CN115606363A - Novel plant planting method for endophytic mycorrhizal agent capsule seeds - Google Patents
Novel plant planting method for endophytic mycorrhizal agent capsule seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN115606363A CN115606363A CN202211294781.0A CN202211294781A CN115606363A CN 115606363 A CN115606363 A CN 115606363A CN 202211294781 A CN202211294781 A CN 202211294781A CN 115606363 A CN115606363 A CN 115606363A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of sowing, seedling raising and planting of microbial manure plants, and discloses a novel plant planting method of endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent capsule seeds, which comprises the following steps: s1, selecting and breeding the cultured endophytic mycorrhizal fungi; s2, customizing capsules with different disintegration times; s3, filling the plant seeds and the granular or powdery endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent into a capsule together; s4, when the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent capsule seeds are sown, the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent capsule seeds are placed in a phosphorus-potassium matrix or soil, a mycelium network is built inside and outside the host plant roots after the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi germinate, the absorption of the plants to water and nutrients is greatly promoted, and meanwhile, the acquisition of relatively fixed trace element cations can be enhanced to stimulate the growth and nutrition of the plants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sowing, seedling raising and planting of microbial manure plants, in particular to a novel plant planting method of endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent capsule seeds.
Background
Although the vegetables, melons and fruits, food crops, famous wood, flowers and plants and drought and cold plants have mature cultivation modes at present, the plants are easily damaged by high temperature drought, rainstorm, waterlogging, wind blowing, collapse and other disasters along with the warming of climate and frequent abnormal weather, and the growth of the plants is seriously influenced. Meanwhile, chemical agricultural toxicity phenomena such as salinization, desertification, soil fertility reduction and the like are increasingly serious, and the yield, the quality and the safety of agricultural products are influenced. For example, the main factors influencing the taste and appearance are the indexes of nitrate content, moisture content, sugar content and the like in the body; the taste is determined by whether various mineral substances in the soil are balanced or not, and the mineral substances are proper and balanced, so that the soil can grow better and is also more delicious; the origin of the destruction of the mineral balance in the soil is the chemical fertilizer and pesticide used in large quantities. The long-term excessive application of chemical fertilizers can destroy the equilibrium state of various mineral substances in soil, also can destroy the physiological clock of plants, artificially accelerate the growth speed, and is also one of the reasons that vegetables, melons and fruits, food crops, famous flowers and plants and drought and cold plants are difficult to eat and have unsightly appearance. When chemical fertilizer is applied, the vegetables, melons and fruits, grain crops, famous wood flowers and plants and drought-cold plants absorb the fertilizer through the force of rhizosphere microorganisms, but the soil contains water, the chemical fertilizer is dissolved in water, and dissolved nutrients are absorbed by the vegetables, melons and fruits, grain crops, famous wood flowers and plants and drought-cold plants through osmotic pressure, ion exchange and other modes. Therefore, the vegetables, melons and fruits, grain crops, famous wood flowers and plants and drought-cold plants absorb not only nutrients but also moisture, and cells of the melons and fruits grow when more moisture exists, so that the vegetables, melons and fruits, grain crops, famous wood flowers and plants and drought-cold plants eat water, and the contained minerals are diluted, so that the taste is poor; in addition, vegetables, fruits, grain crops, famous flowers and plants and drought-cold plants grow rapidly, and cell-cell swing is indefinite, so that metabolism of the vegetables, fruits, grain crops, famous flowers and plants and the drought-cold plants is influenced, the vegetables, fruits, grain crops, famous flowers and plants and the drought-cold plants are easy to rot and deteriorate, and the vegetables, fruits, grain crops, famous flowers and plants and the drought-cold plants are difficult to store. Therefore, the traditional planting mode using a large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides not only causes the tastes and the tastes of vegetables, melons and fruits, grain crops, famous flowers and plants and drought and cold plants to become worse and worse, but also causes the health of people to be influenced through a food chain, and is one of the main fierce causes the sub-health of people at present. Newer techniques and initiatives are urgently needed to change current farming regimes. The invention takes the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi symbiotic with plant root systems as the core material, innovates the seed planting technology, can fundamentally solve the dilemma of the current agricultural production and is suitable for a plurality of different habitat conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a novel plant planting method of endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent capsule seeds.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a novel plant planting method of endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent capsule seeds is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting and breeding cultured endophytic mycorrhizal fungi in an expanding way;
s2, customizing capsules with different disintegration times;
s3, filling the plant seeds and the granular or powdery endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent into capsules;
and S4, before the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent capsule seeds are sown, digging holes and burying a phosphorus-potassium matrix, and placing the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent capsule seeds in the phosphorus-potassium matrix.
Preferably, the specific steps of S1 are: establishing an endophyte mycorrhizal fungi propagation culturing pool in a clean greenhouse, utilizing sub-clay clean ceramsite subjected to high-temperature treatment as a culturing carrier, sowing plants of the endophyte mycorrhizal fungi propagation carrier on the ceramsite in the bacterial pool, carrying out endophyte culturing propagation expansion, and after about 120 days of culturing, allowing endophyte mycorrhizal fungi in the plant capillary root to enter a ceramsite honeycomb and form endophyte mycorrhizal fungi spores to become granular endophyte mycorrhizal fungi agents;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1-1: constructing a greenhouse with a three-linkage steel structure, wherein the greenhouse is 24 meters long, 12.8 meters wide and 3 meters high;
s1-2: laying the wall of an endophytic fungi culture pond with the length of 20 meters, the width of 2.8 meters and the height of 40 centimeters in a greenhouse by bricks; painting the wall with concrete mortar;
s1-3: tamping a mud layer at the bottom of the cultivation pond;
s1-4: paving clean fine sand with the thickness of 0.5-1 cm at the bottom of the cultivation pool;
s1-5: laying anti-corrosion and anti-toxicity non-woven fabrics at the bottom of the cultivation pool and the wall surface of the cultivation pool;
s1-6: constructing an 80-100 cubic pH adjusting reservoir, and configuring a computer-controlled greenhouse spraying system;
s1-7: a spraying system is arranged above a cultivation pool in the greenhouse, and monitoring and temperature measuring systems are arranged around the spraying system;
s1-8: comprehensively disinfecting all facilities in the greenhouse and 10 meters outside the greenhouse by using disinfectant 12 hours before the endophyte mycorrhizal fungi propagation carrier is sown;
s1-9: paving 30-35 cm deep sub-clay clean honeycomb-shaped ceramsite treated at high temperature in the culture pond;
s1-10: spreading 2-2.5 cm of endophytic mycorrhizal fungi mother bacteria on the ceramsite in the cultivation pond;
s1-11: spraying ceramsite in the pool for one hour 5 hours before the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi propagation carrier is sown;
s1-12: fixing a puncher by using a 20 cm-20 cm sowing hole distance plate, punching the hole to the depth of 5 cm, and sowing 2 plant seeds;
s1-13: after the cultivation pond finishes sowing, the spraying system is started for 10 minutes every 5 hours;
s1-14: spraying special nutrient solution when the seeds germinate and emerge to the four-five leaves; the nutrient solution is applied once every five days according to the serial number of the nutrient solution;
s1-15: removing withered yellow leaves in time in the plant growth period of the mycorrhizal fungi breeding carrier in the culture pond;
s1-16: the worker goes in and out of the cultivation pool and needs to be disinfected, and the door is closed and the window is closed conveniently;
s1-17: cleaning and disinfecting the spray nozzles every 10 days;
s1-18: the humidity in the cultivation pond is 50-80;
s1-19: the high temperature in the greenhouse is not higher than 45 ℃, and the air humidity is not higher than 60 ℃;
s1-20: the cultivation period is 120 days, and water and fertilizer are stopped after the cultivation period is finished; removing visible parts of plants in the cultivation pool, and cleaning the greenhouse;
s1-21: after water and fertilizer are stopped for 15 days, respectively cleaning out plant root systems and ceramsite in the cultivation pool, naturally drying the plant root systems and the ceramsite, grinding the plant root systems and the ceramsite into powdery microbial agents and granular microbial agents, and sampling and sending the powdery microbial agents and the granular microbial agents to an inspection and test center to detect the content of spores of cultivated endophyte rhizopus fungi;
s1-22: the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent is cultivated in large amount through the root system of the plant in the field.
Preferably, the specific step of S2 is: the special clean binder is used for extruding and manufacturing capsules with different disintegration times, and the disintegration times of the capsule cap and the capsule barrel are specially customized according to the germination cycle of various plant seeds and the sowing environmental conditions.
Preferably, the specific step of S3 is: the seeds of vegetables, melons and fruits, corn, sorghum millet, famous wood flowers and plants, frigid plants and the like are filled with granular or powdery endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent in capsules to form endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent capsule seeds
Preferably, the specific step of S3 is:
s3-1: different planting environments: capsules with different disintegration times are selected in different regions, different climates, different soils and different seasons;
s3-2: capsules produced with clean binder: require a special customization of the capsule disintegration time provided by the supplier;
s3-3: filling seeds and the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent into a specially-made capsule:
s3-3.1: filling the selected seeds into capsules;
s3-3.2: selecting powder, granule or their mixture according to different seeds, and encapsulating;
s3-3.3: bottling according to seed category, adding desiccant when bottling, and sealing at normal temperature for storage.
Preferably, the specific step of S4 is:
s4-1: before the endogenetic mycorrhiza microbial inoculum capsule seeds are sown, holes are dug or soil is loosened;
s4-2: vegetable, melon and fruit seeds:
s4-2.1: shallow digging 2-3 cm deep grooves or fixed point digging 2-3 cm deep holes; dibbling the microbial inoculum capsule seeds and about 150-300 ml of phosphorus-potassium matrix or fine soil in furrows or holes, wherein the sowing distance is determined according to actual needs; the bacteria agent capsule seeds can not be exposed outside;
s4-2.2: covering the sowed furrows with straws or a sunshade net;
s4-2.3: watering immediately after seeding, and watering for 3-4 times in the first day; watering twice in the morning and at night every day from the next day to the time of seedling emergence, and in rainy days, lifting the covering after the seeds grow for 2-3 days, and spreading fine soil on the roots of the seedlings;
s4-2.4: after the seeds emerge for 10 days, normally weeding and fertilizing, and avoiding applying a soil bactericide;
s4-3: corn, sorghum, millet seeds:
s4-3.1: before sowing the corn fungicide capsule seeds, loosening soil, harrowing, leveling or ditching and ridging;
s4-3.2: selecting a proper seeder, and dibbling microbial inoculum capsule seeds of the plants in the soil;
s4-3.3: covering fine soil and immediately watering thoroughly;
s4-3.4: normally weeding and fertilizing, and avoiding applying soil bactericides, such as applying pesticides to avoid penetrating roots;
s4-4: famous wood flowers and plants seeds:
s4-4.1: digging holes or grooves, and firstly putting a phosphorus-potassium matrix; putting capsule seeds in the phosphorus-potassium matrix, and scattering fine soil on the capsule seeds;
s4-4.2: covering the hole sowing land with rice straw or a sunshade net;
s4-4.3: watering thoroughly immediately after sowing, and watering for 3-4 times in the first day; watering twice in the morning and at the evening every day from the next day to before seedling emergence, and watering is not needed in rainy days; 2-3 days after the seeds are sowed in holes, lifting the covering materials, scattering fine soil on the roots of the seedlings, and hilling the roots 10 days after the seeds emerge;
s4-4.4: normally weed is removed and fertilizer is applied, and the application of soil bactericide is avoided; non-decomposed organic fertilizer is not suitable for being used so as to prevent weed seeds, pathogenic bacteria and worm eggs from being brought in;
s4-5: seeds of frigid and arid plants:
s4-5.1: digging a strip ditch with the depth of 3-5 cm; dibbling the microbial inoculum capsule seeds in the strip ditches, wherein the sowing distance is determined according to the actual requirement; the seeds of the microbial inoculum capsule are covered with thick soil, so that the influence of wind and sand is avoided, and the germination of the seeds is influenced after the seeds are exposed outside;
s4-5.2: watering 2 times in the first day after seeding; watering once a day from the next day to before seedling emergence;
s4-5.3: normal weeding and fertilization are carried out, and the application of soil bactericide is avoided.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a novel plant planting method of endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent capsule seeds, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the method for cultivating the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi, a fungal mycelium network is established inside and outside the host plant roots through the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi, so that the water and nutrient absorption of plants is greatly promoted, and meanwhile, the acquisition of relatively fixed trace element cations can be enhanced, so that the growth and nutrition of the plants are stimulated. The organic acid can be secreted to break insoluble nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, so that the utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements in the soil is improved; can stimulate the plants to produce a plurality of disease-resistant proteins in vivo and induce the plants to enhance the capability of resisting diseases and insect pests; has effects in resisting stress, resisting disease and insect, and increasing yield; the usage amount of water, chemical fertilizer and pesticide can be obviously reduced; the composition does not contain transgenic substances, pathogenic bacteria and insect eggs, is safe, nontoxic and harmless, and has excellent environmental compatibility; is suitable for the growth of more than 95 percent of plants.
2. The method for cultivating the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi adopts the cultivated and produced endophytic mycorrhizal fungi preparation and seeds to be filled in plant capsules with different models and specifications, and the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi preparation capsule seeds are directly inserted in the soil paved with the phosphoric acid matrix. The endophytic mycorrhizal fungi establish a fungal mycelium network inside and outside the host plant root, greatly promote the absorption of water and nutrients by the plant, and simultaneously enhance the acquisition of relatively fixed trace element cations to stimulate the growth and nutrition of the plant.
3. The planting method of the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent capsule seed plants has the effects of resisting stress and diseases, increasing yield and improving the quality of melons and fruits, and can obviously reduce the use amount of water, chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The capsule filled with endophytic mycorrhizal fungi is like a parent placenta, seeds germinate in the capsule and are isolated from polluted soil, and insect pest invasion is prevented; the grown root teeth and the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi directly establish a symbiotic relationship to promote the plants to grow stronger root systems. The capsule cap disintegrates and falls off after meeting water for 2 hours, moisture permeates into the capsule, and the seeds germinate healthily in a clean and suitable placenta environment. The capsule body disintegrates about 100 hours, and the strong root system promotes the growth of plants. Meanwhile, the damage of root systems caused in seedling transplantation is reduced, and the procedure of melon and fruit cultivation is simplified. Greatly reduces the labor cost of planting melons and fruits in vegetable farmers.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A novel plant planting method of endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent capsule seeds comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting and breeding cultured endophytic mycorrhizal fungi in an expanding way; an endophyte mycorrhizal fungi propagation culturing pond is built in a clean greenhouse, and the high-temperature treated sub-clay clean ceramsite is used as a culturing carrier to carry out endophyte mycorrhizal fungi culturing propagation. The method comprises the steps of sowing the plant of the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi propagation carrier on ceramsite in a bacteria pond, and after about 120 days of cultivation, allowing the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi in the plant capillary root to seep into a ceramsite honeycomb and form endophytic mycorrhizal fungi spores to become granular endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agents. The standard spore number of the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi is more than or equal to 70/ml. The endophytic mycorrhizal fungi establish mycelium network inside and outside the host plant root, greatly promote the water and nutrient absorption of the plant, and simultaneously can enhance the acquisition of relatively fixed trace element cations to stimulate the growth and nutrition of the plant. The granular endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent is directly planted in the field soil in the open air to be used as a propagation carrier of the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi, the cultivation and natural drying are carried out for 120 days, plant roots (whiskers) containing endophytic mycorrhizal fungi spores are naturally dried and ground into powder to form the powdery endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent, and the standard spore number of the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi is more than or equal to 70/ml.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: s1-1: constructing three multi-span steel structure greenhouses with the length of 24 meters, the width of 12.8 meters and the shoulder height of 3 meters in the field;
s1-2: laying the wall of an endophytic fungi culture pond with the length of 20 meters, the width of 2.8 meters and the height of 40 centimeters in a greenhouse by bricks; painting the wall with concrete mortar;
s1-3: tamping a mud layer at the bottom of the cultivating pool to prevent viruses in sewage and soil from invading;
s1-4: paving clean fine sand of 0.5-1 cm at the bottom of the cultivation pool;
s1-5: laying anti-corrosion and anti-toxicity non-woven fabrics at the bottom of the cultivation pool and the wall surface of the cultivation pool;
s1-6: building an 80-100 cubic pH adjusting reservoir, and configuring a computer-controlled greenhouse spraying system;
s1-7: a spraying system is arranged above a culture pond in the greenhouse, and monitoring and temperature measuring systems are arranged around the spraying system;
s1-8: comprehensively disinfecting all channels in the greenhouse and 10 meters outside the greenhouse by using disinfectant 12 hours before the endophyte mycorrhizal fungi propagation carrier is sown;
s1-9: paving sub-clay clean honeycomb-shaped ceramsite which is 30-35 cm deep and is treated by high temperature in the culture pond;
s1-10: spreading 2-2.5 cm of endophytic mycorrhizal fungi mother bacteria on the ceramsite in the culture pond;
s1-11: spraying ceramsite in the pool for one hour 5 hours before the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi propagation carrier is sown;
s1-12: fixing a puncher by using a seeding hole distance plate of 20 cm by 20 cm, punching the hole to 5 cm in depth, and seeding 2 plant seeds;
s1-13: after the cultivation pond finishes sowing, the spraying system is started for 10 minutes every 5 hours;
s1-14: spraying a self-made special nutrient solution when the seeds germinate and emerge to four-five leaves; the nutrient solution is applied once every five days in sequence according to the serial number of the nutrient solution;
s1-15: timely removing withered yellow leaves in the plant growth period of the mycorrhizal fungi breeding carrier in the culture pond;
s1-16: workers need to be disinfected when entering and exiting the cultivation pond, and the door and the window are closed conveniently to prevent harmful insects from invading;
s1-17: cleaning and disinfecting the spray nozzles every 10 days;
s1-18: the humidity in the cultivation pond is 50-80;
s1-19: the high temperature in the greenhouse is not higher than 45 ℃, and the air humidity is not higher than 60 ℃;
s1-20: the cultivation period is 120 days, and water and fertilizer are stopped after the cultivation period is finished. Removing the visible parts of the plants in the cultivation pond, and cleaning the greenhouse;
s1-21: after water and fertilizer are stopped, respectively cleaning plant root systems and ceramsite in the cultivation pool 15 days, naturally drying the plant root systems and the ceramsite in the cultivation pool, grinding the plant root systems and the ceramsite into powdery powdered microbial agents and granular microbial agents, and sampling and sending the powdered microbial agents and the granular microbial agents to a test center for testing the content of cultivated endophyte mycorrhizal fungi spores;
s1-22: a large amount of endophyte mycorrhizal fungi agents are cultivated in a field through plant roots;
s1-23: inspection method
S1-23.1 appearance: the measurement was carried out by a visual inspection method.
S1-23.2 quality index: the parameters are shown in Table 1 according to the requirements of GB 20287-2006 standard.
S1-23.3 mercury, arsenic, cadmium, lead and chromium content determination: the method meets the mercury, arsenic, cadmium, lead and chromium content determination regulations of GB/T1978 fertilizer, and the parameters are shown in Table 2.
S1-23.4 determination of faecal coliform population: the method meets the determination regulation of faecal coliform in GB/T19524.1 fertilizer, and the parameters are shown in Table 2.
S1-23.5 determination of ascaris egg mortality: the determination rule of the ascaris egg death rate in the GB/T19524.2 fertilizer is met, and the parameters are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 1 quality index of seed of endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent capsule
TABLE 2 harmless indexes of endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent capsule seeds
S1-23.6 determination of the number of propagules of endophyte mycorrhizal fungi: and counting the number of endophyte mycorrhizal fungi propagules in the product by adopting a wet screening method and combining sucrose gradient centrifugation.
S1-24: inspection rules
S1-24.1: and (3) detection data judgment: the detection value is reduced, and the limit value is expressed and judged according to the regulation of GB/T8170.
S1-24.2: delivery test
S1-24.2.1: each batch of the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent capsule seed products are qualified by the quality inspection departments of the production enterprises, and are accompanied by product quality inspection qualification certificates.
S1-24.2.2: the factory inspection items comprise appearance and quality indexes.
S1-24.3: type testing
S1-24.3.1: the type check items include appearance, quality index and safety index.
S1-24.3.2: the type test is carried out 1-2 times in the production season of the year.
S1-24.3.3: the type check should be performed when one of the following conditions exists:
1) When the source of the raw materials changes;
2) When the factory inspection result is different from the type inspection result;
3) When the quality supervision agency puts forward the type inspection requirement.
S1-24.4: and (3) judging the quality of the product: if one index in the inspection result does not meet the standard requirement, selecting the ceramsite sample from two times of packages again for rechecking. And when one index in the re-inspection result does not meet the standard requirement, judging that the whole batch of endophytic mycorrhizal fungi capsules are unqualified.
S2, customizing capsules with different disintegration times; the special clean binder is used for extruding and manufacturing capsules with different disintegration times, the disintegration times of the capsule cap and the capsule barrel are specially customized according to the germination cycle length of various plant seeds and the sowing environmental conditions, the seeds and the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent are filled in the capsules, a suitable condition is created for seed germination, and insect damage in the germination period of the seeds is avoided.
S3, filling the plant seeds and the granular or powdery endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent into capsules; seeds of vegetables, melons and fruits, corns, rice, sorghum, millet, famous flowers and plants, xerophyte and the like and granular or powdery endophytic mycorrhizal fungi are filled in the capsule together to form the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent capsule seeds: original characteristics of the seeds are not changed; the grown root teeth and the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi directly establish a symbiotic relationship, so that the root system of the plant is stronger, the plant can absorb nutrients in soil, and the growth capacity of the plant and the yield and quality of fruits are greatly improved; meanwhile, the damage to the root system caused in the seedling transplantation is reduced; simplifies the process of plant cultivation and directly reduces the labor cost of plant cultivation.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s3-1: different planting environments: capsules with different disintegration times are selected in different regions, different climates, different soils and different seasons;
s3-2: capsules produced with clean binder: requiring that the disintegration time of the capsules provided by the supplier be specifically tailored.
S3-3: filling seeds and the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent into a specially-made capsule:
s3-3.1: filling the selected seeds into capsules;
s3-3.2: selecting powder, granule or their mixture according to different seeds, and encapsulating;
s3-3.3: bottling according to seed category, adding desiccant when bottling, and sealing and storing at normal temperature.
And S4, before sowing the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent capsule seeds, digging holes to embed a phosphorus-potassium matrix, and putting the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent capsule seeds in the phosphorus-potassium matrix to improve the soil, so that the soil is more fertile and softer.
The method comprises the following specific steps: s4-1: before the endogenetic mycorrhiza microbial inoculum capsule seeds are sown, holes are dug or soil is loosened;
s4-2: vegetable, melon and fruit seeds:
s4-2.1: shallow digging 2-3 cm deep grooves or fixed point digging 2-3 cm deep holes; dibbling the microbial inoculum capsule seeds and about 150-300 ml of phosphorus-potassium matrix or fine soil in furrows or holes, wherein the sowing distance is determined according to actual needs; the microbial inoculum capsule seeds can not be exposed outside;
s4-2.2: covering the sowed furrows with straws or a sunshade net;
s4-2.3: watering immediately after seeding, and watering for 3-4 times in the first day; watering twice in the morning and evening every day from the next day to the time of seedling emergence, watering in rainy days, lifting a covering after the seeds grow for 2-3 days, and spreading fine soil on the roots of the seedlings;
s4-2.4: : after the seeds emerge for 10 days, normally weeding and fertilizing, and avoiding applying a soil bactericide;
s4-3: corn, rice, sorghum, millet seeds:
s4-3.1: before sowing the corn inoculant capsule seeds, loosening soil, harrowing, leveling or ditching and ridging;
s4-3.2: selecting a proper seeder, and dibbling the microbial inoculum capsule seeds of the plants in the soil;
s4-3.3: covering with fine soil and immediately watering thoroughly.
S4-3.4: normally weeding and fertilizing, and avoiding applying soil bactericides, such as applying pesticides to avoid the penetration of roots.
S4-4: famous wood flowers and plants seeds:
s4-4.1: digging holes or grooves, and firstly putting a phosphorus-potassium matrix; putting capsule seeds in the phosphorus-potassium matrix, and scattering fine soil on the capsule seeds;
s4-4.2: covering the hole sowing land with rice straw or a sunshade net;
s4-4.3: watering thoroughly immediately after sowing, and watering for 3-4 times in the first day; watering twice in the morning and at night every day from the next day to the time of emergence of seedlings, and watering is not needed in rainy days; 2-3 days after the seeds are sowed in holes, lifting the covering materials, scattering fine soil on the roots of the seedlings, and hilling the roots 10 days after the seeds emerge;
s4-4.4: normally weeding and fertilizing, and avoiding applying soil bactericide; non-decomposed organic fertilizer is not suitable for being used so as to avoid weed seeds, pathogenic bacteria and worm eggs from being brought in;
s4-5: seeds of frigid and arid plants:
s4-5.1: digging a strip ditch 3-5 cm deep; dibbling the microbial inoculum capsule seeds in the strip ditches, wherein the sowing distance is determined according to actual needs; the seeds of the microbial inoculum capsule are covered with thick soil, so that the influence of wind and sand is avoided, and the germination of the seeds is influenced after the seeds are exposed outside;
s4-5.2: watering 2 times in the first day after seeding; watering once a day from the next day to before seedling emergence;
s4-5.3: normal weeding and fertilizing are carried out, and the application of soil bactericides is avoided.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A novel plant planting method of endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent capsule seeds is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting and breeding cultured endophytic mycorrhizal fungi in an expanding way;
s2, customizing capsules with different disintegration times;
s3, filling the plant seeds and the granular or powdery endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent into a capsule together;
s4, when the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent capsule seeds are sown, the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent capsule seeds are placed in a phosphorus-potassium matrix or soil.
2. The novel plant cultivation method of endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent capsule seeds of claim 1, characterized in that: the specific steps of S1 are as follows: establishing an endophyte mycorrhizal fungi propagation culturing pool in a clean greenhouse, utilizing sub-clay clean ceramsite subjected to high-temperature treatment as a culturing carrier, sowing plants of the endophyte mycorrhizal fungi propagation carrier on the ceramsite in the bacterial pool, carrying out endophyte culturing propagation expansion, and after about 120 days of culturing, allowing endophyte mycorrhizal fungi in the plant capillary root to enter a ceramsite honeycomb and form endophyte mycorrhizal fungi spores to become granular endophyte mycorrhizal fungi agents;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1-1: constructing a greenhouse with a three-linkage steel structure, wherein the greenhouse is 24 meters long, 12.8 meters wide and 3 meters high;
s1-2: laying endophytic fungi culture pond walls with the length of 20 meters, the width of 2.8 meters and the height of 40 centimeters in a greenhouse by bricks; painting the wall with concrete mortar;
s1-3: tamping a mud layer at the bottom of the cultivation pond;
s1-4: paving clean fine sand with the thickness of 0.5-1 cm at the bottom of the cultivation pool;
s1-5: laying anti-corrosion and anti-toxicity non-woven fabrics at the bottom of the cultivation pool and the wall surface of the cultivation pool;
s1-6: building an 80-100 cubic pH adjusting reservoir, and configuring a computer-controlled greenhouse spraying system;
s1-7: a spraying system is arranged above a cultivation pool in the greenhouse, and monitoring and temperature measuring systems are arranged around the spraying system;
s1-8: comprehensively disinfecting all facilities in the greenhouse and 10 meters outside the greenhouse by using disinfectant 12 hours before the endophyte mycorrhizal fungi propagation carrier is sown;
s1-9: paving sub-clay clean honeycomb-shaped ceramsite which is 30-35 cm deep and is treated by high temperature in the culture pond;
s1-10: spreading 2-2.5 cm of endophytic mycorrhizal fungi mother bacteria on the ceramsite in the culture pond;
s1-11: spraying ceramsite in the pool for one hour 5 hours before the endophyte mycorrhizal fungi propagation carrier is sown;
s1-12: fixing a puncher by using a 20 cm-20 cm sowing hole distance plate, punching the hole to the depth of 5 cm, and sowing 2 plant seeds;
s1-13: after the cultivation pond finishes sowing, the spraying system is started for 10 minutes every 5 hours;
s1-14: spraying special nutrient solution when the seeds germinate and emerge to four-five leaves; the nutrient solution is applied once every five days according to the serial number of the nutrient solution;
s1-15: timely removing withered yellow leaves in the plant growth period of the mycorrhizal fungi breeding carrier in the culture pond;
s1-16: the worker goes in and out of the cultivation pool and needs to be disinfected, and the door is closed and the window is closed conveniently;
s1-17: cleaning and disinfecting the spray nozzles every 10 days;
s1-18: the humidity in the cultivation pond is 50-80;
s1-19: the high temperature in the greenhouse is not higher than 45 ℃, and the air humidity is not higher than 60 ℃;
s1-20: the cultivation period is 120 days, and water and fertilizer are stopped after the cultivation period is finished; removing visible parts of plants in the cultivation pool, and cleaning the greenhouse;
s1-21: after water and fertilizer are stopped for 15 days, respectively cleaning out plant root systems and ceramsite in the cultivation pool, naturally drying the plant root systems and the ceramsite, grinding the plant root systems and the ceramsite into powdery microbial agents and granular microbial agents, and sampling and sending the powdery microbial agents and the granular microbial agents to an inspection and test center to detect the content of spores of cultivated endophyte rhizopus fungi;
s1-22: the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent is cultivated in large amount in field through plant root system.
3. The novel plant cultivation method of endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent capsule seeds of claim 1, characterized in that: the specific steps of S2 are as follows: the special clean binder is used for extruding and manufacturing capsules with different disintegration times, and the disintegration times of the capsule cap and the capsule barrel are specially customized according to the germination cycle of various plant seeds and the sowing environmental conditions.
4. The novel plant cultivation method of endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent capsule seeds of claim 1, characterized in that: the specific steps of S3 are as follows: seeds of vegetables, melons and fruits, corns, rice, sorghum, millet, famous flowers and plants, xerophyte and the like and granular or powdery endophytic mycorrhizal fungi are filled in the capsule together to form the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent capsule seeds.
5. The novel plant cultivation method of endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent capsule seeds of claim 1, characterized in that: the specific steps of S3 are as follows:
s3-1: different planting environments: capsules with different disintegration times are selected in different regions, different climates, different soils and different seasons;
s3-2: capsules produced with clean binder: require a special customization of the capsule disintegration time provided by the supplier;
s3-3: filling seeds and the endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent into a specially-made capsule:
s3-3.1: filling the selected seeds into capsules;
s3-3.2: selecting powder, granule or their mixture according to different seeds, and encapsulating;
s3-3.3: bottling according to seed category, adding desiccant when bottling, and sealing and storing at normal temperature.
6. The novel plant cultivation method of endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent capsule seeds of claim 1, characterized in that: the specific steps of S4 are as follows:
s4-1: before the endogenetic mycorrhiza microbial inoculum capsule seeds are sown, holes are dug or soil is loosened;
s4-2: vegetable, melon and fruit seeds:
s4-2.1: shallow digging 2-3 cm deep grooves or fixed point digging 2-3 cm deep holes; dibbling the microbial inoculum capsule seeds and about 150-300 ml of phosphorus-potassium matrix or fine soil in furrows or holes, wherein the sowing distance is determined according to actual needs; the microbial inoculum capsule seeds can not be exposed outside;
s4-2.2: covering the sowed furrows with straws or a sunshade net;
s4-2.3: watering immediately after seeding, and watering for 3-4 times in the first day; watering twice in the morning and evening every day from the next day to the time of seedling emergence, watering in rainy days, lifting a covering after the seeds grow for 2-3 days, and spreading fine soil on the roots of the seedlings;
s4-2.4: after the seeds emerge for 10 days, normally weeding and fertilizing, and avoiding applying a soil bactericide;
s4-3: corn, rice, sorghum, millet seeds:
s4-3.1: before sowing the corn inoculant capsule seeds, loosening soil, harrowing, leveling or ditching and ridging;
s4-3.2: selecting a proper seeder, and dibbling the microbial inoculum capsule seeds of the plants in the soil;
s4-3.3: covering fine soil and immediately watering thoroughly;
s4-3.4: normally weeding and fertilizing, and avoiding applying soil bactericides, such as pesticide application to avoid the penetration of the pesticide to roots;
s4-4: famous wood flowers and plants seeds:
s4-4.1: digging holes or grooves, and firstly putting a phosphorus-potassium matrix; putting capsule seeds in the phosphorus-potassium matrix, and scattering fine soil on the capsule seeds;
s4-4.2: covering the hole sowing land with rice straw or a sunshade net;
s4-4.3: watering thoroughly immediately after sowing, and watering for 3-4 times in the first day; watering twice in the morning and at the evening every day from the next day to before seedling emergence, and watering is not needed in rainy days; 2-3 days after the seeds are sowed in holes, lifting the covering materials, scattering fine soil on the roots of the seedlings, and hilling the roots 10 days after the seeds emerge;
s4-4.4: normally weeding and fertilizing, and avoiding applying soil bactericide; non-decomposed organic fertilizer is not suitable for being used so as to avoid weed seeds, pathogenic bacteria and worm eggs from being brought in;
s4-5: seeds of Han arid plants:
s4-5.1: digging a strip ditch with the depth of 3-5 cm; dibbling the microbial inoculum capsule seeds in the strip ditches, wherein the sowing distance is determined according to the actual requirement; the seeds of the microbial inoculum capsule are covered with thick soil, so that the influence of wind and sand is avoided, and the germination of the seeds is influenced after the seeds are exposed outside;
s4-5.2: watering for 2 times in the first day after seeding; watering once a day from the next day to before seedling emergence;
s4-5.3: normal weeding and fertilization are carried out, and the application of soil bactericide is avoided.
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