CN115885551A

CN115885551A - Method, apparatus and computer readable medium for controlling transmit power

Info

Publication number: CN115885551A
Application number: CN202080103323.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郭海友
Original assignee: Nokia Shanghai Bell Co Ltd; Nokia Solutions and Networks Oy
Current assignee: Nokia Shanghai Bell Co Ltd; Nokia Solutions and Networks Oy
Priority date: 2020-08-21
Filing date: 2020-08-21
Publication date: 2023-03-31
Also published as: WO2022036682A1

Abstract

A method for controlling transmit power is disclosed. An example method may include: determining a next power based on a current power for performing a current transmission to a receiver and a quality of the current transmission, determining an acceleration power based on the current power, the next power, and a previous power for performing a previous transmission to the receiver; and performing a next transmission to the receiver with the next power or the acceleration power. Related apparatus and computer readable media are also disclosed.

Description

Method, apparatus and computer readable medium for controlling transmit power

Technical Field

Various embodiments relate to methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media for controlling transmit power.

Background

In a telecommunications system or network, such as a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, a new air interface (NR or 5G) system, or a non-cellular wireless network, transmit power may be controlled, e.g., for interference management, energy management, connectivity management, etc.

Disclosure of Invention

In a first aspect, a method is disclosed, comprising: determining a next power based on a current power for performing a current transmission to a receiver and a quality of the current transmission; determining an acceleration power based on the current power, the next power, and a previous power for performing a previous transmission to the receiver; and performing a next transmission to the receiver with the next power or the acceleration power.

In some embodiments, the acceleration power may depend on a weighted sum of the next power and the current power, wherein a ratio of a first weight of the next power to a second weight of the current power may correspond to a ratio of a difference between the current power and the previous power and a difference between the current power and the next power, and a sum of the first weight and the second weight may be 1.

In some embodiments, the next transmission may be performed with the acceleration power in at least one of a case where the acceleration power satisfies a predetermined convergence condition or a case where the number of transmissions reaches at least one predetermined number greater than 2.

In some embodiments, the at least one predetermined number may be selected from a predetermined increasing sequence of integers, wherein the increment of two consecutive integers in the predetermined increasing sequence may be greater than 2.

In some embodiments, the at least one predetermined number may be common to more than one transmitter sharing a common physical channel.

In some embodiments, the quality of the current transmission may include at least one of a signal-to-noise ratio, a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, and the like.

In a second aspect, an apparatus is disclosed that may be configured to perform at least the method of the first aspect. The apparatus may include at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one memory may include computer program code, and the at least one memory and the computer program code may be configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform: determining a next power based on a current power for performing a current transmission to a receiver and a quality of the current transmission; determining an acceleration power based on the current power, the next power, and a previous power used to perform a previous transmission to the receiver; and performing a next transmission to the receiver with the next power or the acceleration power.

In some embodiments, the next transmission may be performed at the acceleration power in at least one of a case where the acceleration power satisfies a predetermined convergence condition or a case where the number of transmissions reaches at least one predetermined number greater than 2.

In a third aspect, an apparatus is disclosed that may be configured to perform at least the method of the first aspect. The apparatus may include: means for determining a next power based on a current power at which a current transmission to a receiver is performed and a quality of the current transmission; means for determining an acceleration power based on the current power, the next power, and a previous power to perform a previous transmission to a receiver; and means for performing a next transmission to the receiver at the next power or the accelerated power.

In some embodiments, the acceleration power may depend on a weighted sum of the next power and the current power, wherein a ratio of a first weight of the next power to a second weight of the current power may correspond to a ratio of a difference between the current power and the previous power to a difference between the current power and the next power, and a sum of the first weight and the second weight may be 1.

In some embodiments, the at least one predetermined number may be selected from a predetermined increasing sequence of integers, wherein an increment of two consecutive integers in the predetermined increasing sequence may be greater than 2.

In a fourth aspect, a computer-readable medium is disclosed. The computer readable medium may comprise instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus to perform the method of the first aspect. The instructions may cause the apparatus to perform: determining a next power based on a current power for performing a current transmission to a receiver and a quality of the current transmission; determining an acceleration power based on the current power, the next power, and a previous power for performing a previous transmission to the receiver; and performing a next transmission to the receiver using the next power or the acceleration power.

In some embodiments, the acceleration power may depend on a weighted sum of the next power and the current power, wherein a ratio of a first weight of the next power to a second weight of the current power may correspond to a ratio of a difference between the current power and the previous power and a difference between the current power and the next power, and the sum of the first weight and the second weight may be 1.

In a fifth aspect, a method is disclosed, comprising: determining a next power based on a current power of a current transmission from a transmitter and a quality of the current transmission; determining an acceleration power based on the current power, the next power, and a previous power of a previous transmission from the transmitter; and notifying the transmitter of the next power or the acceleration power.

In some embodiments, the accelerating power may depend on a weighted sum of the next power and the current power, wherein a ratio of a first weight of the next power to a second weight of the current power may correspond to a ratio of a difference between the current power and the previous power and a difference between the current power and the next power, and a sum of the first weight and the second weight may be 1.

In some embodiments, the acceleration power may be notified to the transmitter in at least one of a case where the acceleration power satisfies a predetermined convergence condition or a case where the number of transmissions reaches at least one predetermined number greater than 2.

In some embodiments, the at least one predetermined number may be common to more than one receiver sharing a common physical channel.

In some embodiments, the current received quality may include at least one of a signal-to-noise ratio, a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, and the like.

In a sixth aspect, an apparatus is disclosed that may be configured to perform at least the method of the fifth aspect. The apparatus may include at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one memory may include computer program code, and the at least one memory and the computer program code may be configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform: determining a next power based on a current power of a current transmission from a transmitter and a quality of the current transmission; determining an acceleration power based on the current power, the next power, and a previous power of a previous transmission from the transmitter; and notifying the transmitter of the next power or the acceleration power.

In some embodiments, the accelerating power may depend on a weighted sum of the next power and the current power, wherein a ratio of a first weight of the next power to a second weight of the current power may correspond to a ratio of a difference between the current power and the previous power and a difference between the current power and the next power, and the sum of the first weight and the second weight may be 1.

In a seventh aspect, an apparatus is disclosed that may be configured to perform at least the method of the fifth aspect. The apparatus may include: means for determining a next power based on a current power of a current transmission from a transmitter and a quality of the current transmission; means for determining an acceleration power based on the current power, the next power, and a previous power of a previous transmission from the transmitter; and means for notifying the transmitter of the next power or the acceleration power.

In an eighth aspect, a computer-readable medium is disclosed. The computer readable medium may comprise instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus to perform the method of the fifth aspect. The instructions may cause an apparatus to perform: determining a next power based on a current power of a current transmission from a transmitter and a quality of the current transmission; determining an acceleration power based on the current power, the next power, and a previous power of a previous transmission from the transmitter; and notifying the transmitter of the next power or the acceleration power.

Drawings

Some embodiments will now be described, by way of non-limiting examples, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 illustrates a distributed network in an embodiment.

Fig. 2 illustrates an example process of controlling power in an embodiment.

Fig. 3 illustrates an example process of controlling power in an embodiment.

Fig. 4 illustrates an example process of controlling power in an embodiment.

Fig. 5 illustrates an example process of controlling power in an embodiment.

Fig. 6 illustrates an example process of controlling power in an embodiment.

Fig. 7 illustrates an example process of controlling power in an embodiment.

Fig. 8 illustrates an example process of controlling power in an embodiment.

Fig. 9 illustrates an example process of controlling power in an embodiment.

Fig. 10 illustrates an example process of controlling power in an embodiment.

Fig. 11 illustrates an example process of controlling power in an embodiment.

Fig. 12 illustrates an example method for controlling power in an embodiment.

Fig. 13 illustrates an example apparatus for controlling power in an embodiment.

Fig. 14 illustrates an example device for controlling power in an embodiment.

FIG. 15 illustrates an example method for controlling power in an embodiment.

Fig. 16 illustrates an example apparatus for controlling power in an embodiment.

Fig. 17 illustrates an example device for controlling power in an embodiment.

Fig. 18 illustrates the performance of power control without restart in an embodiment.

Fig. 19 illustrates the performance of power control without restart in an embodiment.

Fig. 20 illustrates performance of power control with restart in an embodiment.

Fig. 21 illustrates performance of power control with restart in an embodiment.

Detailed Description

The transmit power may be controlled based on one or more measurements of the received power. For example, closed loop power adjustment/control of physical uplink channels such as Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) and/or Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) (TS) has been defined in a number of third generation partnership project (3 GPP) technical standards such as 3GPP TS 36.213/36.212 for LTE systems, 3GPP TS 38.213/38.212 for NR systems, 3GPP TS 25.214 for Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), and so on. For example, in the absence of central coordination or global information such as Channel State Information (CSI), distributed or decentralized transmit power control (also referred to herein as "power control") may be applied such that autonomous power control may be achieved based on local measurements and additional costs on signaling cross-links may be reduced or avoided. For example, power control based on signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) tracking, such as an iterative power control process based on the fosschini-Miljanic algorithm, may be applied to allow an admitted communication link (transmitter-receiver pair) to pursue a target SINR based on a difference between the target SINR and an actual SINR, respectively. Since the power control commands in the 3GPP standard (e.g., 3GPP TS 36.213/36.212 for LTE systems, 3GPP TS 38.213/38.212 for NR systems, 3GPP TS 25.214 for WCDMA, etc.) define the basic step size for power adjustment/control, multiples of this step size can be used and smaller step sizes can be modeled based on multiples of this step size. Thus, the 3GPP standard may allow SINR tracking power control.

As shown in FIG. 1, in the form of L (L)>0) In a distributed network 100 of links (transmitter-receiver pairs), link i (or the ith link, 0)<Link L ≦ L), also used herein as TX _l Indicating that data is to be sent to the intended receiver of link i, also denoted RX herein _l . E.g. as in TX in FIG. 1 ₁ 101 to RX ₁ 102, TX, shown in bold solid arrows ₁ 101 may be directed to RX ₁ 102 transmit the data. Similarly, TX ₂ 103 may be towards RX ₂ 104 transmit data, TX ₃ 105 may be directed to RX ₃ 106 transmit data, TX _L 107 may go to RX _L 108 sending dataAnd the like. To multiplex spectrum resources, communications of multiple links may share a common physical channel, but this may cause mutual interference. E.g. from TX in FIG. 1 ₂ 103、TX ₃ 105、TX _L 107 waiting to RX1 as indicated by the dashed arrow, TX ₁ 101 and RX ₁ 102 may be subject to interference from, for example, TX ₂ 103、TX ₃ 105、TX _L 107, etc. of one or more other transmitters.

Here, G _lm (0<m ≦ L) for TX _m And RX _l Channel gain in between, TX _l Is allocated a transmission power p _l . Then, at RX _l The SINR measured at (or link l) may be

Wherein p = [ p ] ₁ p ₂ …p _L ] ^T And

showing the total effect in RX taking into account external interference and thermal noise _l The resulting background noise power.

Each link in the distributed network 100 shown in fig. 1 respectively seeks its target SINR to maintain a minimum level of received signals. For example, it is desirable that links in network 100 can meet a target SINR at a minimum power cost, thereby reducing interference and power consumption. Therefore, the power control seeks the following optimal power allocation p:

wherein beta is _l Representing the target SINR for link i. Theoretically, the optimum power allocation p can also be derived by the following closed expression:

where I is the identity matrix, diag (-) denotes the diagonal matrix composed of the components of the vector,

represents the Schur product (. Beta. = [ beta.) ] ₁ β ₂ …β _L ] ^T 、v＝[1/G ₁₁ 1/G ₂₂ …1/G _LL ] ^T 、/>

F represents an L × L matrix of cross-channel interference, for 0<k≤L，

In case SINR tracking power control is applied to the network 100, the initial transmission on link i at initial instant 0 may utilize the initial power p _l (0) And a power p for performing transmission on the link l at time t (t > 0) _l (t) may be based on the power p used to perform transmission on link l at previous time t-1 _l (t-1) and the SINR actually measured on link i at time t-1. E.g. power p _l (t) may be determined as:

wherein, the SINR _l (p (t-1)) means based on having a power vector p (t-1) = [ p ] at time t-1 ₁ (t-1),p ₂ (t-1),...,p _L (t-1)]And L, may also be referred to herein as SINR for simplicity as the actual measured SINR of the concurrent transmissions caused by links 1, 2 _l (t-1). Therefore, in the iterative process based on the above equation (5), it can be based on p _l (t) and SINR _l (p (t)) or SINR _l (t) to determine the power p _l (t+1)，SINR _l (t) indicates having at time t a base ofPower vector p (t) = [ p = [) ₁ (t),p ₂ (t),...,p _L (t)]

Links

1, 2,. And L cause a concurrent transmission of the actual measured SINR, and so on.

For the purpose of analysis, the iterative process based on the above equation (5) can also be expressed in the form of a matrix as follows:

wherein p (0) = [ p ] ₁ (0),p ₂ (0),...,p _L (0)]，

Is an interference matrix representing the total impact of the interference situation and the SINR allocation, and T _A (.) represents a mapping with respect to the interference matrix a.

Thus, from the initial time to time t, the sequence of vectors { p (0), p (1) }. When the spectral radius ρ of the matrix A _A Satisfy rho _A < 1, p (t) can converge at a rate-log ρ with t → ∞ _A Converge to the optimal power allocation p, independent of the initial p (0).

For example, in case the network involves a massive connection with high data requirements, the value of L and the order of the matrix a may increase due to the massive connection, and the target SINR of β may also increase due to the high data requirements, which may result in ρ _A Increasing and further decreasing the convergence rate. For example, the channel gain matrix G given in L =5 and according to table 1 _lm In the case where p is increased from 10dB to 12.5dB as the target SINR _A May be increased from 0.7464 to 0.9330 and the convergence rate may be further reduced with a higher target SINR. Then, in some cases, such as mobile networks with fast time-varying radio channels, with p _A → 1, the SINR tracking based power control procedure may become inefficient or even inapplicable.

Table 1

In various embodiments, a compacting (deflections) scheme for controlling transmit power is disclosed. In principle of the compaction scheme, the interference matrix a is modified with a rank-one matrix, so that the convergence rate of the compaction scheme for power control can be determined by the secondary dominant (dominant) eigenvalues with the second largest mode in matrix a, rather than the dominant eigenvalues with the largest mode. For example, if the non-negative matrix A has L eigenvalues λ ₁ 、λ ₂ 、λ ₃ …λ _L And ρ _A ＝|λ ₁ |>|λ ₂ |≥|λ ₃ |≥…≥|λ _L I, the asymptotic convergence rate of the tightening scheme for power control may be-log | λ ₂ I instead of-log ρ _A 。

To eliminate p _A The resulting bottleneck effect can be introduced with respect to the shrinkage matrix B = A-xb ^T Is mapped to

Where x is the sum of the principal eigenvalues ρ _A Associated principal eigenvector, b is to be designed such that b ^T x＝ρ _Α An arbitrary vector of (a). xb ^T May be used by permuting ρ _A While keeping the other eigenvalues unchanged, modifies the original interference matrix a such that the eigenvalues λ ₂ To the eigenvalues of the largest modes of the modification matrix B.

For the

Let us assume at ρ _Α Under the condition of < 1 >>

Can be expected to->

Has a convergence rate ratio greater than that >>

Is fast and the asymptotic convergence rate may be passed>

Is improved, wherein due to | λ ₂ |＜ρ _Α < 1 and >>

By

And b ^T x＝ρ _Α Based on the above equations (6) and (7), it can be obtained

And &>

Simple relationships between the procedures of (1):

thus, can be selected from

Derives a sequence that converges faster to q ×, and

can be considered as an approximation of q.

Basically, q can be described by the following closed expression:

in combination with the above formula (3), the relationship between q and p can be obtained as follows:

based on this, a faster approximation to p can be derived by using an approximation to q.

Thus, a better estimate of p can be obtained by

In addition, let

The l-th row, x, of the matrix A _l Is the i-th coordinate of the dominant feature vector x. Then, consider

Qualification b of link l may be

In combination with the above equations (13) and (14), the following equation can be obtained:

since can obtain

Wherein [. ]] _l Represents the ith component of the vector and

thus, the first component of p may be represented by

(also denoted here as ` Harbin `)>

) Estimated, it is independent of x and b. Links in network 100 can be slave &>

Independently derive p _A In case of knowledge of (a), based on the presence of a predetermined threshold value>

Parallel computing suitable for distributed implementations may be involved.

For link l at time t +1, ρ may be obtained based on the following equation _A Is estimated value of

Where the estimate may continually improve as t increases, and different links in the network 100 may reach ρ with (t + 1) → ∞ _A The consensus of (1) is as follows:

in conjunction with the above equations (16) and (17), p may be an estimated value at time t +1 or an acceleration power at time t +1

In which division and multiplication are operated byComponent-by-component approach. Thus, different links of network 100 may each utilize their associated links

Without introducing additional observations and signaling. For example, for link i, the estimate of p or acceleration power at time t +1 may be obtained at least as follows:

wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,

fig. 2 illustrates an example process 200 of distributed packed power control in an embodiment performed in the TX of the network 100.

As shown in fig. 2, in operation 201, at time t =0, TX _l Can pass through P _trans ＝p _l (0) To initialize the transmission power P _trans . Then, in operation 202, at time t, TX _l A value equal to the current power p may be used _l (t) a transmission power P _trans To RX _l And sending the data. In operation 203, TX _l May be for example provided by slave RX _l Receiving SINR _l (t) to obtain the quality of the current transmission performed in operation 202. Then, TX _l Can be determined from p based on the iteration defined by equation (5) above _l (t) and SINR _l (t) determination of p _l (t+1)。

Then, as shown in FIG. 2, in operation 205, it may be determined whether t +1 is a member of a predetermined sequence of increments of integers. The predetermined increasing sequence may comprise at least one integer equal to or greater than 2, wherein the increment of two consecutive integers may be greater than 2. For example, it may be TX _l An increasing sequence of one or more integers is configured, wherein a smallest integer of the one or more integers can be greater than 2 and a difference between any two integers of the one or more integers can be greater than 2. For example, a multiplication of one or more integersThe add sequence may be configured for TX _l And may include a single integer having a value greater than 2. In some examples, multiple transmitters sharing the same physical channel, such as TX in network 100 _l And TX _l+1 The same predetermined incrementing sequence is configured to maintain the synchronization process.

If t +1 is not a member of the predetermined incrementing sequence, operation 208 may be performed such that the transmit power P is _trans P may be determined in operation 204 _l (t + 1) and t may be updated with t +1 in operation 209 such that transmit power P may be enabled in operation 202 of the next cycle _trans The next transmission of (2).

If t +1 is a member of the predetermined increasing sequence, an acceleration power may be determined in operation 206

And may be conditioned with an acceleration power in operation 207>

Updating the transmission power P _trans . Then, t may be updated to t +1 in operation 209 so that the transmit power P may be at operation 202 in the next cycle _trans Execution corresponds to T = T _trans In which T is _trans Is a member of a predetermined incremental sequence.

In one example of this, the user may choose to place the device in a desired location,

may be determined based on the above formula (20) or (21). In another example of the above-described method,

(at time t +1 ρ of link l _A Estimate of) may be based on the above equation (17) to @>

And for slave TX at time t-1 _l To RX _l Is transmitted in a preceding cycle of a previous shot>

To determine, and then +>

May be determined based on the above equation (22). In another example, e.g., when t>At 1 time, is greater or less>

May also be based on the use for determining p _l (t + 1) quality index and method for determining p _l (t) difference between quality indicators and the value used to determine p _l (t) quality index and method for determining p _l (t-1) and then->

The determination may also be based on a ratio of a difference between a quality indicator associated with a concurrent transmission with p (t) at time t and a quality indicator associated with a concurrent transmission with p (t-1) at time t-1 in the same physical channel and a difference between a quality indicator associated with a concurrent transmission with p (t-1) at time t-1 and a quality indicator associated with a concurrent transmission with p (t-2) at time t-2 in the same physical channel. Then->

May be determined based on the above equation (22). For example, the quality indicator associated with a concurrent transmission with p (t) at time t may be by RX at time t _l Or TX _l Measured interference power or SINR.

In the example process 200, TX _l Performing transmissions other than t of members having a predetermined increasing sequence of transmit powers, e.g., determined based on equation (5) above, andand a more accurate power allocation for the actual transmission is determined, e.g., in response to reaching a predetermined number of transmissions, which may be members of a predetermined increasing sequence or at the end of power control.

For example, as shown in fig. 3, at time t =0 _l At an initial power p _l (0) To RX _l Performs transmission, and RX _l Measured with p _l (0) Reception quality of performed transmission, such as SINR _l (0) And measuring the reception quality SINR _l (0) Feedback to TX _l (ii) a At time t =1 after time t, TX _l From p based on equation (5) used in operation 204 _l (0) And SINR _l (0) Determined power p _l (1) Is performed to RX _l Is transmitted, and RX _l P for measurement _l (1) Quality of transmission, e.g. SINR _l (1) And measuring the reception quality SINR _l (1) Feedback to TX _l (ii) a And so on, at time T = T _trans-1 TX (micro power amplifier) _l At a power p _l (T _trans -1) performing to RX _l Of transmission, power p _l (T _trans -1) is from p based on equation (5) in operation 204 _l (T _trans -2) and SINR _l (T _trans -2) determining, and RX _l P for measurement _l (T _trans -1) reception quality of the transmission performed, such as SINR _l (T _trans -1) and measuring the reception quality SINR _l (T _trans -1) feedback to TX _l 。

As shown in fig. 3, in the example process 200, at time T = T _trans TX (micro power amplifier) _l With accelerating power

Is performed to RX _l Is transmitted with accelerated power->

For example, it may be determined based on the above equations (20), (21), (22), and the like. Then, at T = T _trans At, the example process 200 may be, for example, at an accelerated power @>

Execution of operation 202 is then stopped. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, at time T _trans And such as T _trans+1 At a subsequent time, TX _l Can be combined with accelerated power>

Is performed to RX _l Is transmitted.

Fig. 4 illustrates another example process 400 of distributed packed power control in an embodiment, at TX in network 100 _l Is executed.

Several operations in the example process 400 are substantially the same as some operations in the example process 200, and thus are denoted by corresponding reference numerals in fig. 2, and detailed description thereof will not be repeated. Differences between the example process 400 and the example process 200 include that, in the example process 400, in operation 401, it may be determined whether T +1 has reached a threshold of T _restart A predetermined restart period or restart window represented by ≧ 2. In response to t +1=T _restart Operations 206 and 207 are performed and the power control process will be restarted after time t by updating or resetting t to 0 in operation 402 and returning to operation 202, otherwise

operations

208 and 209 are performed.

For example, as shown in fig. 5, in the example process 400, at time t =0, TX _l At an initial power p _l (0) Is performed to RX _l Is transmitted, and RX _l Measured with p _l (0) Reception quality of the transmission performed, such as SINR _l (0) And the measured reception quality SINR _l (0) Feedback to TX _l (ii) a At time t =1 after time t =0, TX _l At a power p _l (1) Perform to RX _l Of transmission, power p _l (1) Is from p based on equation (5) in operation 204 _l (0) And SINR _l (0) Is determined and RX _l P for measurement _l (1) Reception quality of the transmission performed, such as SINR _l (T _trans -1) and measuring the reception quality SINR _l (1) Feedback to TX _l (ii) a And so on.

For example, in the current cycle starting at T =0, T _restart Is selected as the restart period. At time T = T _restart-1 TX of _l At a power p _l (T _restart -1) performing to RX _l Of transmission, power p _l (T _restart -1) is from p based on formula (5) in operation 204 _l (T _restart -2) and SINR _l (T _restart -2) determination, RX _l P for measurement _l (T _restart -1) reception quality of the transmission performed, such as SINR _l (T _restart -1) and measuring the quality SINR _l (T _restart -1) feedback to TX _l . Then, at time T _restart-1 Restart time after T = T _restart TX =0 _l With accelerating power p _l (0')＝p _l (T _restart ) Is performed to RX _l Of the transmitted, accelerated power p _l (0')＝p _l (T _restart ) May be determined, for example, based on equations (20), (21), (22), etc., above in

operations

206 and 207. Subsequently, at time t =1' after restart, TX _l At a power p _l (1') execution to RX _l Of transmission, power p _l (1 ') (1') is from p based on equation (5) in operation 204 _l (0') and SINR _l (0') determination, RX _l P for measurement _l (1') reception quality of transmission performed, such as SINR _l (1') and measuring the reception quality SINR _l (1') feedback to TX _l And so on.

In the example process 400, different restart periods may be employed, for example, for different target SINRs. In addition, the period T is restarted, for example by selecting from one or more different integers _restart The different loops for the example process 400 may be different. Also, for example, one or more integers may be used for sharing the same physical channel (such as TX) in network 100 _l And TX _l+1 ) May be common such that the restart of power control may be synchronized in one or more transmitters sharing the same physical channel. Further, for example, in operation 206 of the example process 400, the initial restart phase ends based on the publicDetermined by formula (17)

May also be retained and used for subsequent processing to avoid possible degradation of the convergence rate.

By means of the restart mechanism, a more accurate power allocation can be provided as an initial configuration at the beginning of the respective restart phase, so that e.g. the actual transmission over the air can be improved.

Fig. 6 illustrates another example process 600 of distributed packed power control in an embodiment, its TX in network 100 _l Is executed.

As shown in fig. 6, the example process 600 may include one or more of the operations of the example processes described above, such as

operations

201, 202, 203, 204, 206, 207, 208, and 209. Unlike

example process

200 or 400, in example process 600, t is determined by operation 601 after operation 204>Execution for determination in case of 0

Then operation 602 is included in the example process 600 for checking whether a predetermined convergence condition is met or whether t +1 is a member of a predetermined sequence of increments of integers. If the check in operation 602 returns "yes", then operation 207 may be performed, otherwise operation 208 may be performed.

For example, in operation 602, TX _l Can check

Is below a predetermined threshold indicating convergence. In another example, in operation 602, TX _l May be based on £ being calculated in operation 206 in one or more previous cycles of the example process 600>

And one or more acceleration powers to determine->

Whether a predetermined convergence condition is satisfied. For example, bagsComprises at least

And &>

Whether the difference of the predetermined number of acceleration powers is below a predetermined threshold value indicating convergence, or at least

And &>

Whether the sequence of predetermined numbers of acceleration powers converges. It should be understood that the present application is not limited to the way of checking whether the power allocation becomes converged.

In the example process 600, the performance of 207 or 208 may be adaptively determined based on the current acceleration power and/or one or more historical acceleration powers, and a more accurate power allocation may be provided during distributed reduced power control.

It should be understood that TX can be in network 100 _l The distributed packed power control performed in (1) is not limited to the above example. In another example, one or more examples may be combined, and/or one or more features/operations/aspects may be modified, added, or deleted.

In another example, distributed packed power control in accordance with the principles of the invention may also be implemented at the RX of network 100 _l To be implemented.

Fig. 7 illustrates another example process 700 of distributed packed power control in an embodiment at the RX of the network 100 _l Is executed.

As shown in FIG. 7, in operation 701, at time t, RX _l Can receive the secondary power p _l (t) TX in Slave network 100 _l The data to be transmitted. Operation 702 may pass through RX _l Performed, e.g., by measuring SINR _l (t) to measure the reception quality of the transmission received in operation 701. Then, RX _l Can be derived from p based on the iteration defined by equation (5) above _l (t) and SINR _l (t) to determine p _l (t+1)。

Then, as shown in FIG. 7, in operation 704, it may be determined whether t +1 is a member of a predetermined sequence of increments of integers. The predetermined increasing sequence may include at least one integer equal to or greater than 2, and an increment of two consecutive integers may be greater than 2. If t +1 is not a member of the predetermined incrementing sequence, then operation 707 may be performed to inform of the power p determined in operation 704 _l (t + 1), and t may be updated with t +1 in operation 708 so that the next reception at time t +1 may be enabled in operation 701 of the next cycle.

Accelerating power if t +1 is a member of a predetermined increasing sequence

May be determined in operation 705 and may be notified to the TX in operation 706 _l . Then, t may be updated with t +1 in operation 708 so that the next reception may be enabled in the next operation 701.

Similar to the implementation of operation 206, in operation 705, power is accelerated

May be determined in any suitable manner based on the principles of the present application.

In various embodiments, p may be notified in any suitable manner _l (t + 1) or

For example, p _l (t + 1) or->

May be quantified and signaled by power control commands. Also for example, p _l (t + 1) or +>

The increment or decrement of (c) may be quantified and signaled by the power control command.

In the example process 700, TX _l The power used to perform the transmission is determined by RX _l Notification wherein the transmit power other than t being a member of a predetermined increasing sequence may be determined, for example, based on equation (5) above, and a more accurate power allocation for actual transmission may be determined, for example, in response to reaching a predetermined number of transmissions being a member of a predetermined increasing sequence or at the end of power control

For example, as shown in fig. 8, at time t =0, TX _l At an initial power p _l (0) Is performed to RX _l Is transmitted, and RX _l Measured in p _l (0) Reception quality of performed transmission, such as SINR _l (0) And p is _l (1) Feedback to TX _l And from p based on formula (5) _l (0) And SINR _l (0) In operation 702, p is determined _l (1) (ii) a At time t =1 after time t =0, TX _l To be transmitted by RX _l Power p notified at time t =0 _l (1) Perform to RX _l And RX _l Measured in p _l (1) Reception quality of the transmission carried out, e.g. SINR _l (1) And p is _l (2) Feedback to TX _l ，p _l (2) From p based on equation (5) _l (1) And SINR _l (1) Determined in operation 702, and so on.

As shown in fig. 8, in the example process 700, at time T = T _trans -1, wherein T _trans Is a member of a predetermined increasing sequence, TX _l To be transmitted by RX _l At time T = T _trans -power p notified at 2 _l (T _trans -1) to RX _l The emission of (1); and RX _l P for measurement _l (T _trans -1) reception quality of the transmission performed, such as SINR _l (T _trans -1), perform operation 705 to determine the acceleration power, e.g. based on the above equations (20), (21), (22)

Etc., and the determined acceleration power->

Feedback to TX _l . At time T = T _trans TX (micro power amplifier) _l May be transmitted by RX _l At time T _trans-1 At the notified acceleration power->

To perform to RX _l Is transmitted.

As shown in fig. 8, at time T _trans And such as T _trans+1 Subsequent Time of (TX) _l Acceleration power may be used

Is performed to RX _l Is transmitted. Thus, in an example, the example process 700 may be at T = T _rans-1 After performing operation 706. In another example, by RX _l From T = T _trans The power notified in the past can be TX _l Are ignored.

Fig. 7 illustrates another example process 900 of distributed packed power control in an embodiment, its RX in network 100 _l Is executed.

Several operations in the example process 900 are substantially the same as some operations in the example process 700 and are therefore denoted by corresponding reference numerals in fig. 7, the details of which are not repeated. Differences between the example process 900 and the example process 700 include that, in the example process 900, in operation 901, it may be determined whether T +1 has reached a predetermined restart period or is T _restart The restart window is more than or equal to 2. In response to t +1=T _restart Operations 705 and 706 are performed and the power control process will restart after time t by updating or resetting t to 0 in operation 902 and returning to operation 701, otherwise

operations

707 and 708 are performed.

For example, as shown in fig. 10, at time t =0, TX _l At an initial power p _l (0) Is performed to RX _l Is transmitted, and RX _l Measured with p _l (0) Reception quality of performed transmission, such as SINR _l (0) And p is _l (1) Feedback to TX _l ，p _l (1) Is based on the formula (5) from p _l (0) And SINR _l (0) Determined in operation 702; at time t =Time t =1,tx after 0 _l To be transmitted by RX _l Power p notified at time t =0 _l (1) Is performed to RX _l Is transmitted, and RX _l P for measurement _l (1) Reception quality of the transmission carried out, e.g. SINR _l (1) And p is _l (2) Feedback to TX _l ，p _l (2) In operation 702, p is determined based on formula (5) _l (1) And SINR _l (1) Determine, etc.

As shown in fig. 10, in the current cycle starting at T =0, T is selected _restart As a restart period. Then, at time T = T _restart-1 TX (micro power amplifier) _l To be transmitted by RX _l At time T = T _restart -power p notified at 2 _l (T _restart -1) to RX _l Is transmitted, and RX _l Measured with p _l (T _restart -1) reception quality of the transmission performed, such as SINR _l (T _restart -1), an operation 705 is performed to determine the acceleration power, e.g. based on the above equations (20), (21), (22), etc

And will determine the acceleration power

Feedback to TX _l . Then, at time T _restart -1 restart time after T = T _restart ＝0'，TX _l With accelerating power

Is performed to RX _l Is transmitted, and RX _l Measured to->

Reception quality of performed transmission, such as SINR _l (0'), and mixing p _l (1') feedback to TX _l In operation 702, p _l (1') from p based on the formula (5) _l (0') and SINR _l (0') is determined. Then, at time t =1' after restart, TX _l To be transmitted by RX _l At time t =0Known power p _l (1') performing an RX-scan _l Etc.

Thus, can be in RX _l In a mobile station, and as described above with respect to TX _l One or more features/aspects described for the restart mechanism implemented in (e) may also be applied or combined in RX _l In the restart mechanism implemented in (1). For example, for the check in operation 901, it may be RX _l One or more integers (e.g., an increasing sequence of one or more integers) are configured, wherein a smallest integer of the one or more integers can be greater than 2 and a difference between any two integers of the one or more integers can be greater than 2. For example, the one or more integers may comprise a single integer of value greater than 2. For example, different restart periods may be employed for different target SINRs. Further, for example, the restart period may be different for different cycles of the example process 900. Further, for example, one or more integers may be used in network 100 such as RX and RX _l+1 May be common such that restart power control in the one or more receivers sharing the same physical channel may be synchronized.

Fig. 11 illustrates another example process 1100 of distributed packed power control in an embodiment, its RX in network 100 _l Is executed.

As shown in fig. 11, the example process 1100 may include one or more of the operations of the example processes described above, such as

operations

701, 902, 702, 703, 705, 706, 707, and 708. Unlike example processes 700 and 900, in example process 1100, t is determined by operation 1101 after operation 703>0 is performed for determination

Operation 705, then operation 1102 is included for checking @>

Example process 1100 of whether a predetermined convergence condition is satisfied or whether t +1 is a member of a predetermined sequence of increments of integers. If the check in operation 1102 returnsIf yes, then operation 706 may be performed, otherwise operation 707 may be performed. For example, the implementation of operation 1102 may be similar to operation 602, and is not described herein again.

It should be understood that the distributed packed power control that may be performed in the RX of the network 100 is not limited to the above example. One or more examples may be combined, and/or one or more features/operations/aspects may be modified, added, or deleted in another example, which may be similar to TX in network 100 _l The details of distributed compact power control of (a) are not repeated.

It is to be understood that the present application is not limited to the above-described examples, and one or more modifications and/or variations may be made based on the above-described examples. For example, one or more operations, orders of operations, implementations, features, or aspects may be added, deleted, modified based on the above examples.

FIG. 12 illustrates an example method 1200 for controlling power in one embodiment, which may be, for example, TX in network 100 ₁ 101、TX ₂ 103、TX ₃ 105、……、TX _L 107, etc. in the transmitter of one or more of the following. Examples of implementations of the example method 1200 may include, but are not limited to, the example processes 200, 400, 600, 800, etc., described above.

As shown in fig. 12, example method 1200 may include: an operation 1201 of determining a next power based on a current power for performing a current transmission to the receiver and a quality of the current transmission, an operation 1202 of determining an accelerating power based on the current power, the next power and a previous power for performing a previous transmission to the receiver, and an operation 1203 of performing the next transmission to the receiver using the next power or the accelerating power.

For example, in operation 1201, the transmitter TX _l Can be selected from RX _l Receiving SINR _l (t) and may be based, for example, on

From the current time t to the receiver RX _l Current power p of the current transmission _l (t) determining the next power p _l (t + 1). Then theIn operation 1202, the transmitter TX _l May be based on the next power p _l (t + 1), current power p _l (t) and for performing to the receiver RX at the previous time t-1 _l Previous power p of previous transmission _l (t-1) to determine an acceleration power->

Then, in operation 1202, the transmitter TX _l The next power p may be used at the next time t +1 _l (t + 1) or acceleration power->

To the receiver RX _l The next transmission of (2).

In some embodiments, the accelerating power may depend on a weighted sum of the next power and the current power, wherein a ratio of a first weight of the next power to a second weight of the current power may correspond to a ratio of a difference between the current power and a previous power and a difference between the current power and the next power, and a sum of the first weight and the second weight may be 1.

In some embodiments, the next transmission may be performed at the accelerated power in at least one of a case where the accelerated power satisfies a predetermined convergence condition or a case where the number of transmissions reaches at least one predetermined number greater than 2.

In some embodiments, the at least one predetermined number may be common to more than one transmitter sharing a common physical channel, such that a synchronization procedure of updating transmit power with accelerated power may be allowed for transmitters sharing a common physical channel.

In some embodiments, other reception qualities (e.g., signal-to-noise ratio or SNR, etc.) of the current transmission may be measured and used in operation 1201 in addition to SINR.

FIG. 13 illustrates an example apparatus 1300 for controlling power in an embodiment, which may, for exampleIs a TX in network 100 ₁ 101、TX ₂ 103、TX ₃ 105、...、TX _L 107, etc.

As shown in fig. 13, the example apparatus 1300 may include at least one processor 1301 and at least one memory 1302, the memory 1302 may include computer program code 1303. The at least one memory 1302 and the computer program code 1303 may be configured to, with the at least one processor 1301, cause the apparatus 1300 at least to perform operations of at least the example method 1200 described above.

In various embodiments, the at least one processor 1301 in the example apparatus 1300 may include, but is not limited to, at least one hardware processor including at least one microprocessor such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a portion of at least one hardware processor, and any other suitable special purpose processor such as a processor developed based on, for example, field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) and Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs). Furthermore, the at least one processor 1301 may also include at least one other circuit or element not shown in fig. 13.

In various embodiments, the at least one memory 1302 in the example apparatus 1300 may include various forms of at least one storage medium, such as volatile memory and/or non-volatile memory. Volatile memory can include, but is not limited to, random Access Memory (RAM), cache memory, and the like. Non-volatile memory may include, but is not limited to, for example, read Only Memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, and the like. Furthermore, at least memory 1302 may include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination thereof.

Moreover, in various embodiments, the example apparatus 1300 may also include at least one other circuit, element, and interface (e.g., at least one I/O interface), at least one antenna element, and/or the like.

In various embodiments, the circuits, components, elements, and interfaces in the example apparatus 1300, including the at least one processor 1201 and the at least one memory 1302, may be coupled together in any suitable manner (e.g., electrically, magnetically, optically, electromagnetically, etc.) via any suitable connections, including but not limited to buses, cross-connects, wiring, and/or wireless lines.

FIG. 14 illustrates an example device 1400 for controlling power in an embodiment, which may be, for example, a TX in network 100 ₁ 101、TX ₂ 103、TX ₃ 105、...、TX _L 107, etc.

As shown in fig. 14, the example apparatus 1400 may include means for performing the operations of the example method 1300 described above in various embodiments. For example, the apparatus 1400 may include means 1401 for performing the operations 1201 of the example method 1200, means 1402 for performing the operations 1202 of the example method 1200, and means 1403 for performing the operations 1203 of the example method 1200. In one or more further embodiments, at least one I/O interface, at least one antenna element, etc. may also be included in the example device 1400.

In some embodiments, an example of an apparatus in device 1400 may comprise a circuit. For example, an example of apparatus 1401 may include circuitry configured to perform operation 1201 of example method 1200, an example of apparatus 1402 may include circuitry configured to perform operation 1202 of example method 1200, and an example of apparatus 1403 may include circuitry configured to perform operation 1203 of example method 1200. In some embodiments, examples of the apparatus may also include software modules and any other suitable functional entities.

The term "circuitry" throughout this application may refer to one or more or all of the following: (a) Hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and/or digital circuitry); (b) A combination of hardware circuitry and software, e.g. (as applicable); (i) A combination of analog and/or digital hardware circuitry and software/firmware; and (ii) any portion of a hardware processor and software (including a digital signal processor), software, and memory that work together to cause a device such as a mobile phone or server to perform various functions); and (c) hardware circuitry and/or a processor, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but which may not be present when operation is not required. This definition of circuitry applies to one or all uses of that term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term "circuitry" also encompasses an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or a hardware circuit or processor and a portion of its (or their) accompanying software and/or firmware. For example and where applicable to the claim elements, the term circuitry also encompasses baseband or processor integrated circuits for mobile devices, or similar integrated circuits in servers, cellular network devices, or other computing or network devices.

Fig. 15 illustrates an example method 1500 for controlling power in an embodiment, which may be, for example, an RX such as in network 100 ₁ 102、RX ₂ 104、RX ₃ 106、...、RX _L 108, etc. in one or more receivers. Implementation examples of the example method 1500 may include, but are not limited to, the example processes 700, 900, 1100, etc., described above.

As shown in fig. 15, an example method 1500 may include: an operation 1501 of determining a next power based on a current power of a current transmission from the transmitter and a quality of the current transmission, an operation 1502 of determining an accelerating power based on the current power, the next power, and a previous power of a previous transmission from the transmitter, and an operation 1503 of informing the transmitter of the next power or the accelerating power.

For example, in operation 1501, receiver RX _l The use of the current power p at the current time t may be received _l (t) from the transmitter TX _l Transmitted data, measuring SINR _l (t) and based on

From measured SINR _l (t) and the current power p _l (t) to determine the next power p _l (t + 1). Then, in operation 1502, the receiver RX _l May be based on the next power p _l (t + 1), current power p _l (t) and transmitter TX _l To the receiver RX at the previous time t-1 _l Previous power p of previous transmission _l (t-1) to determine an acceleration power->

Then, in operation 1503, the receiver RX _l May transmit to a transmitter TX _l Informing or transmitting about the next power p _l (t + 1) or acceleration power->

Of the transmitter TX _l Can be used at the current time t from the RX _l The signaled power is performed to the receiver RX at the next time t +1 _l The next transmission of (2).

In some embodiments, the acceleration power may depend on a weighted sum of the next power and the current power, wherein a ratio of a first weight of the next power to a second weight of the current power may correspond to a ratio of a difference between the current power and a previous power and a difference between the current power and the next power, and a sum of the first weight and the second weight may be 1.

In some embodiments, the transmitter may be notified of the acceleration power in at least one of a case where the acceleration power satisfies a predetermined convergence condition or a case where the number of transmissions reaches at least one predetermined number greater than 2.

In some embodiments, the at least one predetermined number may be common to more than one receiver sharing a common physical channel, such that a synchronization procedure of updating the transmit power with the accelerated power may be allowed for the receivers sharing the common physical channel.

In some embodiments, other reception qualities (e.g., signal-to-noise ratio or SNR, etc.) of the current transmission may be measured and used in operation 1501 in addition to SINR.

Fig. 16 illustrates an example apparatus 1600 for controlling power in an embodiment, which may be, for example, an RX in network 100 ₁ 102、RX ₂ 104、RX ₃ 106、...、RX _L 108, etc.

As shown in fig. 16, an example apparatus 1600 may include at least one processor 1601 and at least one memory 1602, where the memory 1602 may include computer program code 1603. The at least one memory 1602 and the computer program code 1603 may be configured to, with the at least one processor 1601, cause the apparatus 1600 at least to perform at least the operations of the example method 1500 described above.

In various embodiments, the at least one processor 1601 in the example apparatus 1300 may include, but is not limited to, at least one hardware processor including at least one microprocessor such as a CPU, a portion of at least one hardware processor, and any other suitable special purpose processor such as a processor developed based on FPGAs and ASICs. In addition, the at least one processor 1601 may also include at least one other circuit or element not shown in fig. 16.

In various embodiments, the at least one memory 1602 in the example apparatus 1600 may include various forms of at least one storage medium, such as volatile memory and/or non-volatile memory. Volatile memory can include, but is not limited to, for example, RAM, cache, and the like. The non-volatile memory may include, but is not limited to, for example, ROM, hard disk, flash memory, etc. Further, at least the memory 1602 can include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination of the foregoing.

Moreover, in various embodiments, the example apparatus 1600 may also include at least one other circuit, element, and interface (e.g., at least one I/O interface), at least one antenna element, and/or the like.

In various embodiments, the circuits, components, elements, and interfaces in the example apparatus 1600, including the at least one processor 1601 and the at least one memory 1602, may be coupled together in any suitable manner (e.g., electrically, magnetically, optically, electromagnetically, etc.) via any suitable connection, including but not limited to a bus, a crossbar, wiring, and/or wireless links.

FIG. 17 illustrates an embodiment for controllingExample device 1700 for power generation, which may be, for example, an RX in network 100 ₁ 102、RX ₂ 104、RX ₃ 106、...、RX _L 108, etc.

As shown in fig. 17, the example apparatus 1700 may include means for performing the operations of the example method 1500 described above in various embodiments. For example, the apparatus 1700 may include an apparatus 1701 to perform the operations 1501 of the example method 1500, an apparatus 1702 to perform the operations 1502 of the example method 1500, and an apparatus 1703 to perform the operations 1503 of the example method 1500. In one or more further embodiments, at least one I/O interface, at least one antenna element, etc. may also be included in the example device 1700.

In some embodiments, an example of an apparatus in device 1700 may include circuitry. For example, an example of the apparatus 1701 may include circuitry configured to perform the operation 1501 of the example method 1500, an example of the apparatus 1702 may include circuitry configured to perform the operation 1502 of the example method 1500, and an example of the apparatus 1703 may include circuitry configured to perform the operation 1503 of the example method 1500. In some embodiments, examples of the apparatus may also include software modules and any other suitable functional entities.

In another embodiment, the method is implemented for use in, e.g., RX _l In the case of a solution for distributed compact power control in a receiver, a transmitter, such as TX, in communication with the receiver, corresponding to operation 1503 performed by the receiver _l It may be configured to receive the next power notified by the receiver and perform the next transmission to the receiver at the notified power. In some embodiments, such as TX _l The transmitter of (a) may comprise means, such as one or more circuits or one or more processors, for receiving the power signalled by the receiver.

Another example embodiment may relate to computer program code or instructions which may cause an apparatus to perform at least the respective methods described above. Another example embodiment may be directed to a computer-readable medium having such computer program code or instructions stored thereon. In some embodiments, such computer-readable media may include various forms of at least one storage medium, such as volatile memory and/or non-volatile memory. Volatile memory can include, but is not limited to, for example, RAM, cache, and the like. The non-volatile memory may include, but is not limited to, ROM, hard disk, flash memory, etc. Non-volatile memory can also include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination of the foregoing.

One or more non-limiting examples and aspects of the solution for distributed packed power control of the present application have been described above that provide a faster approximation to an optimal power solution. The compaction process models a faster iteration based on a compaction matrix with eigenvalues identical to the original interference matrix, except that the principal eigenvalues in the original matrix are replaced by zeros in the compaction matrix. Thus, the convergence rate of the accelerated power control is determined by the secondary eigenvalue with the second largest modulus, rather than the primary eigenvalue with the largest modulus, resulting in a significant gain in convergence rate, which is expected to provide fast and accurate tracking capability for time-varying wireless channels. Furthermore, the solution of the present application modifies the original interference matrix using a rank-one matrix designed to simplify the distributed implementation. Thus, the distributed compaction scheme solution of the present application can be implemented in an elegant manner. The solution of the present application can be implemented based on local historical observations of transmit power without the additional cost of measurement and information exchange across distributed links.

For performance evaluation, a wireless network comprising 5 concurrent links was simulated, where all links shared the same target SINR. Simulations were performed for a given channel gain matrix as listed in table 1 above, and in an embodiment, a conventional SINR-tracking power control scheme based on the fosschini-Miljanic algorithm (herein abbreviated as "FM") was compared to a distributed compact power control scheme (herein abbreviated as "DDPC") for performance for normalized absolute error for different target SINRs, respectively.

Fig. 18 illustrates a performance comparison in the case of DDPC with a target SINR of 10dB without a restart mechanism, and fig. 19 illustrates DDPC with a target SINR of 12.5dB without a restart mechanismPerformance comparison in case of restart mechanism. As can be seen from fig. 18 and 19, DDPC can significantly reduce the residual by several orders of magnitude at the same number of iterations. The gain in convergence rate can translate into gains in power savings, time savings, and signaling reduction, with the potential to provide fast and accurate tracking capabilities for time-varying wireless environments. For less than 10 in the case of a target SINR of 10dB ^-5 Can achieve a reduction in iteration time of at least 37.5%. With p _A The gain becomes more pronounced as it increases and approaches 1. For a target SINR of 12.5dB, for less than 10 ^-5 A reduction of at least 66% in iteration time can be achieved.

Fig. 20 illustrates a performance comparison in the case of a DDPC with a target SINR of 10dB and a restart period of 20, and fig. 21 illustrates a performance comparison in the case of a DDPC with a target SINR of 12.5dB and a restart period of 40. As can be seen from fig. 20 and 21, DDPC can significantly reduce residual errors.

In different embodiments, the receivers and transmitters herein may comprise any suitable devices that may communicate based on any suitable communication standard, such as new air interface (NR), long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-advanced (LTE-a), wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), high Speed Packet Access (HSPA), narrowband internet of things (NB-IoT), and so on. Examples of receivers and/or transmitters may include, but are not limited to, network devices such as Base Stations (BSs) or Access Points (APs), e.g., node BS (NodeB or NB), evolved node BS (eNodeB or eNB), NR NBs (also known as gnbs), remote Radio Units (RRUs), radio Heads (RH), remote Radio Heads (RRHs), relay, integrated and Access Backhaul (IAB) nodes, low power nodes (such as femto, pico), non-terrestrial network (NTN) or non-terrestrial network devices (such as satellite network devices, low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, and Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites), aircraft network devices; or a communication device, user Equipment (UE), subscriber Station (SS), portable subscriber station, mobile Station (MS), or Access Terminal (AT), such as a mobile phone, cellular phone, smart phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phone, wireless local loop phone, tablet, wearable terminal, personal Digital Assistant (PDA), portable computer, desktop computer, image capture terminal such as a digital video camera, game terminal, music storage and playback, in-vehicle wireless terminal, wireless endpoint, mobile station, laptop Embedded Equipment (LEE), laptop Mounted Equipment (LME), USB dongle, smart device, wireless user equipment (CPE), internet of things (loT) device, watch or other wearable device, head Mounted Display (HMD), vehicle, drone, medical device and application (e.g., tele-surgery), industrial device and application (e.g., robot and/or other wireless device operating in an industrial and/or automated processing chain scenario), consumer electronics, equipment operating on a commercial and/or industrial wireless network, and/or the like.

Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words "comprise", "comprising", and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is, in the sense of "including, but not limited to". The term "coupled," as generally used herein, refers to two or more elements that may be connected directly or through one or more intermediate elements. Likewise, the term "connected," as generally used herein, refers to two or more elements that may be connected directly or through one or more intermediate elements. Additionally, the words "herein," "above," "below," and words of similar import, when used in this application, shall refer to this application as a whole and not to any particular portions of this application. Where the context permits, words in the description using the singular or plural number may also include the plural or singular number respectively. The word "or" refers to a list of two or more items, which word covers all of the following interpretations of the word: all of the items in the list, any of the items in the list, and any combination of the items in the list.

Furthermore, conditional language used herein, such as "may," "can," "for example," "for instance," "such as," and the like, are generally intended to convey that certain embodiments include but other embodiments do not include certain features, elements, and/or states unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood in the context of use. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements, and/or states are in any way required for one or more embodiments or that one or more embodiments necessarily include logic for determining that such features, elements, and/or states are included or are to be performed in any particular example embodiment, with or without author input or prompting.

While some embodiments have been described, these embodiments have been presented by way of example, and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure. Indeed, the apparatus (devices), methods, and systems described herein may be embodied in a variety of other forms. Furthermore, various omissions, substitutions and changes in the form of the methods and systems described herein may be made without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. For example, while blocks are presented in a given arrangement, alternative embodiments may perform similar functions with different components and/or circuit topologies, and some blocks may be deleted, moved, added, subdivided, combined, and/or modified. At least one of these blocks may be implemented in a variety of different ways. The order of these blocks may also be changed. Any suitable combination of the elements and acts of some of the embodiments described above can be combined to provide further embodiments. The accompanying claims and their equivalents are intended to cover such forms or modifications as would fall within the scope and spirit of the application.

Claims

1. A method, comprising:

determining a next power based on a current power used to perform a current transmission to a receiver and a quality of the current transmission;

determining an acceleration power based on the current power, the next power, and a previous power used to perform a previous transmission to the receiver; and

performing a next transmission to the receiver with the next power or the acceleration power.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the acceleration power depends on a weighted sum of the next power and the current power, a ratio of a first weight of the next power to a second weight of the current power corresponds to a ratio of a difference between the current power and the previous power and a difference between the current power and the next power, and the sum of the first weight and the second weight is 1.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the next transmission is performed with the acceleration power in at least one of a case where the acceleration power satisfies a predetermined convergence condition or a case where the number of transmissions reaches at least one predetermined number greater than 2.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the at least one predetermined number is selected from a predetermined increasing sequence of integers, the increment of two consecutive integers in the predetermined increasing sequence being greater than 2.

5. The method of claim 3 or 4, wherein the at least one predetermined number is common to more than one transmitter sharing a common physical channel.

6. The method of any of claims 1-5, wherein the quality of the current transmission comprises at least one of a signal-to-noise ratio or a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio.

7. A method, comprising:

determining a next power based on a current power of a current transmission from a transmitter and a quality of the current transmission;

determining an acceleration power based on the current power, the next power, and a previous power of a previous transmission from the transmitter; and

notifying the transmitter of the next power or the acceleration power.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the acceleration power depends on a weighted sum of the next power and the current power, a ratio of a first weight of the next power to a second weight of the current power corresponds to a ratio of a difference between the current power and the previous power and a difference between the current power and the next power, and the sum of the first weight and the second weight is 1.

9. The method of claim 7 or 8, wherein the acceleration power is notified to the transmitter in at least one of a case where the acceleration power satisfies a predetermined convergence condition or a case where the number of transmissions reaches at least one predetermined number greater than 2.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the at least one predetermined number is selected from a predetermined increasing sequence of integers, an increment of two consecutive integers in the predetermined increasing sequence being greater than 2.

11. The method of claim 9 or 10, wherein the at least one predetermined number is common to more than one receiver sharing a common physical channel.

12. The method of any of claims 7 to 11, wherein the quality of the current reception comprises at least one of a signal-to-noise ratio or a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio.

13. An apparatus, comprising:

at least one processor; and

at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform: determining a next power based on a current power for performing a current transmission to a receiver and a quality of the current transmission; determining an acceleration power based on the current power, the next power, and a previous power for performing a previous transmission to the receiver; and performing a next transmission to the receiver with the next power or the acceleration power.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the acceleration power is dependent on a weighted sum of the next power and the current power, a ratio of a first weight of the next power to a second weight of the current power corresponds to a ratio of a difference between the current power and the previous power and a difference between the current power and the next power, and the sum of the first weight and the second weight is 1.

15. The apparatus of claim 13 or 14, wherein the next transmission is performed at the accelerating power in at least one of a case where the accelerating power satisfies a predetermined convergence condition or a case where a number of transmissions reaches at least one predetermined number greater than 2.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the at least one predetermined number is selected from a predetermined increasing sequence of integers, the increment of two consecutive integers in the predetermined increasing sequence being greater than 2.

17. The apparatus of claim 15 or 16, wherein the at least one predetermined number is common to more than one transmitter sharing a common physical channel.

18. The apparatus of any of claims 13-17, wherein the quality of the current transmission comprises at least one of a signal-to-noise ratio or a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio.

19. An apparatus, comprising:

at least one processor; and

at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform: determining a next power based on a current power of a current transmission from a transmitter and a quality of the current transmission; determining an acceleration power based on the current power, the next power, and a previous power of a previous transmission from the transmitter; and notifying the transmitter of the next power or the acceleration power.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the acceleration power depends on a weighted sum of the next power and the current power, a ratio of a first weight of the next power to a second weight of the current power corresponds to a ratio of a difference between the current power and the previous power and a difference between the current power and the next power, and a sum of the first weight and the second weight is 1.

21. The apparatus of claim 19 or 20, wherein the acceleration power is notified to the transmitter in at least one of a case where the acceleration power satisfies a predetermined convergence condition or a case where a number of transmissions reaches at least one predetermined number greater than 2.

22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the at least one predetermined number is selected from a predetermined increasing sequence of integers, an increment of two consecutive integers in the predetermined increasing sequence being greater than 2.

23. The apparatus of claim 21 or 22, wherein the at least one predetermined number is common to more than one receiver sharing a common physical channel.

24. The apparatus of any of claims 19 to 23, wherein the currently received quality comprises at least one of a signal-to-noise ratio or a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio.

25. An apparatus, comprising:

means for determining a next power based on a current power at which a current transmission to a receiver is performed and a quality of the current transmission;

means for determining an acceleration power based on the current power, the next power, and a previous power to perform a previous transmission to the receiver; and

means for performing a next transmission to the receiver at the next power or the acceleration power.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the acceleration power depends on a weighted sum of the next power and the current power, a ratio of a first weight of the next power to a second weight of the current power corresponds to a ratio of a difference between the current power and the previous power and a difference between the current power and the next power, and the sum of the first weight and the second weight is 1.

27. The apparatus of claim 25 or 26, wherein the next transmission is performed with the acceleration power in at least one of a case where the acceleration power satisfies a predetermined convergence condition or a case where a number of transmissions reaches at least one predetermined number greater than 2.

28. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the at least one predetermined number is selected from a predetermined increasing sequence of integers, the increment of two consecutive integers in the predetermined increasing sequence being greater than 2.

29. The apparatus of claim 27 or 28, wherein the at least one predetermined number is common to more than one transmitter sharing a common physical channel.

30. The apparatus of any of claims 25 to 29, wherein the quality of the current transmission comprises at least one of a signal-to-noise ratio or a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio.

31. An apparatus, comprising:

means for determining a next power based on a current power of a current transmission from a transmitter and a quality of the current transmission;

means for determining an acceleration power based on the current power, the next power, and a previous power of a previous transmission from the transmitter; and

means for notifying a transmitter of the next power or the acceleration power.

32. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the acceleration power is dependent on a weighted sum of the next power and the current power, a ratio of a first weight of the next power to a second weight of the current power corresponds to a ratio of a difference between the current power and the previous power and a difference between the current power and the next power, and the sum of the first weight and the second weight is 1.

33. The apparatus of claim 31 or 32, wherein the acceleration power is notified to the transmitter in at least one of a case where the acceleration power satisfies a predetermined convergence condition or a case where a number of transmissions reaches at least one predetermined number greater than 2.

34. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the at least one predetermined number is selected from a predetermined increasing sequence of integers, the increment of two consecutive integers in the predetermined increasing sequence being greater than 2.

35. The apparatus of claim 33 or 34, wherein the at least one predetermined number is common to more than one receiver sharing a common physical channel.

36. The apparatus of any of claims 31-35, wherein the currently received quality comprises at least one of a signal-to-noise ratio or a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio.

37. A computer-readable medium, comprising: instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus to perform the method of any of claims 1-6.

38. A computer readable medium comprising instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus to perform the method of any of claims 7 to 12.