CN115903260A - Three-dimensional display device - Google Patents

Abstract

The disclosed embodiment provides a three-dimensional display device, including: two-dimensional display panel and set up in the light modulation subassembly of one side of two-dimensional display panel, wherein, the light modulation subassembly includes: the light modulation structures are periodically arranged along a first direction, all sub-pixels covered by at least one light modulation structure are divided into at least one repeating unit, and light rays emitted by the sub-pixels at the same position in all the repeating units form a viewpoint after passing through the corresponding light modulation structures; the parameters of the three-dimensional display device satisfy the following relational expression:

wherein W represents the width of the light modulation structure, W _p Denotes the width of the sub-pixels, Q denotes the spacing distance between adjacent viewpoints, and K denotes the number of viewpoints that the three-dimensional display device has.

Description

Three-dimensional display device

Technical Field

The embodiment of the disclosure relates to but is not limited to the technical field of display, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional display device.

Background

With the development of display technology, three-dimensional (3D) display technology is attracting more and more attention. The three-dimensional display technology can make the display picture become three-dimensional and vivid, and the principle is that different pictures are respectively received by the left eye and the right eye of a person, and after image information is overlapped and emphasized by the brain, an image with a three-dimensional display effect can be constructed. Among many techniques for realizing three-dimensional display, a naked-eye 3D display device is preferred because a viewer can view a 3D image without wearing any vision-aid device such as glasses or a helmet. However, the current naked eye 3D display device has a problem that the display resolution and the number of viewpoints are contradictory to each other, thereby affecting the viewing effect of three-dimensional display.

Disclosure of Invention

The following is a summary of the subject matter described in detail herein. This summary is not intended to limit the scope of the claims.

The disclosed embodiment provides a three-dimensional display device, including: a two-dimensional display panel and a light modulation assembly disposed at one side of the two-dimensional display panel,

the two-dimensional display panel includes: a plurality of pixels arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction, each pixel comprising: a plurality of sub-pixels, the second direction crossing the first direction;

the light modulation assembly includes: the light modulation structures are periodically arranged along a first direction, all sub-pixels covered by at least one light modulation structure are divided into at least one repeating unit, and light rays emitted by the sub-pixels at the same position in all the repeating units form a viewpoint after passing through the corresponding light modulation structures;

the parameters of the three-dimensional display device satisfy the following relational expression:

wherein W represents the width of the light modulation structure, W _p Denotes a width of the sub-pixel, Q denotes a spacing distance between adjacent viewpoints, K denotes the number of viewpoints the three-dimensional display device has, and the width denotes a dimension characteristic in the first direction.

According to the three-dimensional display device provided by the embodiment of the disclosure, the parameters of the three-dimensional display device are set to satisfy the relational expression, and when the three-dimensional display device forms naked eye three-dimensional display, continuous dense view points can be realized, so that the reduction of the three-dimensional display resolution can be avoided, and the number of view points of the three-dimensional display can be increased, therefore, the viewing range can be enlarged, and further, the three-dimensional display effect can be improved.

Additional features and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the disclosure. Other advantages of the disclosure may be realized and attained by the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the specification and the drawings.

Other aspects will be apparent upon reading and understanding the attached drawings and detailed description.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings are included to provide an understanding of the disclosed embodiments and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the example serve to explain the principles of the disclosure and not to limit the disclosure. The shapes and sizes of the various elements in the drawings are not to be considered as true proportions, but are merely intended to illustrate the present disclosure.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first structure of a three-dimensional display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure;

fig. 2A is a schematic diagram of a second structure of a three-dimensional display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure;

fig. 2B is a schematic diagram of a third structure of a three-dimensional display device in an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a first stereoscopic display principle of the three-dimensional display device shown in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second stereoscopic display principle of the three-dimensional display device shown in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B;

fig. 5A is a schematic diagram of a fourth structure of a three-dimensional display device in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 5B is a schematic diagram of a fifth structure of a three-dimensional display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of the three-dimensional display device shown in FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B;

FIG. 7A is a diagram illustrating a sixth structure of a three-dimensional display device according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 7B is a schematic diagram illustrating a seventh structure of a three-dimensional display device according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

fig. 8 is an angular spectrum test graph of a three-dimensional display device in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

Various embodiments are described herein, but the description is intended to be exemplary, rather than limiting and many more embodiments and implementations are possible within the scope of the embodiments described herein. Although many possible combinations of features are shown in the drawings and discussed in the detailed description, many other combinations of the disclosed features are possible. Any feature or element of any embodiment may be used in combination with or instead of any other feature or element in any other embodiment, unless expressly limited otherwise.

In describing representative embodiments, the specification may have presented the method and/or process as a particular sequence of steps. However, to the extent that the method or process does not rely on the particular order of steps herein, the method or process should not be limited to the particular sequence of steps. Other sequences of steps are possible as will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art. Therefore, the particular order of the steps set forth in the specification should not be construed as limitations on the claims. Further, the claims directed to the method and/or process should not be limited to the performance of their steps in the order written, and one skilled in the art can readily appreciate that the sequences may be varied and still remain within the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure.

In the drawings of the present disclosure, the size of each component, the thickness of a layer, or a region may be exaggerated for clarity. Therefore, one aspect of the present disclosure is not necessarily limited to the dimensions, and the shapes and sizes of the components in the drawings do not reflect a true scale. Further, the drawings schematically show ideal examples, and one embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited to the shapes, numerical values, and the like shown in the drawings.

In the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, ordinal numbers such as "first", "second", "third", and the like are provided to avoid confusion of constituent elements, and are not limited in number.

In the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, words such as "middle", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships are used for convenience to explain positional relationships of constituent elements with reference to the drawings, only for convenience in describing the specification and simplifying the description, but not to indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be configured in a specific orientation, and operate, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure. The positional relationship of the components is changed as appropriate in accordance with the direction in which each component is described. Therefore, the words described in the specification are not limited to the words described in the specification, and may be replaced as appropriate.

In the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited. For example, it may be a fixed connection, or a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; either directly or indirectly through intervening components, or both may be interconnected. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present disclosure can be understood in specific instances by those of ordinary skill in the art.

In this specification, a transistor refers to an element including at least three terminals, that is, a gate electrode, a drain electrode, and a source electrode. The transistor has a channel region between a drain electrode (which may also be referred to as a drain electrode terminal, a drain region, or a drain electrode) and a source electrode (which may also be referred to as a source electrode terminal, a source region, or a source electrode), and current can flow through the drain electrode, the channel region, and the source electrode. Note that in this specification, a channel region refers to a region through which current mainly flows.

In this specification, the first electrode may be a drain electrode and the second electrode may be a source electrode, or the first electrode may be a source electrode and the second electrode may be a drain electrode. In the case of using transistors of opposite polarities, or in the case of changing the direction of current flow during circuit operation, the functions of the "source electrode" and the "drain electrode" may be interchanged. Therefore, in this specification, "source electrode" and "drain electrode" may be exchanged with each other.

In this specification, "electrically connected" includes a case where constituent elements are connected together by an element having some kind of electrical action. The "element having a certain electric function" is not particularly limited as long as it can transmit and receive an electric signal between connected components. Examples of the "element having some kind of electric function" include not only an electrode and a wiring but also a switching element such as a transistor, a resistor, an inductor, a capacitor, other elements having various functions, and the like.

"about" in the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure refers to a numerical value that is not strictly limited, allowing for process and measurement error.

In the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

The real world is a three-dimensional stereoscopic world, which provides two images with potential difference for two eyes of a person, and forms parallax required by stereoscopic vision after being reflected by the two eyes, so that three-dimensional stereoscopic perception is generated through fusion reflection of optic nerve centers and visual psychological reaction. Using this principle, two left and right images having a parallax are presented to the left and right eyes, respectively, by a display device, and a 3D feeling can be obtained. Compared with the conventional two-dimensional display, the 3D display can more truly restore the display scene and bring more shocking viewing experience to people. There are various implementations of 3D display technology, and generally, a 3D display device can be classified into a glasses-aided display device that needs to wear a special vision-aiding apparatus (e.g., glasses or a helmet, etc.) and a 3D display device that does not need to wear a special vision-aiding apparatus (e.g., a naked-eye 3D display device). Among them, the glasses-aided display device may increase discomfort of a viewer due to the need to wear special equipment. The naked-eye 3D display device is favored because a viewer can view 3D images without wearing any vision-aid equipment such as glasses or a helmet, but the current naked-eye 3D display device has the problem that the display resolution and the number of viewpoints are contradictory, thereby affecting the viewing effect of three-dimensional display.

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

In the present embodiment, the first direction DR1 may refer to a horizontal direction (row direction), the second direction DR2 may refer to a vertical direction (column direction), the third direction DR3 may refer to a thickness direction of the three-dimensional display device, a direction perpendicular to a plane of the two-dimensional display panel, or the like. The first direction DR1 intersects the second direction DR2, and the first direction DR1 intersects the third direction DR 3. For example, the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2 may be perpendicular to each other, and the first direction DR1 and the third direction DR3 may be perpendicular to each other. The extending direction DR0 may refer to an extending direction of the light modulation structure (for example, may refer to an extending direction of the lenticular lens, or may refer to an extending direction of the stripe-shaped light-transmitting portion, or may refer to an extending direction of the stripe-shaped light-shielding portion, or the like).

The embodiment of the present disclosure provides a three-dimensional display device, and fig. 1 is a first schematic structural diagram of the three-dimensional display device in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, and as shown in fig. 1, the three-dimensional display device may include: a two-dimensional display panel 11 and a light modulation assembly 10 disposed at one side of the two-dimensional display panel 11, wherein the two-dimensional display panel 11 may include: a plurality of pixels arranged in an array along a first direction (row direction) DR1 and a second direction (column direction) DR2, each of the pixels may include: a plurality of sub-pixels, the second direction DR2 crossing the first direction DR 1; the light modulation assembly 10 may include: a plurality of light modulation structures (not shown in the figure) periodically arranged along the first direction DR1, wherein all sub-pixels covered by at least one light modulation structure can be divided into at least one repeating unit, and light rays emitted by sub-pixels at the same position in all repeating units can form a viewpoint after passing through the corresponding light modulation structures;

the parameters of the three-dimensional display device may satisfy the following relations:

wherein W represents the width of the light modulation structure, W _p Denotes the width of the sub-pixel, Q denotes the spacing distance between adjacent viewpoints, and K denotes the number of viewpoints that the three-dimensional display device has.

Here, the width W of the sub-pixel _p Can be used forRefers to the dimensional characteristics of the sub-pixel along the first direction DR 1. The width W of the light modulating structure may refer to a dimension characteristic of the light modulating structure along the first direction DR 1.

In an exemplary embodiment, light emitted from sub-pixels (which may have the same number) at the same position in all the repeating units may form one 2D view point after passing through the corresponding light modulation structure, and at least two 2D view points may form one 3D view point. For example, K may be a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.

In an exemplary embodiment, the at least one repeating unit into which all the sub-pixels covered by the at least one light modulation structure are divided may be arranged along the extending direction DR0 of the at least one light modulation structure.

In an exemplary embodiment, the two-dimensional display panel may be configured to emit corresponding light rays according to the loaded image information of the plurality of different viewpoints. The light modulation assembly (namely, the light modulation structure) has spatial light splitting capacity, can modulate the direction of light incident to the light modulation assembly, and can be configured to perform light splitting processing on light emitted by pixels in the two-dimensional display panel, namely, light emitted by sub-pixels at the same position in all repeating units is projected to an area with the same space, so that K viewpoints are formed in the space, different parallax images can be imaged at different positions in the space and respectively enter left and right eyes of a viewer, and accordingly, a naked eye 3D display effect (namely, multi-viewpoint display) is achieved.

In an exemplary embodiment, the distance D between the two-dimensional display panel 11 and the light modulation assembly 10 in the thickness direction (i.e., the third direction DR 3) of the three-dimensional display device may be about 0.3mm (millimeters) to 0.9 mm. The distance D between the two-dimensional display panel 11 and the light modulation assembly 10 may refer to a dimension characteristic between the two-dimensional display panel 11 and the light modulation assembly 10 along the third direction DR3 (i.e., a thickness direction of the three-dimensional display device). Here, the embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit this.

In one exemplary embodiment, the viewing distance L of the three-dimensional display device may be between about 50cm (centimeters) and 60 cm. The observation distance L corresponding to the three-dimensional display device may refer to a dimension characteristic between an observation point (e.g., a viewpoint) of a human eye and the light modulation assembly 10 along the third direction DR3 (i.e., a thickness direction of the three-dimensional display device). Here, the embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit this.

In one exemplary embodiment, the width W of the light modulating structure may be between about 300 μm (microns) and about 1000 μm. Here, the embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit this.

In an exemplary embodiment, the inclination angle between the extending direction DR0 and the second direction DR2 of the light modulation structure may be about 5 ° to 10 °. Here, the embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit this.

In an exemplary embodiment, the number of pixels covered by the light modulating structure may be about 17, and each pixel may include 3 sub-pixels. The embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit this.

In an exemplary embodiment, each pixel in the two-dimensional display panel may be a pixel unit including a red sub-pixel (R sub-pixel), a green sub-pixel (G sub-pixel), and a blue sub-pixel (B sub-pixel). Of course, other pixels are possible, for example, each pixel may be a pixel unit including a red sub-pixel, a green sub-pixel, a blue sub-pixel, and a white sub-pixel (W sub-pixel). Here, the embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit this.

In an exemplary embodiment, the plurality of sub-pixels in the pixel may be arranged in a horizontal parallel manner, a vertical parallel manner, an X-shape, a cross-shape, a delta-shape, or the like. For example, taking the case that the pixel includes three sub-pixels, the three sub-pixels may be arranged in a horizontal parallel, vertical parallel, or delta manner, etc. For example, taking the pixel including four sub-pixels as an example, the four sub-pixels may be arranged in a horizontal parallel, vertical parallel, or Square (Square) manner, etc. Here, the embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit this.

In an exemplary embodiment, the shape of the sub-pixel may be any one or more of a triangle, square, rectangle, rhombus, trapezoid, parallelogram, pentagon, hexagon, and other polygon. The embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit this.

In one exemplary embodiment, the viewing angle of the three-dimensional display device may be between about 35 ° and 45 °. Here, the embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit this.

In an exemplary embodiment, the light modulating assembly may have a variety of configurations. For example, the light modulation assembly may include: any one or more of a lenticular array and a slit grating. Wherein the lenticular lens array may include: the light modulation structure may be a cylindrical lens, and the slit grating may include: the light modulation structure may be a combination of a strip-shaped light-transmitting portion (which may also be referred to as a light-transmitting strip) and a strip-shaped light-shielding portion (which may also be referred to as a light-shielding strip) (e.g., a combination of one strip-shaped light-transmitting portion and half strip-shaped light-shielding portions respectively located on both sides of the strip-shaped light-transmitting portion). The embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit this.

In one exemplary embodiment, the lenticular array may be a micro lenticular array. For example, the micro-cylindrical lens array may be a single micro-cylindrical lens or a composite micro-cylindrical lens composed of a plurality of micro-cylindrical lenses. For example, the surface shape of the micro-cylindrical lens may be any one of a spherical surface, an aspherical surface, a fresnel surface and a free-form surface, or the surface shape of the micro-cylindrical lens may be a complex lens with a gradually changing radius from the center to the edge, or the like. Here, the embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit this.

Therefore, the parameters of the three-dimensional display device are set to satisfy the relational expression shown in the formula (1), and the three-dimensional display device can realize continuous dense viewpoints when naked-eye three-dimensional display is formed, so that the reduction of the resolution of the three-dimensional display can be avoided, and the number of viewpoints of the three-dimensional display can be increased, thereby increasing the viewing range and further improving the three-dimensional display effect.

The following describes a three-dimensional display device provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure with reference to the drawings, taking a light modulation assembly as an example of a cylindrical lens array. Fig. 2A is a schematic diagram of a second structure of a three-dimensional display device in an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, and fig. 2B is a schematic diagram of a third structure of the three-dimensional display device in the exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, where fig. 2A is a schematic cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional display device, and fig. 2B is a schematic plan view of the three-dimensional display device.

As shown in fig. 2A and 2B, the three-dimensional display device may include: a two-dimensional display panel 11 and a lenticular lens array 12 disposed on one side of the two-dimensional display panel 11, wherein the two-dimensional display panel 11 may include: a plurality of pixels arranged in an array along the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2, each of the pixels may include: the plurality of sub-pixels, the lenticular lens array 12 may include: the plurality of cylindrical lenses 121 are disposed parallel to each other and sequentially arranged along the first direction DR1, that is, each light modulation structure may be one cylindrical lens 121. All the sub-pixels covered by the at least one cylindrical lens 121 may be divided into at least one repeating unit, and the at least one repeating unit may be sequentially arranged along the extending direction DR0 of the at least one cylindrical lens. Here, in fig. 2B, two cylindrical lenses 121 (including a first cylindrical lens 121-1 and a second cylindrical lens 121-2 arranged in order along the first direction DR 1) are taken as an example for illustration, and one of a plurality of repeating units (i.e., a portion shown within a dashed box in fig. 2B) into which all sub-pixels in the two-dimensional display panel 11 covered by the first cylindrical lens 121-1 are divided is shown.

In an exemplary embodiment, the sub-pixel covered by the at least one light modulation structure (i.e., the lenticular lens) may refer to a sub-pixel into which light is split by the at least one light modulation structure (i.e., the lenticular lens). For example, as shown in fig. 2B, fig. 2B shows a plurality of sub-pixels (including sub-pixel No. 0 to sub-pixel No. 50) in a repeating unit (i.e., the portion shown in the dotted line frame in fig. 2B) corresponding to the first cylindrical lens 121-1. Here, in fig. 2B, the view numbers on the sub-pixels are merely exemplary, and the view numbers on the sub-pixels do not represent actual view numbers; the number of sub-pixels in one repeating unit is merely illustrative, and the number of sub-pixels in one repeating unit does not represent the number of sub-pixels actually included in one repeating unit.

In an exemplary embodiment, a region where a cylindrical lens is orthographically projected on the two-dimensional display panel 11 may be used as a target region, and a sub-pixel in the target region with an area larger than 1/2 of the sub-pixel area may be regarded as a sub-pixel covered by the cylindrical lens, that is, a sub-pixel in the target region with an area larger than 1/2 of the sub-pixel area is split by the cylindrical lens. For example, as shown in fig. 2B, when the area of the sub-pixel No. 2 in the eighteenth column in the first row in fig. 2B falling into the first cylindrical lens 121-1 is larger than 1/2 of the sub-pixel area, and the area of the sub-pixel No. 2 in the eighteenth column in the first row falling into the second cylindrical lens 121-2 is smaller than 1/2 of the sub-pixel area, then the sub-pixel No. 2 in the eighteenth column in the first row can be regarded as the sub-pixel covered by the first cylindrical lens 121-1, that is, the sub-pixel No. 2 in the eighteenth column in the first row can be split by the first cylindrical lens 121-1. For example, when the area of the sub-pixel No. 1 in the eighteenth column in the second row in fig. 2B that falls into the first cylindrical lens 121-1 and the area of the sub-pixel No. 1 that falls into the second cylindrical lens 121-2 are both equal to 1/2 of the area of the sub-pixel, the sub-pixel No. 1 in the eighteenth column in the second row may be regarded as the sub-pixel covered by the first cylindrical lens 121-1, that is, the sub-pixel No. 1 in the eighteenth column in the second row may be split by the first cylindrical lens 121-1.

In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 2B, the number of pixels covered by the cylindrical lens 121 (i.e., the light modulation structure) is 17, and the pixels may include 3 sub-pixels. Here, the pixel in fig. 2B includes: a red sub-pixel (R sub-pixel), a green sub-pixel (G sub-pixel), and a blue sub-pixel (B sub-pixel) are illustrated as examples.

In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 2B, the extending direction DR0 of the cylindrical lens 121 (i.e., the light modulation structure) may be inclined at an angle θ of between about 5 ° and 10 ° with respect to the second direction DR 2. Wherein the extending direction DR0 intersects the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR 2. Here, the embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit this. As such, K viewpoints may be provided by the lenticular slant arrangement. In fig. 2B, the number marked on each sub-pixel is the serial number of the view point responsible for displaying. Fig. 2B collectively shows the numbers of 51 views. Under the condition that the cylindrical lenses 121 and the two-dimensional display panel 11 form a certain included angle, the relative positions of the pixels and the cylindrical lenses in the two-dimensional display panel can be periodically changed through the layout design. For example, 51 subpixels within the dashed line box in fig. 2B are one period (i.e., subpixels No. 0 to No. 50 shown within the dashed line box in fig. 2B may be one repeating unit, forming one 3D pixel). Here, distances from the sub-pixels corresponding to different viewpoints to the axis of the corresponding lenticular lens are different (i.e., distances from the sub-pixels having different viewpoint numbers to the axis of the lenticular lens corresponding to the sub-pixels in fig. 2B are different), and therefore, angles of light rays emitted from the sub-pixels corresponding to different viewpoint numbers in all the different repeating units after being emitted through the respective corresponding lenticular lenses are different, so that the light rays emitted from the sub-pixels corresponding to different viewpoint numbers in all the different repeating units are spatially separated from each other (i.e., light rays emitted from the sub-pixels corresponding to the same viewpoint number in all the different repeating units form a viewpoint after passing through the respective corresponding lenticular lens) to spatially separate or isolate a left-eye image portion and a right-eye image portion displayed on the two-dimensional display panel in the direction of the left eye and the right eye of a user, respectively, and thus, 3D display can be achieved. Here, the axis of the cylindrical lens may refer to a straight line that equally divides the cylindrical lens in the extending direction DR0 of the cylindrical lens.

In an exemplary embodiment, the sub-pixels at the same position in different repeating units may correspond to the same viewpoint. Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of 6 viewpoints formed by splitting light of 6 sub-pixels in a first row of sub-pixels in 8 repeating units (divided by horizontal braces { "), as shown in fig. 3, light emitted by sub-pixels at the same position in different repeating units is projected to different regions in space to form 6 viewpoints in space, so that different parallax images can be imaged at different positions in space and enter left and right eyes of a viewer respectively, thereby realizing a naked eye 3D display effect (i.e., multi-viewpoint display). Here, in fig. 3, the number of sub-pixels does not represent the number of sub-pixels included in an actual row of sub-pixels in an actual repeating unit.

In an exemplary embodiment, the focal length f of the cylindrical lens may satisfy the following relation:

where f denotes a focal length of the cylindrical lens, n denotes a refractive index of the cylindrical lens, and r denotes a radius of curvature of a curved surface of the cylindrical lens. The focal length may also be called focal length, which is a measure of the light gathering or diverging in an optical system, and may refer to the distance from the center of the lens to the focal point of the light gathering.

In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the parameters of the cylindrical lens may satisfy the following relation:

substituting the formula (2) into the formula (3) can obtain that the parameters of the cylindrical lens satisfy the following relational expression:

substituting the formula (2) into the formula (4) can obtain that the parameters of the cylindrical lens satisfy the following relational expression:

d = nf-nD formula (7);

wherein f represents the focal length of the cylindrical lens, d represents the thickness of the cylindrical lens, p represents the aperture of the cylindrical lens, W _p Denotes a width of the sub-pixel, L denotes an observation distance corresponding to the three-dimensional display device, Q denotes a spacing distance between adjacent viewpoints, n denotes a refractive index of the lenticular lens, D denotes a distance between the two-dimensional display panel and the light modulation member, and K denotes a three-dimensional displayThe number of viewpoints the device has. Here, the observation distance L corresponding to the three-dimensional display device may refer to a dimension characteristic between an observation point (e.g., a viewpoint) of human eyes and the light modulation assembly 10 along the third direction DR3 (i.e., a thickness direction of the three-dimensional display device). The distance D between the two-dimensional display panel 11 and the light modulation assembly 10 may refer to a dimension characteristic between the two-dimensional display panel 11 and the light modulation assembly 10 along the third direction DR3 (i.e., a thickness direction of the three-dimensional display device).

In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the two-dimensional display panel 11 may be located at a focal plane of the lenticular lens array 12. Here, fig. 4 illustrates only one lenticular lens 121 in the lenticular lens array 12 as an example. The focal plane may be a plane passing through the focal point f and perpendicular to the main optical axis of the cylindrical lens array 12. For example, as shown in fig. 2A, the three-dimensional display device may include: the display panel comprises a two-dimensional display panel 11, a spacer medium layer (not shown in the figure) arranged on the light-emitting side of the two-dimensional display panel 11, and a cylindrical lens array 12 arranged on the side, far away from the two-dimensional display panel 11, of the spacer medium layer. The cylindrical lens array 12 is configured to provide K viewpoints, and project light rays emitted by pixels corresponding to different viewpoints to different regions in space, so as to implement three-dimensional display (i.e. multi-viewpoint display); the spacer dielectric layer, having a certain thickness D along the third direction DR3, is configured to ensure that the two-dimensional display panel 11 can be located on the focal plane of the lenticular array 12 to obtain the best collimation effect. For example, a spacer medium layer may be attached between the two-dimensional display panel 11 and the lenticular lens array 12, and the spacer medium layer may be made of a transparent material such as glass or PET (polyethylene terephthalate). Here, the embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit this.

In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the relationship between the sub-pixel position and the position of the human eye (observation point, viewpoint) may satisfy the following relationship:

where h denotes a height between a center of the sub-pixel and a center of the lenticular lens 121 along the first direction DR1, f denotes a focal length of the lenticular lens 121, L denotes an observation distance corresponding to the three-dimensional display device (i.e., a distance between a center of a human eye and the lenticular lens 121 along the third direction DR 3), and v denotes a distance between the center of the human eye and the lenticular lens 121 along the first direction DR 1. Here, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the symbol f may indicate a focal length of the cylindrical lens 121, and may also indicate a focal point of the cylindrical lens.

In one exemplary embodiment, the focal length f of the cylindrical lens may be between about 0.3mm and 2 mm. Here, the embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit this.

In one exemplary embodiment, the thickness d of the cylindrical lens may be approximately between 0.5mm and 1 mm. Wherein, the thickness of the lenticular lens may refer to a dimension characteristic of the lenticular lens along the third direction DR 3. Here, the embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit this.

In an exemplary embodiment, the aperture p of the cylindrical lens may be between about 300 μm and about 1000 μm, i.e., the width W of the light modulating structure may be between about 300 μm and about 1000 μm. Herein, the aperture of the cylindrical lens may refer to a dimension characteristic of the cylindrical lens along the first direction DR 1. Here, the embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit this.

The following describes a three-dimensional display device provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure with reference to the drawings, taking a light modulation component as a slit grating as an example. Fig. 5A is a schematic diagram of a fourth structure of a three-dimensional display device in an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, and fig. 5B is a schematic diagram of a fifth structure of the three-dimensional display device in an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, where fig. 5A is a schematic diagram of a cross section of the three-dimensional display device, and fig. 5B is a schematic diagram of a plane of the three-dimensional display device.

As shown in fig. 5A and 5B, the three-dimensional display device may include: a two-dimensional display panel 11 and a slit grating 13 disposed on one side of the two-dimensional display panel 11, wherein the two-dimensional display panel 11 may include: a plurality of pixels arranged in an array along the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2, each of the pixels may include: the plurality of sub-pixels, the slit grating 13 may include: the light-transmitting portions 132 and the light-shielding portions 131 are disposed in parallel and alternately along the first direction DR1, that is, each light-modulating structure may be a combination of one light-transmitting portion 132 and half light-shielding portions 131 respectively located at two sides of the light-transmitting portion 132 along the first direction DR 1. All the sub-pixels covered by at least one light modulation structure (i.e., the combination of one strip-shaped light-transmitting portion 132 and half strip-shaped light-shielding portions 131 respectively located at two sides of the strip-shaped light-transmitting portion 132 along the first direction DR 1) can be divided into at least one repeating unit, and the at least one repeating unit can be sequentially arranged along the extending direction DR0 of the at least one lenticular lens. Here, fig. 5B illustrates, as an example, three stripe light-shielding portions 131 and two stripe light-transmitting portions 132 (including a first stripe light-shielding portion 131-1, a first stripe light-transmitting portion 132-1, a second stripe light-shielding portion 131-2, a second stripe light-transmitting portion 132-2, and a third stripe light-shielding portion 131-3 arranged in this order in the first direction DR 1) in the slit grating 13, and shows one of all the repeating units (i.e., the portion shown in the broken line frame in fig. 5B) into which all the sub-pixels in the two-dimensional display panel 11 are divided, which is covered by one light modulation structure (i.e., a combination of a portion of the first stripe light-shielding portion 131-1, the first stripe light-transmitting portion 132-1, and a portion of the second stripe light-shielding portion 131-2).

In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 5B, a sub-pixel covered by one light modulation structure (e.g., a combination of a portion of the first strip-shaped light-shielding portion 131-1, the first strip-shaped light-transmitting portion 132-1, and a portion of the second strip-shaped light-shielding portion 131-2) may refer to a sub-pixel which is split by the first strip-shaped light-transmitting portion 132-1. The sub-pixel covered by one light modulation structure (e.g., a combination of another part of the second strip-shaped light-shielding portion 131-2, the second strip-shaped light-transmitting portion 132-2, and a part of the third strip-shaped light-shielding portion 131-3) may refer to a sub-pixel that is split by the second strip-shaped light-transmitting portion 132-2. Wherein, FIG. 5B shows a plurality of sub-pixels (including sub-pixel No. 0 to sub-pixel No. 50) in one repeating unit. Here, in fig. 5B, the view number on the sub-pixel does not represent the actual view number, and the number of sub-pixels does not represent the number of sub-pixels actually included in the actual repeating unit.

In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 5B, the inclination angle θ of the extending direction DR0 of the slit grating (i.e., the strip-shaped light-transmitting portion 132 and the strip-shaped light-shielding portion 131) and the second direction DR2 may be about 5 ° to 10 °. Wherein the extending direction DR0 intersects the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR 2. Here, the embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit this. In this way, K viewpoints may be provided by the slit grating being diagonally arranged. In fig. 5B, the number marked on each sub-pixel is the serial number of the view point responsible for displaying. Fig. 5B collectively shows the numbers of 51 views. Under the condition that the slit grating and the two-dimensional display panel 11 present a certain included angle, the relative positions of the pixels and the strip-shaped light-transmitting portions in the two-dimensional display panel 11 can be periodically changed through layout design. For example, 51 subpixels within a dashed box in fig. 5B are one period (i.e., subpixels No. 0 to No. 50 shown within a dashed box in fig. 5B may be one repeating unit, forming one 3D pixel). Here, distances from the sub-pixels corresponding to different viewpoints to the axes of the corresponding strip-shaped light-transmitting portions are different (i.e., distances from the sub-pixels having different viewpoint numbers to the axes of the strip-shaped light-transmitting portions corresponding to the sub-pixels in fig. 5B are different), and therefore, angles of light rays emitted from the sub-pixels corresponding to different viewpoint numbers in all different repeating units after being emitted through the respective corresponding strip-shaped light-transmitting portions are different, so that the light rays emitted from the sub-pixels corresponding to different viewpoint numbers in all different repeating units are spatially separated from each other (i.e., light rays emitted from the sub-pixels corresponding to the same viewpoint number in all different repeating units form a viewpoint after passing through the respective corresponding strip-shaped light-transmitting portions), so as to spatially separate or isolate a left-eye image portion and a right-eye image portion displayed on the two-dimensional display panel in the directions of the left eye and the right eye of a user, respectively, and thus, 3D display can be implemented. The axis of the stripe-shaped light transmission portion may be a straight line that equally divides the stripe-shaped light transmission portion in the extending direction DR0 of the stripe-shaped light transmission portion.

In an exemplary embodiment, the sub-pixels at the same position in different repeating units may correspond to the same viewpoint. Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of 6 viewpoints formed by 6 sub-pixels in the first row of sub-pixels in 8 repeating units (divided by horizontal braces { "), after being split by corresponding strip-shaped light-transmitting portions, as shown in fig. 6, light rays emitted by sub-pixels at the same position in different repeating units are projected to different regions in space to form 6 viewpoints in space, so that different parallax images can be imaged at different positions in space and enter left and right eyes of a viewer respectively, thereby realizing a naked eye 3D display effect (i.e., multi-viewpoint display). Here, in fig. 6, the number of sub-pixels does not represent the number of sub-pixels included in an actual row of sub-pixels in an actual repeating unit.

In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, according to the triangle similarity principle, the parameters of the slit grating may satisfy the following relation:

W _s ＝W _w +W _b formula (12);

as can be obtained from equation (9), the parameters of the slit grating may satisfy the following relation:

by substituting equation (13) into equation (10), the parameters of the slit grating may satisfy the following relation:

substituting equation (13) into equation (11) can obtain that the parameters of the slit grating can satisfy the following relation:

wherein, W _s Representing the grating pitch, W, of the slit grating _w Width of light-transmitting part of stripe shape, W _b Width of the stripe-shaped light-shielding portion, W _p Denotes the width of the sub-pixels, Q denotes the spacing distance between adjacent viewpoints, D denotes the distance between the two-dimensional display panel and the light modulation assembly, K denotes the number of viewpoints that the three-dimensional display device has, and L denotes the corresponding observation distance of the three-dimensional display device.

Here, the width W of the sub-pixel _p May refer to a size characteristic of the sub-pixel along the first direction DR 1. Grating pitch W of slit grating _s It may refer to a dimension characteristic of the slit grating along the first direction DR1, i.e., the width W of the light modulation structure. The width of the strip-shaped light transmission part can be W _w Refers to the dimension characteristics of the strip-shaped light-transmitting part along the first direction DR 1. The width of the strip-shaped shading part can be W _b Refers to the dimension characteristics of the stripe-shaped light shielding portions along the first direction DR 1. The observation distance L corresponding to the three-dimensional display device may refer to a dimension characteristic between the observation point (e.g., the viewpoint) of human eyes and the light modulation assembly 10 along the third direction DR3 (i.e., the thickness direction of the three-dimensional display device). The distance D between the two-dimensional display panel 11 and the light modulation assembly 10 may refer to a dimension characteristic between the two-dimensional display panel 11 and the light modulation assembly 10 along the third direction DR3 (i.e., a thickness direction of the three-dimensional display device).

In an exemplary embodiment, the width W of the strip-shaped light-transmitting portion _w Less than the width W of the strip-shaped shading part _b 。

In one exemplary embodiment, the grating pitch W of the slit grating _s May be between about 300 μm and about 1000 μm, i.e. the width W of the light modulating structure may be between about 300 μm and about 1000 μm. Here, the embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit this.

In one exemplary embodiment, the two-dimensional display panel may be a high-resolution display panel. For example, the high resolution display panel may be a 4K display panel (e.g., standard 4K resolution may be 4096 × 2160) or an 8K display panel (e.g., standard 8K resolution may be 7680 × 4320), etc. The embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit this.

In one exemplary embodiment, the size of the two-dimensional display panel may be about 15.6 inches. The size of the two-dimensional display panel may refer to a size characteristic of a diagonal direction of an effective display area of the two-dimensional display panel. The embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit this.

In one exemplary embodiment, the sub-pixel width W _p May depend on hardware parameters of the two-dimensional display panel (e.g. the size of the two-dimensional display panel or the resolution of the two-dimensional display panel, etc.). For example, taking a two-dimensional display panel as a 4K display panel as an example, the sub-pixel width W _p It may be of the order of 90.9 μm,

in one exemplary embodiment, the two-dimensional display panel may include, but is not limited to, a liquid crystal display panel. Here, the embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit this.

The following describes a three-dimensional display device in an embodiment of the present disclosure with reference to the drawings, taking a two-dimensional display panel as an example of a liquid crystal display panel. Fig. 7A is a sixth structural schematic diagram of a three-dimensional display device in an embodiment of the disclosure, and fig. 7B is a seventh structural schematic diagram of the three-dimensional display device in the embodiment of the disclosure.

In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 7A and 7B, the two-dimensional display panel 11 may be a liquid crystal display panel, and the two-dimensional display panel 11 may include: an array substrate 111 and an opposite substrate 112 disposed oppositely, and a liquid crystal layer 113 disposed between the array substrate 111 and the opposite substrate 112.

In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 7A and 7B, the three-dimensional display device may further include: the backlight module 20 is disposed on a light incident side of the two-dimensional display panel 11 (i.e., a liquid crystal display panel) and configured to provide backlight to the two-dimensional display panel 11, and the two-dimensional display panel 11 is configured to receive the backlight and perform display of different gray-scale colors.

In an exemplary embodiment, the backlight module may include, but is not limited to, any one of a direct type backlight module and a side type backlight module according to a position of the backlight source. Here, the embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit this.

In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 7A, taking the backlight module as a direct-type backlight module as an example, the backlight module 20 may include: a backlight 201, and a light unifying sheet 202 located between the backlight 201 and the two-dimensional display panel 11 (i.e., liquid crystal display panel).

In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 7B, taking the backlight module as a side-in type backlight module as an example, the backlight module 20 includes: backlight 201, reflector 204, light guide 203 and even light piece 202 can follow third direction DR3 and stack gradually the setting, reflector 204 is located the first side of keeping away from two-dimensional display panel 11 (being liquid crystal display panel) of light guide 203, even light piece 202 is located the second side that is close to two-dimensional display panel 11 (being liquid crystal display panel) of light guide 203, backlight 201 is located the third side of light guide 203, first side and second side set up relatively, the third side is alternately with first side and second side.

In one exemplary embodiment, the backlight may be one or more light emitting diodes.

As verified by the inventor of the present disclosure, fig. 8 is an angular spectrum test graph of a three-dimensional display device in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, where fig. 8 shows an angular spectrum test curve corresponding to 51 viewpoints, in fig. 8, a horizontal axis represents an angle, and a unit is (angle division), a value range is between-70 and 70, a vertical axis represents a brightness, and a unit is nt (nit), and a value range is between 0 and 100. As shown in fig. 8, the three-dimensional display device according to the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure has a brightness range of 30 to 90 corresponding to 51 viewpoints between-32 '(angle division) to 27' (angle division) of a viewing angle. Thus, when naked eye stereoscopic display is formed, the three-dimensional display device provided by the exemplary embodiment of the disclosure can obtain continuous dense view points, can increase the viewing range, can avoid reduction of the resolution of stereoscopic display and can increase the number of view points, thereby improving the stereoscopic display effect.

In addition, the three-dimensional display device in the embodiment of the disclosure may include other necessary components and structures besides the two-dimensional display panel and the light modulation component, for example, a pixel driving circuit, a Source Driver (Source Driver) circuit, and the like, and those skilled in the art may design and supplement the three-dimensional display device accordingly according to the type of the three-dimensional display device, and details are not described herein again.

In an exemplary embodiment, the three-dimensional display device may be implemented in various forms. For example, the three-dimensional display device may include, but is not limited to: any product or component with a display function, such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a television, a display, a notebook computer, a navigator, a three-dimensional electronic sand table and the like. Here, the embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit the type of the display device. Other essential components of the display device are understood by those skilled in the art, and are not described herein nor should they be construed as limiting the present disclosure.

Although the embodiments disclosed in the present disclosure are described above, the above description is only for the convenience of understanding the present disclosure, and is not intended to limit the present disclosure. It will be understood by those skilled in the art of the present disclosure that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure, and that the scope of the disclosure is to be limited only by the terms of the appended claims.

Claims (17)

1. A three-dimensional display device, comprising: a two-dimensional display panel and a light modulation assembly disposed at one side of the two-dimensional display panel, wherein,

the two-dimensional display panel includes: a plurality of pixels arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction, each pixel comprising: a plurality of sub-pixels, the second direction crossing the first direction;

the light modulation assembly includes: the light modulation structures are periodically arranged along a first direction, all sub-pixels covered by at least one light modulation structure are divided into at least one repeating unit, and light rays emitted by the sub-pixels at the same position in all the repeating units form a viewpoint after passing through the corresponding light modulation structures;

the parameters of the three-dimensional display device satisfy the following relational expression:

wherein W represents the width of the light modulation structure, W _p Denotes a width of the sub-pixel, Q denotes a spacing distance between adjacent viewpoints, K denotes the number of viewpoints the three-dimensional display device has, and the width denotes a dimension characteristic in the first direction.

2. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 1, wherein a distance D between the two-dimensional display panel and the light modulation assembly in a thickness direction of the three-dimensional display device is between 0.3mm and 0.9 mm.

3. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 1, wherein the observation distance L of the three-dimensional display device is between 50cm and 60 cm.

4. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 1, wherein the width W of the light modulating structure is between 300 μm and 1000 μm.

5. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 1, wherein the angle of inclination between the direction of extension of the light modulating structure and the second direction is between 5 ° and 10 °.

6. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 1, wherein the number of pixels covered by the light modulation structure is 17, and the pixels comprise 3 sub-pixels.

7. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 1, wherein the viewing angle of the three-dimensional display device is between 35 ° and 45 °.

8. The three-dimensional display device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the light modulation assembly comprises: any one or more of a lenticular array and a slit grating, the lenticular array comprising: a plurality of cylindrical lenses, the light modulation structure is the cylindrical lenses, the slit grating includes: the light modulation structure is a combination of the strip-shaped light-transmitting parts and the strip-shaped light-shielding parts.

9. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 8, wherein the two-dimensional display panel is located at a focal plane of the lenticular array.

10. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 8, wherein the parameters of the cylindrical lens satisfy the following relation:

d＝nf-nD；

/>

wherein f represents the focal length of the cylindrical lens, d represents the thickness of the cylindrical lens, p represents the aperture of the cylindrical lens, W _p The width of the sub-pixel is represented, L represents the observation distance corresponding to the three-dimensional display device, Q represents the spacing distance between adjacent viewpoints, n represents the refractive index of the cylindrical lens, D represents the distance between the two-dimensional display panel and the light modulation assembly, and K represents the number of viewpoints possessed by the three-dimensional display device.

11. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 10, wherein the cylindrical lens has a focal length f between 0.3mm and 2 mm.

12. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 10, wherein the thickness d of the cylindrical lens is between 0.5mm and 1 mm.

13. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 8, wherein the parameters of the slit grating satisfy the following relation:

W _s ＝W _w +W _b ；

wherein, W _s Representing the grating pitch, W, of the slit grating _w Width of light-transmitting part of stripe shape, W _b Indicates the width, W, of the stripe-shaped light-shielding portion _p The width of the sub-pixels is represented, Q represents the spacing distance between adjacent viewpoints, D represents the distance between the two-dimensional display panel and the light modulation assembly, K represents the number of viewpoints possessed by the three-dimensional display device, and L represents the corresponding observation distance of the three-dimensional display device.

14. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 13, wherein the width W of the stripe-shaped light-transmitting portion _w Less than the width W of the strip-shaped shading part _b 。

15. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 1, wherein the two-dimensional display panel is a liquid crystal display panel, the three-dimensional display device further comprising: a backlight module; wherein, backlight unit is located liquid crystal display panel's income light side includes: any one of a direct type backlight module and a side type backlight module.

16. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 15, wherein the direct-type backlight module comprises: the backlight source and the light homogenizing sheet are positioned between the backlight source and the liquid crystal display panel.

17. The three-dimensional display device of claim 15, wherein the lateral backlight module comprises: the backlight source comprises a backlight source body, a light reflecting sheet, a light guide sheet and a light homogenizing sheet, wherein the light reflecting sheet, the light guide sheet and the light homogenizing sheet are sequentially stacked along a third direction, the light reflecting sheet is located on a first side, away from the liquid crystal display panel, of the light guide sheet, the light homogenizing sheet is located on a second side, close to the light guide sheet, of the liquid crystal display panel, the backlight source is located on a third side of the light guide sheet, the first side and the second side are oppositely arranged, and the third side is crossed with the first side and the second side.

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