CN115822532A - Method, device, equipment and medium for determining minimum miscible pressure of carbon dioxide-crude oil - Google Patents
Method, device, equipment and medium for determining minimum miscible pressure of carbon dioxide-crude oil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method, a device, equipment and a medium for determining the minimum miscible pressure of carbon dioxide-crude oil, which find the state transition point of the medium in a miscible state and an immiscible state by utilizing different propagation characteristics of sound waves in a miscible medium and an immiscible medium, thereby establishing the relation between the sound waves and the pressure, finding a path for determining the minimum miscible pressure of the carbon dioxide and the crude oil, and solving the technical problem in the field from a new angle. The data obtained by the method of the invention is accurate, and the error range is only 1% -2% by comparing with the actual minimum miscible phase pressure, thereby greatly improving the precision. Meanwhile, the method, the device, the equipment and the medium can be popularized and applied to determination of miscible pressure of different media.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oilfield analysis, in particular to a method, a device, equipment and a medium for determining the minimum miscible pressure of carbon dioxide-crude oil.
Background
The carbon dioxide flooding technology has become an important method for improving the recovery ratio of the low-permeability reservoir due to the characteristics of high injectability, obvious oil increasing effect, cyclic utilization and the like. According to the oil displacement mechanism, the technology is divided into carbon dioxide miscible flooding and immiscible flooding technologies.
In the prior art, when the minimum miscible pressure is determined, the common devices and methods for the minimum miscible pressure are a tubule experiment method, a bubble rising instrument method, an interfacial tension disappearance method and the like. In the thin tube experiment method, although the porous medium of the reservoir is simulated by filling glass beads or quartz sand in a long thin tube, the size of the porous medium of the thin tube is not consistent with that of an actual oil reservoir due to the fact that a cementing agent is not used in the filling process, and therefore the simulation is inaccurate. For example, refer to the micro-nano confined space crude oil-natural gas minimum miscible pressure prediction method [1]. In the test process of the bubble rising instrument method and the interfacial tension method, the mixed phase generating positions are respectively arranged in a glass tubule and a hanging drop kettle, so the porous medium factors are not considered in the two methods. For example, refer to Minimum sensitivity pressure determination in defined nanoporosion size distribution of light/shell formats [2], while porous media size has a large effect on the miscible pressure of carbon dioxide and crude oil, so that the miscible pressure measured by the existing method has a large error compared with the actual Minimum miscible pressure, and the error range exceeds 15%. Therefore, there is a need to find a new method that can accurately determine the minimum miscible pressure.
Reference documents:
[1] wei soldiers, simmons glumes, zhao jin Zhou, and the like, a micro-nano confined space crude oil-natural gas minimum miscible pressure prediction method [ J ] Petroleum institute, 2022,9 (05): 1-10.;
[2]Sun H,Li H.Minimum miscibility pressure determination in confined nanopores considering pore size distribution of tight/shale formations[J].Fuel,2021,286:119-128.。
disclosure of Invention
According to the proposal, only relevant factors influencing the miscible pressure such as gas impurities, reservoir temperature, crude oil components and the like are considered, and the technical problem of the application of the carbon dioxide flooding technology in the shale reservoir is not considered, so that the method, the device, the equipment and the medium for determining the minimum miscible pressure of the carbon dioxide-crude oil are provided.
The technical means adopted by the invention are as follows:
a method of determining a carbon dioxide-crude oil minimum miscible pressure, the method comprising:
firstly, manufacturing a plurality of standby core models according to physical property parameters of a target reservoir to be detected; placing any one of the standby core models into a core holder;
secondly, respectively implanting an inlet end piezoelectric transducer and an outlet end piezoelectric transducer at the centers of the left end surface and the right end surface of the core model placed in the core holder; the inlet end piezoelectric transducer is used for transmitting a sound wave signal, and the outlet end piezoelectric transducer is used for receiving the sound wave signal transmitted by the core model placed in the core holder and converting the sound wave signal into a voltage amplitude signal; the average voltage value U of the voltage amplitude signal is collected and recorded through an industrial computer; the average voltage value U represents the difference value of the highest voltage and the lowest voltage in the time period from the beginning of the experiment to the moment that the gas to be measured breaks through the piezoelectric transducer at the outlet end;
thirdly, placing the rock core holder into a carbon dioxide-crude oil displacement detection device, carrying out a displacement experiment from carbon dioxide-crude oil unmiscible to miscible pressure at a first injection end pressure P1, and recording an obtained first voltage amplitude signal U through the industrial computer; then, selecting one of the standby core models to replace the core model in the core holder, gradually increasing the pressure P1 to Pn of an injection end, repeatedly executing the second step to the third step to obtain a series of voltage amplitude signals U1 to Un, and establishing a P-U coordinate system according to the pressure;
the fourth step, define Qn = (Un) +1 -Un)/Un is a voltage change rate, n > 1, calculating the voltage change rate of the series of voltage amplitude signals U1 to Un obtained via the third step item by item, establishing a voltage change rate data set according to the voltage change rate of U1 to Un;
fifthly, when Qn is larger than a first set value, defining the data point in the corresponding P-U coordinate system as a non-miscible data point; when Qn is less than a second set value, the corresponding data point in the P-U coordinate system is defined as a miscible data point; in the present application, the first set value is set to 30% and the second set value is set to 5% as a preferred embodiment, and it is understood that in other embodiments, the first and second set values are determined according to the variation width of Qn.
Sixthly, performing data fitting on the unmixed data points and the mixed data points obtained in the fifth step in the P-U coordinate system respectively to obtain two fitting curves; and the P value corresponding to the intersection of the two fitting curves is the minimum miscible pressure of the carbon dioxide and the crude oil.
Further, the data fitting of the sixth step is performed according to the following path:
firstly, respectively fitting a non-miscible data point and a miscible data point for the first time by adopting a y = ax + b function model, wherein if the absolute values of correlation coefficients R of a non-miscible data point curve and a miscible data point curve obtained after the first fitting are both greater than 0.9, the data change trend is linear, and the two obtained curves are both effective data fitting curves; if the absolute values of the correlation coefficients R of the unmixed phase data point curve and the mixed phase data point curve obtained after the first fitting are both less than or equal to 0.9, the two obtained curves are both invalid data fitting curves; if only oneIf the absolute value of the correlation coefficient R of the strip fitted curve is less than or equal to 0.9, then y = ax is used for the data points corresponding to the strip fitted curve 2 And fitting the functional model of + bx + c for the second time, wherein the parameters a, b and c in the functional model are obtained by a least square method.
Further, in the third step, the injection end pressures P1 to Pn are increased step by step with the third set value as one step. As a preferred embodiment, the third setting value is set to 5MPa in the present application, but it is understood that the third setting value is determined according to the variation width of Qn in other embodiments.
More further, the invention also comprises a device for determining the minimum miscible pressure of the carbon dioxide-crude oil, which comprises a carbon dioxide-crude oil displacement experiment component, and is characterized in that the device also comprises: the sound wave transmitting unit is used for transmitting sound waves at a displacement fluid inlet of the core model; the sound wave receiving unit is arranged at the displacement fluid outlet of the rock core model and used for receiving sound waves and converting the sound waves into voltage signals to be output; a central control unit having the following functions: the starting voltage signal is used for outputting a starting voltage signal for realizing sound wave emission to the sound wave emission unit; the voltage waveform signal is used for receiving the voltage waveform signal output by the sound wave receiving unit; the voltage waveform signal processing module is used for carrying out data processing on the received voltage waveform signal to obtain an average voltage value U, and generating a P-U coordinate system under the control of a first built-in program after receiving different input displacement pressure values P; the device is used for screening out miscible data points and immiscible data points in the P-U coordinate system under the control of a second built-in program; the device is used for respectively carrying out data fitting on the screened miscible data points and immiscible data points under the control of a third built-in program; and after an effective data fitting curve is obtained, determining the displacement pressure value at the intersection of the two fitting curves.
Further, the acoustic wave emitting unit includes an inlet-end piezoelectric transducer: the inlet end piezoelectric transducer is arranged at the center of one end of a core model in the core holder; the sound wave receiving unit comprises an outlet end piezoelectric transducer; and the outlet end piezoelectric transducer is arranged at the center of the other end of the core model in the core holder and corresponds to the inlet end piezoelectric transducer.
Further, the inlet-side piezoelectric transducer and the outlet-side piezoelectric transducer each include: the piezoelectric transducer comprises a front cover plate, a rear cover plate, piezoelectric ceramics, an insulating layer, a high-strength stress rod, an acoustic matching layer and a pipeline, wherein the rear cover plate is arranged corresponding to the front cover plate and used for isolating external fluid, the piezoelectric ceramics are arranged on two sides of an internal cavity of the piezoelectric transducer and used for connecting an alternating current power supply, the insulating layer is connected with the piezoelectric ceramics, the high-strength stress rod is used for fixing the front cover plate and the rear cover plate and the piezoelectric ceramics, the acoustic matching layer is arranged at one end of the piezoelectric transducer and used for transmitting and absorbing sound waves, and the pipeline is arranged in an annular space between a metal shell of the piezoelectric transducer and the front cover plate and used for injecting fluid; the high-strength stress rod is fixed in the middle of the piezoelectric transducer; the piezoelectric ceramic generates ultrasonic waves due to an inverse piezoelectric effect; the acoustic matching layer at one end of the inlet end piezoelectric transducer and the acoustic matching layer at one end of the outlet end piezoelectric transducer are arranged oppositely.
Still further, the present invention comprises an apparatus for determining minimum miscible pressure of carbon dioxide-crude, said apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to: outputting a starting voltage signal for realizing sound wave emission to the sound wave emission unit; receiving a voltage waveform signal output by the sound wave receiving unit; carrying out data processing on the received voltage waveform signal to obtain an average voltage value U, and generating a P-U coordinate system under the control of a first built-in program after receiving different displacement pressure values P input by an operator; screening out miscible data points and immiscible data points in the P-U coordinate system under the control of a second built-in program; under the control of a third built-in program, respectively performing data fitting on the screened miscible data points and immiscible data points; and after an effective data fitting curve is obtained, determining the displacement pressure value at the intersection of the two fitting curves.
Still further, the present invention includes a medium for determining minimum miscible pressure of carbon dioxide-crude, storing computer-executable instructions configured to: outputting a starting voltage signal for realizing sound wave emission to the sound wave emission unit; receiving a voltage waveform signal output by the sound wave receiving unit; carrying out data processing on the received voltage waveform signal to obtain an average voltage value U, and generating a P-U coordinate system under the control of a first built-in program after receiving different displacement pressure values P input by an operator; screening out miscible data points and immiscible data points in the P-U coordinate system under the control of a second built-in program; under the control of a third built-in program, respectively performing data fitting on the screened miscible data points and immiscible data points; and after an effective data fitting curve is obtained, determining the displacement pressure value at the intersection of the two fitting curves.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention provides a method, a device, equipment and a medium for determining the minimum miscible pressure of carbon dioxide-crude oil, which creatively utilizes different propagation characteristics of sound waves in a miscible medium and an immiscible medium, finds a state transition point of the medium in a miscible state and an immiscible state, establishes a relation between the sound waves and the pressure, finds a path for determining the minimum miscible pressure of the carbon dioxide and the crude oil, and solves the technical problem in the field from a new angle;
2. the data obtained by the method is accurate, and compared with the actual minimum miscible phase pressure, the error range is only 1% -2%, so that the precision is greatly improved;
3. the method, the device, the equipment and the medium can be popularized and applied to the determination of the miscible pressure of different media, such as: injecting flue gas or recovered gas for improving the oil reservoir recovery field, and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall process of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus for measuring the minimum miscible pressure in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the piezoelectric transducer according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the piezoelectric transducer of the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows the inverse piezoelectric effect of the present invention, in which an external electric field is applied to deform the piezoelectric ceramic. Wherein (a) is when no electric field is applied; (b) an external electric field; and (c) applying a reverse electric field.
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a first built-in procedure according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a second exemplary built-in procedure.
FIG. 8 is a flow chart illustrating a third exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the voltage amplitude variation with pressure curve of Liaohe oilfield of the present invention.
The device comprises a pump body, a pump cover, a piston container, a pressure gauge, a core model, a measuring cylinder, a constant temperature box, a cable, a computer, a rear cover plate, a high-strength stress rod, an insulating layer, a piezoelectric ceramic, an acoustic matching layer, an alternating current power supply and a fluid injection pipeline, wherein the pump body is 1, the pump body is 2, the valve body is 3, the pump body is 4, the piston container is 5, the piston container is 6, the pressure gauge is 7, the rubber sleeve is 8, the core model is 9, the piston container is 10, the back pressure valve is 11, the measuring cylinder is 12, the constant temperature box is 13, the cable is 14, the computer is 15, the rear cover plate is 16, the high-strength stress rod is 17, the insulating layer is 18, the piezoelectric ceramic is 19, the acoustic matching layer is 20, the alternating current power supply is 21, and the fluid injection pipeline is 22.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention provides a method for determining minimum miscible pressure of carbon dioxide-crude oil, the method comprising the steps of:
firstly, manufacturing a plurality of standby core models according to physical property parameters of a target reservoir to be detected; and taking any one of the standby core models and placing the standby core model into a core holder. It is understood that, in the present embodiment, the reservoir property parameters to be measured mainly include porosity and permeability. Porosity refers to the percentage of the volume of the pores in the core to the volume of the rock; permeability refers to the ability of fluid to pass through the core. The two parameters are mainly considered for the core used in the displacement experiment.
Secondly, respectively implanting an inlet end piezoelectric transducer and an outlet end piezoelectric transducer at the centers of the left end surface and the right end surface of the core model placed in the core holder, as shown in fig. 3, wherein the inlet end piezoelectric transducer is used for transmitting a sound wave signal, and the outlet end piezoelectric transducer is used for receiving the sound wave signal transmitted by the core model placed in the core holder and converting the sound wave signal into a voltage amplitude signal; the average voltage value U of the voltage amplitude signal is collected and recorded through an industrial computer; the average voltage value U represents the difference value of the highest voltage and the lowest voltage in the time period from the beginning of the experiment to the moment that the gas to be measured breaks through the piezoelectric transducer at the outlet end. It can be understood that, in this application, the starting time of the experiment is denoted as T0, the time when the gas breaks through the piezoelectric transducer at the outlet end is denoted as T1, and then, in the time period from T0 to T1, the highest voltage Umax and the lowest voltage Umin are taken, and then the average voltage value U is expressed as:
U＝Umax-Umin。
thirdly, placing the rock core holder into a carbon dioxide-crude oil displacement detection device, carrying out a displacement experiment from carbon dioxide-crude oil unmiscible to miscible pressure at a first injection end pressure P1, and recording an obtained first voltage amplitude signal U through the industrial computer; and then, selecting one of the standby core models to replace the core model in the core holder, increasing the pressure P1 to Pn of the injection end step by step, repeatedly executing the second step to the third step, obtaining a series of voltage amplitude signals U1 to Un, and establishing a P-U coordinate system according to the pressure. In the application, 5MPa is selected as a stage, and the pressure P1 to Pn of the injection end is increased step by step.
The fourth step, define Qn = (Un) +1 -Un)/Un is the voltage rate of change, n > 1, calculating the voltage rate of change of the series of voltage amplitude signals U1 to Un obtained via the third step item by item, establishing a voltage rate of change data set according to said voltage rate of change of U1 to Un.
Fifthly, when Qn is larger than 30%, defining the data points in the corresponding P-U coordinate system as unmiscible data points; and when Qn is less than 5%, the corresponding data point in the P-U coordinate system is a miscible data point.
Sixthly, performing data fitting on the unmixed data points and the mixed data points obtained in the fifth step in the P-U coordinate system respectively to obtain two fitting curves; and the P value corresponding to the intersection of the two fitting curves is the minimum miscible pressure of the carbon dioxide and the crude oil.
Specifically, in the present application, a y = ax + b function model is first used to perform first fitting on the unmixed phase data point and the mixed phase data point, and if the unmixed phase data point curve and the mixed phase data point curve obtained after the first fitting are absolute coefficients R of correlation coefficients R, the unmixed phase data point curve and the mixed phase data point curve are obtainedIf the values are both greater than 0.9, the data change trend is linear, and the two obtained curves are both effective data fitting curves; if the absolute values of the correlation coefficients R of the unmixed phase data point curve and the mixed phase data point curve obtained after the first fitting are both less than or equal to 0.9, the two obtained curves are both invalid data fitting curves; if the absolute value of the correlation coefficient R of only one fitted curve is less than or equal to 0.9, then for the data point corresponding to that fitted curve y = ax is used 2 And fitting the functional model of + bx + c for the second time, wherein the parameters a, b and c in the functional model are obtained by a least square method.
Example 1
As an example of the present specification, an apparatus for determining minimum miscible pressure of carbon dioxide-crude oil is included herein, including a carbon dioxide-crude oil displacement experiment assembly. Further, the apparatus further comprises: the sound wave transmitting unit is used for transmitting sound waves at a displacement fluid inlet of the core model; the sound wave receiving unit is arranged at the outlet of the displacement fluid of the rock core model and used for receiving sound waves and converting the sound waves into voltage signals to be output; a central control unit having the following functions: the starting voltage signal is used for outputting a starting voltage signal for realizing sound wave emission to the sound wave emission unit; the voltage waveform signal is used for receiving the voltage waveform signal output by the sound wave receiving unit; the voltage waveform signal processing module is used for carrying out data processing on the received voltage waveform signal to obtain an average voltage value U, and generating a P-U coordinate system under the control of a first built-in program after receiving different input displacement pressure values P; the device is used for screening out miscible data points and immiscible data points in the P-U coordinate system under the control of a second built-in program; the device is used for respectively carrying out data fitting on the screened miscible data points and immiscible data points under the control of a third built-in program; and after obtaining the effective data fitting curve, determining the displacement pressure value at the intersection of the two fitting curves.
The sound wave transmitting unit comprises an inlet end piezoelectric transducer: the inlet end piezoelectric transducer is arranged at the center of one end of the core model in the core holder; the sound wave receiving unit comprises an outlet end piezoelectric transducer; and the outlet end piezoelectric transducer is arranged at the center of the other end of the core model in the core holder and corresponds to the inlet end piezoelectric transducer.
The inlet end piezoelectric transducer and the outlet end piezoelectric transducer each include: the piezoelectric transducer comprises a front cover plate, a rear cover plate, piezoelectric ceramics, an insulating layer, a high-strength stress rod, an acoustic matching layer and a pipeline, wherein the rear cover plate is arranged corresponding to the front cover plate and used for isolating external fluid, the piezoelectric ceramics are arranged on two sides of an internal cavity of the piezoelectric transducer and used for connecting an alternating current power supply, the insulating layer is connected with the piezoelectric ceramics, the high-strength stress rod is used for fixing the front cover plate and the rear cover plate and the piezoelectric ceramics, the acoustic matching layer is arranged at one end of the piezoelectric transducer and used for transmitting and absorbing sound waves, and the pipeline is arranged in an annular space between a metal shell of the piezoelectric transducer and the front cover plate and used for injecting fluid; the high-strength stress rod is fixed in the middle of the piezoelectric transducer; the piezoelectric ceramic generates ultrasonic waves due to an inverse piezoelectric effect; the acoustic matching layer at one end of the inlet end piezoelectric transducer and the acoustic matching layer at one end of the outlet end piezoelectric transducer are arranged oppositely.
Example 2
As an example of the present description, an apparatus for determining minimum miscible pressure of carbon dioxide-crude oil, the apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to: outputting a starting voltage signal for realizing sound wave emission to the sound wave emission unit; receiving a voltage waveform signal output by the sound wave receiving unit; carrying out data processing on the received voltage waveform signal to obtain an average voltage value U, and generating a P-U coordinate system under the control of a first built-in program after receiving different displacement pressure values P input by an operator as shown in FIG. 6; under the control of a second built-in program, screening out miscible data points and immiscible data points in the P-U coordinate system as shown in FIG. 7; under the control of a third built-in program, as shown in fig. 8, data fitting is performed on the screened miscible data points and immiscible data points respectively; and after an effective data fitting curve is obtained, determining the displacement pressure value at the intersection of the two fitting curves.
Example 3:
as an example of the present description, a medium for determining minimum miscible pressure of carbon dioxide-crude stores computer-executable instructions configured to: outputting a starting voltage signal for realizing sound wave emission to the sound wave emission unit; receiving a voltage waveform signal output by the sound wave receiving unit; carrying out data processing on the received voltage waveform signal to obtain an average voltage value U, and generating a P-U coordinate system under the control of a first built-in program after receiving different displacement pressure values P input by an operator; screening out miscible data points and immiscible data points in the P-U coordinate system under the control of a second built-in program; under the control of a third built-in program, respectively performing data fitting on the screened miscible data points and immiscible data points; and after an effective data fitting curve is obtained, determining the intersection point of the two fitting curves.
Example 4:
in order to realize miscible displacement of carbon dioxide in a certain block of the Liaohe oil field, the minimum miscible pressure of carbon dioxide and crude oil was measured by a capillary tube experimental method in the oil field, and the obtained value was 17.65MPa. At this value, however, no miscible displacement effect is produced in the actual displacement phase. In order to determine the actual minimum miscible pressure of carbon dioxide and crude oil in the stratum, 3 production wells are additionally drilled in Liaohe oil field between injection and production wells, and the minimum miscible pressure of oil and gas reaching the oil and gas miscible displacement effect is finally determined to be 20.04MPa by increasing the pressure of an injection end and analyzing the components of the adopted oil and gas. The method takes the Liaohe oil field as a target stratum to be measured, and the specific implementation process is as follows:
firstly, a plurality of standby core models are manufactured according to physical property parameters of a target reservoir to be measured, and any one of the standby core models is placed in a core holder.
For Liaohe oil field, the average permeability of the Liaohe oil field reservoir is known to be 45 multiplied by 10 -3 μm 2 If the average porosity is 23.54%, the spare core model for Liaohe oil field is based on the pre-manufactured cylindrical core modelThe dimensions were 2.5X 30cm, and a mold of 30X 4.5cm (length X width X height) was selected. Further, as an embodiment, the mesh number of the quartz sand and the proportion of the cement are determined according to the known average permeability and porosity of the Liaohe oilfield reservoir, and in the application, the mesh number of the quartz sand is determined to be 140 meshes according to the average permeability and porosity of the Liaohe oilfield reservoir, and the proportion of the cement is 95. The quartz sand and the cementing material are put into a square plate and stirred evenly. After stirring, the quartz sand and the cement are placed in a mold. The mold was placed in a compression tester to compress for 15min. And after pressurization, taking out the core from the mold, and placing the core in a thermostat for baking for 6-8 hours. And after the core is naturally cooled, drilling the core into the required specification by a drilling machine. And repeating the steps to obtain a plurality of standby core models.
Secondly, respectively implanting an inlet end piezoelectric transducer and an outlet end piezoelectric transducer at the centers of the left end surface and the right end surface of the core model which is placed in the core holder. The piezoelectric transducers mentioned in the present application are schematically shown in fig. 3 and 4, and the piezoelectric transducer 9 can convert the sound wave signal and the electric signal into each other, and as a preferred embodiment, an inlet end piezoelectric transducer and an outlet end piezoelectric transducer are provided; and the inlet end piezoelectric transducer and the outlet end piezoelectric transducer both include: the piezoelectric acoustic transducer comprises a front cover plate, a rear cover plate 16, piezoelectric ceramics 19, an insulating layer 18, a high-strength stress rod 17, an acoustic matching layer 20 and a pipeline 22, wherein the rear cover plate 16 is arranged corresponding to the front cover plate and used for isolating external fluid, the piezoelectric ceramics 19 are arranged on two sides of an internal cavity of the piezoelectric transducer and used for connecting an alternating current power supply 21, the insulating layer 18 is connected with the piezoelectric ceramics 19, the high-strength stress rod 17 is used for fixing the front cover plate, the rear cover plate and the piezoelectric ceramics 19, the acoustic matching layer 20 is arranged at one end of the piezoelectric transducer and used for transmitting and absorbing sound waves, and the pipeline 22 is arranged in an annular space between a metal shell of the piezoelectric transducer and the front cover plate 16 and used for injecting fluid; the high-strength stress rod 17 is fixed in the middle of the piezoelectric transducer; the piezoelectric ceramic 19 generates ultrasonic waves due to the inverse piezoelectric effect.
The transducer adopted in the application is improved on the basis of a TGM-PTZ piezoelectric transducer produced by Sunan Tiangong measurement and control science and technology Limited company. The piezoelectric transducer operates by utilizing the forward and reverse piezoelectric effects of piezoelectric ceramics. The piezoelectric ceramic generates electric charge under stress, which is called a positive piezoelectric effect; on the contrary, applying an electric field to the piezoelectric ceramic generates mechanical stress and deformation, and this phenomenon is called inverse piezoelectric effect. Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, (a) is when no electric field is applied; (b) an external electric field; and (c) applying a reverse electric field. When the applied electric field is an alternating signal, a corresponding form of elastic wave can be excited in the piezoelectric ceramic. Thus, piezoelectric transducers have the dual role of transmitting and receiving sound waves. In a preferred embodiment, a piezoelectric transducer is arranged at the inlet end to generate stable sound waves, and is also arranged at the outlet end to receive the sound waves, and the minimum miscible pressure is predicted by collecting the voltage amplitude U data of the outlet end series. Therefore, in the present application, the acoustic matching layer at the end of the piezoelectric transducer at the inlet end and the acoustic matching layer at the end of the piezoelectric transducer at the outlet end are disposed in opposition to each other.
Further, the core holder is placed in a carbon dioxide-crude oil displacement detection device, and an average voltage value U of the voltage amplitude signal is collected and recorded through an industrial computer. The specific operation steps are as follows:
firstly, pumping a rock core in the holder to a negative pressure state by using a vacuum pump, preparing simulated formation water according to the composition of formation water of an oil reservoir, and injecting the simulated formation water into the rock core by using a hand pump; injecting crude oil into the rock core at a constant flow rate by adopting an ISCO pump at a target block stratum temperature of 54.3 ℃, and finishing saturated oil when the outlet end is not discharging water; setting ISCO pump to constant pressure injection mode, injection end pressure P 1 The initial immiscible pressure is 5MPa; adjusting the pressure P of the back-pressure valve 2 Making the pressure of the injection end lower than 0.2MPa, and opening the piezoelectric transducer; carrying out a 5MPa displacement experiment under non-miscible pressure, and receiving a sound wave signal transmitted by an inlet end by an outlet end piezoelectric transducer so as to obtain a voltage amplitude U (the amplitude refers to the maximum voltage amplitude before crude oil in a porous medium flows out) after the outlet end piezoelectric transducer converts the sound wave under 5MPa; changing the rock core, taking 5MPa as one stage, and gradually increasing the pressure P at the injection end 1 Carrying out displacement experiments under 10MPa, 15MPa, 20MPa, 26.35MPa, 30MPa and 35MPa in sequence to obtain a series of P 1 And U data; according to the pressure of immiscible phase and miscible phaseLower voltage amplitude U with pressure P 1 And selecting a function model to fit the data according to the change trend. Definition Qn = (Un) +1 -Un)/Un is the voltage change rate, n > 1, the voltage change rate of the acquired voltage amplitude signals U1 to Un is calculated item by item, and a voltage change rate data set is established according to the voltage change rate of U1 to Un. Defining the data points in the corresponding P-U coordinate system as non-miscible data points when the Qn is more than 30%; and when Qn is less than 5%, the corresponding data point in the P-U coordinate system is a miscible data point.
And fitting the unmixed phase data points and the mixed phase data points respectively through a y = ax + b function model, wherein the fitting formula of the unmixed phase section is y = -5.522x +158.7R = -0.9987, and the fitting formula of the mixed phase section is y = -0.03x +49.267R = -0.9816. The absolute value of the two correlation coefficients R is larger than 0.9, so that the data change trend is linear. A and b in the function model are obtained by least square formula (1) and (2), and the related data are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 linear fitting calculation table for immiscible phase segments
TABLE 2 Linear fitting calculation Table for miscible phase segment
Thus obtaining U and P under unmixed phase and mixed phase 1 The functional relation of the U and the P1 is the change rule of the sound wave under the unmixed phase and the mixed phase, and when the U is increased along with the P1 under the unmixed phase condition, the U is reduced; under miscible conditions, however, U increases nearly unchanged with P1.
Wherein i represents a data number, n represents a data amount, and x i Indicating injection end pressure Pi, y i Signal U representing the magnitude of the voltage i 。
As a preferred embodiment, the carbon dioxide-crude oil displacement experiment assembly is shown in figure 2, and a device for measuring the minimum miscible pressure of the carbon dioxide-crude oil is used for connecting an ISCO pump 1 which provides power for the experiment device and realizes constant pressure driving with a six-way valve 2 which provides a plurality of access switch controls through a plurality of steel pipelines 3; a plurality of steel lines 3 are connected to CO2 piston vessels 4 (with internal CO displaced by bottom piston) respectively 2 Outflow), formation water piston vessel 5 (outflow of internal formation water by displacement of the bottom piston) and crude oil piston vessel 6 (outflow of internal crude oil by displacement of the bottom piston); the outlet ends of the CO2 piston container 4, the formation water piston container 5 and the crude oil piston container 6 are respectively provided with a pressure gauge 7 (for monitoring the pressure in the displacement process) and are connected with the inlet end of the holder through pipelines; a core model 9 is fixed in the piston container IV10 through a rubber sleeve 8, and an annular space exists between the rubber sleeve and the whole holder. White oil is injected into the annular space through a valve on the upper part of the holder until the pressure is 2MPa higher than the pressure of an injection end, so that the rubber sleeve is tightly attached to the piezoelectric transducer and the core, and gas is prevented from overflowing through gaps between the rubber sleeve and the piezoelectric transducer and the core in the injection process. Meanwhile, the outlet end of the clamper and the outlet end of the back pressure valve 11 are connected with a measuring cylinder 12. The measurement device further includes: a thermostat 13; the entire displacement system is brought to the formation temperature by placing the thermostat 13 in the thermostat. The piston container IV10 is also connected to a computer 14 via a cable 13.
Comparing the obtained acoustic wave change rules under the conditions of unmixed phase and mixed phase, it can be found that the relation between the voltage amplitude and the pressure under the conditions of unmixed phase and mixed phase has obvious difference, which is caused by that the acoustic wave transmission medium is changed from 4 (porous medium, water, carbon dioxide and oil) to 3 (porous medium, water and mixture of carbon dioxide and oil) in the process from unmixed phase to mixed phase. Therefore, the minimum miscible pressure is defined as P1 corresponding to the sudden change of the voltage amplitude U, i.e. P1 where the voltage amplitudes U of the two fitting formulas are equal. The minimum miscible pressure of carbon dioxide and oil was calculated by the immiscible-segment fitting formula and miscible-segment fitting formula and was 19.93MPa (fig. 9).
The actual minimum miscible pressure of the Liaohe oilfield is 20.04MPa, and the minimum miscible pressure obtained by the method is 19.93MP which is very similar to the actual minimum miscible pressure. The accuracy of the acquisition is far higher than the minimum miscible pressure of the carbon dioxide and the crude oil measured by a thin tube experiment method.
The above-mentioned serial numbers of the embodiments of the present invention are merely for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments.
In the above embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and for parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments.
In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed technology can be implemented in other ways. The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units may be a logical division, and in actual implementation, there may be another division, for example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, units or modules, and may be in an electrical or other form.
The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be realized in a form of hardware, and can also be realized in a form of a software functional unit.
The integrated unit, if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a removable hard disk, a magnetic or optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method of determining a minimum miscible pressure of carbon dioxide-crude, the method comprising:
firstly, manufacturing a plurality of standby core models according to physical property parameters of a target reservoir to be detected; placing any one of the standby core models into a core holder;
secondly, respectively implanting an inlet end piezoelectric transducer and an outlet end piezoelectric transducer at the centers of the left end surface and the right end surface of the core model placed in the core holder; the inlet end piezoelectric transducer is used for transmitting a sound wave signal, and the outlet end piezoelectric transducer is used for receiving the sound wave signal transmitted by the core model placed in the core holder and converting the sound wave signal into a voltage amplitude signal; the average voltage value U of the voltage amplitude signal is collected and recorded by an industrial computer; the average voltage value U represents the difference value of the highest voltage and the lowest voltage in the time period from the beginning of the experiment to the moment that the gas to be measured breaks through the piezoelectric transducer at the outlet end;
thirdly, placing the core holder into a carbon dioxide-crude oil displacement detection device, carrying out a displacement experiment from a carbon dioxide-crude oil unmiscible phase to a miscible phase under a first injection end pressure P1, and recording an obtained first voltage amplitude signal U through the industrial computer; then, selecting one of the standby core models to replace the core model in the core holder, increasing the pressure P1 to Pn of the injection end step by step, repeatedly executing the second step to the third step, obtaining a series of voltage amplitude signals U1 to Un, and establishing a P-U coordinate system according to the pressure;
the fourth step, define Qn = (Un) +1 -Un)/Un is the voltage rate of change, n > 1, calculating the voltage rate of change of the series of voltage amplitude signals U1 to Un obtained via the third step item by item, establishing a voltage rate of change data set according to the voltage rate of change of U1 to Un;
fifthly, when Qn is larger than a first set value, defining the data point in the corresponding P-U coordinate system as a non-miscible data point; when Qn is less than a second set value, the data point in the corresponding P-U coordinate system is defined as a miscible data point;
sixthly, performing data fitting on the unmixed data points and the mixed data points obtained in the fifth step in the P-U coordinate system respectively to obtain two fitting curves; and the P value corresponding to the intersection of the two fitting curves is the minimum miscible pressure of the carbon dioxide and the crude oil.
2. The method for determining minimum miscible pressure of carbon dioxide-crude oil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the data fitting of the sixth step is performed according to the following path:
firstly, adopt y =Respectively carrying out first fitting on the unmixed phase data points and the mixed phase data points by using an ax + b function model, wherein if the absolute values of correlation coefficients R of an unmixed phase data point curve and a mixed phase data point curve obtained after the first fitting are both greater than 0.9, the data change trend is linear, and the obtained two curves are effective data fitting curves; if the absolute values of the correlation coefficients R of the unmixed phase data point curve and the mixed phase data point curve obtained after the first fitting are both less than or equal to 0.9, the two obtained curves are both invalid data fitting curves; if the absolute value of the correlation coefficient R of only one fitted curve is less than or equal to 0.9, then for the data point corresponding to that fitted curve y = ax is used 2 And fitting the functional model of + bx + c for the second time, wherein the parameters a, b and c in the functional model are obtained by a least square method.
3. The method of determining minimum miscible pressure of carbon dioxide-crude as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the third step, the injection end pressures P1 to Pn are increased step by step with the third set value as one step.
4. An apparatus for determining a minimum miscible pressure of a carbon dioxide-crude oil, comprising a carbon dioxide-crude oil displacement experiment assembly, the apparatus further comprising:
the sound wave transmitting unit is used for transmitting sound waves at a displacement fluid inlet of the core model;
the sound wave receiving unit is arranged at the displacement fluid outlet of the rock core model and used for receiving sound waves and converting the sound waves into voltage signals to be output;
a central control unit having the following functions:
the starting voltage signal is used for outputting a starting voltage signal for realizing sound wave emission to the sound wave emission unit;
the voltage waveform signal is used for receiving the voltage waveform signal output by the sound wave receiving unit;
the voltage waveform signal processing module is used for carrying out data processing on the received voltage waveform signal to obtain an average voltage value U, and generating a P-U coordinate system under the control of a first built-in program after receiving different input displacement pressure values P;
the device is used for screening out miscible data points and immiscible data points in the P-U coordinate system under the control of a second built-in program;
the device is used for respectively carrying out data fitting on the screened miscible data points and immiscible data points under the control of a third built-in program; and after an effective data fitting curve is obtained, determining the displacement pressure value at the intersection of the two fitting curves.
5. The apparatus for determining minimum miscible pressure of carbon dioxide-crude oil as claimed in claim 4, wherein said sound wave emitting unit comprises an inlet-end piezoelectric transducer: the inlet end piezoelectric transducer is arranged at the center of one end of the core model in the core holder;
the sound wave receiving unit comprises an outlet end piezoelectric transducer; and the outlet end piezoelectric transducer is arranged at the center of the other end of the core model in the core holder and corresponds to the inlet end piezoelectric transducer.
6. The apparatus for determining minimum miscible pressure of carbon dioxide-crude oil as claimed in claim 5, wherein said inlet-side piezoelectric transducer and said outlet-side piezoelectric transducer each comprise: the piezoelectric transducer comprises a front cover plate, a rear cover plate, piezoelectric ceramics, an insulating layer, a high-strength stress rod, an acoustic matching layer and a pipeline, wherein the rear cover plate is arranged corresponding to the front cover plate and used for isolating external fluid; the high-strength stress rod is fixed in the middle of the piezoelectric transducer; the piezoelectric ceramic generates ultrasonic waves due to an inverse piezoelectric effect;
the acoustic matching layer at one end of the inlet end piezoelectric transducer and the acoustic matching layer at one end of the outlet end piezoelectric transducer are arranged oppositely.
7. An apparatus for determining minimum miscible pressure of carbon dioxide-crude oil, the apparatus comprising:
at least one processor; and the number of the first and second groups,
a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to:
outputting a starting voltage signal for realizing sound wave emission to the sound wave emission unit;
receiving a voltage waveform signal output by the sound wave receiving unit;
carrying out data processing on the received voltage waveform signal to obtain an average voltage value U, and generating a P-U coordinate system under the control of a first built-in program after receiving different displacement pressure values P input by an operator;
screening out miscible data points and immiscible data points in the P-U coordinate system under the control of a second built-in program;
under the control of a third built-in program, respectively performing data fitting on the screened miscible data points and immiscible data points; and after an effective data fitting curve is obtained, determining the displacement pressure value at the intersection of the two fitting curves.
8. A medium for determining minimum miscible pressure of carbon dioxide-crude, having stored thereon computer-executable instructions configured to:
outputting a starting voltage signal for realizing sound wave emission to the sound wave emission unit;
receiving a voltage waveform signal output by the sound wave receiving unit;
carrying out data processing on the received voltage waveform signal to obtain an average voltage value U, and generating a P-U coordinate system under the control of a first built-in program after receiving different displacement pressure values P input by an operator;
screening out miscible data points and immiscible data points in the P-U coordinate system under the control of a second built-in program;
under the control of a third built-in program, respectively performing data fitting on the screened miscible data points and immiscible data points; and after an effective data fitting curve is obtained, determining the displacement pressure value at the intersection of the two fitting curves.
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| CN117005853A (en) * | 2023-07-06 | 2023-11-07 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Mixed-phase pressure measurement device and method |
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