CN116470961A - Device and method for generating periodic oscillation millimeter wave signal by mutual injection - Google Patents
Device and method for generating periodic oscillation millimeter wave signal by mutual injection Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for generating a periodic oscillation millimeter wave signal by mutual injection. The device and the method for generating the periodic oscillation millimeter wave signal by mutual injection adopt two spin lasers to generate the millimeter wave signal by mutual injection, the frequency of the generated millimeter wave signal is the sum of the detuning frequency and the double refractive index of the two spin lasers, the widely adjustable microwave signal can be realized by tuning injection parameters, and the defect of poor frequency tunability of the spin laser microwave signal is overcome; on the other hand, the two spin lasers are master-slave lasers, can simultaneously generate a double-channel single-period oscillation signal, has the frequency not influenced by the relaxation oscillation signal, and further compresses the line width and the stable phase of the photon microwave signal by adopting a feedback loop so as to obtain a millimeter wave signal with double channels, high frequency, large broadband and flexible and tunable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optics, in particular to a device and a method for generating a periodic oscillation millimeter wave signal by mutual injection.
Background
The millimeter wave/microwave photon signal generation technology has wide application prospect in the military and civil fields such as communication, radar, guidance, astronomy, remote sensing technology and the like. Photon generation, processing, control and distribution of microwave and millimeter wave signals constitute microwave photonics technologies. The generation of microwave photons is the first step in the utilization of microwave photon technology. Techniques for generating photonic microwaves, including direct modulation techniques, external modulation techniques, optical heterodyning techniques, mode-locked semiconductor lasers, optoelectronic oscillators, single-period oscillations, and the like, have been proposed and validated. In the above technology, photon microwave generation based on monocycle oscillation dynamics has many advantages, such as near single sideband spectrum, minimized power loss, low cost of all-optical device configuration and widely adjustable oscillation frequency and breaks through the limitation of relaxation oscillation. Some typical schemes include: a scheme of generating single-period oscillation by injecting continuous wave light into a semiconductor laser and stabilizing a microwave signal using mirror feedback (see [ j.p. zhuang and s.c. chan, "Phase noise characteristics of microwave signals generated by semiconductor laser dynamics," opt.express 23,2777-2797 (2015.) ]); schemes for generating single period oscillations based on light injection harmonic modulation (see [ L.Fan, G.Xia, J.Chen, X.Tang, Q.Liang, and z. Wu, "High-purity 60GHz band millimeter-wave generation based on optically injected semiconductor laser under subharmonic microwave modulation," opt. Express 24,18252-18265 (2016 ") ]); a scheme for generating single-period oscillation based on light injection, and feeding back Stable microwave signals by using a fiber Bragg grating (see [ S.S.Li, X.Zou, L.Wang, A.Wang, W.Pan, and L.Yan, "Stable period-one oscillations in a semiconductor laser under optical feedback from a narrowband fiber Bragg grating," Opt Express 28,21286-21299 (2020) ]); schemes based on light injection vertical cavity surface emitting lasers and dual optical feedback (see [ C.Xue, D.Chang, Y.Fan, S.Ji, Z.Zhang, H.Lin, P.S.Spencer, and y. Hong, "Characteristics of microwave photonic signal generation using vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with optical injection and feedback," Journal of the Optical Society of America B (2020) ]).
The existing millimeter wave generation scheme based on a single spin laser has the advantages of simple structure and the like, but the frequency of the millimeter wave generation scheme depends on the double refractive index. In practical operation, the adjustment of the birefringence is difficult, resulting in poor tunability of the generation of millimeter wave signals based on spin lasers.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a device and a method for generating periodic oscillation millimeter wave signals by mutual injection.
An apparatus for generating a periodically oscillating millimeter wave signal by mutual injection, comprising:
the mutual injection signal generation module comprises a first laser and a second laser, and light emitted by the first laser and the second laser are mutually injected to generate a first mutual injection light beam and a second mutual injection light beam;
the light polarization control module is used for controlling the polarization states of the first mutual injection light beam and the second mutual injection light beam and generating a first polarized light beam and a second polarized light beam;
the feedback module comprises a first feedback module and a second feedback module; the first feedback module divides the first polarized light beam into a first branch light beam and a second branch light beam, and the first branch light beam is fed back to the first laser; the second feedback module divides the second polarized light beam into a third branch light beam and a fourth branch light beam, and the third branch light beam is fed back to the second laser;
the photoelectric conversion module comprises a first photoelectric conversion module and a second photoelectric conversion module; the first photoelectric conversion module receives the second branch light beam and beats to generate a first millimeter wave signal; the second photoelectric conversion module receives the fourth branch light beam and beats to generate a second millimeter wave signal;
wherein the first laser and the second laser are spin VCSELs; the frequencies of the first millimeter wave signal and the second millimeter wave signal are the sum of the detuned frequencies and the birefringence of the first laser and the second laser.
Preferably, the first laser and the second laser are optically pumped spin VCSELs with carrier injection.
Preferably, the light polarization control module comprises a first light polarization controller for controlling the first and second mutual injection beam polarization states.
Preferably, the first feedback module and the second feedback module have the same structure.
Preferably, the first feedback module includes: the optical coupler, the first feedback loop, the second feedback loop and the optical circulator, wherein the first feedback loop and the second feedback loop comprise a delay optical fiber, a variable attenuator and a second optical polarization controller which are sequentially connected; the optical coupler divides the first polarized light beam into a first branch light beam and a second branch light beam, wherein the first branch light beam is divided into an upper branch light beam and a lower branch light beam, and the upper branch light beam and the lower branch light beam are injected into the first laser through the optical circulator after passing through the first feedback loop and the second feedback loop respectively.
Preferably, the first feedback loop and the second feedback loop comprise delay fibers of unequal lengths.
Preferably, the first photoelectric conversion module and the second photoelectric conversion module have the same structure.
Preferably, the first photoelectric conversion module includes:
an optical isolator for receiving the second branch beam and maintaining unidirectional transmission;
and the photoelectric detector receives the second branch light output by the optical isolator and performs beat frequency to generate millimeter wave signals.
A method of generating a periodic oscillating millimeter wave signal by mutual injection, the method comprising:
s1: the light emitted by the first laser and the second laser are mutually injected to generate two mutually injected light beams;
s2: controlling the polarization state of the mutually injected light beam to generate a polarized light beam;
s3: dividing polarized light beams into two light paths respectively, wherein one light path is fed back to the mutual injection signal generating module;
s4: the other path of light beam beat frequency generates millimeter wave signals.
Preferably, in step S2, one of the beams is fed back to the slave laser to add delay, perform variable attenuation, and control polarization state.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
the device and the method for generating the periodic oscillation millimeter wave signal by mutual injection adopt two spin lasers to generate the millimeter wave signal by mutual injection, the frequency of the generated millimeter wave signal is the sum of the detuning frequency and the double refractive index of the two spin lasers, the widely adjustable microwave signal can be realized by tuning injection parameters, and the defect of poor frequency tunability of the spin laser microwave signal is overcome; on the other hand, the two spin lasers are master-slave lasers, can simultaneously generate a double-channel single-period oscillation signal, has the frequency not influenced by the relaxation oscillation signal, and further compresses the line width and the stable phase of the photon microwave signal by adopting a feedback loop so as to obtain a millimeter wave signal with double channels, high frequency, large broadband and flexible and tunable.
Drawings
In order that the invention may be more readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof that are illustrated in the appended drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for generating a periodically oscillating millimeter wave signal by mutual injection in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a timing diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a spectrum of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a spectrum diagram of the present invention.
Description of the specification reference numerals: 1. a first laser; 2. a second laser; 3. a first light polarization controller; 4. an optical circulator; 5. a second light polarization controller; 6. a variable attenuator; 7. a delay fiber; 8. an optical coupler; 9. an optical isolator; 10. a photodetector.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting, so that those skilled in the art will better understand the invention and practice it.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides an apparatus for generating a periodically oscillating millimeter wave signal by mutual injection, comprising:
the mutual injection signal generation module comprises a first laser 1 and a second laser 2, and light emitted by the first laser 1 and the second laser 2 are mutually injected to generate a first mutual injection light beam and a second mutual injection light beam;
the light polarization control module is used for controlling the polarization states of the first mutual injection light beam and the second mutual injection light beam and generating a first polarized light beam and a second polarized light beam;
the feedback module comprises a first feedback module and a second feedback module; the first feedback module divides the first polarized light beam into a first branch light beam and a second branch light beam, and the first branch light beam is fed back to the first laser 1; the second feedback module divides the second polarized light beam into a third branch light beam and a fourth branch light beam, and the third branch light beam is fed back to the second laser 2;
the photoelectric conversion module comprises a first photoelectric conversion module and a second photoelectric conversion module; the first photoelectric conversion module receives the second branch light beam and beats to generate a first millimeter wave signal; the second photoelectric conversion module receives the fourth branch light beam and beats to generate a second millimeter wave signal;
wherein the first laser and the second laser are spin VCSELs; the frequencies of the first millimeter wave signal and the second millimeter wave signal are the sum of the detuned frequency and the birefringence of the first laser 1 and the second laser 2.
In a specific embodiment, the first laser 1 and the second laser 2 are master-slave lasers, and the first mutual injection beam and the second mutual injection beam are single-period oscillation signals. In a specific embodiment, the first laser and the second laser are optically pumped spin VCSELs for spin carrier injection.
In a specific embodiment, the light polarization control module comprises a first light polarization controller 3 for controlling the first and the second mutual injection beam polarization states.
In a specific embodiment, the first feedback module and the second feedback module have the same structure, and the specific structure is described by taking the first feedback module as an example, and the first feedback module includes: the optical coupler 8, the first feedback loop, the second feedback loop and the optical circulator 4, wherein the first feedback loop and the second feedback loop comprise a delay optical fiber 7, a variable attenuator 6 and a second optical polarization controller 5 which are connected in sequence; the optical coupler 8 splits the first polarized light beam into a first branch light beam and a second branch light beam, wherein the first branch light beam is split into an upper branch light beam and a lower branch light beam, and the upper branch light beam and the lower branch light beam are injected into the first laser 1 through the optical circulator 4 after passing through the first feedback loop and the second feedback loop, respectively. In one embodiment of the invention, the first feedback loop and the second feedback loop comprise delay fibers 7 of unequal lengths. For example, the first feedback loop comprises a delay fiber 7 having a length that is smaller than the length of the delay fiber 7 comprised by the second feedback loop. In an alternative embodiment, the feedback loop is an all-optical feedback or an electro-optical feedback, and the transmission mode is optical fiber transmission or space optical transmission. According to the embodiment, the feedback loop is adopted to store the phase information, and after feedback is applied, the single-period oscillation mode is locked to the external cavity mode of the feedback loop, so that the phase noise caused by laser noise is reduced, the line width is further reduced, and millimeter wave signals with two paths, high frequency, large broadband and flexible and tunable performance are obtained. Preferably, the feedback loop is a two-way feedback.
In a specific embodiment, the first photoelectric conversion module and the second photoelectric conversion module have the same structure, and the specific structure thereof is described as the first photoelectric conversion module, the first photoelectric conversion module includes:
an optical isolator 9, wherein the optical isolator 9 is used for receiving the second branch beam and maintaining unidirectional transmission;
a photodetector 10 receives the second branch light output from the optical isolator 9 and performs beat frequency to generate a millimeter wave signal.
The mutual injection spin VCSEL is simulated through numerical simulation to generate a single-period oscillation waveform, and a velocity equation is established as follows:
wherein, superscripts 1 and 2 represent the first laser 1 and the second laser 2, respectively, and subscripts +and-represent the right-hand polarization mode and the left-hand polarization mode, respectively; e (E) ± Is the complex amplitude of the right-hand and left-hand light fields, and the corresponding field intensity is I ± ＝|E ± | 2 N is the total carrier density and m is the normalized carrier density difference, where n= (m + +m - )/2，m＝(m + -m - )/2. Kappa is the optical field decay rate, alpha is the linewidth enhancement factor, gamma is the carrier decay rate, gamma a And gamma p Representing the linear dispersion effect and the birefringence effect, gamma, respectively, of the medium in the active region s Is spin relaxation rate. Δω= (ω) 2 -ω 1 ) And/2 is angular frequency detuning, where k inj1 And k inj2 The angular frequencies of the first laser 1 and the second laser 2, respectively. Omega 0 ＝(ω 1 +ω 2 ) And/2 is the average angular frequency of such a symmetrical laser system. k (k) inj1 And k inj2 Is the coupling strength between two spin VCSELs, τ 1 And τ 2 Is the coupling delay time, k f1 And k f2 The feedback intensities of the first feedback loop and the second feedback loop in the feedback module, τ f1 And τ f2 The feedback delays of the first feedback loop and the second feedback loop, respectively. η (eta) ± Respectively representing normalized optical pumping capacity corresponding to two polarizations, wherein the total optical pumping capacity is defined as eta=eta + +η - Elliptical polarization is defined as p= (η) + -η - )/(η + +η - ). Total intensity of spin VCSEL emission is i=i + +I - The corresponding ellipticity is P out ＝(I + -I - )/(I + +I - ). P and P out The range of the value of (C) is [ -1,1]Wherein 1 and-1 correspond to right-hand and left-hand polarized light, respectively. F represents the effect of spontaneous emission noise with zero-mean complex gaussian noise source, which can be described by the following formula:
wherein beta is SP Zeta, the spontaneous emission noise factor 1 And zeta 2 Is complex gaussian white noise with zero mean. Furthermore two orthogonal linear polarizations can be described as:
the values of the parameters in the simulation are as follows: alpha=3,κ＝150ns -1 、γ＝1ns -1 、γ p ＝30πns -1 、γ a ＝0.1ns -1 、ω 0 ＝2.2176×10 15 rad/s、P＝-0.2、η＝6、γ s ＝35ns -1 、τ 1 ＝5ns、τ 2 ＝6.7ns、k inj1 ＝k inj2 ＝30ns -1 . From fig. 2, it can be seen that the co-injection spin VCSEL can be generated from a continuous single period oscillation waveform, fig. 3 is an optical spectrum generated by the method and apparatus of the present invention, wherein the difference Δω between the center frequency of the first laser 1 and the x-polarization of the second laser 2 is-35 GHz, fig. 4 is a power spectrum generated by the method and apparatus of the present invention, and from fig. 4 (a), it can be seen that a frequency of up to 65GHz can be obtained by the power spectrum generated by the method and apparatus of the present invention, which has a value of γ p +Δω. In addition, in the case of no external optical feedback, the linewidth of the millimeter wave is about 6MHz, and as can be seen from fig. 4 (b), after the optical feedback loop is added, the linewidth of the millimeter wave is further compressed to 5KHz, so that a high-quality photon microwave signal with high frequency and narrow linewidth is obtained.
The present invention also provides a method for generating a periodic oscillating millimeter wave signal by mutual injection, which is implemented by the apparatus for generating a periodic oscillating millimeter wave signal by mutual injection as described above, and which can be referred to correspondingly with the apparatus for generating a periodic oscillating millimeter wave signal by mutual injection as described above, the method comprising:
s1: the light emitted by the first laser 1 and the second laser 2 are mutually injected to generate two mutually injected light beams;
s2: controlling the polarization state of the mutually injected light beam to generate a polarized light beam;
s3: dividing polarized light beams into two light paths respectively, wherein one light path is fed back to the mutual injection signal generating module;
s4: the other path of light beam beat frequency generates millimeter wave signals.
In an alternative embodiment, the feedback of S3 is two-way feedback, and in this embodiment, a two-way feedback mode is adopted.
In a specific embodiment, one of the beams in step S2 is fed back to the slave laser before being subjected to delay increasing, variable attenuation and polarization state control.
It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations and modifications of the present invention will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the foregoing description. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications thereof are contemplated as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An apparatus for generating a periodically oscillating millimeter wave signal by mutual injection, comprising:
the mutual injection signal generation module comprises a first laser and a second laser, and light emitted by the first laser and the second laser are mutually injected to generate a first mutual injection light beam and a second mutual injection light beam;
the light polarization control module is used for controlling the polarization states of the first mutual injection light beam and the second mutual injection light beam and generating a first polarized light beam and a second polarized light beam;
the feedback module comprises a first feedback module and a second feedback module; the first feedback module divides the first polarized light beam into a first branch light beam and a second branch light beam, and the first branch light beam is fed back to the first laser; the second feedback module divides the second polarized light beam into a third branch light beam and a fourth branch light beam, and the third branch light beam is fed back to the second laser;
the photoelectric conversion module comprises a first photoelectric conversion module and a second photoelectric conversion module; the first photoelectric conversion module receives the second branch light beam and beats to generate a first millimeter wave signal; the second photoelectric conversion module receives the fourth branch light beam and beats to generate a second millimeter wave signal;
wherein the first laser and the second laser are spin VCSELs; the frequencies of the first millimeter wave signal and the second millimeter wave signal are the sum of the detuned frequencies and the birefringence of the first laser and the second laser.
2. The apparatus for generating a periodically oscillating millimeter wave signal according to claim 1, wherein said first laser and said second laser are optically pumped spin VCSELs with carrier injection.
3. The apparatus for generating a periodically oscillating millimeter wave signal according to claim 1, wherein said optical polarization control module comprises a first optical polarization controller for controlling the polarization state of said first and second mutually injected light beams.
4. The apparatus for generating a periodically oscillating millimeter wave signal according to claim 1, wherein said first feedback module and said second feedback module have the same structure.
5. The apparatus for generating a periodically oscillating millimeter wave signal according to claim 4, wherein said first feedback module comprises: the optical coupler, the first feedback loop, the second feedback loop and the optical circulator, wherein the first feedback loop and the second feedback loop comprise a delay optical fiber, a variable attenuator and a second optical polarization controller which are sequentially connected; the optical coupler divides the first polarized light beam into a first branch light beam and a second branch light beam, wherein the first branch light beam is divided into an upper branch light beam and a lower branch light beam, and the upper branch light beam and the lower branch light beam are injected into the first laser through the optical circulator after passing through the first feedback loop and the second feedback loop respectively.
6. The apparatus for generating a periodically oscillating millimeter wave signal according to claim 5, wherein said first feedback loop and said second feedback loop comprise delay fibers of unequal lengths.
7. The apparatus for generating a periodically oscillating millimeter wave signal according to claim 1, wherein said first photoelectric conversion module and said second photoelectric conversion module have the same structure.
8. The apparatus for generating a periodically oscillating millimeter wave signal according to claim 7, wherein said first photoelectric conversion module comprises:
an optical isolator for receiving the second branch beam and maintaining unidirectional transmission;
and the photoelectric detector receives the second branch light output by the optical isolator and performs beat frequency to generate millimeter wave signals.
9. A method of producing a periodically oscillating millimeter wave signal by mutual injection, the method comprising:
s1: the light emitted by the first laser and the second laser are mutually injected to generate two mutually injected light beams;
s2: controlling the polarization state of the mutually injected light beam to generate a polarized light beam;
s3: dividing polarized light beams into two light paths respectively, wherein one light path is fed back to the mutual injection signal generating module;
s4: the other path of light beam beat frequency generates millimeter wave signals.
10. The method of generating a periodically oscillating millimeter wave signal according to claim 9, wherein one of the beams in step S2 is fed back to the slave laser before being subjected to delay increasing, variable attenuation, and polarization state controlling.
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