CN115878731B - Automatic warm front identification method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an automatic warm front identification method, which comprises the following steps: acquiring fine grid wind field and temperature field data, calculating thermal front parameters and temperature advection, and determining a fine grid thermal front area; interpolation is carried out to obtain a coarse grid warm front area, and a warm boundary of the coarse grid warm front area is positioned according to the wind direction; and positioning grid points of the fine grid warm boundary according to the coarse grid warm boundary, and performing polynomial fitting to obtain a warm front. The invention utilizes the identification method suitable for the warm front designed by the heat front parameter and the temperature advection, can effectively improve the accuracy of the warm front identification, reduce the difference of subjective analysis, realize the automatic identification of the warm front, reduce the subjectivity of the manual analysis front and realize the front analysis automation in the service forecast.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automatic identification of weather systems, in particular to a warm front automatic identification method, but not limited to the technical field of automatic identification of weather systems.
Background
The warm front refers to a front with a front surface moving to one side of the cold air mass by the warm air in the moving process. The frontal surface is used as an interface of the cold and hot air mass, the air movement is active near the frontal surface, the air flow is extremely unstable, the air flow has strong lifting movement, and severe weather changes are often caused, so that the air flow is one of important weather systems. Many studies are often focused on cold front activity, but few on warm front are studied, which is the front dominated by the warm and humid air mass, often accompanied by disastrous weather such as continuous precipitation, heavy rain, etc., the importance of which is also not negligible. The frontal analysis plays an important role in weather forecast business, realizes automatic identification of the frontal, and is beneficial to rapid and objective analysis and weather forecast. On a long time scale, the frontal line positioned by unified standards has important significance for meteorological scientific research work.
Because the frontal line is a line without a fixed two-dimensional structure, and the position of the frontal line needs to be positioned by integrating various meteorological elements, the recognition difficulty is higher than that of other weather systems with closed contour lines. The manual analysis of fronts is long in time consumption and high in subjectivity, while some automatic fronts identification algorithms are proposed in some works, the algorithms are not high in identification efficiency on continents, and the same standard is adopted for cold fronts and warm fronts with different properties. Therefore, it is necessary to provide an identification method more suitable for the nature of the front, which helps to improve the accuracy of automatic analysis of the front in the business forecast.
In view of the above, there is a need to provide a new approach in an attempt to solve at least some of the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at one or more problems in the prior art, the invention provides an automatic warm front identification method, which is suitable for warm front identification by utilizing a thermal front parameter and a temperature advection design, can effectively improve the accuracy of warm front identification, reduce the difference of subjective analysis and realize the automation of front analysis in service forecast.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
an automatic warm front identification method comprises the following steps:
s1: obtaining wind field data and temperature field data at 850hPa height, mapping the wind field data and the temperature field data to a fine grid, and performing smoothing treatment on the temperature field data;
s2: positioning a high-altitude frontal area: calculating a thermal front parameter TFP based on the smoothed temperature field data, and calculating a temperature advection based on the wind field data and the smoothed temperature field dataSelecting the materials which simultaneously meet the requirements of |TFP| is less than or equal to 3 multiplied by 10 -11 K/m 2 Andis used as a fine-grid warm front area;
s3: interpolating the fine grid warm front area screened in the step S2 onto a coarse grid, wherein if the proportion of fine grid points belonging to the warm front area in one coarse grid is more than 5%, the coarse grid is the grid point of the warm front area, otherwise, the coarse grid is the grid point of the non-warm front area, and the warm front area under the coarse grid is obtained;
s4: positioning a warm front zone warm boundary under the coarse grid according to the wind direction, and specifically comprising:
s4-1: classifying the grid points of the warm front areas under the coarse grids, judging that the grid points are the grid points in the same warm front area if the grid points are adjacent, otherwise, judging that the grid points are the grid points in different warm front areas;
s4-2: judging the main wind direction in each warm front area: calculating the average wind speed value of the weft wind field and the average wind speed value of the warp wind field of all grid points in the warm front area at corresponding positions, if the average wind speed value of the weft wind field is more than 0, the main weft wind direction in the warm front area is western wind, otherwise, eastern wind; if the average wind speed value of the radial wind field is more than 0, the main radial wind direction in the warm front area is south wind, otherwise, the main radial wind direction is north wind;
s4-3: determining the warm boundary of the warm front according to the main weft direction and the main warp direction in the warm front: if the main latitudinal direction in the warm front area is west wind, selecting the grid point at the most west side of the warm front area as a boundary I, otherwise selecting the grid point at the most east side as the boundary I; if the main warp direction in the warm front area is the south wind, selecting a grid point at the southwest side of the warm front area as a boundary II, otherwise selecting a grid point at the northst side as a boundary II, and combining the boundary I and the boundary II to obtain a warm boundary of the warm front area under a coarse grid;
s5: positioning grid points of a fine grid heating front area within the range of grid points of a coarse grid heating front area, and determining the heating boundary positions and the heating boundary grid points of the corresponding heating front areas under the fine grid according to the heating boundary positions of the coarse grid heating front area;
s6: and (3) performing polynomial fitting on the warm boundary points of each warm front area in the fine grid, wherein each front area corresponds to a smooth warm front line, and the distribution position of the warm front lines is obtained.
Further, according to the automatic warm edge identification method of the present invention, the resolution of the fine mesh in S1 is 0.25 ° x 0.25 °.
Further, in the automatic warm front identification method of the present invention, the calculation formula of the warm front parameter TFP in S2 is:
wherein T is the temperature at a height of 850hPa,for gradient operator->x is the grid point in the weft direction and y is the grid point in the warp direction.
Further, the automatic warm edge identification method of the invention has the advantages that the temperature advection in S2 is realizedThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein,for a vector wind field, T is the temperature at 850hPa, u is the weft wind, v is the warp wind, x is the grid point in the weft direction, and y is the grid point in the warp direction.
Further, according to the automatic warm edge identification method, the resolution of the coarse grid in the step S3 is 2.5 degrees multiplied by 2.5 degrees.
Further, in the automatic warm edge recognition method of the invention, the adjacent lattice points in S4-1 are defined as follows: if one grid point differs from the other by only 0 or 1 accuracy in both the longitudinal and latitudinal directions, each accuracy being 2.5 °, then the two grid points are considered to be adjacent grid points.
Further, in the automatic warm front identification method of the present invention, in S5, the warm boundary azimuth of the warm front area under the fine mesh is the same as the warm boundary azimuth of the warm front area under the coarse mesh, and the warm boundary lattice point of the warm front area under the fine mesh is the warm front area lattice point located at the warm boundary azimuth of the fine mesh.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following technical effects:
the automatic warm front identification method of the invention is used for determining the high-altitude front, determining the warm boundary of the front, determining the design thought of the ground front, referring to the step of manually identifying the front, utilizing the meteorological elements and the parameters of the thermal front to determine the position of the warm front according to a standard more suitable for the warm front, improving the accuracy of automatic warm front identification, realizing the automatic identification of the warm front, reducing the subjectivity of manual analysis of the front to a certain extent and providing reference for a forecaster in weather forecast business work.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and together with the description serve to explain the embodiments of the invention, and do not constitute a limitation of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for automatically identifying a warm front according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of S401 according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of S402 in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of locating a warm front on the European continental Europe at 2018, 11, 3, and 12 according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of determining a warm front under a coarse grid on the European continental Europe at 2018, 11, 3, and 12 in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a warm boundary of a frontal area screened according to wind direction in the frontal area on European sub-continent at 2018, 11, 3 and 12 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of a warm boundary of a fine mesh ground front screened on the European continental Europe at 2018, 11, 3, and 12 according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of a warm front line objectively identified on the European continental at 2018, 11, 3, and 12 in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the present invention, preferred embodiments of the invention are described below in conjunction with the examples, but it should be understood that these descriptions are merely intended to illustrate further features and advantages of the invention, and are not limiting of the claims of the invention.
The description of this section is intended to be illustrative of only exemplary embodiments and is not intended to be limiting of the scope of the embodiments described herein. Combinations of the different embodiments, and alternatives of features from the same or similar prior art means and embodiments are also within the scope of the description and protection of the invention.
Example 1
An automatic warm front identification method, as shown in fig. 1, comprises the following steps:
step S1: downloading ERA-5, analyzing data including wind field uv and temperature field T with 850hPa height, resolving power of 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree, and smoothing the temperature field data.
Step S2: and (5) positioning a high-altitude frontal area. Calculating a thermal front parameter using the smoothed temperature TCalculating temperature advection using uv wind field and smoothed temperature TSelecting the materials which simultaneously meet the requirements of |TFP| is less than or equal to 3 multiplied by 10 -11 K/m 2 And->Is used as a warm front area. As shown in fig. 4, the hatched area represents the screened fine-meshed warm front area.
Step S3: the warm front in the fine grid (0.25 degree x 0.25 degree) is interpolated onto the coarse grid (2.5 degree x 2.5 degree), and if the number of the front points in one coarse grid is less than 5, i.e. the density of the front points in one coarse grid is less than 5%, the front points are ignored under the coarse grid. The resolution of the coarse grid is 2.5 degrees x 2.5 degrees, the resolution of the fine grid is 0.25 degrees x 0.25 degrees, for example, one coarse grid point comprises 100 fine grid points, if the number of fine grid points in the warm front area of one coarse grid is less than 5, namely, the proportion of fine grid points belonging to the warm front area in one coarse grid is less than 5 percent, the coarse grid is not selected as the warm front area grid point; when the proportion of the fine grid points belonging to the warm front area in one coarse grid point is more than 5%, the coarse grid point is considered to belong to the warm front area. As shown in fig. 5, the shadow color is represented by light and dark, and the calculated ratio of the grid points of the fine grid warm front area in the grid points is calculated, wherein more than 5% of the grid points are represented by shadows, namely, the shadow area in the figure is the grid point of the warm front area screened under the coarse grid.
Step S4: and positioning a warm boundary of a lower frontal area of the coarse grid.
Step S401: and classifying the grid points of the frontal area under the coarse grid, judging that the grid points are grid points in the same frontal area if the grid points are adjacent to the grid points, otherwise, judging that the grid points are grid points in different frontal areas, wherein the specific steps are shown in fig. 2. Wherein, definition of lattice point adjacency is: if one lattice point differs from the other by only 0 or 1 accuracy (2.5 °) in both the longitudinal and latitudinal directions, then the two lattice points are considered to be adjacent. As shown in fig. 6, the lattice points belonging to the same front are outlined in the figure with the same dashed boxes and are represented in the same gray scale.
Step S402: after the classification of the grid points of the frontal area is completed, judging the main wind direction in each frontal area, calculating the average u and v wind fields of all grid points in the frontal area at the corresponding positions, and screening out the warm boundary corresponding to the frontal area according to the average wind fields, wherein the specific steps are shown in figure 3. For example, southwest wind (u wind field average >0, v wind field average > 0) is mainly blown into the frontal area, and the warm boundary of the warm frontal area should be at southwest side, i.e. the grid points of the southwest side and the south side of the frontal area are selected as the warm boundary of the frontal area. Also as shown in fig. 6, in the same dashed box, darker colored warm boundaries are selected, such as those between (10 ° -30°n,30 ° -60°e), and the main wind direction in the front is calculated as southeast wind, then the corresponding easiest and south grid points are warm boundary grid points (represented by darker shading than the front grid points) of the front.
Step S5: and screening out grid points of the fine grid front region, which are positioned in the range of the warm boundary grid points of the coarse grid front region. And further screening out the warm boundary under the fine grid according to the direction of the warm boundary of the frontal area of the coarse grid. Similar to step S4, if the coarse grid lower front warm boundary is southwest, the fine grid front warm boundary is positioned on the grid points on the west and south sides. As shown in fig. 7, the location of the front warm boundary in fig. 6 is combined with the fine grid front in fig. 4, and the front warm boundary between (10 ° -30 ° N,30 ° -60 ° E) in fig. 4 is taken as an example, and the fine grid front lattice points within the range of the warm boundary lattice points are selected, further, because the corresponding direction of the warm boundary is the southeast direction, the easiest and southwest lattice points are also selected as the front warm boundary under the fine grid on the fine grid front lattice points, which is shown by the black bold line in fig. 7. It can be seen that the warm boundary lattice points of the fronts under the fine mesh are distributed to exhibit a characteristic similar to linearity.
Step S6: and (3) performing polynomial fitting on the warm boundary lattice points of each frontal area in the fine lattice, wherein one frontal area corresponds to one smooth warm front, deleting the front with too small length, and obtaining the distribution position of the warm front. As shown in FIG. 8, the gray contour lines represent the sea level air pressure field (unit: hPa), and the black short solid lines represent the identified warm front positions, which have a good match with the sea level air pressure field.
According to the automatic warm front identification method, the manual front identification step is referred, the position of the warm front is automatically determined by utilizing the meteorological elements and the thermal front parameters, the accuracy of automatic warm front identification can be improved, automatic warm front identification is realized, subjectivity of manual analysis front is reduced to a certain extent, and references are provided for a forecaster in weather forecast business work.
The description and applications of the present invention herein are illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention to the embodiments described above. The relevant descriptions of effects, advantages and the like in the description may not be presented in practical experimental examples due to uncertainty of specific condition parameters or influence of other factors, and the relevant descriptions of effects, advantages and the like are not used for limiting the scope of the invention. Variations and modifications of the embodiments disclosed herein are possible, and alternatives and equivalents of the various components of the embodiments are known to those of ordinary skill in the art. It will be clear to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be embodied in other forms, structures, arrangements, proportions, and with other assemblies, materials, and components, without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. Other variations and modifications of the embodiments disclosed herein may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. An automatic warm front identification method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: obtaining wind field data and temperature field data at 850hPa height, mapping the wind field data and the temperature field data to a fine grid, and performing smoothing treatment on the temperature field data;
s2: positioning a high-altitude frontal area: calculating a thermal front parameter TFP based on the smoothed temperature field data, and calculating a temperature advection based on the wind field data and the smoothed temperature field dataSelecting the materials to meet the requirements of |TFP| is more than or equal to 3 multiplied by 10 -11 K/m 2 Andis used as a fine-grid warm front area;
s3: interpolating the fine grid warm front area screened in the step S2 onto a coarse grid, wherein if the proportion of fine grid points belonging to the warm front area in one coarse grid is more than 5%, the coarse grid is the grid point of the warm front area, otherwise, the coarse grid is the grid point of the non-warm front area, and the warm front area under the coarse grid is obtained;
s4: positioning a warm front zone warm boundary under the coarse grid according to the wind direction, and specifically comprising:
s4-1: classifying the grid points of the warm front areas under the coarse grids, judging that the grid points are the grid points in the same warm front area if the grid points are adjacent, otherwise, judging that the grid points are the grid points in different warm front areas;
s4-2: judging the main wind direction in each warm front area: calculating the average wind speed value of the weft wind field and the average wind speed value of the warp wind field of all grid points in the warm front area at corresponding positions, if the average wind speed value of the weft wind field is more than 0, the main weft wind direction in the warm front area is western wind, otherwise, eastern wind; if the average wind speed value of the radial wind field is more than 0, the main radial wind direction in the warm front area is south wind, otherwise, the main radial wind direction is north wind;
s4-3: determining the warm boundary of the warm front according to the main weft direction and the main warp direction in the warm front: if the main latitudinal direction in the warm front area is west wind, selecting the grid point at the most west side of the warm front area as a boundary I, otherwise selecting the grid point at the most east side as the boundary I; if the main warp direction in the warm front area is the south wind, selecting a grid point at the southwest side of the warm front area as a boundary II, otherwise selecting a grid point at the northst side as a boundary II, and combining the boundary I and the boundary II to obtain a warm boundary of the warm front area under a coarse grid;
s5: positioning fine grid warm front zone grid points belonging to the range of the coarse grid warm front zone boundary grid points in the fine grid warm front zone, wherein the warm boundary positions of the fine grid lower warm front zone and the warm boundary positions of the coarse grid lower corresponding warm front zone are the same, the warm boundary grid points of the fine grid lower warm front zone are warm front zone grid points positioned at the fine grid warm boundary positions, and determining the warm boundary positions and the warm boundary grid points of the fine grid lower corresponding warm front zone according to the warm boundary positions of the coarse grid warm front zone;
s6: and (3) performing polynomial fitting on warm boundary lattice points of each warm front area in the fine lattice, wherein each front area corresponds to a smooth warm front line, and thus the distribution position of the warm front line is obtained.
2. The automatic warm front identification method according to claim 1, wherein the resolution of the fine mesh in S1 is 0.25 ° x 0.25 °.
3. The automatic warm front identification method according to claim 1, wherein the calculation formula of the warm front parameter TFP in S2 is:
wherein T is the temperature at a height of 850hPa,for gradient operator->x is the grid point in the weft direction and y is the grid point in the warp direction.
4. The automatic warm front identification method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature in S2 is advectionThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein,for a vector wind field, T is the temperature at 850hPa, u is the weft wind, v is the warp wind, x is the grid point in the weft direction, and y is the grid point in the warp direction.
5. The automatic warm front identification method according to claim 1, wherein the resolution of the coarse mesh in S3 is 2.5 ° x 2.5 °.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the lattice point adjacency in S4-1 is defined as: if one grid point differs from the other by only 0 or 1 accuracy in both the longitudinal and latitudinal directions, each accuracy being 2.5 °, then the two grid points are considered to be adjacent grid points.
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| CN116933014B (en) * | 2023-09-14 | 2023-11-28 | 成都信息工程大学 | Automatic identification method for dry type Kunming quasi-static front |
| CN117853949B (en) * | 2024-03-07 | 2024-05-14 | 南京信息工程大学 | Deep learning method and system for identifying cold front by using satellite cloud image |
| CN117872508A (en) * | 2024-03-13 | 2024-04-12 | 南京信息工程大学 | Automatic tracking method for cold front path in European and Asian area |
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