CN116626744A - Screen pipe type seismic source for reverse VSP deep well seismic exploration - Google Patents
Screen pipe type seismic source for reverse VSP deep well seismic exploration Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/02—Generating seismic energy
- G01V1/104—Generating seismic energy using explosive charges
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
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Abstract
The invention provides a screen pipe type seismic source for reverse VSP deep well seismic exploration, which comprises an excitation section, a charging section, a screen pipe and a tail plug, wherein the charging section is positioned in the screen pipe and is connected with an inner cabin of the excitation section to form a high-pressure-resistant sealed cabin, and two ends of the screen pipe are respectively connected with the excitation section and the tail plug. The screen tube type seismic source for the reverse VSP deep well seismic exploration solves the problems that a traditional seismic explosive column cannot safely detonate in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment of a deep well and generate seismic waves with enough energy, and provides a seismic source which can be excited in the deep well and has enough high energy density so as to meet the engineering requirement of the reverse VSP deep well for excitation seismic exploration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of physical explosion seismic sources, in particular to a reverse VSP deep well seismic exploration screen pipe type seismic source.
Background
With the increasing difficulty of oil and gas field mineral exploration and development, the precision of the seismic data obtained by the conventional exploration means is difficult to meet the current requirements of seismic exploration. Thus, a VSP (Vertical Seismic Profiling) seismic exploration method has emerged, received in a surface-excited, deep well, that utilizes direct and reflected waves to investigate the near-well construction and lithology. However, the conventional VSP technology has the problems of low underground detection level, high cost, uneven distribution of ground excitation shots and the like, and severely restricts the exploration operation efficiency. The above problems are effectively solved by employing a reverse VSP technique for well stimulation and surface reception. The reverse VSP technology excites the seismic source underground with the depth of thousands of meters, and the direct wave and the reflected wave are recorded through a detector arranged on the ground, so that more abundant, precise and effective stratum data can be obtained through single excitation, and the reverse VSP technology has the advantages of flexible setting of acquisition points, low cost, high efficiency and the like.
The conventional seismic exploration and VSP technology both adopt a ground (depth of several meters to tens of meters) explosion method to generate seismic waves, the explosion speed and the energy density of the used seismic source are low, TNT is forbidden due to the factors such as the production process and pollution, the energy density of the emulsion explosive is low and is not easy to store, and the detonation performance of the emulsion explosive is influenced by the desensitization effect of the temperature and the pressure. The current seismic source can not meet the operation requirements of stable detonation in the high-temperature (60-70 ℃) and high-pressure (20-30 MPa) environments under the reverse VSP well. In addition, the underground excitation source needs to have enough safety, reliability and environmental protection, wherein the problems of stability of the exciter and explosive in the process of descending the well and stable detonation and detonation capability of the exciter and explosive column, blockage and pollution of extra fragments and chemical substances to the environment in the well and the like are avoided, wherein the stability of the exciter and explosive in the process of descending the well and the underground explosion pressure do not damage a well wall sleeve and a well cementation device. Therefore, the reverse VSP seismic source needs to meet the characteristics of high energy density, high stability and reliability, no debris, high temperature and high pressure resistance and the like, and the currently disclosed seismic exploration seismic source cannot be directly applied to underground blasting operation of the reverse VSP.
In application number: in the Chinese patent application of CN20090015021. X, a seismic prospecting explosive source by a reverse vertical seismic profile method is related, and the seismic source consists of a safety mechanism body, a piston type detonator seat, a pressure spring, a detonator, a rubber protector, a booster device, a reducer union, a detonating cord device, a shell, a buffer material, a detonating powder column, a main explosive and a centralizer. The safety mechanism body is internally provided with a piston type detonator seat and a rubber protector, the detonator and a pressure spring are arranged in the piston type detonator seat, the lower end of the safety mechanism body is connected with a reducing joint, the lower end of the safety mechanism body is connected with a shell filled with a buffer material, a detonating cord device and an initiating explosive column, and all the connecting parts are sealed by adopting high-temperature resistant sealing parts. The invention adopts a brittle metal shell, a pressed high-density high-temperature resistant explosive is arranged in the brittle metal shell, the explosive amount of the explosive can be increased or decreased and regulated according to the energy requirement of exploration, and the energy of explosion can be transmitted to the ground for receiving through an oil well casing and a well cementation cement sheath.
In application number: in the Chinese patent application of CN97245556.6, a directional explosion delay superposition seismic source for geological exploration is related, and belongs to the technical field of seismic exploration. The seismic source is a cylindrical integral seismic source formed by two, three or more unit directional explosive charge structures and connecting pipes thereof. The top of the first stage unit is provided with a detonation device, and the tops of the middle unit and the last stage unit are provided with a firing box. The charge housing of each unit is internally provided with an excitation grain and a metal excitation element. The coupling hoop at the upper end of the charging shell is internally provided with a percussion medicine box. The earthquake focus is automatically delayed to detonate step by step, the energy is overlapped step by step and transmitted downwards, the earthquake wave energy is large, the frequency is high, the surface interference is small, the application is convenient and wide, and the earthquake focus is safe and reliable.
In application number: in the chinese patent application CN97245557.4, a directional explosion seismic hammer for geological exploration is related, which belongs to the seismic exploration excitation source. The device mainly comprises a shell, a detonation device, a main explosive column, a directional explosion excitation element, an impact plunger, a cover plate, a coupling explosive column and a hammer head. The detonating device is arranged at the upper end of the shell, the main explosive column and the directional explosion excitation element are arranged at the upper part in the shell, the impact plunger is arranged at the middle part in the shell, and the hammer head is arranged at the lower end of the shell. The inner cavity of the hammer head is provided with a coupling grain. The seismic hammer can convert more explosion energy into seismic wave energy, reduces upward impact energy and surface interference, improves seismic wave frequency and has higher resolution.
The prior art is greatly different from the invention, the technical problem which is needed to be solved by the invention is not solved, and a novel reverse VSP deep well seismic exploration screen pipe type seismic source is invented for the purpose.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a reverse VSP deep well seismic exploration screen type seismic source which can be excited in a deep well and has high enough energy density to meet engineering requirements of reverse VSP deep well excitation seismic exploration.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical measures: the screen type seismic source for the reverse VSP deep well seismic exploration comprises an excitation section, a charging section, a screen pipe and a tail plug, wherein the charging section is positioned in the screen pipe and is connected with an inner cabin of the excitation section to form a high-pressure-resistant sealed cabin, and two ends of the screen pipe are respectively connected with the excitation section and the tail plug.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical measures:
the excitation section comprises an excitation electrode, an insulating layer, a pressure switch and a detonation device, wherein the excitation electrode is positioned at the front end of the excitation section, a certain thickness of insulating layer interval is adopted between the excitation section and a shell of the excitation section, the front end of the excitation electrode is connected with a nylon at the end part of a cable special for oil-gas well blasting, and the rear end of the excitation electrode extends into the detonation device and is connected with the pressure switch; the pressure switch is in an open state in the seismic source assembling and well descending operation process, and is closed under the action of external well liquid high-pressure environment only after the seismic source descends to a certain safe well depth, and a high-voltage pulse transmitted to the excitation electrode from a cable can act on the detonation device connected with the rear end through the pressure switch; the front end of the detonating device is connected with the pressure switch, and the tail end is connected with the charging section.
The priming device adopts one of an electric detonator, a magneto-electric detonator, a digital detonator and a flying piece detonator without priming agent which are special for oil gas well blasting operation.
The excitation section shell is made of high-strength steel, the insulating layer is made of ceramic materials and is insulated under high pressure, and the connection tightness can resist well hydraulic pressure of 3-5km depth in the well.
The explosive charging section comprises an explosive conveying rope, a explosive column and a spacer, wherein the explosive charging section is a brittle thick-wall cylinder with one end being closed and one section being open, the explosive conveying rope, the explosive column and the spacer are filled in the explosive charging section, and the open end is in threaded sealing connection with the excitation section to form a sealed cabin; the detonating cord is a flexible and high detonation wave transmission element, penetrates through the center holes of the explosive column and the spacer from top to bottom and is used for rapidly detonating all the charges; the explosive column is an insensitive high-energy mixed high explosive, and all the formula powders are fully mixed according to a certain proportion and then pressed by a die; the spacers are non-energetic insulating materials used to adjust the charge density of the source line.
And a heat insulation layer is laid between the inner wall of the charging section and the grain and between the charging section and the spacer.
The heat insulating layer is made of one of heat insulating asbestos, porous rubber, composite foam and heat insulating adhesive.
The explosion speed of the detonating cord is 7000m/s, and one of the plastic high-temperature detonating cord and the metal high-temperature detonating cord is adopted.
The thickness of the wall of the charging section is more than 5mm, and the charging section can bear the pressure of a deep well; meanwhile, the circumferential V-shaped groove with the surface depth of 1-2mm is processed and is used as a preset defect of shell crushing so that the shell can be fully crushed; the shell is made of metal with high brittleness, and is one of cast iron, cast steel and zinc alloy.
The charging section adopts a single cylindrical structure or is assembled by adopting a plurality of units in series connection, and the serial connection interface of each unit has the sealing performance of resisting the high pressure of a deep well.
The explosive column is hollow cylindrical, the diameter of the central hole is slightly larger than the diameter of the detonating cord, the outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the explosive charging section, the height is 30-50mm, and the explosive charging section is filled with a plurality of explosive columns.
The grain consists of the following components in parts by weight: the preparation method comprises the steps of fully stirring and mixing the components during preparation, filling the components into a mould, and pressing the components into high-density grains under high pressure, wherein the components comprise 70-80 parts of passivated black solet, 3-5 parts of paraffin, 5-15 parts of metal powder and 5-15 parts of passivating agent.
The metal powder in the grain is one or more of aluminum powder, nickel powder and copper powder.
The passivating agent in the grain is one or a combination of more of nano rubber particles, silicon dioxide particles and clay particles.
The spacer is made of non-explosive and high-temperature resistant materials such as rubber, bakelite and nylon.
The sieve tube is a round steel tube with certain inner and outer diameters and wall thickness, and is made of high-strength steel, and pressure relief holes with certain diameters penetrating through the inner and outer tube walls are densely distributed on the side surface of the sieve tube.
The excitation section is connected with the sieve tube, the charging section and the sieve tube are connected with the tail plugging by adopting threads and sealing grooves.
The screen pipe type seismic source for the reverse VSP deep well seismic exploration solves the problems that the traditional seismic explosive column cannot safely detonate in the high-temperature and high-pressure environment of the deep well and generate enough energy seismic waves, and has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:
1. compared with the existing seismic source bomb and seismic source explosive column, the seismic source explosive provided by the invention adopts high explosive with high detonation velocity, stable detonation performance, high temperature resistance, safety and insensitive, and has the advantages of high energy density, small explosive loading and the like. In addition, the metal powder is used as additive for charging, so that the explosion heat of the explosive and the pulse energy of the underwater explosion gas cannon are further improved, and the earthquake wave signal is further enhanced. Finally, the vibration source charging and the detonation device are sealed in a sealing cavity formed by the front end plugging and the shell, and the influence of the temperature in the well on the charging is further reduced by adopting heat insulation glue, so that the vibration source still has stable excitation and detonation performance under the high-temperature and high-pressure environment of a deep well.
2. The invention adopts the brittle metal material with preset defects as the charging shell, so that on one hand, the interference of underground high temperature and high pressure on detonation of the explosive can be resisted, on the other hand, the size of fragments of the shell after explosion can be accurately controlled, and the fragments of the shell are recovered by utilizing the sieve tube, so that the pollution to the environment in the well is prevented.
3. The invention adopts the sieve tube to recycle the shell fragments, and does not pollute the underground environment. The pressure relief holes on the side surface of the screen pipe can ensure that the explosion pressure is smoothly transmitted to the well pipe through well fluid to generate earthquake waves, and meanwhile, the screen pipe can ensure that the screen pipe has enough strength to resist internal explosion, the radial plastic deformation of the screen pipe is controlled within a specified range, and the screen pipe is ensured to be smoothly lifted out of the well pipe after being excited.
4. The seismic source provided by the invention adopts the cable special for perforation transportation and excitation in the oil and gas well exploitation process, can also adopt a method of connecting a plurality of screen pipes in series and increasing the loading capacity to improve the signal of seismic waves, can also adjust the loading capacity of a single-stage seismic source through the number of the spacers, and has the advantages of accurate positioning, flexible operation and high efficiency.
5. The inner main charge column adopts spaced charge, so that the linear charge density of a seismic source can be flexibly adjusted, and the local damage of continuous high pressure generated in the detonation process of continuous charge to the wall of the well pipe can be effectively inhibited. The main explosive columns are sequentially detonated by the high-explosion-speed explosive-transmitting rope, the detonation delay time of each explosive column can be effectively controlled at microsecond level, and the shock waves generated by explosion of each explosive column form multiple superposition in consideration of factors of narrow space in a well and higher shock wave speed of well liquid, so that the shock wave peak value acting on the inner wall of a well pipe can be effectively reduced, the acting time is prolonged, and a seismic wave signal with more abundant frequency is obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a reverse VSP deep well seismic survey screen pipe source of the present invention;
in the figure; the device comprises a 1-excitation section, a 2-charging section, a 3-sieve tube, a 4-tail plug, a 5-excitation electrode, a 6-insulating layer, a 7-pressure switch, an 8-detonating device, a 9-explosion propagation rope, 10-explosive columns, 11-spacers, 12-heat insulation layers, 13-pressure relief holes and 14-sealing rings.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, the singular forms also are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, and/or combinations thereof.
The invention relates to a screen type seismic source for reverse VSP deep well seismic exploration, which comprises an excitation section, a charging section, a screen pipe and a tail plugging. The charging section is positioned in the screen pipe and is connected with the inner cabin of the excitation section to form a high-pressure-resistant sealed cabin, and two ends of the screen pipe are respectively connected with the excitation section and the tail part for blocking. The excitation section comprises an excitation electrode, an insulating layer, a pressure switch and an initiation device, and the front end of the excitation section can be electrically and mechanically connected with a nylon at the end part of a cable special for oil and gas well blasting; the excitation electrode is positioned at the front end of the excitation section, an insulation layer with a certain thickness is adopted between the excitation electrode and the shell of the excitation section, the front end of the excitation electrode is connected with the nylon, and the rear end of the excitation electrode extends into the detonation cabin of the excitation section and is connected with the pressure switch; the pressure switch is in an open state in the process of seismic source assembly and well descending operation, and the switch is closed under the action of external well liquid high-pressure environment only after the seismic source descends to a certain safe well depth, and a high-voltage pulse transmitted to the excitation electrode from the cable can act on the detonation device connected with the rear end through the pressure switch; the front end of the detonating device in the excitation section is connected with a pressure switch, and the tail end of the detonating device is connected with an explosion transmission rope extending from the charging section to the cabin; the detonating cord is a flexible detonation wave transmission element with high detonation velocity, and the self-detonating cabin penetrates through the central holes of all main explosive columns and the spacers to rapidly detonate all the explosive columns; the explosive column is an insensitive high-energy mixed high explosive, and all the formula powders are fully mixed according to a certain proportion and then pressed by a die; the spacer is made of non-energy-containing insulating materials and is used for adjusting the charge density of the seismic source line; the explosive charging section is a brittle thick-wall cylinder with one end closing a section of opening, explosive columns and spacers are filled in the explosive charging section, and the opening end is in threaded sealing connection with the excitation section to form a sealed cabin; a heat insulation layer is laid between the inner wall of the charging section and the grain and the interval; the sieve tube is a round steel tube with certain inner and outer diameters and wall thickness and is made of high-strength steel, and pressure relief holes with certain diameters penetrating through the inner and outer tube walls are densely distributed on the side surface of the sieve tube; the excitation section is connected with the sieve tube, the excitation section is connected with the charging section, and the sieve tube is connected with the tail part plugging by adopting threads and sealing grooves.
The excitation section shell is made of high-strength steel, the excitation electrode and the shell are insulated by ceramic materials at high voltage, and the connection tightness can resist the well hydraulic pressure of 3-5km depth in the well;
the screen pipe is a thick-wall cylinder made of high-strength steel, the area of a pressure relief hole formed in the side face of the cylinder body is 50% -60% of the area of the side face of the screen pipe, so that on one hand, explosion pressure can be quickly transmitted to an outer-layer well pipe through well fluid, on the other hand, the screen pipe can retain enough strength, radial plastic expansion is restrained, and therefore the seismic source can be smoothly lifted out of the well pipe after excitation;
the priming device is one of an electric detonator, a magneto-electric detonator, a digital detonator and a flying piece detonator without priming agent which are special for the blasting operation of the oil gas well.
The explosion speed of the detonating cord is about 7000m/s, and the detonating cord is one of a plastic high-temperature detonating cord and a metal high-temperature detonating cord.
The thickness of the wall of the charging section is more than 5mm, so that the charging section can bear the pressure of a deep well; meanwhile, the circumferential V-shaped groove with the surface depth of 1-2mm is processed and is used as a preset defect of shell crushing so that the shell can be fully crushed; the shell is made of metal with high brittleness, and can be one of cast iron, cast steel and zinc alloy. The charging section can be of a single cylindrical structure or can be assembled by adopting a plurality of units in series connection, but the serial connection interface of each unit has the sealing performance of resisting deep well high pressure;
the explosive column is in a hollow cylinder shape, the diameter of the central hole is slightly larger than the diameter of the detonating cord, the outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the explosive charging section, the height is 30-50mm, and the explosive charging section is divided into a plurality of explosive columns to be filled into the explosive charging section shell; further, the grain consists of the following components in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of passivated black soljin, 3-5 parts of paraffin, 5-15 parts of metal powder and 5-15 parts of passivating agent. The preparation method comprises mixing the above materials, filling into a mold, and pressing under high pressure (10-20 MPa) to obtain high density (1.6-1.7 g/cm) 3 ) And (5) a grain.
The metal powder in the grain can be one or more of aluminum powder, nickel powder and copper powder.
The spacer is made of non-explosive and high-temperature resistant materials such as rubber, bakelite, nylon and the like.
The passivating agent in the grain can be one or a combination of a plurality of nano rubber particles, silicon dioxide particles and clay particles.
The heat insulating layer between the explosive column and the shell unit is one of heat insulating asbestos, porous rubber, composite foam, heat insulating glue and other materials with low heat conductivity coefficient.
The following are several embodiments of the invention
Example 1
In one embodiment 1 to which the present invention is applied, as shown in fig. 1, a source for reverse VSP deep well seismic exploration includes: the device comprises an excitation section 1, a charging section 2, a screen pipe 3 and a tail plug 4. Wherein the excitation section 1 comprises an excitation electrode 5, an insulating layer 6, a pressure switch 7 and an initiating device 8. The explosive loading section comprises an explosion propagation rope 9, explosive columns 10, a spacer 11 and a heat insulation layer 12, and a plurality of pressure relief holes 13 are uniformly distributed on the side surface of the test tube 3. The excitation section 1, the charging section 2, the sieve tube 3 and the tail plug 4 are all in threaded connection, and high-pressure sealing is realized through an internal sealing ring 14. The front end plug 1, the screen pipe 3 and the tail end plug 4 are all made of 26CrMo4, and the tensile strength after heat treatment is not lower than 800MPa.
The front end of the excitation section 1 can be mechanically and electrically connected with the nylon, the center is an excitation electrode 5 for transmitting a cable detonation signal, a ceramic insulating layer 6 is arranged between the electrode 5 and the excitation section 1, and the insulating thickness is not less than 3mm. The tail of the excitation electrode 5 is connected with the front end of the pressure switch 7, the pressure switch 7 is kept open under normal pressure, and is closed only under high pressure in the deep well environment, so that the subsequent detonating cord and explosive column can be protected; the tail of the pressure switch 7 is connected with the front end of the initiating device 8, an explosive-free flying piece detonator is arranged in the pressure switch, the inner side of the excitation section 1 is tightly connected with the charging section 2 through threads and a sealing ring, a heat-resistant and pressure-resistant sealed cabin is provided for the initiating device 8, the detonating cord 9, the explosive column 10, the spacer 11 and the heat insulation layer 12, the outer side of the excitation section 1 is in threaded connection with the screen pipe 2, and the excitation electrode end is connected with a screw tap of a cable car.
The detonating cord is a special temperature-resistant detonating cord for an oil and gas well with the detonation velocity of 7000m/s and the diameter of 5mm, penetrates through the centers of the explosive column and the spacer and extends into the detonation cabin;
the inner diameter of the charging section is 30mm, the outer diameter is 46mm, the wall thickness is 8mm, the thickness of the internal heat insulation layer is 3mm, circumferential notch grooves with the surface interval of 30mm, the processing depth of 2mm and the width of 2mm are used as prefabrication defects, the length of a single shell unit is 250mm, so that the uniformity of shell crushing after the explosion of a seismic source is improved, and the screen pipe is convenient for recovering fragments.
Example 2
In a specific example 2 to which the present invention is applied, when preparing a main charge column, black soljin, ultrafine aluminum powder, nano rubber particles, paraffin wax are mixed according to a ratio of 75:15:5:5 parts of the components are fully mixed and then are put into a drug pressing die for pressingHigh density cylindrical main charge with a central through hole; the density of the grain is 1.65g/cm 3 The detonation velocity is 5600m/s, the outer diameter of the grain is 24mm, the inner diameter is 7mm, and the height is 50mm.
The grain and the spacer are alternately and sequentially arranged in the shell, the surface of the grain and the spacer is wrapped with an asbestos heat insulation layer, the thickness is 3mm, the influence of high temperature in a well on the charge is reduced, and the size of the spacer is consistent with that of the grain. When spacers with the same size as the grains are used for alternately charging the grains, the linear density of the seismic source charging is about 340g/m; the linear density of the seismic charge can be controlled to be 680g/m at maximum by adjusting the proportion of the explosive column and the spacer and the filling length.
The pressure relief holes are densely distributed on the sieve tube, the aperture is 10mm, the hole center spacing is 30mm, the pressure relief holes are regularly arranged along the axial direction and the annular direction, and the side opening rate is about 50%. The charging shell is supported by cast iron with the thickness of 6mm, a circle of annular preset defects are machined at intervals of 20mm, and the depth of the defects is 2mm.
Example 3
In a specific example 3 to which the present invention is applied, when preparing the main charge column, the following components of the black solet, the superfine nickel powder, the silicon dioxide particles and the paraffin wax are mixed according to the proportion of 70:12:15:3, fully mixing the components in parts by weight, and then filling the mixture into a medicine pressing mold to press a high-density cylindrical main medicine column with a central through hole; the density of the grain is 1.6g/cm 3 Explosion speed is 5800m/s, the outer diameter of the grain is 24mm, the inner diameter is 7mm, and the height is 40mm.
The grain and the spacer are alternately and sequentially arranged in the shell, the surface of the grain and the spacer is wrapped with a layer of asbestos porous rubber heat insulation layer, the thickness is 3.5mm, the influence of high temperature in a well on the charge is reduced, and the size of the spacer is consistent with that of the grain. When spacers with the same size as the grains are used for alternately charging the grains, the linear density of the seismic source charging is about 340g/m; the linear density of the seismic charge can be controlled to be 680g/m at maximum by adjusting the proportion of the explosive column and the spacer and the filling length.
The pressure relief holes are densely distributed on the sieve tube, the aperture is 10mm, the hole center spacing is 30mm, the pressure relief holes are regularly arranged along the axial direction and the annular direction, and the side opening rate is about 60%. The charging shell is supported by cast iron with the thickness of 6mm, a circle of annular preset defects are machined at intervals of 20mm, and the defect depth is 1.5mm.
Example 4
In a specific example 4 to which the present invention was applied, when preparing a main charge, black soldier, ultra-fine copper powder, clay particles, paraffin wax were mixed according to 80:5:11:4, fully mixing the components in parts by weight, and then filling the mixture into a medicine pressing mold to press a high-density cylindrical main medicine column with a central through hole; the density of the grain is 1.7g/cm 3 The detonation velocity is 6300m/s, the outer diameter of the explosive column is 24mm, the inner diameter is 7mm, and the height is 30mm.
The grain and the spacer are alternately and sequentially arranged in the shell, the surface of the grain and the spacer is wrapped with a layer of composite foam heat insulation layer, the thickness is 4mm, the influence of high temperature in a well on the charge is reduced, and the size of the spacer is consistent with that of the grain. When spacers with the same size as the grains are used for alternately charging the grains, the linear density of the seismic source charging is about 340g/m; the linear density of the seismic charge can be controlled to be 680g/m at maximum by adjusting the proportion of the explosive column and the spacer and the filling length.
The pressure relief holes are densely distributed on the sieve tube, the aperture is 10mm, the hole center spacing is 30mm, the pressure relief holes are regularly arranged along the axial direction and the annular direction, and the side opening rate is about 55%. The charging shell is supported by cast iron with the thickness of 6mm, a circle of annular preset defects are machined at intervals of 20mm, and the defect depth is 1mm.
Example 5
In a specific embodiment 5 of the invention, the front end of the assembled seismic source is directly connected with the nylon, a cable car is used for hoisting, the seismic source is lowered to a certain well depth, a pressure switch is closed, then the ground cable car sends a high-voltage pulse electric signal to excite the seismic source, data acquisition is carried out on the ground, and finally the seismic source is hoisted out through a cable to recover shell fragments, so that the operation can be completed.
The cable is adopted to convey the seismic source to a certain depth underground, and the nylon at the end of the cable is used for exciting a high-energy exciter in the detonation cabin, the exciter is used for detonating the detonating cord, and the detonating cord is used for detonating the main charging column in sequence. After explosion, the cast iron shell is broken into fragments with moderate sizes according to the annular direction of preset defects, and all fragments fall into the sieve tube. Part of the explosion energy is used for crushing the charge shell, the other part of the explosion energy compresses the well liquid in the screen pipe to generate shock waves, the shock waves generated by a plurality of explosive columns are mutually overlapped and spread outwards, the pressure is transmitted into the well liquid outside the seismic source through the pressure relief hole, and finally the pressure is acted on the inner wall of the well pipe to form seismic waves with rich frequency characteristics.
The high-density and high-energy high-explosive is adopted, the dosage required by a single operation is smaller, but the energy density of the generated seismic wave is higher. The sealed cabin formed by the front end plugging and the shell is used for realizing stable detonation of the detonation device and the explosive charge in the high-temperature and high-pressure environment in the well, the linear explosive charge density of the seismic source can be properly adjusted by adjusting the length of the spacer and the length of the explosive charge, the energy density of the seismic wave is ensured on the premise of ensuring the safety of the well pipe, and in addition, the seismic wave intensity can be improved by axially increasing the multistage sieve tube.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiment, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the technical solution described in the foregoing embodiment, or equivalents may be substituted for some of the technical features thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Other than the technical features described in the specification, all are known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (17)
1. The screen type seismic source for the reverse VSP deep well seismic exploration is characterized by comprising an excitation section, a charging section, a screen pipe and a tail plug, wherein the charging section is positioned in the screen pipe and is connected with an inner cabin of the excitation section to form a high-pressure-resistant sealed cabin, and two ends of the screen pipe are respectively connected with the excitation section and the tail plug.
2. The screen type seismic source for reverse VSP deep well seismic exploration according to claim 1, wherein the excitation section comprises an excitation electrode, an insulating layer, a pressure switch and an initiating device, the excitation electrode is located at the front end of the excitation section, a certain thickness of insulating layer interval is adopted between the excitation section and the shell of the excitation section, the front end of the excitation electrode is connected with a nylon at the end of a special cable for oil and gas well explosion, and the rear end of the excitation electrode extends into the initiating device and is connected with the pressure switch; the pressure switch is in an open state in the seismic source assembling and well descending operation process, and is closed under the action of external well liquid high-pressure environment only after the seismic source descends to a certain safe well depth, and a high-voltage pulse transmitted to the excitation electrode from a cable can act on the detonation device connected with the rear end through the pressure switch; the front end of the detonating device is connected with the pressure switch, and the tail end is connected with the charging section.
3. The inverted VSP deep well seismic screen type seismic source of claim 2, wherein the initiation device is one of an electric detonator, a magneto-electric detonator, a digital detonator and an explosive-free flying piece detonator dedicated for oil and gas well blasting operations.
4. The inverted VSP deep well seismic screen type seismic source of claim 2, wherein the excitation section housing is made of high strength steel, the insulating layer is made of ceramic material for high voltage insulation, and the connection tightness is resistant to well hydraulic pressure of 3-5km depth downhole.
5. The screen type seismic source for reverse VSP deep well seismic exploration according to claim 1, wherein the charging section comprises a detonating cord, a grain and a spacer, the charging section is a brittle thick-wall cylinder with one end closed with a section of opening, the detonating cord, the grain and the spacer are filled in the charging section, and the opening end is in threaded sealing connection with the excitation section to form a sealed cabin; the detonating cord is a flexible and high detonation wave transmission element, penetrates through the center holes of the explosive column and the spacer from top to bottom and is used for rapidly detonating all the charges; the explosive column is an insensitive high-energy mixed high explosive, and all the formula powders are fully mixed according to a certain proportion and then pressed by a die; the spacers are non-energetic insulating materials used to adjust the charge density of the source line.
6. The inverted VSP deep well seismic screen type seismic source of claim 5, wherein a thermal insulating layer is provided between the inner wall of the charge section and the grain and the spacer.
7. The inverted VSP deep well seismic screen pipe seismic source of claim 6, wherein the insulating layer is one of insulating asbestos, porous rubber, syntactic foam, and insulating gel having a low thermal conductivity.
8. The reverse VSP deep well seismic screen pipe type seismic source of claim 5, wherein the explosion velocity of the detonating cord is 7000m/s, and one of a plastic high temperature detonating cord and a metal high temperature detonating cord is adopted.
9. The reverse VSP deep well seismic survey screen pipe type seismic source of claim 5, wherein the thickness of the wall of the charging section is greater than 5mm, capable of withstanding deep well pressure; meanwhile, the circumferential V-shaped groove with the surface depth of 1-2mm is processed and is used as a preset defect of shell crushing so that the shell can be fully crushed; the shell is made of metal with high brittleness, and is one of cast iron, cast steel and zinc alloy.
10. The inverted VSP deep well seismic survey screen pipe type seismic source of claim 5, wherein the charging section is of a single cylindrical structure or is assembled by connecting a plurality of units in series, and each unit serial connection has sealing performance of resisting deep well high pressure.
11. The screen type seismic source for reverse VSP deep well seismic exploration according to claim 5, wherein the explosive column is hollow cylindrical, the diameter of the central hole is slightly larger than the diameter of the detonating cord, the outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the explosive charging section, the height is 30-50mm, and a plurality of explosive columns are filled into the casing of the explosive charging section.
12. The inverted VSP deep well seismic screen type seismic source of claim 5, wherein the grain is composed of the following parts by weight: the preparation method comprises the steps of fully stirring and mixing the components during preparation, filling the components into a mould, and pressing the components into high-density grains under high pressure, wherein the components comprise 70-80 parts of passivated black solet, 3-5 parts of paraffin, 5-15 parts of metal powder and 5-15 parts of passivating agent.
13. The inverted VSP deep well seismic screen pipe seismic source of claim 11, wherein the metal powder in the grain is one or more of aluminum powder, nickel powder, copper powder.
14. The inverted VSP deep well seismic screen pipe seismic source of claim 11, wherein the passivating agent in the grain is one or a combination of a plurality of nano-rubber particles, silica particles, clay particles.
15. The inverted VSP deep well seismic screen type seismic source of claim 5, wherein the spacer is made of non-explosive, high temperature resistant materials such as rubber, bakelite, nylon.
16. The inverted VSP deep well seismic screen pipe seismic source of claim 1, wherein the screen pipe is a circular steel pipe having a certain inner and outer diameter and wall thickness, made of high strength steel, and the screen pipe side is densely covered with pressure relief holes having a certain diameter penetrating the inner and outer pipe walls.
17. The inverted VSP deep well seismic screen type seismic source of claim 1, wherein the excitation section is connected to the screen, the excitation section is connected to the charge section, and the screen is connected to the tail plug by a screw thread and a seal groove.
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| CN202210129443.5A CN116626744A (en) | 2022-02-11 | 2022-02-11 | Screen pipe type seismic source for reverse VSP deep well seismic exploration |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210129443.5A CN116626744A (en) | 2022-02-11 | 2022-02-11 | Screen pipe type seismic source for reverse VSP deep well seismic exploration |
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| CN202210129443.5A Pending CN116626744A (en) | 2022-02-11 | 2022-02-11 | Screen pipe type seismic source for reverse VSP deep well seismic exploration |
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