CN116708211A - Master and slave device management method, device, equipment and machine-readable storage medium - Google Patents
Master and slave device management method, device, equipment and machine-readable storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/40—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks using virtualisation of network functions or resources, e.g. SDN or NFV entities
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/06—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications
- H04L41/0631—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications using root cause analysis; using analysis of correlation between notifications, alarms or events based on decision criteria, e.g. hierarchy, tree or time analysis
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/06—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications
- H04L41/0654—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications using network fault recovery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
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- H04L43/0805—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters by checking availability
- H04L43/0811—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters by checking availability by checking connectivity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The present disclosure provides a master/slave device management method, apparatus, device and machine-readable storage medium, the method comprising: responding to an event of the failure of the master device, and checking whether a Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) is configured at present; responding to the checking result of the VRRP which is not configured with the virtual router redundancy protocol, and sending an ICMP detection message to a target interface, wherein the ICMP detection message is used for communicating with a main device; and setting the local standby equipment as a new main equipment in response to the event of message contact failure detected by the ICMP. According to the technical scheme, the standby equipment actively detects the state of the main equipment under the condition that the main equipment is out of connection, decides whether to switch the state of the local equipment into the new main equipment according to the detection result, receives the service flow, and solves the problem that the service flow is possibly interrupted.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a method, an apparatus, a device, and a machine-readable storage medium for managing a primary device and a secondary device.
Background
The services carried by the network are more and more important, so that the reliability of the network and uninterrupted transmission of the services are required to be ensured. Some equipment is deployed at the outlet of the network, and traffic between the internal and external networks is processed and forwarded by the equipment. If the device fails, it will cause a total interruption of the traffic between the internal and external network. It follows that if only one device is used at such a network critical location, there is a risk of network disruption due to a single point of failure of the device, no matter how reliable the device is. Therefore, two devices are typically deployed at critical locations of the network to improve the reliability of the network. When the first equipment fails, the traffic can be forwarded through the second equipment, and uninterrupted transmission of the traffic between the internal network and the external network is ensured.
Dual hot standby (RBM) is a proprietary RBM (Remote Backup Management ) protocol that implements high reliability at the device level (High Availability, HA for short). This technique can provide a back-up scheme in the event of a failure of a communication line or device, when one of the network nodes fails, the other network node can take over the failed node to continue operation.
The traditional router and the switch are based on the redundancy of interfaces or traffic, but for the firewall, when the state detection and the audit based on messages are needed, the matching needs to be carried out through the session, when the equipment carries out redundancy nodes, the redundancy of a link level needs to be well done, the consistency of service table item information and configuration information between two pieces of equipment needs to be ensured, the redundancy of the equipment level is realized, and only if the uninterrupted transmission of the traffic can be really ensured. The current RBM is based on a backup management technology of a device level, so that the problem can be solved, but the RBM is provided with a main mode and a standby mode and a double main mode, and in the double main mode, because the flow is asymmetric when the RBM is in the main mode, the table entries are not synchronous in the double main mode, and the message is discarded, so that the flow transmission is interrupted.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present disclosure provides a method and apparatus for managing a primary device and a secondary device, and an electronic device and a machine-readable storage medium, so as to solve the problem that the traffic may be interrupted.
The technical scheme is as follows:
the present disclosure provides a master/slave device management method, which is applied to a slave device, where the slave device is a slave device of a master/slave device in a dual hot standby system, and the dual hot standby system further includes a master device, and the method includes: responding to an event of the failure of the master device, and checking whether a Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) is configured at present; responding to the checking result of the VRRP which is not configured with the virtual router redundancy protocol, and sending an ICMP detection message to a target interface, wherein the ICMP detection message is used for communicating with a main device; and setting the local standby equipment as a new main equipment in response to the event of message contact failure detected by the ICMP.
As a technical solution, after the step of checking whether the virtual router redundancy protocol VRRP is currently configured in response to the event of the failure of the master device, the method further includes: responding to the checking result configured with the Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP), and detecting the VRRP master-slave state of the local slave device; and if the VRRP master-slave state of the local slave device is switched from the slave state to the master state, setting the local slave device as a new master device.
As a technical solution, the sending, in response to a result of checking a VRRP of a virtual router redundancy protocol, an ICMP probe packet to a target interface, where the ICMP probe packet is used for contacting with a master device, includes: and sending ICMP detection messages to the target interface according to the preset frequency and the preset times, and if the ICMP detection message response message sent from the main equipment is not received within the preset time, considering that the ICMP detection message connection fails.
As a technical solution, after the step of setting the local standby device as the new master device, the method further includes: attempting to communicate with the original master device, responding to an event in reply communication with the original master device, interacting with the original master device to backup service list items, and carrying out main and standby election again according to a preset rule, wherein the service list items are used for forwarding and processing messages.
The present disclosure also provides a device for managing a primary device and a secondary device, which is applied to a secondary device, where the secondary device is a secondary device of the primary device and the secondary device in a dual hot standby system, and the dual hot standby system further includes a primary device, and the device includes: the first module is used for responding to the event of the disconnection of the master equipment and checking whether the Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) is configured at present; the second module is used for responding to the checking result of the VRRP which is not configured with the virtual router redundancy protocol, and sending an ICMP detection message to the target interface, wherein the ICMP detection message is used for communicating with the main equipment; and the third module is used for responding to the event of message contact failure detected by the ICMP and setting the local standby equipment as the new main equipment.
As a technical solution, after the first module responds to the event of the failure of the master device and checks whether the virtual router redundancy protocol VRRP is currently configured, the first module further includes: the second module responds to the checking result configured with the Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP), and detects the VRRP master-slave state of the local slave device; and the third module sets the local standby equipment as the new main equipment when the VRRP main standby state of the local standby equipment is switched from the standby state to the main state.
As a technical solution, the sending, in response to a result of checking a VRRP of a virtual router redundancy protocol, an ICMP probe packet to a target interface, where the ICMP probe packet is used for contacting with a master device, includes: and sending ICMP detection messages to the target interface according to the preset frequency and the preset times, and if the ICMP detection message response message sent from the main equipment is not received within the preset time, considering that the ICMP detection message connection fails.
As a technical solution, after the third module sets the local standby device as a new master device, the third module further includes: attempting to communicate with the original master device, responding to an event in reply communication with the original master device, interacting with the original master device to backup service list items, and carrying out main and standby election again according to a preset rule, wherein the service list items are used for forwarding and processing messages.
The present disclosure also provides an electronic device comprising a processor and a machine-readable storage medium storing machine-executable instructions executable by the processor, the processor executing the machine-executable instructions to implement the foregoing master-slave device management method.
The present disclosure also provides a machine-readable storage medium storing machine-executable instructions that, when invoked and executed by a processor, cause the processor to implement the foregoing master-slave device management method.
The technical scheme provided by the disclosure at least brings the following beneficial effects:
the standby equipment actively detects the state of the main equipment under the condition that the main equipment is out of connection, decides whether to switch the state of the local equipment into the new main equipment according to the detection result, receives the service flow and improves the problem that the service flow is possibly interrupted.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments of the present disclosure or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present disclosure, and other drawings may also be obtained according to these drawings of the embodiments of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a primary and backup device management method in one embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a primary and backup device management apparatus in one embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a hardware configuration diagram of an electronic device in one embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
The terminology used in the embodiments of the disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. As used in this disclosure and the claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein refers to any or all possible combinations including one or more of the associated listed items.
It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used in the embodiments of the present disclosure to describe various information, these information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one type of information from another. For example, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Depending on the context, furthermore, the word "if" used may be interpreted as "at … …" or "at … …" or "in response to a determination".
The disclosure provides a master and slave device management method and device, an electronic device and a machine-readable storage medium, so as to improve the technical problems.
The specific technical scheme is as follows.
In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a method for managing a primary device and a secondary device, where the secondary device is a secondary device of a primary device and a secondary device in a dual hot standby system, and the dual hot standby system further includes the primary device, and the method includes: responding to an event of the failure of the master device, and checking whether a Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) is configured at present; responding to the checking result of the VRRP which is not configured with the virtual router redundancy protocol, and sending an ICMP detection message to a target interface, wherein the ICMP detection message is used for communicating with a main device; and setting the local standby equipment as a new main equipment in response to the event of message contact failure detected by the ICMP.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the method comprises the following steps:
step S11, responding to an event of the failure of the master device, and checking whether a Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) is configured at present;
step S12, an ICMP detection message is sent to a target interface in response to an inspection result of the VRRP which is not configured with the virtual router redundancy protocol, wherein the ICMP detection message is used for communicating with a main device;
step S13, responding to the event of message contact failure detected by the ICMP, and setting the local standby equipment as a new main equipment.
The standby equipment actively detects the state of the main equipment under the condition that the main equipment is out of connection, decides whether to switch the state of the local equipment into the new main equipment according to the detection result, receives the service flow and improves the problem that the service flow is possibly interrupted.
In one embodiment, after the step of checking whether the virtual router redundancy protocol VRRP is currently configured in response to the event of the master losing the connection, the method further comprises: responding to the checking result configured with the Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP), and detecting the VRRP master-slave state of the local slave device; and if the VRRP master-slave state of the local slave device is switched from the slave state to the master state, setting the local slave device as a new master device.
In one embodiment, the sending, in response to a result of the check that the virtual router redundancy protocol VRRP is not configured, an ICMP probe packet to the target interface, where the ICMP probe packet is used to contact with the master device, includes: and sending ICMP detection messages to the target interface according to the preset frequency and the preset times, and if the ICMP detection message response message sent from the main equipment is not received within the preset time, considering that the ICMP detection message connection fails.
In one embodiment, after the step of setting the local standby device as the new master device, the method further includes: attempting to communicate with the original master device, responding to an event in reply communication with the original master device, interacting with the original master device to backup service list items, and carrying out main and standby election again according to a preset rule, wherein the service list items are used for forwarding and processing messages.
In one embodiment, when an RBM backup group is established, an RBM channel is designated, which establishes a TCP connection and is kept alive by a keep alive message. Under normal conditions, the linkage between the routing protocol and the VRPP is performed, that is, the backup device does not participate in the forwarding of the message, and the uplink and downlink routing cost is maximized. Only at the backup of the entries and configuration.
Under the global view, when the standby equipment in the main and standby systems cannot communicate with the main equipment, judging whether the standby equipment is switched into the main equipment or not. Under the interface view, when the VRRP exists in the downlink of the networking, judging whether the opposite-end main equipment survives or not according to the VRRP state of the standby equipment.
If the protocol message can be normally received and transmitted, the VRRP state is not switched, namely the data downlink port of the main equipment is normal, namely the main equipment is considered to still exist and work normally, the standby equipment is continuously used as the standby equipment and is not switched into the main equipment, the uplink and downlink route cost is not changed, and the flow is not led to the own equipment.
If the VRRP protocol state of the standby equipment changes, the standby equipment changes to the master VRRP, the standby equipment considers that the whole machine of the master equipment is down, and the standby equipment takes over the link, so that the standby equipment changes to the master equipment, updates the uplink and the downlink through the route protocol advertising route, and introduces the traffic to the local machine for forwarding.
If the VRRP and other interface level redundancy protocols are not bound in the networking, the standby equipment needs to monitor whether the main equipment survives from the data link, the standby equipment sends an ICMP detection message based on the ICMP protocol, the message TYPE is 111, the code is 3, the TYPE and the code are temporarily unused, the ICMP detection message is sent from the data link of the standby equipment, and the destination address is the designated main equipment data interface address.
If the main device is online, when receiving the message, a response message is started, response messages TYPE 121 and code2, if the standby device receives the ICMP detection message response message, the main device is considered to survive and not switch to the main mode, but if the message is not responded within a preset number of times (ICMP detection message can be sent according to a preset frequency) for a preset number of times, the main device is considered to be down, a link needs to be taken over, so the standby device becomes the main device, and the uplink and downlink links are updated through routing protocol advertising route, and the traffic is introduced into the local device for forwarding
When the control link resumes communication, in the dual master mode, newly added entries can be backed up each other, and the master is reelected according to the previous configuration and restored to master.
According to the embodiment, the problem of service interruption caused by unequal uplink and downlink flow is solved under the condition that a main control link and a standby control link are not enabled in a main mode, the disconnection condition can be actively and intelligently confirmed under the condition that the control link is disconnected, corresponding strategies are made according to different disconnection conditions, the service flow is ensured not to be interrupted, and new service flow can be normally communicated.
The embodiment has the technical effects that under the condition that the control link is disconnected in the main-standby mode, the standby equipment can actively and intelligently confirm whether the disconnection condition is a control link problem or the main equipment is down, and execute corresponding strategies according to different disconnection conditions to ensure that the service flow is not interrupted and that the new service flow can normally establish communication. In addition, after the control link is restored, the main equipment mutually backs up the new list items, ensures that the new business flow is not interrupted, and can reestablish the main and standby environments.
In an embodiment, the present disclosure also provides a master/slave device management apparatus, as shown in fig. 2, applied to a slave device, where the slave device is a slave device of a master/slave device in a dual hot-standby system, and the dual hot-standby system further includes a master device, where the apparatus includes: a first module 21, configured to check whether a virtual router redundancy protocol VRRP is currently configured in response to an event of a primary device loss of connection; a second module 22, configured to send an ICMP probe packet to the target interface in response to the checking result that the virtual router redundancy protocol VRRP is not configured, where the ICMP probe packet is used to communicate with the master device; a third module 23, configured to set the local standby device as a new master device in response to an ICMP probe message connection failure event.
In one embodiment, after the first module checks whether the virtual router redundancy protocol VRRP is currently configured in response to the event of the master losing connection, the first module further includes: the second module responds to the checking result configured with the Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP), and detects the VRRP master-slave state of the local slave device; and the third module sets the local standby equipment as the new main equipment when the VRRP main standby state of the local standby equipment is switched from the standby state to the main state.
In one embodiment, the sending, in response to a result of the check that the virtual router redundancy protocol VRRP is not configured, an ICMP probe packet to the target interface, where the ICMP probe packet is used to contact with the master device, includes: and sending ICMP detection messages to the target interface according to the preset frequency and the preset times, and if the ICMP detection message response message sent from the main equipment is not received within the preset time, considering that the ICMP detection message connection fails.
In one embodiment, after the third module sets the local standby device to be a new master device, the third module further includes: attempting to communicate with the original master device, responding to an event in reply communication with the original master device, interacting with the original master device to backup service list items, and carrying out main and standby election again according to a preset rule, wherein the service list items are used for forwarding and processing messages.
The device embodiments are the same as or similar to the corresponding method embodiments and are not described in detail herein.
In one embodiment, the disclosure provides an electronic device, including a processor and a machine-readable storage medium, where the machine-readable storage medium stores machine-executable instructions that can be executed by the processor, where the processor executes the machine-executable instructions to implement the foregoing master device management method, and from a hardware level, a schematic view of a hardware architecture may be shown in fig. 3.
In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a machine-readable storage medium storing machine-executable instructions that, when invoked and executed by a processor, cause the processor to implement the foregoing master-slave device management method.
Here, a machine-readable storage medium may be any electronic, magnetic, optical, or other physical storage device that may contain or store information, such as executable instructions, data, or the like. For example, a machine-readable storage medium may be: RAM (Radom Access Memory, random access memory), volatile memory, non-volatile memory, flash memory, a storage drive (e.g., hard drive), a solid state drive, any type of storage disk (e.g., optical disk, dvd, etc.), or a similar storage medium, or a combination thereof.
The system, apparatus, module or unit set forth in the above embodiments may be implemented in particular by a computer chip or entity, or by a product having a certain function. A typical implementation device is a computer, which may be in the form of a personal computer, laptop computer, cellular telephone, camera phone, smart phone, personal digital assistant, media player, navigation device, email device, game console, tablet computer, wearable device, or a combination of any of these devices.
For convenience of description, the above devices are described as being functionally divided into various units, respectively. Of course, the functions of the various elements may be implemented in the same one or more software and/or hardware when implementing the present disclosure.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present disclosure may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present disclosure may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, embodiments of the present disclosure may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present disclosure is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the disclosure. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
Moreover, these computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present disclosure may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present disclosure may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present disclosure may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (which may include, but are not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The foregoing is merely an embodiment of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the present disclosure. Various modifications and variations of this disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, or the like, which are within the spirit and principles of the present disclosure, are intended to be included within the scope of the claims of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. The method is characterized by being applied to a standby device, wherein the standby device is a standby device of a main standby device in a dual hot standby system, and the dual hot standby system further comprises the main device, and the method comprises the following steps:
responding to an event of the failure of the master device, and checking whether a Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) is configured at present;
responding to the checking result of the VRRP which is not configured with the virtual router redundancy protocol, and sending an ICMP detection message to a target interface, wherein the ICMP detection message is used for communicating with a main device;
and setting the local standby equipment as a new main equipment in response to the event of message contact failure detected by the ICMP.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein after the step of checking whether the virtual router redundancy protocol VRRP is currently configured in response to an event of a master loss of connection, further comprising:
responding to the checking result configured with the Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP), and detecting the VRRP master-slave state of the local slave device;
and if the VRRP master-slave state of the local slave device is switched from the slave state to the master state, setting the local slave device as a new master device.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sending, in response to the checking result that the virtual router redundancy protocol VRRP is not configured, an ICMP probe message to the target interface, the ICMP probe message being used for contacting with the master device, includes:
and sending ICMP detection messages to the target interface according to the preset frequency and the preset times, and if the ICMP detection message response message sent from the main equipment is not received within the preset time, considering that the ICMP detection message connection fails.
4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising, after the step of setting the local standby device as a new master device:
attempting to communicate with the original master device, responding to an event in reply communication with the original master device, interacting with the original master device to backup service list items, and carrying out main and standby election again according to a preset rule, wherein the service list items are used for forwarding and processing messages.
5. The utility model provides a master equipment spare equipment management device, is characterized in that is applied to spare equipment, spare equipment is the spare equipment of master equipment spare equipment in the hot spare system of duplex, and hot spare system of duplex still includes the master equipment, and the device includes:
the first module is used for responding to the event of the disconnection of the master equipment and checking whether the Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) is configured at present;
the second module is used for responding to the checking result of the VRRP which is not configured with the virtual router redundancy protocol, and sending an ICMP detection message to the target interface, wherein the ICMP detection message is used for communicating with the main equipment;
and the third module is used for responding to the event of message contact failure detected by the ICMP and setting the local standby equipment as the new main equipment.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the first module, in response to an event of a master loss of connectivity, after checking whether a virtual router redundancy protocol, VRRP, is currently configured, further comprises:
the second module responds to the checking result configured with the Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP), and detects the VRRP master-slave state of the local slave device;
and the third module sets the local standby equipment as the new main equipment when the VRRP main standby state of the local standby equipment is switched from the standby state to the main state.
7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the sending, in response to the checking result that the virtual router redundancy protocol VRRP is not configured, an ICMP probe message to the target interface, the ICMP probe message for contacting the host device, comprises:
and sending ICMP detection messages to the target interface according to the preset frequency and the preset times, and if the ICMP detection message response message sent from the main equipment is not received within the preset time, considering that the ICMP detection message connection fails.
8. The apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, wherein after the third module sets the local standby device to be a new master device, the third module further includes:
attempting to communicate with the original master device, responding to an event in reply communication with the original master device, interacting with the original master device to backup service list items, and carrying out main and standby election again according to a preset rule, wherein the service list items are used for forwarding and processing messages.
9. An electronic device, comprising: a processor and a machine-readable storage medium storing machine-executable instructions executable by the processor to perform the method of any one of claims 1-4.
10. A machine-readable storage medium storing machine-executable instructions which, when invoked and executed by a processor, cause the processor to implement the method of any one of claims 1-4.
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