CN115584959A - Rotary drilling machine drilling track control method and drilling equipment - Google Patents
Rotary drilling machine drilling track control method and drilling equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN115584959A CN115584959A CN202211229079.6A CN202211229079A CN115584959A CN 115584959 A CN115584959 A CN 115584959A CN 202211229079 A CN202211229079 A CN 202211229079A CN 115584959 A CN115584959 A CN 115584959A
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 290
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
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Abstract
The invention provides a rotary drilling machine drilling track control method and drilling equipment, belonging to the technical field of rotary drilling machines, wherein the drilling equipment comprises a rotary drilling machine body, and the rotary drilling machine body is provided with a measurement while drilling instrument; the hollow drill rod is arranged on a gyrator of the rotary drilling machine body; one end of the pipe bending mechanism is arranged at the front end of the hollow drill rod through a measurement-while-drilling annunciator, and the other end of the pipe bending mechanism is provided with a drill bit; when the drill bit is normally drilled, the gyrator drives the drill bit to synchronously rotate and feed with the hollow drill rod; when the drilling track is adjusted, the rotating power of the hollow drill rod is transmitted to the shell of the pipe bending mechanism and is separated from the drill bit through the clutch structure in the pipe bending mechanism, and then the rotary drilling machine drives the hollow drill rod to rotate so as to drive the shell of the pipe bending mechanism to rotate by the rotating angle; the invention can effectively solve the problem that the drilling track is difficult to control when the ordinary rotary drilling machine is used for directional drilling, and has the advantages of high drilling success rate, low cost and difficult hole collapse.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rotary drilling machines, in particular to a rotary drilling machine drilling track control method and drilling equipment.
Background
At present, when directional drilling operation is carried out, a hole bottom motor directional drilling machine is usually adopted, but the cost is overhigh due to the fact that a high-pressure pump station needs to be equipped, and the effective power (power for driving a drill bit to operate) provided by a hole bottom motor is limited by the diameter size of a drilled hole, so that the effective power of the hole bottom motor is not more than 300N.m and cannot meet complex working conditions easily. With the progress of the technology in China, relevant documents or reports already explain the huge prospect of directional drilling by using a common rotary drilling machine, but with the increase of the drilling depth, particularly when the drilling depth reaches more than 70m, how to control the drilling track so that the drilling track meets the design requirements is still in a theoretical and groping state at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method and a device for controlling a drilling track of a rotary drilling machine, which can effectively solve the problem that the drilling track is difficult to control when a common rotary drilling machine is used for directional drilling, and have the advantages of high drilling success rate, low cost and difficulty in hole collapse.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a drilling track control method of a rotary drilling machine, which comprises the following steps:
drilling by a rotary drilling machine: the rotary drilling machine drives a drill bit which is rotatably arranged at the front end of the pipe bending mechanism to synchronously rotate and feed with the hollow drill rod, and the pipe bending mechanism synchronously feeds along with the hollow drill rod but does not rotate along with the hollow drill rod;
monitoring the drill bit: the measurement-while-drilling annunciator feeds back the position and posture information of the drill bit to the measurement-while-drilling instrument in real time;
judging and controlling a drilling track: the measurement while drilling instrument judges whether the drilling track of the drill bit exceeds the designed track range, and when the drilling track of the drill bit does not exceed the designed track range, the rotary drilling machine continues normal drilling operation; when the drilling track of the drill bit exceeds the range of the designed track, the rotary power of the hollow drill rod is transmitted to the shell of the pipe bending mechanism and is separated from the drill bit through the clutch structure in the pipe bending mechanism, then the rotary drilling machine drives the hollow drill rod to rotate and then drives the shell of the pipe bending mechanism to rotate by an angle, so that the drilling track of the drill bit accords with the designed track, then the rotary power of the hollow drill rod is transmitted to the drill bit and is separated from the shell of the pipe bending mechanism through the clutch structure in the pipe bending mechanism, and then the rotary drilling machine continues drilling;
and monitoring, judging and controlling the drilling track in real time in the drilling process until the whole directional drilling operation is finished.
The position and posture information of the drill bit is collected in real time through the measurement while drilling annunciator and fed back to the measurement while drilling instrument in real time, then the measurement while drilling instrument judges whether the drilling track of the drill bit exceeds the range of the designed track, and if the judgment result is that the drilling track does not exceed the range of the designed track, the rotary drilling machine continues normal drilling operation; if the judgment result is that the drilling trajectory exceeds the design trajectory range, the rotary power of the hollow drill rod is transmitted to the shell of the pipe bending mechanism and is separated from the drill bit through a clutch structure in the pipe bending mechanism, then the rotary drilling machine drives the hollow drill rod to rotate and then drives the pipe bending mechanism to rotate to a required angle so as to ensure that the drilling trajectory accords with the design trajectory, then the rotary power of the hollow drill rod is transmitted to the drill bit and is separated from the shell of the pipe bending mechanism through the clutch structure in the pipe bending mechanism, and then the rotary drilling machine continues drilling; and monitoring, judging and controlling the drilling track in real time in the drilling process until the whole directional drilling operation is finished. By adopting the technical scheme, the purpose of accurately controlling the drilling track of the common rotary drilling machine can be achieved, and the rotary drilling machine has the advantages of high drilling success rate, low cost and difficulty in hole collapse.
As a further improvement of the invention, in order to facilitate the timely discharge of the slag chips generated in the drilling process, the hollow drill rod adopts a drill rod with a spiral chip groove on the surface, so that the slag chips generated in the drilling process are synchronously conveyed to one end of the rotary drilling machine by the spiral chip groove to be discharged. Of course, the above scheme is not limited, and the following scheme may be adopted: the upper part of the drill bit is provided with a nozzle which is communicated with the hollow drill rod through an internal pipeline, and when the rotary drilling machine drills, high-pressure fluid is injected from the rear end of the hollow drill rod and is sprayed out from the nozzle on the drill bit, so that slag chips generated in the drilling process are discharged to one end of the rotary drilling machine along the drill hole by the high-pressure fluid sprayed out from the nozzle.
As a further improvement of the invention, the internal pipeline adopts a pipeline formed by sequentially communicating a drill bit, a measurement while drilling annunciator and an inner hole of a hollow drill rod; or the internal pipeline adopts a high-pressure pipeline which is freely rotatably arranged in the inner holes of the drill bit, the measurement-while-drilling annunciator and the hollow drill rod in a penetrating way, and the front end of the high-pressure pipeline is connected with the nozzle through a rotary joint.
As a further improvement of the method, when the drilling track is judged and controlled, the designed track parameters comprise hole depth, measuring depth, inclination angle and magnetic azimuth angle, the designed track plane of the drilled hole is projected and displayed after the designed track parameters are calculated, the drilling track parameters comprise hole depth, measuring depth, inclination angle, magnetic azimuth angle and tool facing angle, the drilling track plane is projected and displayed after the drilling track parameters are received in real time by the measurement-while-drilling instrument and calculated, the drilling track plane and the designed track plane are contrasted and analyzed by a worker, and the measurement-while-drilling instrument is judged whether the drilling track of the drill bit exceeds the designed track range or not.
In addition, the present invention also provides a drilling apparatus comprising:
the rotary drilling machine body is used as main equipment and is provided with a measurement while drilling instrument;
the hollow drill rod is arranged on a gyrator of the rotary drilling machine body;
one end of the pipe bending mechanism is arranged at the front end of the hollow drill rod through a measurement while drilling signal device, and the other end of the pipe bending mechanism is used for installing a drill bit; when the drill is normally drilled, the gyrator drives the drill bit to synchronously rotate and feed with the hollow drill rod, and the pipe bending mechanism synchronously feeds along with the hollow drill rod but does not rotate along with the hollow drill rod; when the drilling track is adjusted, the rotary power of the hollow drill rod is transmitted to the shell of the pipe bending mechanism and is separated from the drill bit through the clutch structure in the pipe bending mechanism, then the rotary drilling machine drives the hollow drill rod to rotate so as to drive the shell of the pipe bending mechanism to rotate by a rotating angle, and then the rotary power of the hollow drill rod is transmitted to the drill bit and is separated from the shell of the pipe bending mechanism through the clutch structure in the pipe bending mechanism;
the drill bit is rotatably arranged at the front end of the pipe bending mechanism, and the axis of the drill bit and the axis of the hollow drill rod are arranged in an inclined mode.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, only need carry out above-mentioned upgrading to ordinary rotary drill machine, just can effective control creep into the orbit, and then make the ordinary rotary drill machine after the upgrading transformation just can accomplish the directional drilling effect that directional drill machine reached, simultaneously, because the main part equipment of adoption is ordinary rotary drill machine, when carrying out drilling operation, the drilling rod is rotatory, can adapt to more complicated operating modes, for example soft rock, the inhomogeneous stratum of soft coal seam and hardness etc. have that the cutting force scope adjustment space is big and avoid the hole that collapses under the soft geology operating mode to embrace the advantage of boring.
As a further improvement of the invention, the surface of the hollow drill rod is provided with a spiral chip groove for synchronously conveying slag chips to one end of the rotary drilling machine for discharging during drilling.
As another improvement of the invention, the upper part of the drill bit is provided with a nozzle which is communicated with the hollow drill rod through an internal pipeline, and the rear end of the hollow drill rod is injected with high-pressure fluid; the internal pipeline is a pipeline formed by sequentially communicating a drill bit, a measurement while drilling annunciator and an inner hole of a hollow drill rod; or the internal pipeline adopts a high-pressure pipeline which is freely rotatably arranged in the inner holes of the drill bit, the measurement-while-drilling annunciator and the hollow drill rod in a penetrating way, and the front end of the high-pressure pipeline is connected with the nozzle through a rotary joint.
As a further improvement of the invention, the pipe bending mechanism comprises a shell and a flexible coupling, a support seat is arranged inside the shell, the front end of the flexible coupling is used for installing a drill bit in an inclined rotating manner, the rear end of the flexible coupling is rotatably arranged on the support seat through a hollow shaft rod, a clutch structure is arranged in the shell, when a drilling track is adjusted, the rotary power of the hollow drill rod is transmitted to the shell of the pipe bending mechanism and is separated from the drill bit through the clutch structure, then the rotary drilling machine drives the hollow drill rod to rotate so as to drive the shell of the pipe bending mechanism to rotate by a rotating angle, and then the rotary power of the hollow drill rod is transmitted to the drill bit and is separated from the shell of the pipe bending mechanism through the clutch structure.
The clutch structure comprises a first spline body/a first spline sleeve arranged at the end part of the hollow shaft rod, the front end of the measurement-while-drilling annunciator is provided with the first spline body/the first spline sleeve matched with the first spline body, a second spline sleeve is arranged inside a shell used for mounting one end of the measurement-while-drilling annunciator, and a second spline body matched with the second spline sleeve is mounted on the measurement-while-drilling annunciator.
Or the clutch structure comprises a plurality of groups of telescopic supporting mechanisms which are axially arranged on the shell, the number of each group of telescopic supporting mechanisms is multiple, the telescopic supporting mechanisms are circumferentially arranged on the pipe wall of the measurement-while-drilling annunciator, pressure water is introduced into the measurement-while-drilling annunciator, and all the telescopic supporting mechanisms are uniformly changed by the water pressure provided by the pressure control mechanism to realize extension and retraction; the telescopic supporting mechanism comprises a guide hole which is arranged on the shell along the radial direction, a piston is arranged in the guide hole in a sliding manner, a supporting rod is arranged at the upper part of the piston, a supporting block is arranged at the outer end of the supporting rod, a sealing ring which plays a role in sealing and limiting is arranged at the outer end of the guide hole, and the supporting rod penetrates out of the sealing ring; a first through hole communicated with the guide hole is formed in the pipe wall of the measurement-while-drilling annunciator; the outer end of the guide hole is provided with an accommodating cavity for accommodating the retracted supporting block; the pressure control mechanism comprises a low-pressure normally-opened first high-pressure blocking valve arranged in the measurement-while-drilling annunciator, the first high-pressure blocking valve is positioned on the right side of all the first through holes, second through holes with the same number as that of each group of telescopic supporting mechanisms are formed in the pipe wall of the measurement-while-drilling annunciator positioned on the right side of the first high-pressure blocking valve, the upper sections of the guide holes of the corresponding groups of telescopic supporting mechanisms are respectively communicated with the corresponding second through holes through a high-pressure channel, and a low-pressure normally-closed second high-pressure blocking valve is arranged in the high-pressure channel and close to the second through holes; when the telescopic supporting mechanism needs to be in an extending state or a retracting state, low-pressure water or high-pressure water is correspondingly introduced into the measurement while drilling annunciator respectively.
As a further improvement of the invention, the shell adopts a bent shell with the angle consistent with the installation inclination angle of the drill bit; or the shell adopts a straight shell, and a guide sleeve matched with the installation rod of the drill bit is arranged in the front end of the straight shell.
As a further improvement of the invention, a hollow sliding sleeve shaft is arranged in the shell, a shaft shoulder is arranged at the front end of the measurement-while-drilling annunciator, the shaft shoulder is arranged in the sliding sleeve shaft in a sliding manner, and the second spline sleeve is arranged in the sliding sleeve shaft.
As a further improvement of the invention, the supporting seat is provided with a first bearing matched with the hollow shaft rod.
As a further improvement of the invention, a second bearing matched with the rod body of the measurement while drilling annunciator is arranged in the shell.
As a further improvement of the invention, the flexible coupling adopts a petal type universal coupling, a ball type universal coupling, a cross shaft type universal coupling, or a diaphragm coupling, or a bellows type coupling, or a flexible rope.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the application has at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the rotary drilling machine drilling track control method can effectively control the drilling track of the rotary drilling machine, ensures that the drilling track meets the requirement of a designed track, and makes the application of the rotary drilling machine in the field of directional drilling possible.
2. The drilling equipment adopts the rotary drilling machine as main equipment to replace the traditional expensive hole bottom motor directional drilling machine, not only can realize directional drilling, but also can adapt to more complex working conditions such as soft rock, soft coal bed, rock stratum with uneven hardness and the like due to the rotation of the drill rod when the drilling equipment performs drilling operation, has the advantages of large cutting force range adjusting space and avoiding hole collapse and drill holding under the soft geological working condition, and can greatly improve the effective power of the drilling machine.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the steps of a method for controlling a drilling path of a rotary drilling rig according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for controlling a drilling trajectory of a rotary drilling rig according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a drilling apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of the pipe bending mechanism according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic sectional view of another structure of the pipe bending mechanism of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
100. a rotary drilling machine body;
110. a measurement while drilling instrument;
120. a hollow drill rod;
121. a spiral chip groove;
130. a gyrator;
140. a pipe bending mechanism;
141. a housing;
142. a flexible coupling;
143. a supporting seat;
144. a second spline housing;
145. a second spline body;
146. a guide sleeve;
147. a sliding sleeve shaft;
148. a first bearing;
149. a second bearing;
150. a measurement while drilling annunciator;
151. a shaft shoulder;
160. a drill bit;
161. mounting a rod;
170. a groove;
180. a compression block;
200. a telescopic support mechanism;
210. a guide hole;
220. a piston;
230. a support bar;
240. a support block;
250. a seal ring;
260. a first through hole;
270. an accommodating chamber;
300. a pressure control mechanism;
310. a first high pressure blocking valve;
320. a second through hole;
330. a high pressure channel;
340. a second high pressure blocking valve.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to fig. 1 to 5 of the embodiments of the present invention. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention, are within the scope of the invention.
Referring to the attached drawings 1 and 2, the invention provides a drilling track control method of a rotary drilling machine, aiming at the problem that the drilling track is difficult to control when the ordinary rotary drilling machine is used for directional drilling, the drilling track can be effectively controlled only by upgrading and transforming the ordinary rotary drilling machine, and further the upgraded and transformed ordinary rotary drilling machine can complete the directional drilling effect of the directional drilling machine. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
drilling by a rotary drilling machine: the rotary drilling machine drives a drill bit which is rotatably arranged at the front end of the pipe bending mechanism to synchronously rotate and feed with the hollow drill rod, and the pipe bending mechanism synchronously feeds with the hollow drill rod but does not rotate with the hollow drill rod;
monitoring the drill bit: the measurement-while-drilling annunciator feeds back the position and posture information of the drill bit to the measurement-while-drilling instrument in real time;
judging and controlling a drilling track: the measurement while drilling instrument judges whether the drilling track of the drill bit exceeds the designed track range, and when the drilling track of the drill bit does not exceed the designed track range, the rotary drilling machine continues normal drilling operation; when the drilling track of the drill bit exceeds the range of the design track, the rotary power of the hollow drill rod is transmitted to the shell of the pipe bending mechanism and is separated from the drill bit through a clutch structure in the pipe bending mechanism, then the rotary drilling machine drives the hollow drill rod to rotate and then drives the shell of the pipe bending mechanism to rotate by an angle, so that the drilling track of the drill bit accords with the design track, then the rotary power of the hollow drill rod is transmitted to the drill bit and is separated from the shell of the pipe bending mechanism through the clutch structure in the pipe bending mechanism, and then the rotary drilling machine continues drilling;
and monitoring, judging and controlling the drilling track in real time in the drilling process until the whole directional drilling operation is completed.
In addition, the hollow drill rod is a drill rod with a spiral chip groove on the surface, so that slag chips generated in the drilling process are synchronously conveyed to one end of the rotary drilling machine by the spiral chip groove to be discharged. Certainly, in order to facilitate timely discharging of the slag chips generated in the drilling process, the method is not limited to the above scheme, and the following scheme may also be adopted: the upper part of the drill bit is provided with a nozzle which is communicated with the hollow drill rod through an internal pipeline, and when the rotary drilling machine drills, high-pressure fluid is injected from the rear end of the hollow drill rod and is sprayed out from the nozzle on the drill bit, so that slag chips generated in the drilling process are discharged to one end of the rotary drilling machine along the drill hole by the high-pressure fluid sprayed out from the nozzle.
The internal pipeline can adopt at least two schemes, wherein the first scheme is a pipeline formed by sequentially communicating a drill bit, a measurement-while-drilling annunciator and an inner hole of a hollow drill rod; the second scheme is that the high-pressure pipeline is freely rotated and arranged in inner holes of the drill bit, the measurement-while-drilling annunciator and the hollow drill rod in a penetrating mode, and the front end of the high-pressure pipeline is connected with the nozzle through a rotary joint. The internal pipeline in the first scheme is of an internal hollow structure which directly adopts a drill bit, a measurement annunciator and a hollow drill rod, so that the structure is simpler; and the second scheme is that an independent high-pressure pipeline arranged inside is adopted on the basis of utilizing the drill bit, the measuring annunciator and the internal hollow structure of the hollow drill rod, so that the reliability is higher, but the cost is relatively higher.
In addition, when the drilling track is judged and controlled, the design track parameters comprise hole depth, measurement depth, inclination angle and magnetic azimuth angle, the design track plane of the drilled hole is projected and displayed after the design track parameters are calculated, the drilling track parameters comprise the hole depth, the measurement depth, the inclination angle, the magnetic azimuth angle and the tool facing angle, the drilling track plane is projected and displayed after the drilling track parameters are received in real time and calculated by the measurement-while-drilling instrument, the drilling track plane and the design track plane are contrasted and analyzed by a worker, and whether the drilling track of the drill bit exceeds the design track range or not is judged by the measurement-while-drilling instrument.
In addition, as shown in fig. 3, the present invention also provides a drilling apparatus comprising:
the rotary drilling machine comprises a rotary drilling machine body 100 serving as main equipment, wherein a measurement while drilling instrument 110 is arranged on the rotary drilling machine body 100;
a hollow drill rod 120 mounted on a gyrator 130 of the rotary drill body 100;
a pipe bending mechanism 140, one end of which is installed at the front end of the hollow drill rod 120 through a measurement while drilling signal device 150 and the other end of which is used for installing a drill bit 160; during normal drilling, the gyrator 130 drives the drill bit 160 to synchronously rotate and feed with the hollow drill rod 120, and at the moment, the pipe bending mechanism 140 synchronously feeds with the hollow drill rod 120 but does not rotate with the hollow drill rod 120; when the drilling track is adjusted, the clutch structure in the pipe bending mechanism 140 enables the rotary power of the hollow drill rod 120 to be transmitted to the shell 141 of the pipe bending mechanism 140 and to be separated from the drill bit 160, then the rotary drilling machine drives the hollow drill rod 120 to rotate and further drives the shell 141 of the pipe bending mechanism 140 to rotate by a rotation angle, and then the clutch structure in the pipe bending mechanism 140 enables the rotary power of the hollow drill rod 120 to be transmitted to the drill bit 160 and to be separated from the shell 141 of the pipe bending mechanism 140 by the rotary power;
and the drill bit 160 is rotatably arranged at the front end of the pipe bending mechanism 140, and the axis of the drill bit 160 is obliquely arranged with the axis of the hollow drill rod 120.
When the existing rotary drilling machine drills deep holes, along with the increase of the hole depth, particularly when the hole depth reaches more than 70 meters, due to the self weight of a drill bit and the rigidity of the drill bit, when hard rocks are encountered in a coal seam, the deviation between a guide drilling track and a design track is too large, the deviation can occur in the drilling process, the guide drilling track cannot meet the design requirements, the existing hole bottom motor directional drilling machine needs to be provided with a high-pressure pump station, so that the cost is too high, in addition, the effective power of a hole bottom motor is not more than 300n.m because the diameter size of a drilled hole is limited due to the power provided by the hole bottom motor, the cutting force on a rock stratum with high hardness is insufficient, and the hole bottom motor directional drilling machine cannot rotate, so that the hole collapse and the hole holding drilling are easily caused when soft rocks and soft coal seams are encountered. This embodiment is through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, only need carry out above-mentioned upgrading to ordinary rotary drill, just can effective control creep into the orbit, and then make the directional drilling effect that the directional drill reached just can be accomplished to ordinary rotary drill after the upgrading is reformed transform, and simultaneously, because the main part equipment of adoption is ordinary rotary drill, when carrying out the drilling operation, the drilling rod is rotatory, can adapt to more complicated operating modes, for example soft rock, the inhomogeneous stratum of soft coal seam and hardness etc. have that the cutting force scope adjustment space is big and avoid the hole of collapsing to embrace the advantage of boring under the soft geology operating mode. Specifically, the solution of the present invention compares the equipment cost, drilling efficiency, hole bottom power (i.e., effective power) and hole forming rate of conventional rotary drilling machines and hole bottom motor directional drilling machines as follows:
in addition, as shown in fig. 3, the surface of the hollow drill rod 120 is provided with a spiral chip groove 121, so that the slag generated in the drilling process is synchronously conveyed to one end of the rotary drilling machine by the spiral chip groove to be discharged. Obviously, the structure for discharging the chip is not limited to the above, and other technical solutions are also possible, such as: the upper part of the drill bit 160 is provided with a nozzle which is communicated with the hollow drill rod 120 through an internal pipeline, and high-pressure fluid is injected into the rear end of the hollow drill rod 120; the internal pipeline is a pipeline formed by sequentially communicating a drill bit 160, a measurement while drilling annunciator 150 and an inner hole of the hollow drill rod 120; or, the internal pipeline is a high-pressure pipeline which is freely and rotatably arranged in the inner holes of the drill bit 160, the measurement-while-drilling annunciator 150 and the hollow drill rod 120 in a penetrating manner, and the front end of the high-pressure pipeline is connected with the nozzle through a rotary joint. The drill bit can also play a role in chip removal, and has strong chip removal capability and is not easy to collapse and hold the drill.
In addition, as shown in fig. 4, the tube bending mechanism 140 includes a housing 141 and a flexible coupling 142, a support base 143 is disposed inside the housing 141, a front end of the flexible coupling 142 is used for mounting the drill bit 160 in an inclined and rotating manner, a rear end of the flexible coupling 142 is rotatably disposed on the support base 143 through a hollow shaft, and a clutch structure is disposed in the housing 141, so that when a drilling trajectory is adjusted, the rotary power of the hollow drill rod 120 is transmitted to the housing 141 of the tube bending mechanism 140 and is disengaged from the drill bit 160 through the clutch structure, and then the rotary drilling machine drives the hollow drill rod 120 to rotate and further drives the housing 141 of the tube bending mechanism 140 to rotate by a rotation angle, and then the rotary power of the hollow drill rod 120 is transmitted to the drill bit 160 and is disengaged from the housing 141 of the tube bending mechanism 140 through the clutch structure.
The specific structure of the clutch structure is various, such as a plug-in type, a hydraulic type, a pneumatic type, or the like. One of the plug-in type clutch structures is shown in fig. 4, the clutch structure includes a first spline body/a first spline housing arranged at an end of a hollow shaft rod, a first spline housing/a first spline body matched with the first spline body/the first spline housing is arranged at a front end of the measurement-while-drilling annunciator 150, a second spline housing 144 is arranged inside a housing 141 for mounting one end of the measurement-while-drilling annunciator 150, and a second spline body 145 matched with the second spline housing 144 is mounted on the measurement-while-drilling annunciator 150; of course, the specific arrangement of the plug-in clutch structure is not limited to the above structure, and other plug-in clutch structures may also be used, for example, a clutch switching structure of a switching device for directional drilling of a drill bit is adopted in application No. CN 2022110005133. After the clutch structure adopts the structure as shown in fig. 4, when the drilling track is adjusted, the rotary drilling machine drives the hollow drill rod to retreat so that the rotary power of the hollow drill rod is transmitted to the pipe bending mechanism and separated from the drill bit, then the rotary drilling machine drives the hollow drill rod to rotate so as to drive the pipe bending mechanism to rotate by the angle, and then the rotary drilling machine drives the hollow drill rod to feed and move so that the rotary power of the hollow drill rod is transmitted to the drill bit and separated from the pipe bending mechanism.
In addition, the present invention is not limited to a plug-in clutch structure, and may also adopt a hydraulic clutch structure, specifically as shown in fig. 5, the clutch structure includes 2 sets of telescopic support mechanisms 200 (it is obvious that the number of the sets of the telescopic support mechanisms 200 is not limited to 2 sets, and may be other numbers) axially disposed on the housing 141, the number of each set of the telescopic support mechanisms 200 is 2, and the telescopic support mechanisms 200 are circumferentially disposed on the pipe wall of the hollow shaft rod (it is obvious that the number of each set of the telescopic support mechanisms 200 is not limited to 2, and may be other numbers), the interior of the hollow shaft rod is used for introducing pressurized water, and all the telescopic support mechanisms 200 are extended and retracted by the change of water pressure provided by the pressure control mechanism 300; the telescopic supporting mechanism 200 comprises a guide hole 210 arranged on the housing 141 along the radial direction, a piston 220 is arranged in the guide hole 210 in a sliding manner, a supporting rod 230 is arranged at the upper part of the piston 220, a supporting block 240 is arranged at the outer end of the supporting rod 230, a sealing ring 250 for sealing and limiting is arranged at the outer end of the guide hole 210, and the supporting rod 230 penetrates out of the sealing ring 250; a first through hole 260 communicated with the guide hole 210 is formed in the pipe wall of the hollow shaft rod; the outer end of the guide hole 210 is provided with an accommodating cavity 270 for accommodating the retracted supporting block 240; the pressure control mechanism 300 comprises a first high-pressure blocking valve 310 which is arranged in the hollow shaft and is normally opened at low pressure, the first high-pressure blocking valve 310 is positioned at the right side of all the first through holes 260, second through holes 320 which are the same as the number of each group of telescopic supporting mechanisms 200 are arranged on the pipe wall of the hollow shaft positioned at the right side of the first high-pressure blocking valve 310, the upper sections of the guide holes 210 of the corresponding groups of telescopic supporting mechanisms 200 are respectively communicated with the corresponding second through holes 320 through a high-pressure channel 330, and a second high-pressure blocking valve 340 which is normally closed at low pressure is arranged in the high-pressure channel 330 and is close to the second through holes 320; when the telescopic supporting mechanism 200 needs to be in an extended state or a retracted state, low-pressure water or high-pressure water is correspondingly introduced into the hollow shaft rod respectively. A groove 170 is formed in the housing 141 on the left side of the second through hole 320, the outer side of the groove 170 is communicated with the high-pressure channel 330, and a pressing block 180 is slidably arranged in the groove 170. After the clutch structure adopts the structure shown in fig. 5, when low-pressure water is filled in the drill rod, the hollow drill rod rotates at high speed to drive the flexible coupling, the flexible coupling drives the drill bit to rotate, the low-pressure water is directly communicated with the drill bit through the first high-pressure blocking valve in a normally open state, and meanwhile, the low-pressure water can enable the telescopic supporting mechanism to extend out of the hole wall to tightly support the hole wall, so that the shell cannot rotate, and normal drilling is realized; when the drilling track is adjusted, the drilling machine stops drilling, high-pressure water is introduced into the hollow drill rod, the first high-pressure blocking valve is closed and the second high-pressure blocking valve is opened under the action of continuous high-pressure water, the high-pressure water turns to enable the telescopic supporting mechanism to retract through the high-pressure channel, meanwhile, the hollow shaft rod and the shell are tightly held by the piston (meanwhile, the high-pressure water applies pressure to the pressing block to further tightly hold the hollow shaft rod and the shell), at the moment, the drilling machine is started to drive the hollow shaft rod and the shell to rotate at a slow speed for a certain set angle, and accurate turning is completed.
As shown in fig. 4, the housing 141 is a straight housing, and a guide sleeve 146 that is engaged with the mounting rod 161 of the drill 160 is provided inside the front end of the straight housing. Of course, the housing 141 is a curved housing having an angle corresponding to the installation inclination angle of the drill bit 160.
In addition, as shown in fig. 4, a hollow sliding sleeve shaft 147 is provided in the housing 141, a shoulder 151 is provided at the front end of the measurement-while-drilling annunciator 150, the shoulder 151 is slidably provided in the sliding sleeve shaft 147 to function as a guide, and the second spline sleeve 144 is provided inside the sliding sleeve shaft 147.
In addition, as shown in fig. 4, a first bearing 148 matched with the shaft rod is arranged on the supporting seat 143.
In addition, as shown in fig. 4, a second bearing 149 matched with the rod body of the measurement while drilling annunciator 150 is arranged in the housing 141.
As shown in fig. 4, the flexible coupling 142 is a universal joint pin type coupling or a diaphragm coupling, but it is obvious that the flexible coupling is not limited thereto, and other couplings capable of achieving angular displacement of both end shafts may be used, such as a petal type coupling, a ball type coupling, a diaphragm type coupling, a bellows type coupling, or a flexible rope.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A drilling track control method of a rotary drilling machine is characterized by comprising the following steps:
drilling by a rotary drilling machine: the rotary drilling machine drives a drill bit which is rotatably arranged at the front end of the pipe bending mechanism to synchronously rotate and feed with the hollow drill rod, and the pipe bending mechanism synchronously feeds with the hollow drill rod but does not rotate with the hollow drill rod;
monitoring the drill bit: the measurement-while-drilling annunciator feeds back the position and posture information of the drill bit to the measurement-while-drilling instrument in real time;
judging and controlling a drilling track: the measurement while drilling instrument judges whether the drilling track of the drill bit exceeds the designed track range, and when the drilling track of the drill bit does not exceed the designed track range, the rotary drilling machine continues normal drilling operation; when the drilling track of the drill bit exceeds the range of the design track, the rotary power of the hollow drill rod is transmitted to the shell of the pipe bending mechanism and is separated from the drill bit through a clutch structure in the pipe bending mechanism, then the rotary drilling machine drives the hollow drill rod to rotate and then drives the shell of the pipe bending mechanism to rotate by an angle, so that the drilling track of the drill bit accords with the design track, then the rotary power of the hollow drill rod is transmitted to the drill bit and is separated from the shell of the pipe bending mechanism through the clutch structure in the pipe bending mechanism, and then the rotary drilling machine continues drilling;
and monitoring, judging and controlling the drilling track in real time in the drilling process until the whole directional drilling operation is finished.
2. The method for controlling the drilling path of the rotary drilling rig according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the hollow drill rod is provided with a spiral chip groove, and slag chips generated in the drilling process are synchronously conveyed to one end of the rotary drilling rig by the spiral chip groove to be discharged.
3. The method for controlling the drilling path of the rotary drilling rig according to claim 1, wherein the upper portion of the drill bit is provided with a nozzle which is communicated with the hollow drill rod through an internal pipeline, and when the rotary drilling rig drills, high-pressure fluid is injected from the rear end of the hollow drill rod and is sprayed out from the nozzle on the drill bit, so that slag chips generated in the drilling process are discharged to one end of the rotary drilling rig along the drill hole by the high-pressure fluid sprayed out from the nozzle.
4. The method for controlling the drilling track of the rotary drilling rig according to claim 3, wherein the internal pipeline is a pipeline formed by sequentially communicating a drill bit, a measurement while drilling annunciator and an inner hole of a hollow drill rod; or the internal pipeline adopts a high-pressure pipeline which is freely rotatably arranged in the inner holes of the drill bit, the measurement-while-drilling annunciator and the hollow drill rod in a penetrating manner, and the front end of the high-pressure pipeline is connected with the nozzle through a rotary joint.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the design trajectory parameters include hole depth, measurement depth, inclination angle and magnetic azimuth angle, the design trajectory plane of the drilled hole is projected and displayed after the calculation of the design trajectory parameters, the drilling trajectory parameters include hole depth, measurement depth, inclination angle, magnetic azimuth angle and tool face angle, the drilling trajectory plane is projected and displayed after the calculation of the drilling trajectory parameters received in real time by the measurement while drilling machine, the drilling trajectory plane and the design trajectory plane are contrasted and analyzed by the operator, and whether the drilling trajectory of the drill bit exceeds the design trajectory range is determined by the measurement while drilling machine.
6. A drilling apparatus, comprising:
the rotary drilling machine body (100) is used as main equipment, and the rotary drilling machine body (100) is provided with a measurement while drilling instrument (110);
a hollow drill rod (120) mounted on a gyrator (130) of a rotary drill body (100);
the pipe bending mechanism (140) is arranged at the front end of the hollow drill rod (120) through a measurement while drilling annunciator (150) at one end and is used for installing a drill bit (160) at the other end; when the drill bit is normally drilled, the gyrator (130) drives the drill bit (160) to synchronously rotate and feed with the hollow drill rod (120), and at the moment, the pipe bending mechanism (140) synchronously feeds with the hollow drill rod (120) but does not rotate with the hollow drill rod (120); when the drilling track is adjusted, the rotary power of the hollow drill rod (120) is transmitted to the shell of the pipe bending mechanism (140) and is separated from the drill bit (160) through the clutch structure in the pipe bending mechanism (140), then the rotary drilling machine drives the hollow drill rod (120) to rotate so as to drive the shell of the pipe bending mechanism (140) to rotate by a rotating angle, and then the rotary power of the hollow drill rod (120) is transmitted to the drill bit (160) and is separated from the shell of the pipe bending mechanism (140) through the clutch structure in the pipe bending mechanism (140);
the drill bit (160) is rotatably arranged at the front end of the pipe bending mechanism (140), and the axis of the drill bit (160) and the axis of the hollow drill rod (120) are arranged in an inclined mode.
7. The drilling equipment as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the pipe bending mechanism (140) comprises a housing (141) and a flexible coupling (142), a support seat (143) is arranged inside the housing (141), the front end of the flexible coupling (142) is used for installing the drill bit (160) in an inclined and rotating manner, the rear end of the flexible coupling (142) is rotatably arranged on the support seat (143) through a hollow shaft rod, a clutch structure is arranged in the housing (141), when the drilling track is adjusted, the rotary power of the hollow drill rod (120) is transmitted to the housing (141) of the pipe bending mechanism (140) and is separated from the drill bit (160) through the clutch structure, then the rotary drilling machine drives the hollow drill rod (120) to rotate and then drives the housing (141) of the pipe bending mechanism (140) to rotate by an angle, and then the rotary power of the hollow drill rod (120) is transmitted to the drill bit (160) and is separated from the housing of the pipe bending mechanism (140) through the clutch structure.
8. The drilling apparatus as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the housing (141) is a curved housing with an angle corresponding to the installation inclination angle of the drill bit (160); or the shell (141) is a straight shell, and a guide sleeve (146) matched with the mounting rod (161) of the drill bit (160) is arranged in the front end of the straight shell.
9. The drilling apparatus as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the drill bit (160) is provided with a nozzle at the upper part, the nozzle is communicated with the hollow drill rod (120) through an internal pipeline, and the rear end of the hollow drill rod (120) is injected with high-pressure fluid; the internal pipeline is a pipeline formed by sequentially communicating a drill bit (160), a measurement while drilling annunciator (150) and the inner hole of the hollow drill rod (120); or the internal pipeline adopts a high-pressure pipeline which is freely and rotatably arranged in the inner holes of the drill bit (160), the measurement-while-drilling annunciator (150) and the hollow drill rod (120) in a penetrating way, and the front end of the high-pressure pipeline is connected with the nozzle through a rotary joint.
10. The drilling apparatus as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the surface of the hollow drill rod (120) is provided with helical flutes (121) for simultaneous transport of the cuttings to one end of the rotary drill for discharge during drilling.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211229079.6A CN115584959A (en) | 2022-10-09 | 2022-10-09 | Rotary drilling machine drilling track control method and drilling equipment |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211229079.6A CN115584959A (en) | 2022-10-09 | 2022-10-09 | Rotary drilling machine drilling track control method and drilling equipment |
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| CN115584959A true CN115584959A (en) | 2023-01-10 |
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| CN202211229079.6A Pending CN115584959A (en) | 2022-10-09 | 2022-10-09 | Rotary drilling machine drilling track control method and drilling equipment |
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Application publication date: 20230110 |