
modulation
signal
generating
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CN116742465A (en
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王玉冰
赵树华
张明时
宋悦
雷宇鑫
秦莉
宋俊峰
王立军
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Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics of CAS
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Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics of CAS
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/005Optical components external to the laser cavity, specially adapted therefor, e.g. for homogenisation or merging of the beams or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
    • H01S5/0085Optical components external to the laser cavity, specially adapted therefor, e.g. for homogenisation or merging of the beams or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping for modulating the output, i.e. the laser beam is modulated outside the laser cavity
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/02Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S17/06Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S17/08Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
    • G01S17/32Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated
    • G01S17/34Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated using transmission of continuous, frequency-modulated waves while heterodyning the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneously transmitted signal
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/02Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S17/50Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
    • G01S17/58Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/491Details of non-pulse systems
    • G01S7/4911Transmitters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/005Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
    • H01S3/0078Frequency filtering
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/005Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
    • H01S3/0085Modulating the output, i.e. the laser beam is modulated outside the laser cavity
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/005Optical components external to the laser cavity, specially adapted therefor, e.g. for homogenisation or merging of the beams or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
    • H01S5/0078Optical components external to the laser cavity, specially adapted therefor, e.g. for homogenisation or merging of the beams or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping for frequency filtering

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of laser radar signal processing, and provides a method and a chip for generating linear frequency modulation laser, wherein a laser generates continuous laser with fixed frequency, and the laser frequency isThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The radio frequency signal source generates a modulation signal which linearly changes along with time, and the modulation rate is thatIntensity modulation of continuous laser light at frequencyAnd%) Each generating a sideband signal; the filter outputs the frequency [ ] to) Or (b)The sideband signal is filtered, and when the modulation rate is linearly changed along with time, the output is linear frequency modulation laser.

Description

Method and chip for generating linear frequency modulation laser
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of laser radar signal processing, and particularly relates to a method and a chip for generating linear frequency modulation laser.
Background
The frequency modulation continuous wave laser radar is one of the technical routes of coherent laser radar, and the principle is that information such as target distance or speed is obtained by detecting the frequency difference between local oscillation light and reflected light due to round trip time, and the frequency modulation continuous wave laser radar has the advantages of high sensitivity, strong anti-interference capability, speed detection and the like. The frequency variation of the reference signal and the echo signal and the variation of the difference frequency signal are shown in FIG. 1 and can be represented by the formulaAnd->Distance and radial velocity are calculated. The key technology of the method for producing the frequency modulation continuous wave is to produce the frequency modulation laser with high bandwidth, high speed and good linearity. Currently, the generation of chirped lasers is mainly three: (1) the direct modulation is realized by controlling conditions such as temperature, current and the like to change the properties of the laser cavity. However, this method is poor in linearity, adversely affects the ranging accuracy, and is extremely susceptible to environmental factors such as temperature. (2) The single sideband modulation (IQ modulator, or quadrature modulator) uses two sine waves with the same frequency and the single phase difference of 90 degrees (quadrature) to modulate carrier waves, and simultaneously transmits one modulation mode of two paths of mutually independent signals, and the frequency modulation signals can be realized only by changing different IQ baseband signals. And then unnecessary parts of the frequency spectrum are restrained, and only the upper side band or the lower side band is reserved. Although the linearity of the frequency modulation signal generated by single sideband modulation is good, the loss of the chip is larger, the output power is lower, the linearity is easily affected by the environment, the detection distance and resolution of the laser radar are limited, and in addition, the inherent characteristic of the quadrature modulatorThe defects are local oscillation leakage and sideband suppression, and the local oscillation leakage is mainly caused by factors such as direct current bias of an IQ signal, unbalance of an IQ differential signal, poor isolation indexes of local oscillation and radio frequency and the like. If the IQ modulator is perfectly ideal, only a single sideband signal is generated, but due to the non-ideality of the modulator, an image signal is also generated, and the quadrature modulator inevitably has non-ideal factors, so that various distortions are generated on the output signal to influence the communication quality, and therefore the radio frequency performance of the quadrature modulator needs to be tested in all aspects. (3) An optical phase locked loop, which is a system for controlling the frequency of a laser output signal through signal phase feedback, generally comprises: an equivalent Phase Detector (PD), an equivalent Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO), and a Loop Filter (LF). An equivalent Phase Detector (PD) for comparing a phase difference between signal light and local oscillation light, which is generally implemented by an optical coupler, a 90 ° mixer, a balanced detector, etc.; the LF has a low-pass function, can filter high-frequency noise, and can adjust parameters of a phase-locked loop by changing parameters of the LF; the VCO utilizes the phase difference signal to control the output of the local oscillator laser, so that the local oscillator optical frequency and the signal optical frequency are dynamically consistent, namely, the optical phase lock is achieved, but the complexity of the system is high, and the sweep rate is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for generating linear frequency modulation laser, which has the advantages of stability and good linearity, and the generating system has a simple structure, can be uniformly integrated into a chip, does not have the limitation of a phase-locked loop on the speed, and can use equipment such as an arbitrary waveform generator and the like to carry out high-speed frequency sweeping. The above purpose is achieved by the following technical scheme:
a method for generating linear frequency modulation laser comprises the following steps:
the laser generates continuous laser with fixed frequency, the laser frequency is
The radio frequency signal source generates a modulation signal which linearly changes along with time, and the modulation rate is that
Intensity modulation of continuous laser light at frequencyAnd (/ ->) Each generating a sideband signal;
the filter outputs the frequency [ ] to) Or->The sideband signal is filtered out, and the output is a chirped laser when the modulation rate varies linearly with time.
As a more preferable technical scheme of the invention, the laser is a semiconductor laser or an optical fiber laser.
As a more preferable technical scheme of the invention, the continuous laser intensity modulation is realized by an electro-optical intensity modulator.
As a more preferable technical scheme of the invention, the electro-optical intensity modulator is one of a lithium niobate intensity modulator or a silicon-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
As a more preferable technical scheme of the invention, the filter is a Fabry-Perot Bai Luo filter, a micro-resonant ring filter or any optical filter with a pass band and a stop band.
The invention also provides a linear frequency modulation laser chip, which comprises a laser for generating continuous laser with fixed frequency, wherein the laser frequency isThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And a radio frequency signal source for generating a modulated signal which varies linearly with time, the modulation rate being +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And an electro-optic intensity modulator for continuously modulating the laser light with the modulated signal intensityPost frequency atAnd (/ ->) Each generating a sideband signal; and a filter for filtering the frequencyOr (/ -)>) The sideband signal is filtered out and the linear frequency modulated laser is output.
The beneficial effects are as follows:
the generating method provided by the invention does not need to regulate and control conditions such as temperature, voltage and the like, the high linearity is realized only through the modulation of a radio frequency source, the performance is stable and is not influenced by environmental factors, the sideband suppression ratio theory can reach 30-40dB, and the sideband suppression ratio of the traditional IQ modulator is smaller than 20dB;
the generating system, namely the laser chip, has the advantages of simple structure, small volume and low cost, and the light intensity modulator, the tunable filter and the like are beneficial to being integrated into the chip; the laser chip loss of the invention has only 3dB insertion loss in theory, and the insertion loss of the existing IQ modulator is more than 10dB.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a frequency variation of a reference signal and an echo signal and a variation of a difference frequency signal;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of generating a chirped laser of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for generating a chirped laser according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a graph of the output signal of the electro-optical intensity modulator of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, like modules are denoted by like reference numerals. In the case of the same reference numerals, their names and functions are also the same. Therefore, a detailed description thereof will not be repeated.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the present invention, the frequency of the laser output is fixed, and the laser frequency isAfter intensity modulation, two sidebands are generated>And (/ ->) If modulation rate is%>As time varies linearly, the sidebands also move linearly. According to the requirement, one side band is filtered out>Or (/ -)>) A chirped single sideband laser is obtained.
The spectral linewidth in the present invention is not critical and may be selected according to the application. For lidar applications, the round trip distance is required to be less than the laser coherence length, i.e., deltav<c/pi×d),△vIn order for the line width to be the same,cin order to achieve the light velocity, the light beam is,dfor a one-way distance, if the probing distance is 200 meters, the linewidth is less than 477kHz.
In the invention, the laser power is not strictly limited, but the lower limit meets the signal-to-noise ratio requirement, and the upper limit meets the working range requirement of the back-end intensity modulator, otherwise, devices are burnt, and the cost is usually 10-100mW; at low power, the EDFA or SOA (two optical amplifiers) may also be increased to amplify the laser power to a suitable level.
The laser radar application also meets the human eye safety standard, is related to factors such as wavelength, divergence angle and the like, and has the requirement of less than 10mW for 1550nm collimated laser.
The method for generating the linear frequency modulation laser provided by the invention is that two sidebands are generated through an electro-optical intensity modulator, one sideband is filtered by a filter, and finally the laser is output as a single sideband.
The frequency offset of the sidebands is the same as the modulation frequency of the intensity modulator, and any waveform generator and other devices or integrated radio frequency elements can be used for easily generating microwaves with the frequency linearly changing along with time and driving the light intensity modulator so that the frequency of the sidebands linearly moves along with time.
As shown in fig. 2, the method for generating the chirped laser provided by the invention specifically includes the following steps:
the laser generates continuous laser with fixed frequency, the laser frequency is
The radio frequency signal source generates a modulation signal which linearly changes along with time, and the modulation rate is that
Intensity modulation of continuous laser light at frequencyAnd (/ ->) Each generating a sideband signal;
the filter outputs the frequency [ ] to) Or->Filtering out sideband signals at a frequency which follows linearity as the modulation rate varies linearly with timeThe output of the laser is a chirped laser.
In the present inventionIdeally a sinusoidal signal, but the actual intensity modulator has a non-linear effect, if the driving signal is sinusoidal, a higher-order sideband is generated in addition to + -1-order sidebands, which can be found by an iterative algorithm to generate a driving waveform that only generates 1-order sidebands without affecting the implementation of the invention.
In some embodiments, the linear intensity modulation is implemented by an electro-optic intensity modulator.
In some embodiments, the electro-optic intensity modulator is one of a lithium niobate intensity modulator or a silicon-based mach-zehnder interferometer. The structure of the electro-optical intensity modulator in the invention can be Mach-Zehnder, micro-ring resonant cavity and other structures, without limitation; the material may be lithium niobate or silicon-based, without limitation.
In some embodiments, the filter is a fabry-perot Bai Luo filter, a microresonator filter, or any optical filter having a pass band and a stop band.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 3, this embodiment will be described by taking 1550nm laser as an example.
The laser electric field can be formed byIndicating that the laser power is proportional to the square of the mode of the electric field strength, i.e. +.>
The power meter generally has a sampling frequency of 1GHz, and for example 1550nm, the corresponding frequency is 126THz, which are 5 orders of magnitude apart, so that the cos2 omega is within a certain time range 0 t has an average value of 0, i.e. optical power
For the laser with adjustable amplitude, the fluctuation can be regarded as the interference of two beams of light, and the electric field is expressed as
Wherein the method comprises the steps ofFor modulation rates (of the order of GHz) a frequency of (++>And (/ ->Is a light source of a light.
Modulated corresponding optical power of
As shown in FIG. 4, 1550nm laser is generated by a laser and connected with a 1550nm electro-optical intensity modulator, and a load radio frequency signal RF is subjected to linear adjustment, so that frequencies are respectively obtainedAnd (/ ->Is filtered out of sidebands by a tunable optical fiber fabry perot filter, leaving only light of one frequency (/ -for)>
Wherein,laser frequency, < >>Electric field strength, a amplitude, ">The phase of the light emitted from the light source is,ttime (F)>In order to modulate the rate of the light,electric field strength
To sum up, this is done by radio frequency signalsAnd (3) obtaining the linear frequency modulation laser.
The generating method is compared with an IQ modulator: typically the loss of an IQ modulator is greater than 10dB and the sideband suppression ratio of an IQ modulator is typically less than 20dB. In the invention, only 3dB loss is theoretically generated, the carrier wave is changed into two sidebands after modulation, the power of the two sidebands is equal, the residual energy after filtering one sideband is half of the incident power, namely 3dB loss, and taking an FP cavity filter as an example, the passband and the stop band ensure more than 50dB difference value, and the sideband suppression ratio of more than 30dB is easy to realize.
The generation method of the invention is compared with an optical phase-locked loop system: the optical phase-locked loop system is complex, only a modulator and a filter are needed, the structure is simple, the optical phase-locked loop system can be uniformly integrated into a chip, meanwhile, the limitation of the phase-locked loop on the speed is avoided, and high-speed frequency sweeping is realized by using equipment such as an AWG (arbitrary waveform generator).
Therefore, the invention also provides a linear frequency modulation laser chip, which comprises a laser for generating continuous laser with fixed frequency, wherein the laser frequency isThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And a radio frequency signal source for generating a modulated signal which varies linearly with time, the modulation rate being +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And an electro-optic intensity modulator, wherein the continuous laser is modulated by the intensity of the modulated signal and then is modulated in frequencyAnd (/ ->) Each generating a sideband signal; and a filter for filtering the frequencyOr (/ -)>) The sideband signal is filtered out and the linear frequency modulated laser is output.
The linear frequency modulation laser chip has high linearity, high stability, low loss and simple structure, and can be applied to frequency modulation continuous wave laser radar FMCW Lidar, optical coherence tomography OCT, optical frequency domain reflectometer OFDR and the like.
In the description of the present specification, reference to the term "some embodiments", etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
While embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described above, it will be appreciated that the above described embodiments are illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the invention. Variations, modifications, alternatives and variations of the above-described embodiments may be made by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. The method for generating the linear frequency modulation laser is characterized by being used for signal processing of a laser radar and comprising the following steps of:
the laser generates continuous laser with fixed frequency, the laser frequency is
The radio frequency signal source generates a modulation signal which linearly changes along with time, and the modulation rate is that
Intensity modulation of continuous laser light at frequencyAnd (/ ->) Each generating a sideband signal;
the filter outputs the frequency [ ] to) Or->The sideband signal is filtered out, and the output is a chirped laser when the modulation rate varies linearly with time.
2. The method of generating chirped laser of claim 1 wherein intensity modulation of the continuous laser is achieved by an electro-optic intensity modulator.
3. The method of generating a chirped laser of claim 2 wherein the electro-optic intensity modulator is one of a lithium niobate intensity modulator or a silicon-based mach-zehnder interferometer.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the filter is a fabry-perot Bai Luo filter, a microresonator filter, or any optical filter having a passband and a stopband.
5. A linear frequency modulation laser chip is characterized by being used for signal processing of a laser radar and comprising
Laser for generating continuous laser with fixed frequency
And a radio frequency signal source for generating a modulated signal that varies linearly with time, the modulation rate being
And an electro-optic intensity modulator, wherein the continuous laser is modulated by the intensity of the modulated signal and then is modulated in frequencyAnd (/ ->) Each generating a sideband signal;
and a filter for filtering the frequencyOr (/ -)>) The sideband signal is filtered out and the linear frequency modulated laser is output.
CN202311014358.5A 2023-08-14 2023-08-14 Method and chip for generating linear frequency modulation laser Active CN116742465B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109067469A (en) * 2018-09-27 2018-12-21 安徽工程大学 A kind of laser frequency shifter and frequency shift method based on multifrequency phase modulation
CN109450540A (en) * 2018-08-10 2019-03-08 电子科技大学 A kind of tunable dual-passband microwave photon filter realization device and method
CN110412538A (en) * 2019-01-29 2019-11-05 苏州溯光科技信息有限公司 Linear frequency sweep laser source and laser radar
CN111929663A (en) * 2020-07-14 2020-11-13 西安电子科技大学 Linear frequency modulation radar signal generation system and generation method
CN113300212A (en) * 2020-02-24 2021-08-24 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 Chip-level frequency modulation laser device
CN114447761A (en) * 2020-11-06 2022-05-06 苏州镭智传感科技有限公司 Laser chip

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8897654B1 (en) * 2012-06-20 2014-11-25 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration System and method for generating a frequency modulated linear laser waveform

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109450540A (en) * 2018-08-10 2019-03-08 电子科技大学 A kind of tunable dual-passband microwave photon filter realization device and method
CN109067469A (en) * 2018-09-27 2018-12-21 安徽工程大学 A kind of laser frequency shifter and frequency shift method based on multifrequency phase modulation
CN110412538A (en) * 2019-01-29 2019-11-05 苏州溯光科技信息有限公司 Linear frequency sweep laser source and laser radar
CN113300212A (en) * 2020-02-24 2021-08-24 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 Chip-level frequency modulation laser device
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CN114447761A (en) * 2020-11-06 2022-05-06 苏州镭智传感科技有限公司 Laser chip

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