CN116576974B - Self-calibration method of multichannel microwave radiometer - Google Patents

Self-calibration method of multichannel microwave radiometer Download PDF

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CN116576974B
CN116576974B CN202310860920.XA CN202310860920A CN116576974B CN 116576974 B CN116576974 B CN 116576974B CN 202310860920 A CN202310860920 A CN 202310860920A CN 116576974 B CN116576974 B CN 116576974B
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radiometer
sky
temperature
blackbody
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CN116576974A (en
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李志乾
邹靖
仇志金
胡桐
王波
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Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation Shandong Academy of Sciences
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/90—Testing, inspecting or checking operation of radiation pyrometers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/52—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using comparison with reference sources, e.g. disappearing-filament pyrometer
    • G01J5/53—Reference sources, e.g. standard lamps; Black bodies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-calibration method of a multichannel microwave radiometer, which relates to the field of atmospheric microwave remote sensing detection and comprises the steps of adopting a liquid nitrogen-blackbody calibration method to determine a calibration equation; obtaining a blackbody bright temperature value and a blackbody bright temperature value measured when a noise diode is started through the calibration equation, and determining a new calibration equation by adopting a noise injection calibration method; and correcting the equivalent brightness temperature of the noise power by a tilt curve calibration method. According to the self-calibration method of the multichannel microwave radiometer, only one-time liquid nitrogen-blackbody calibration is needed, and the calibration drift amount is automatically corrected through the self-calibration module built in microwave radiation, so that the brightness temperature output precision of the microwave radiometer is effectively improved, the problem that the deviation between the actually measured brightness temperature of the current microwave radiometer and the simulated brightness temperature calculated according to the mode is overlarge is solved, and an accurate and reliable data source is provided for atmospheric remote sensing of the microwave radiometer.

Description

Self-calibration method of multichannel microwave radiometer
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of atmospheric microwave remote sensing detection, in particular to a self-calibration method of a multichannel microwave radiometer.
Background
The multichannel microwave radiometer is a passive remote sensing tool, the atmospheric microwave radiation bright temperature signals received by the antenna are integral quantities with parameters such as atmospheric temperature, humidity and pressure on different height layers as hidden functions, and the atmospheric physical parameters such as temperature and humidity on different height layers can be inverted by utilizing the characteristic signals through designing advanced algorithm and regularization condition constraint.
The actual output of a microwave radiometer is the voltage value for which a quantitative relationship between the radiometer output voltage signal and the received radiometer value needs to be accurately constructed, a process called radiometer calibration. The calibration is an important premise of utilizing the microwave radiometer to measure, and the calibration precision directly influences the measurement of the microwave radiometer on the atmospheric bright temperature, thereby influencing the remote sensing of the atmospheric environment parameters.
With the aging of equipment and devices, the performance of the microwave radiometer becomes unstable, and in order to prevent excessive temperature drift, the microwave radiometer needs to be calibrated for one time within 2-3 months to ensure the measurement accuracy. Common calibration methods include a liquid nitrogen-blackbody calibration method, an injection noise calibration method and the like. Although the liquid nitrogen-blackbody method has high calibration precision, the defects of high price of liquid nitrogen, unsafe operation and inconvenient transportation and storage are overcome. The liquid nitrogen calibration is generally only suitable for microwave radiometers with small-caliber antennas, and is unsuitable for repeated use because the use of liquid nitrogen requires manual operation, and in a one-time liquid nitrogen-blackbody calibration period, an injection noise method is generally adopted, and the calibration method is useful, but the performance of a noise diode can drift, so that the calibration method is unsuitable for being used as a long-term calibration mode.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a self-calibration method of a multichannel microwave radiometer.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: a self-calibration method of a multichannel microwave radiometer comprises the following steps: step 1, adopting a liquid nitrogen-blackbody calibration method during the first calibration, and determining a calibration equation as follows:
T＝a·V+b
wherein T is temperature, V is voltage,is black, bright and warm>An output voltage when the antenna of the microwave radiometer points to the black body; />Is equivalent to liquid nitrogen with bright temperature->An output voltage when the antenna of the microwave radiometer points to liquid nitrogen;
step 2, obtaining a black body brightness temperature value T through the calibration equation in the step 1 BB And a black body brightness temperature value T measured when the noise diode is started BB+ND Adopting a noise injection calibration method to determine a new calibration equation as follows:
wherein T is b Is the brightness temperature value when the radiometer detects the target; v (V) out Is the output voltage value of the radiometer when the radiometer detects the target; v (V) BB Measuring an output voltage at a black body for the radiometer when the noise diode is turned off; v (V) BB+ND Aiming the radiometer at the output voltage value of the blackbody target after the noise diode is started, T ND Is equivalent brightness temperature of noise power, T ND ＝T BB+ND -T BB Wherein T is BB+ND Is V is BB+ND Substituting the brightness temperature value calculated in the step 1, which indicates that the radiometer is aligned to the blackbody target after the noise diode is started; t (T) BB Is V is BB Substituting the brightness temperature value calculated in the step 1, which indicates that the radiometer is aligned to the blackbody target after the noise diode is closed.
Step 3, calibrating the T in the step 2 by a tilt curve calibration method ND Correcting;
and 4, repeating the step 2-3 in a calibration period for self-calibration during subsequent use.
The self-calibration method of the multichannel microwave radiometer comprises the following steps of: aiming the radiometer antenna at a target blackbody, respectively opening and closing a noise diode to obtain an output voltage V BB And V BB+ND V is set up BB And V BB+ND Obtaining corresponding brightness temperature values T in the calibration equation obtained in the step 1 respectively BB And T BB+ND The equivalent noise injected by the diode is the difference between the two: t (T) ND ＝T BB+ND -T BB 。
The self-calibration method of the multichannel microwave radiometer comprises the following steps:
step 3.1, determining a scaling equation as:
wherein T is sky (θ) is the detected target bright temperature when the zenith angle is θ, V sky (θ) is the output voltage of the microwave radiometer detection target when the noise diode is turned on, V BB Measuring an output voltage at a black body for the radiometer when the noise diode is turned off; v (V) BB+ND Aiming the radiometer at the output voltage value of the blackbody target after the noise diode is started, T BB The brightness temperature value of the black body;
step 3.2, obtaining accurate T through step 2 ND Let T' ND ＝r·T ND Substituting into the calibration equation of the calibration equation step 3.1 to obtain T sky (θ 1 ) And T sky (θ 2 )；
Step 3.3, the total attenuation of the atmosphere is expressed by the bright temperature and the average radiation temperature:
wherein τ (θ) is the atmospheric opacity, T m For the average radiation temperature of the atmosphere T sky (θ) is the atmospheric bright temperature when the zenith angle is observed to be θ;
step 3.4, T obtained in step 3.2 sky (θ 1 ) And T sky (θ 2 ) Substituted into step 3.3 to obtain opacity τ (θ 1 ) And τ (θ) 2 ) From the relationship τ (θ) =τ (0 °) sec (θ)
Step 3.5, adjusting r such that t in step 3.4 1 ＝t 2 The r value at this time is the evaluated value;
step 3.6, substituting the r value obtained in step 3.5 into T 'in step 3.2' ND ＝r·T ND Obtaining corrected T' ND 。
The self-calibration method of the multichannel microwave radiometer comprises the following steps of 3.2, wherein the value range of the zenith angle theta is 0 degrees and 80 degrees.
The self-calibration method of the multichannel microwave radiometer comprises the following steps:
step 3.1, determining a scaling equation as:
wherein T is sky (θ) is the atmospheric bright temperature when observing the zenith angle of θ, V sky (theta) is the voltage value output by the circuit system of the microwave radiometer when the zenith angle is observed to be theta, V BB Measuring an output voltage at a black body for the radiometer when the noise diode is turned off; v (V) BB+ND Aiming the radiometer at the output voltage value of the blackbody target after the noise diode is started, T BB The brightness temperature value of the black body;
step 3.2, obtaining accurate T through step 2 ND Let T' ND ＝r·T ND Substituting into the calibration equation of the calibration equation step 3.1 to obtain T sky (θ 1 ) And T sky (θ 2 )；
Step 3.3, the total attenuation of the atmosphere is expressed by the bright temperature and the average radiation temperature:
where τ (θ) is the atmospheric opacity, T m For the average radiation temperature of the atmosphere T sky (θ) is the atmospheric bright temperature when the zenith angle is observed to be θ;
step 3.4, T obtained in step 3.2 sky (θ 1 ) And T sky (θ 2 ) Substituted into step 3.3 to obtain opacity τ (θ 1 ) And τ (θ) 2 ) From the relationship τ (θ) =τ (0 °) sec (θ), τ (0 °);
step 3.5 substituting τ (0 °) obtained in step 3.4 into T calculated in step 3.3 sky (0 °) willAnd (3) carrying out the calibration equation in the step 3.1, and calculating T' ND ，
Step 3.6, repeating steps 3.1-3.5 until T' ND And (3) stability.
The self-calibration method of the multichannel microwave radiometer comprises the following steps of: aligning the radiometer antenna with the liquid nitrogen and the target blackbody to obtain an output voltageAnd->Liquid nitrogen temperature->Known blackbody temperature->Two sets of data are measured by thermometer +.>Substituting into the scaling equation t=a·v+b, the parameters a, b are obtained.
The invention has the beneficial effects that the invention discloses a self-calibration method and a self-calibration flow of a multichannel microwave radiometer, frequent human intervention is not needed, only one-time liquid nitrogen-blackbody calibration is needed, the calibration drift amount is automatically corrected through a self-calibration module arranged in microwave radiation, the bright temperature output precision of the microwave radiometer is effectively improved, the problem that the deviation between the actual measured bright temperature of the current microwave radiometer and the simulated bright temperature calculated according to the mode is overlarge is solved, and an accurate and reliable data source is provided for atmospheric remote sensing of the microwave radiometer.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a liquid nitrogen-blackbody calibration flow scheme according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an injection noise calibration flow according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the calibration flow of the tilt curve of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and detailed description to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical scheme of the present invention.
The embodiment discloses a self-calibration method of a multichannel microwave radiometer, as shown in fig. 1, specifically comprising the following steps:
step 1, liquid nitrogen-blackbody calibration, the specific flow is shown in figure 2, firstly, assuming that the radiometer output voltage signal and the received radiation magnitude are in a linear relation, namely, the calibration equation is T=a.V+b, and respectively aligning the radiometer antenna with the liquid nitrogen and the target blackbody to obtain the output voltageAnd->Two sets of data (liquid nitrogen +.>And black body->Liquid nitrogen temperatureKnown blackbody temperature->Measured by a thermometer) is substituted into the scaling equation to obtain the values of parameters a and b:
the scaling equation t=a·v+b is determined.
Step 2, noise injection calibration, the specific process is shown in figure 3, the radiometer antenna is aligned to the target blackbody, the noise diode is opened and the noise diode is closed respectively, and the output voltage V is obtained BB And V BB+ND Respectively substituting the brightness values into the calibration equation to obtain corresponding brightness temperature values T BB And T BB+ND Then the equivalent noise injected by the diode is the difference between the two: t (T) ND ＝T BB+ND -T BB The new scaling equation is:
wherein T is b Is the brightness temperature value when the radiometer detects the target; t (T) BB Is a black body brightA temperature value; v (V) out Is the output voltage value of the radiometer when the radiometer detects the target; v (V) BB Measuring an output voltage at a black body for the radiometer when the noise diode is turned off; v (V) BB+ND The radiometer is aligned to the output voltage value of the blackbody target after the noise diode is turned on.
In which due to T ND Is unknown, thus requiring a T-pair prior to each scaling ND Initializing. T in short term ND The errors caused by the fluctuations are negligible, so that an absolute calibration of liquid nitrogen can be used in each cycle to calculate T ND And a noise injection scaling method can be used during this period; and T is ND The variation of (c) can be solved by tilt curve scaling.
And 3, calibrating the inclination curve. Specific procedure as shown in fig. 4, assuming that the atmospheric ideal level is stratified, τ (θ) =τ (0 °) sec (θ) is satisfied, which is a theoretical basis for the calibration of the tilt curve.
The actual output of the microwave radiometer is a voltage value, for which a quantitative relation between a radiometer output voltage signal and a received radiation quantity value needs to be accurately constructed, the process is called radiometer calibration, the microwave radiometer outputs a voltage signal of a detection target, the value of the voltage signal has no actual physical meaning, the physical property of the detected target cannot be reflected, the calibration process is to convert the voltage signal into the radiation quantity (bright temperature) with the actual physical meaning, and a conversion equation is T=a.V+b. The noise diode of the built-in circuit system of the microwave radiometer is closed, and when the antenna is aligned to the blackbody, the output voltage V of the system is measured BB Substituting the above conversion equation to obtain (T BB ,V BB ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the diode is turned on and the antenna is aligned to the black body, V is measured BB+ND Substituting the above conversion equation to obtain (T BB+ND ,V BB+ND ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Consider the 4 values above as known quantities; the diode is turned on, the antenna is aligned with the detection target, and V is measured sky (θ) is substituted into the above conversion equation to obtain (T) sky (θ),V sky (θ)), where V sky (θ) is known (circuitry output value), T sky (θ) unknown, is the quantity to be solved; since T and V are linear, it is apparent that these three points are collinear and can be foundAnd because of T ND ＝T BB+ND -T BB Thus assume a scaling equation
Wherein T is sky (θ) is the atmospheric bright temperature when observing the zenith angle of θ, V sky (theta) is the voltage value output by the circuit system of the microwave radiometer when the zenith angle is observed to be theta, V BB Measuring an output voltage at a black body for the radiometer when the noise diode is turned off; v (V) BB+ND Aiming the radiometer at the output voltage value of the blackbody target after the noise diode is started, T BB Is the bright temperature value of a black body, T ND ,V BB+ND ,V BB ,T BB Known, but due to T over a longer period of time ND Offset is generated, and T 'is also set for considering the transmission loss of the front end of the radiometer caused by the waveguide and the antenna housing (positioned in front of a noise source)' ND ＝r·T ND Correcting r by tilting curve scaling, thereby correcting the scaling equation T' ND 。
Accurate T using noise injection scaling ND Let new T' ND ＝r·T ND With scaling equationsThe value range of the zenith angle theta is [0 DEG, 80 DEG ]]Any two values theta are taken in the range of values 1 、θ 2 Obtaining T sky (θ 1 ) And T sky (θ 2 ) The total atmospheric attenuation is expressed in terms of bright and average radiant temperature:
the atmospheric average radiation temperature T is usually m Is regarded as a constant, and the value can be calculated by regression from the historical sounding data and the temperature T of the earth surface atmosphere g Presumption T m Is a value of (2).
Calculation of T from the calibration equation sky (θ 1 ) And T sky (θ 2 ) Reuse ofResulting in opacity τ (θ) 1 ) And τ (θ) 2 ) From the relationship τ (θ) =τ (0 °) sec (θ)
Adjusting r so that t 1 ＝t 2 The value of the correction factor r is thus derived.
Or:
using τ (θ) 1 ) And τ (θ) 2 ) By the following constitutionRelation (S)/(S)>Thus, τ (0 °) was regressed, and T was calculated using τ (0 °) sky (0 DEG), bringing into a calibration equation, and calculating T' ND Cycling back and forth until T' ND And (3) stability.
And 4, repeating the step 2-3 in a calibration period for self-calibration during subsequent use.
The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalent arrangements of this invention will occur to those skilled in the art, and are intended to be within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (6)

1. The self-calibration method of the multichannel microwave radiometer is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, adopting a liquid nitrogen-blackbody calibration method during the first calibration, and determining a calibration equation as follows:
T＝a·V+b
wherein T is temperature, V is voltage,is black, bright and warm>An output voltage when the antenna of the microwave radiometer points to the black body; />Is equivalent to liquid nitrogen with bright temperature->An output voltage when the antenna of the microwave radiometer points to liquid nitrogen;
step 2, obtaining a black body brightness temperature value T through the calibration equation in the step 1 BB And a black body brightness temperature value T measured when the noise diode is started BB+ND Adopting a noise injection calibration method to determine a new calibration equation as follows:
wherein T is b Is the brightness temperature value when the radiometer detects the target; v (V) out Is the output voltage value of the radiometer when the radiometer detects the target; v (V) BB Measuring an output voltage at a black body for the radiometer when the noise diode is turned off; v (V) BB+ND Aiming the radiometer at the output voltage value of the blackbody target after the noise diode is started, T ND Is equivalent brightness temperature of noise power, T ND ＝T BB+ND -T BB Wherein T is BB+ND Is V is BB+ND Substituting the brightness temperature value calculated in the step 1, which indicates that the radiometer is aligned to the blackbody target after the noise diode is started; t (T) BB Is V is BB Substituting the brightness temperature value of the radiometer aiming at the blackbody target after the noise diode is closed, which is obtained by calculation in the step 1;
step 3, calibrating the T in the step 2 by a tilt curve calibration method ND Correcting;
and 4, repeating the step 2-3 in a calibration period for self-calibration during subsequent use.
2. The self-calibration method of a multi-channel microwave radiometer according to claim 1, wherein said step 2 is specifically: aiming the radiometer antenna at a target blackbody, respectively opening and closing a noise diode to obtain an output voltage V BB And V BB+ND V is set up BB And V BB+ND Obtaining corresponding brightness temperature values T in the calibration equation obtained in the step 1 respectively BB And T BB+ND The equivalent noise injected by the diode is the difference between the two: t (T) ND ＝T BB+ND -T BB 。
3. The self-calibration method of a multi-channel microwave radiometer according to claim 1, wherein said step 3 specifically comprises:
step 3.1, determining a scaling equation as:
wherein T is sky (θ) is the detected target bright temperature when the zenith angle is θ, V sky (θ) is the output voltage of the microwave radiometer detection target when the noise diode is turned on, V BB Measuring an output voltage at a black body for the radiometer when the noise diode is turned off; v (V) BB+ND Aiming the radiometer at the output voltage value of the blackbody target after the noise diode is started, T BB The brightness temperature value of the black body;
step 3.2, obtaining accurate T through step 2 ND Let T' ND ＝r·T ND Substituting into the calibration equation of the calibration equation step 3.1 to obtain T sky (θ 1 ) And T sky (θ 2 )；
Step 3.3, the total attenuation of the atmosphere is expressed by the bright temperature and the average radiation temperature:
wherein τ (θ) is the atmospheric opacity, T m For the average radiation temperature of the atmosphere T sky (θ) is the atmospheric bright temperature when the zenith angle is observed to be θ;
step 3.4, T obtained in step 3.2 sky (θ 1 ) And T sky (θ 2 ) Substituted into step 3.3 to obtain opacity τ (θ 1 ) And τ (θ) 2 ) From the relationship τ (θ) =τ (0 °) sec (θ)
Step 3.5, adjusting r such that t in step 3.4 1 ＝t 2 The r value at this time is the evaluated value;
step 3.6, substituting the r value obtained in step 3.5 into T 'in step 3.2' ND ＝r·T ND Obtaining corrected T' ND 。
4. A method of self-calibration of a multi-channel microwave radiometer according to claim 3, wherein the zenith angle θ in step 3.2 is in the range of [0 °,80 ° ].
5. The self-calibration method of a multi-channel microwave radiometer according to claim 1, wherein said step 3 specifically comprises:
step 3.1, determining a scaling equation as:
wherein T is sky (θ) is the atmospheric bright temperature when observing the zenith angle of θ, V sky (theta) is the voltage value output by the circuit system of the microwave radiometer when the zenith angle is observed to be theta, V BB Measuring an output voltage at a black body for the radiometer when the noise diode is turned off; v (V) BB+ND Aiming the radiometer at the output voltage value of the blackbody target after the noise diode is started, T BB The brightness temperature value of the black body;
step 3.2, obtaining accurate T through step 2 ND Let T' ND ＝r·T ND Substituting into the calibration equation of the calibration equation step 3.1 to obtain T sky (θ 1 ) And T sky (θ 2 )；
Step 3.3, the total attenuation of the atmosphere is expressed by the bright temperature and the average radiation temperature:
where τ (θ) is the atmospheric opacity, T m For the average radiation temperature of the atmosphere T sky (θ) is the atmospheric bright temperature when the zenith angle is observed to be θ;
step 3.4, T obtained in step 3.2 sky (θ 1 ) And T sky (θ 2 ) Substituted into step 3.3 to obtain opacity τ (θ 1 ) And τ (θ) 2 ) From the relationship τ (θ) =τ (0 °) sec (θ), τ (0 °);
step 3.5 substituting τ (0 °) obtained in step 3.4 into T calculated in step 3.3 sky (0 °) willAnd (3) carrying out the calibration equation in the step 3.1, and calculating T' ND ；
Step 3.6, repeating steps 3.1-3.5 until T' ND And (3) stability.
6. The self-calibration method of a multi-channel microwave radiometer according to claim 1, wherein the calibration equation in step 1 is determined by: aligning the radiometer antenna with the liquid nitrogen and the target blackbody to obtain an output voltageAndliquid nitrogen temperature->Known blackbody temperature->Two sets of data are measured by thermometer +.>Substituting into the scaling equation t=a·v+b, the parameters a, b are obtained.
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黄骁麒 ; 朱建华 ; .多波段微波辐射计两点整机定标试验方法研究及误差分析.海洋技术.2012,(04),全文. *

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