CN116300065B - Experimental system for generating surface plasmons - Google Patents
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- CN116300065B CN116300065B CN202310082607.8A CN202310082607A CN116300065B CN 116300065 B CN116300065 B CN 116300065B CN 202310082607 A CN202310082607 A CN 202310082607A CN 116300065 B CN116300065 B CN 116300065B
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- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
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- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 4
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/008—Surface plasmon devices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The embodiment of the application provides an experimental system for generating surface plasmons, which is used for completing modulation of an incident light beam through reflection of a spatial light modulator loaded with Oldham light beam spectrum information, and extracting light beam information carried by positive primary interference fringes on a far field through a spatial filter consisting of a first Fourier lens, a diaphragm and a second Fourier lens to obtain an initial light field of the Oldham light beam; the initial light field of the Oldham light beam irradiates on a grating structure of a silver film of a glass substrate, and the light beam is coupled and excited with surface plasmon polariton excitons through the grating, so that surface plasmon polaritons are generated on a silver-air interface; the wave fronts of Gaussian beams are modulated by the spatial light modulator to generate Oldham beams with different parameters, so that surface plasmons with corresponding parameters and characteristics are generated, and the method has the advantages of being low in manufacturing cost, simple in system structure, convenient to experiment and operate and the like, and improves efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the application relates to the technical field of optics, in particular to an experimental system for generating surface plasmons.
Background
Surface plasmons are surface waves that are capable of concentrating energy highly at the interface of a metal and a dielectric. In recent years, with the progress and development of nanoscience, surface plasmons are increasingly attracting attention in various research fields. In 2010, in the light of research in the non-diffracted beam, airy surface plasmons were proposed as a non-diffracted type of plasmons, and then experimentally demonstrated. Experimental methods for generating surface plasmons have developed several special techniques, one of which is a grating coupling technique, which uses a grating vector to correct the wave vector mismatch between free space beam radiation and surface plasmon polarized excitons, thereby generating surface plasmons at the interface of the metal and the dielectric.
In 2015, belafhal et al proposed a new class of scalar, non-diffracting helmholtz equation solutions: limited oldham beam. The novel light beam has a specific order; among them, berry et al in 1979, in the context of quantum mechanics, first proposed that the zero order of such beams describes a common Airy beam. As theoretical popularization of common limited Airy beams, limited Oldham has peculiar propagation characteristics such as self-acceleration, self-focusing and the like.
The surface plasmon can control electromagnetic waves under a sub-wavelength size structure, and has wide research significance and application background in various aspects such as optical sensing, biological markers, photoelectric technology and the like. In addition, the experimental generation system of the surface plasmon has potential significance and value for the research of nanoscale plasma devices; in the prior art, a surface plasmon generating system has complex structure, high cost and complex operation, is difficult to apply to experiments, and has limited transmission characteristics of the generated surface plasmon, and is difficult to modulate characteristics.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides an experimental system for generating surface plasmons, which aims to solve the problems of complex structure, high cost, complex operation and difficult application in experiments of the surface plasmon generating system in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the embodiment of the application provides an experimental system for generating surface plasmons, which comprises a laser, an interference module and a grating silver film;
the laser is used for emitting Gaussian beams;
the interference module is used for splitting the Gaussian beam into a first incident beam and a second incident beam, carrying out interference processing on the first incident beam and the second incident beam after carrying the Oldham beam spectrum information in the first incident beam, and extracting the beam information carried by the positive primary interference fringe on the far field to obtain an initial light field of the Oldham beam;
the grating silver film is used for exciting surface plasmons after receiving an initial light field of the Oldham light beam.
Preferably, the interference module comprises a cubic beam splitting crystal, a spatial light modulator and a spatial filter;
the cube beam splitting crystal is used for receiving the Gaussian beam, splitting the Gaussian beam into a first incident beam and a second incident beam, sending the first incident beam to the spatial light modulator, and sending the second incident beam to the spatial filter;
the spatial light modulator is used for carrying out wavefront modulation on the first incident light beam so as to load Oldham light beam spectrum information in the first incident light beam, reflect the modulated light beam to the cubic beam splitting crystal and send the modulated light beam to the spatial filter through the cubic beam splitting crystal;
the spatial filter is used for carrying out interference on the modulated light beam and the first incident light beam, and extracting light beam information carried by a positive first-stage interference fringe on a far field to obtain an initial light field of an Oldham light beam.
Preferably, the device further comprises a beam expanding and collimating system, wherein the beam expanding and collimating system is arranged between the laser and the cubic beam splitting crystal, and the beam expanding and collimating system is used for expanding and collimating and adjusting Gaussian beams emitted by the laser.
Preferably, the spatial light filter comprises a first fourier lens, a diaphragm and a second fourier lens, wherein the diaphragm is arranged at an image side focal plane of the first fourier lens;
the first Fourier lens is used for carrying out Fourier transform modulation on the modulated light beam and the second incident light beam;
the diaphragm is used for selecting positive first-order interference fringes of the modulated light beam and the second incident light beam;
the second Fourier lens is used for carrying out Fourier transformation on the first-order interference fringes, and an initial light field of the Oldham light beam is obtained at an image space focal plane.
Preferably, the grating silver film is arranged at the image space focal plane of the second Fourier lens;
the grating silver film comprises a glass substrate and a metal silver film which is arranged on the glass substrate and forms a grating structure.
Preferably, the grating structures are longitudinally arranged periodically, and the longitudinal period of the grating structures is equal to the wavelength of the positive first-order interference fringes for a long time.
Preferably, the spectral information of the oldham beam is a phase hologram, and the phase hologram is obtained by interference of an initial optical field of the oldham beam and an analog plane wave.
Preferably, the device further comprises a computer, wherein the computer is connected with the spatial light modulator, and is used for adjusting different parameters to obtain initial light fields of different Oldham beams so as to obtain surface plasmons with different forms and transmitting phase holograms to the spatial light modulator.
Preferably, a scanning near-field optical microscope for observing surface plasmons in the transmission distance range is further included.
According to the experimental system for generating the surface plasmons, provided by the embodiment of the application, through reflection of the spatial light modulator loaded with the Oldham beam spectrum information, modulation of an incident beam is completed, and then a spatial filter consisting of a first Fourier lens, a diaphragm and a second Fourier lens is used for extracting beam information carried by a positive first-order interference fringe on a far field to obtain an initial light field of the Oldham beam; the initial light field of the Oldham light beam irradiates on a grating structure of a silver film of a glass substrate, the light beam is coupled and excited with surface plasmon polaritons through the grating, so that surface plasmon polaritons are generated on a silver-air interface, a spatial light modulator is used for modulating wave fronts of Gaussian light beams to generate the Oldham light beams with different parameters, and further, the surface plasmon polaritons with corresponding parameters and characteristics are generated.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions of the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an experimental system for generating surface plasmons according to an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 2 is an initial light field diagram of an Oldham beam according to an embodiment of the present application, wherein (a) and (b) correspond to the odd and even orders of the beam order, respectively;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a silver film structure with a grating structure according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of surface plasmon propagation according to an embodiment of the present application; wherein (a) and (b) respectively correspond to an odd order and an even order of the beam orders;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the propagation of a simulated surface plasmon at the interface of a metallic silver film and air in accordance with an embodiment of the present application; wherein, (a), (b), (c), (d) correspond to beam orders n=0, 1, 2, 3, respectively;
FIG. 6 is an interferogram of a simulated surface plasmon at an interface of a metallic silver film and air according to an embodiment of the present application; wherein, (a) corresponds to the interference of two surface plasmons of the light beam order n=0, (b) corresponds to the interference of two surface plasmons of the light beam order n=0 and n=1, and (c) corresponds to the interference of two surface plasmons of the light beam order n=1.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
In the embodiment of the present application, the term "and/or" is merely an association relationship describing the association object, which indicates that three relationships may exist, for example, a and/or B may indicate: a exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone.
The terms "first", "second" in embodiments of the application are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the application, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not limited to only those elements or units listed but may alternatively include other elements not listed or inherent to such article, or apparatus. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of such phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those of skill in the art will explicitly and implicitly appreciate that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
The surface plasmon can control electromagnetic waves under a sub-wavelength size structure, and has wide research significance and application background in various aspects such as optical sensing, biological markers, photoelectric technology and the like. In addition, the experimental generation system of the surface plasmon has potential significance and value for the research of nanoscale plasma devices; in the prior art, the surface plasmon generating system has complex structure, high cost and complex operation, and is difficult to apply to experiments.
Therefore, the embodiment of the application provides an experimental system for generating surface plasmons, which adopts a spatial light modulator to modulate the wave fronts of Gaussian beams to generate Oldham beams with different parameters, so as to generate the surface plasmons with corresponding parameters and characteristics. An experimental system for generating surface plasmons according to an embodiment of the present application is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an experimental system for generating surface plasmons according to an embodiment of the application, including a laser, an interference module, and a grating silver film;
the laser is used for emitting Gaussian beams; the beam expanding and collimating system is arranged between the laser and the cubic beam splitting crystal and is used for expanding and collimating and adjusting Gaussian beams emitted by the laser, so that the light intensity is uniformly distributed.
The interference module is used for splitting the Gaussian beam into a first incident beam and a second incident beam, carrying out interference processing on the first incident beam and the second incident beam after carrying the Oldham beam spectrum information in the first incident beam, and extracting the beam information carried by the positive primary interference fringe on the far field to obtain an initial light field of the Oldham beam;
the grating silver film (i.e., the silver film with the grating structure in fig. 1) is used to excite surface plasmons after receiving the initial light field of the oldham beam. The grating silver film is arranged at the image space focal plane of the second Fourier lens; the grating silver film comprises a glass substrate and a metal silver film which is arranged on the glass substrate and forms a grating structure. The grating structures are periodically and longitudinally arranged, and the longitudinal period of the grating structures is equal to the wavelength of the positive first-order interference fringes for a long time. The initial light field of the Oldham light beam irradiates on a grating structure of a silver film of the glass substrate, and the light beam is coupled and excited with surface plasmon polariton excitons through the grating, so that surface plasmon polaritons are generated on a silver-air interface. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a grating silver film with a grating structure that is periodically and longitudinally aligned to reduce energy dissipation during coupling, and the length of the grating longitudinal period may be similar to the wavelength of the light beam to excite surface plasmons.
Also included is a scanning near-field optical microscope for observing surface plasmons over a transmission distance range.
Based on the above embodiment, as a preferred implementation manner, the interference module includes a cubic beam splitting crystal, a spatial light modulator and a spatial filter;
the cube beam splitting crystal is used for receiving the Gaussian beam, splitting the Gaussian beam into a first incident beam and a second incident beam, sending the first incident beam to the spatial light modulator, and sending the second incident beam to the spatial filter;
the spatial light modulator is used for carrying out wavefront modulation on the first incident light beam so as to load Oldham light beam spectrum information in the first incident light beam, reflect the modulated light beam to the cubic beam splitting crystal and send the modulated light beam to the spatial filter through the cubic beam splitting crystal; the Oldham beam spectrum information is a phase hologram, and the phase hologram is obtained by interference of an initial light field of the Oldham beam and a simulated plane wave.
The spatial filter is used for carrying out interference on the modulated light beam and the first incident light beam, and extracting light beam information carried by a positive first-stage interference fringe on a far field to obtain an initial light field of an Oldham light beam. The space optical filter comprises a first Fourier lens, a diaphragm and a second Fourier lens, and the diaphragm is arranged at the focal plane of the image space of the first Fourier lens; the first Fourier lens is used for carrying out Fourier transform modulation on the modulated light beam and the second incident light beam; the diaphragm is used for selecting positive first-order interference fringes of the modulated light beam and the second incident light beam; the second Fourier lens is used for carrying out Fourier transformation on the first-order interference fringes, and an initial light field of the Oldham light beam is obtained at an image space focal plane.
On the basis of the above embodiment, as a preferred implementation manner, the device further includes a computer, the computer is connected to the spatial light modulator, and the computer is used for adjusting different parameters to obtain initial light fields of different oldham beams, so as to obtain surface plasmons with different forms, and transmitting phase holograms to the spatial light modulator.
Fig. 2 is an initial light field of an oldham beam. Wherein (a) and (b) correspond to the odd and even orders of the beam order, respectively. By adjusting different parameters in a computer, different initial optical fields of the Oldham beams can be obtained, and then surface plasmons with different forms can be obtained.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of surface plasmon propagation. Wherein (a) and (b) correspond to the odd and even orders of the beam order, respectively. As shown in the figure, the surface plasmons propagate at the metallic silver film-air interface, exhibiting self-acceleration characteristics.
Fig. 5 is a graph of the propagation of a simulated surface plasmon at the interface of a metallic silver film and air. Wherein, (a), (b), (c), (d) correspond to beam orders n=0, 1, 2, 3, respectively. Other parameters were set as: gaussian beam width w 0 Wavelength λ=0.7 μm, attenuation factor a 0 =0.001, gaussian term factor b 0 =0.00025。
Fig. 6 is an interference pattern of a simulated surface plasmon at the interface of a metallic silver film and air. Wherein (a) two tables corresponding to beam orders n=0Interference of surface plasmons, (b) interference of two surface plasmons corresponding to the beam order n=0 and n=1, and (c) interference of two surface plasmons corresponding to the beam order n=1. Other parameters were set as: gaussian beam width w 0 Wavelength λ=0.7 μm, attenuation factor a 0 =0.001, gaussian term factor b 0 =0.00025. As shown, the surface plasmons exhibit self-focusing properties.
In summary, in the experimental system for generating surface plasmons provided by the embodiment of the application, the incident light beam is modulated through the reflection of the spatial light modulator loaded with the Oldham light beam spectrum information, and then the light beam information carried by the positive primary interference fringe on the far field is extracted through the spatial filter formed by the first Fourier lens, the diaphragm and the second Fourier lens to obtain the initial light field of the Oldham light beam; the initial light field of the Oldham light beam irradiates on a grating structure of a silver film of a glass substrate, and the light beam is coupled and excited with surface plasmon polariton excitons through the grating, so that surface plasmon polaritons are generated on a silver-air interface; the wave fronts of Gaussian beams are modulated by the spatial light modulator to generate Oldham beams with different parameters, so that surface plasmons with corresponding parameters and characteristics are generated, and the method has the advantages of being low in manufacturing cost, simple in system structure, convenient to experiment and operate and the like, and improves efficiency.
In the above embodiments, it may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the processes or functions in accordance with the present application are produced in whole or in part. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable apparatus. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center by a wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line), or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.). The computer readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, etc. that contains an integration of one or more available media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., solid state disk), etc.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that implementing all or part of the above-described method embodiments may be accomplished by a computer program to instruct related hardware, the program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and the program may include the above-described method embodiments when executed. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: ROM or random access memory RAM, magnetic or optical disk, etc.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and are not limiting; although the application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. An experimental system for generating surface plasmons is characterized by comprising a laser, an interference module and a grating silver film;
the laser is used for emitting Gaussian beams;
the interference module is used for splitting the Gaussian beam into a first incident beam and a second incident beam, carrying out interference processing on the first incident beam and the second incident beam after carrying the Oldham beam spectrum information in the first incident beam, and extracting the beam information carried by the positive primary interference fringe on the far field to obtain an initial light field of the Oldham beam;
the grating silver film is used for exciting surface plasmons after receiving an initial light field of the Oldham light beam;
the interference module comprises a cubic beam splitting crystal, a spatial light modulator and a spatial filter;
the cube beam splitting crystal is used for receiving the Gaussian beam, splitting the Gaussian beam into a first incident beam and a second incident beam, sending the first incident beam to the spatial light modulator, and sending the second incident beam to the spatial filter;
the spatial light modulator is used for carrying out wavefront modulation on the first incident light beam so as to load Oldham light beam spectrum information in the first incident light beam, reflect the modulated light beam to the cubic beam splitting crystal and send the modulated light beam to the spatial filter through the cubic beam splitting crystal;
the spatial filter is used for carrying out interference on the modulated light beam and the first incident light beam, and extracting light beam information carried by a positive first-stage interference fringe on a far field to obtain an initial light field of an Oldham light beam;
the Oldham beam spectrum information is a phase hologram, and the phase hologram is obtained by interference of an initial light field of the Oldham beam and a simulated plane wave;
the device also comprises a computer, wherein the computer is connected with the spatial light modulator, and is used for adjusting different parameters to obtain initial light fields of different Oldham beams so as to obtain surface plasmons with different forms and transmitting phase holograms to the spatial light modulator.
2. The experimental system for generating surface plasmons of claim 1, further comprising a beam expanding and collimating system, wherein the beam expanding and collimating system is arranged between the laser and the cubic beam splitting crystal, and the beam expanding and collimating system is used for expanding and collimating a gaussian beam emitted by the laser.
3. The experimental system for generating surface plasmons of claim 1, wherein the spatial optical filter comprises a first fourier lens, a stop, and a second fourier lens, the stop being disposed at an image side focal plane of the first fourier lens;
the first Fourier lens is used for carrying out Fourier transform modulation on the modulated light beam and the second incident light beam;
the diaphragm is used for selecting positive first-order interference fringes of the modulated light beam and the second incident light beam;
the second Fourier lens is used for carrying out Fourier transformation on the first-order interference fringes, and an initial light field of the Oldham light beam is obtained at an image space focal plane.
4. The experimental system for generating surface plasmons of claim 3, wherein the grating silver film is disposed at an image side focal plane of the second fourier lens;
the grating silver film comprises a glass substrate and a metal silver film which is arranged on the glass substrate and forms a grating structure.
5. The surface plasmon generating experimental system of claim 4 wherein said grating structures are arranged longitudinally in a periodic pattern, the longitudinal period of said grating structures being substantially equal to the wavelength of the positive primary interference fringes.
6. The surface plasmon generating experimental system of claim 1 further comprising a scanning near field optical microscope for observing surface plasmons over a transmission distance range.
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| Radiation Forces on a Dielectric Sphere Produced by Finite Olver-Gaussian Beams;Salima Hennani; Lahcen Ez-zariy; Abdelmajid Belafhal;Optics and Photonics Journal;第5卷(第12期);第344-353页 * |
| Transformation of Finite Olver-Gaussian Beams by an Uniaxial Crystal Orthogonal to the Optical Axis;Salima Hennani, Lahcen Ez-Zariy, Abdelmajid Belafhal;Progress In Electromagnetics Research M;第45卷;第153-161页 * |
| 有限能量Olver-Gaussian光束通过电光晶体的光强分布特性;靳龙;王晴岚;半导体光电;第41卷(第3期);第357-361页 * |
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