CN115542392A - Underground fault automatic detection method and device based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing - Google Patents
Underground fault automatic detection method and device based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an underground fault automatic detection method and device based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing, which can be applied to the technical field of underground fault detection and the technical field of seismic analysis. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring seismic data recorded by a fiber optic seismograph, wherein optical fibers of the fiber optic seismograph are distributed in an area of an underground fault to be identified; carrying out frequency wave number filtering on the seismic data to obtain scattered wave data with direct wave signal data and noise signal data filtered; determining the scattering intensity of all scattered waves in a oscillogram of the scattered wave data by using a tracing window; integrating the scattering intensity in a time domain to obtain an integration result; and determining the position of the underground fault according to the integration result and the optical fiber distribution of the optical fiber seismograph.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of underground fault detection technology and seismic analysis technology, and more particularly, to an underground fault automatic detection method and apparatus based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing, an electronic device, and a storage medium.
Background
The underground fault is a source of earthquake occurrence, and when earthquake disasters occur, the underground fault suddenly and rapidly moves to form strong ground motion and surface fracture deformation, so that most houses along the line are seriously damaged or collapsed, and great threat is brought to human life and property. During urban construction, underground fault distribution is found out in advance, building construction is carried out outside the safe avoidance distance, and disaster risks caused by underground fault activities can be remarkably reduced.
In implementing the disclosed concept, the inventors found that there are at least the following problems in the related art: in the related art, the method of detecting the position of the subsurface fault requires complicated data processing, takes a long time, and is not widespread.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present disclosure provides a method, an apparatus, an electronic device, and a storage medium for automatically detecting an underground fault based on distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing.
One aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for automatically detecting an underground fault based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing, including:
acquiring seismic data recorded by a fiber-optic seismograph, wherein optical fibers of the fiber-optic seismograph are distributed in an area of an underground fault to be identified;
carrying out frequency wave number filtering on the seismic data to obtain scattered wave data with direct wave signal data and noise signal data filtered;
determining the scattering intensity of all scattered waves in a oscillogram of the scattered wave data by using a tracing window;
integrating the scattering intensity in a time domain to obtain an integration result; and
and determining the position of the underground fault according to the integration result and the optical fiber distribution of the optical fiber seismograph.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, before the frequency wave number filtering is performed on the seismic data to obtain the scattered wave data from which the direct wave signal data and the noise signal data are filtered, the method further includes:
determining shock noise data in the seismic data, wherein the shock noise data is noise data caused by non-seismic waves;
shock noise data in the seismic data is modified to eliminate the effect of the shock noise data.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein determining shock noise data in seismic data comprises:
selecting a predetermined amount of reference data according to the position of each sampling point of the seismic data;
and under the condition that the ratio of the strain rate amplitude of the seismic data of the sampling point to the strain rate amplitude of the reference data is larger than a preset threshold value, determining the seismic data of the sampling point as shock wave noise data.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein modifying shock noise data in seismic data to eliminate the effect of shock noise data, comprises:
and modifying the shock wave noise data in the seismic data based on the seismic data acquired at the sampling points adjacent to the shock wave noise data to eliminate the influence of the shock wave noise data.
According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, determining the scattering intensity of all scattered waves in the oscillogram of the scattered wave data by using the tracing pane includes:
determining all scattering sources in a oscillogram of the scattering wave data by using a tracing pane;
for each scattering source:
obliquely superposing other scattering sources on two sides of the scattering source according to a preset apparent velocity to obtain two column vectors representing unidirectional propagation of a scattering wave field;
the scattering intensity of the scattered wave is determined based on the dot product of the two column vectors.
According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the frequency-wave number filtering the seismic data to obtain the scattered wave data from which the direct wave signal data and the noise signal data are filtered includes:
transforming the seismic data in the range-time domain into the frequency-wavenumber domain by fourier transform;
filtering direct wave signals and noise signals in the seismic data by using preset parameters to obtain scattered wave data in a frequency wave number domain;
and inversely transforming the scattered wave data in the frequency-wave-number domain to obtain scattered wave data in the distance-time domain.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, before transforming the seismic data in the distance-time domain into the frequency-wavenumber domain by fourier transform, the method further comprises:
carrying out normalization processing on the seismic data to obtain normalized seismic data;
waveform pinch-out is performed on the edge waveform of the waveform map of the normalized seismic data to reduce artifacts arising from the edge waveform.
Another aspect of the present disclosure provides an automatic underground fault detection device based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing, including:
the system comprises an acquisition module, a detection module and a control module, wherein the acquisition module is used for acquiring seismic data recorded by a fiber optic seismograph, and optical fibers of the fiber optic seismograph are distributed in an area of an underground fault to be identified;
the first obtaining module is used for carrying out frequency wave number filtering on the seismic data to obtain scattered wave data with direct wave signal data and noise signal data filtered;
the first determining module is used for determining the scattering intensity of all scattered waves in a oscillogram of the scattered wave data by utilizing the tracing pane;
the second obtaining module is used for integrating the scattering intensity in a time domain to obtain an integration result;
and the second determination module is used for determining the position of the underground fault according to the integration result and the optical fiber distribution of the optical fiber seismograph.
Another aspect of the present disclosure provides an electronic device including: one or more processors; and a memory for storing one or more programs, wherein when the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the method for automatically detecting underground faults based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing.
Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon executable instructions, which when executed by a processor, cause the processor to execute the above-mentioned method for automatic detection of subsurface faults based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the seismic data recorded by the fiber-optic seismographs are acquired, wherein the optical fibers of the fiber-optic seismographs are distributed in the area of the underground fault to be identified; carrying out frequency wave number filtering on the seismic data to obtain scattered wave data with direct wave signal data and noise signal data filtered; determining the scattering intensity of all scattered waves in a oscillogram of the scattered wave data by using a tracing window; integrating the scattering intensity in a time domain to obtain an integration result; according to the integration result and the optical fiber distribution of the optical fiber seismograph, the technical means for determining the position of the underground fault can determine the scattering intensity of all scattered waves by utilizing a traceable pane according to the scattered wave data of filtering direct wave signal data and noise signal data without complex data processing, and further determine the position of the underground fault in the optical fiber distribution range of the optical fiber seismograph according to the scattering intensity of the scattered waves.
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The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following description of the embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a flow chart of a method for automatic detection of subsurface faults based on distributed fiber optic acoustic sensing, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a schematic diagram of a waveform plot of seismic data recorded by a fiber optic seismograph;
FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a diagram of the morphology of the traceback pane in a waveform diagram of seismic data;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the scattering intensity of scattered waves and the integration results in seismic data for a single seismic event;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the scattering intensity of scattered waves and the integration results in seismic data for a plurality of seismic events;
FIG. 6 schematically illustrates a diagram of seismic data being filtered by conversion from the range time domain to the frequency wavenumber domain;
FIG. 7 schematically illustrates a block diagram of an apparatus for automatic detection of subsurface faults based on distributed fiber optic acoustic wave sensing, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; and
fig. 8 schematically illustrates a block diagram of an electronic device suitable for implementing the above-described distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing-based automatic detection method of subsurface faults, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these descriptions are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In the following detailed description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the disclosure. It may be evident, however, that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present disclosure.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. The terms "comprises," "comprising," and the like, as used herein, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.
All terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art unless otherwise defined. It is noted that the terms used herein should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with the context of this specification and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense.
Where a convention analogous to "at least one of A, B, and C, etc." is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those instances where a convention analogous to "at least one of A, B, or C, etc." is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, or C" would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.).
The earthquake is caused by the rapid release of energy from the medium inside the earth's crust, and part of the released energy propagates and diffuses in the form of elastic waves, i.e. seismic waves. Seismic waves can be divided into two types, namely body waves and surface waves (L waves), wherein the body waves comprise shear waves (S waves) and longitudinal waves (P waves).
The underground fault is a structure in which the earth crust is broken by stress and the rock masses on two sides of the broken surface are subjected to obvious relative displacement, and the physical properties such as seismic wave velocity, rheological property and the like of the medium in the underground fault can be changed. When seismic waves pass through an underground fault, the underground fault appears as a scatterer due to local heterogeneity, so that the scattering of body waves to surface waves causes strong damage to buildings and the like.
In the related art, one method of identifying subsurface faults is a geological survey method, which is generally a method of dispatching a geological survey team to perform surface observation on the ground, and which is high in labor cost and difficult to find small faults and blind faults. In other imaging methods for blind faults, different respective defects also exist, such as a tomography method, the resolution is too low to image small faults; the method for drawing the 3D seismogram by the active source has high cost and is not suitable for large-scale general investigation.
Due to the fact that the frequency of scattered waves of the underground fault is high and the attenuation speed is high, the signals are difficult to capture by the traditional seismic instrument. As a new technology, the distributed fiber seismograph sets common fibers as a dense array for detecting the axial strain rate of the earth surface, and can observe fault scattering signals due to high spatial frequency. In addition, the amplitude amplification effect of the fracture zone medium on the strain rate is far greater than the amplification effect on the velocity field detected by the traditional seismograph, and an advantage condition is provided for the distributed optical fiber sampling fault scattering signal, so that the underground fault detection method is developed. The recording of distributed fiber optic data typically uses background noise interferometry and backprojection methods to detect and pinpoint subsurface faults, but such methods still require complex data processing by researchers, are time consuming, and are not easily popularized. Therefore, an underground fault detection method which is simple, convenient and quick, has equal detection capability on small faults and blind faults, is low in cost and is convenient to popularize is needed.
In view of this, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide an automatic underground fault detection method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing. The method comprises the steps of obtaining seismic data recorded by a fiber optic seismograph, wherein optical fibers of the fiber optic seismograph are distributed in an area of an underground fault to be identified; carrying out frequency wave number filtering on the seismic data to obtain scattered wave data with direct wave signal data and noise signal data filtered; determining the scattering intensity of all scattered waves in a oscillogram of the scattered wave data by using a tracing window; integrating the scattering intensity in a time domain to obtain an integration result; and determining the position of the underground fault according to the integral result and the optical fiber distribution of the optical fiber seismograph.
Fig. 1 schematically shows a flow chart of a method for automatic detection of subsurface faults based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 1, the method includes operations S101 to S105.
In operation S101, seismic data recorded by a fiber optic seismograph is acquired, wherein optical fibers of the fiber optic seismograph are distributed over an area of a subsurface fault to be identified.
According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the fiber optic seismographs may be distributed fiber optic seismographs. The total length of a distributed fiber optic seismograph is generally ten to tens of kilometers, and is often in a linear distribution. In areas where seismic disasters are frequent, the fiber of a distributed fiber optic seismometer may intersect multiple known or unknown faults. After the earthquake occurs, the seismic waves are detected by the fiber optic seismograph through the region, thereby generating seismic data.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, an earthquake occurring each time can be recorded as one earthquake event, the earthquake data can be data obtained by detecting one earthquake event or data obtained by detecting a plurality of earthquake events, and in order to reduce interference of human activity noise signals (such as traffic noise) under the condition of selecting a plurality of earthquake events, the earthquake events occurring at night can be screened out, for example, the earthquake event from 23 nights. Furthermore, manual screening for events with high signal-to-noise ratios also helps to produce optimal detection results, but is not limited thereto.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the optical fiber of the optical fiber seismograph can be used as a sampling point at intervals, the time and the position of seismic waves passing through the optical fiber sampling point can be recorded in seismic data, and the optical fiber of one sampling point can be provided with a plurality of channels for sampling.
According to embodiments of the present disclosure, there are strong low velocity anomalies within the medium of a subsurface fault that cause seismic body waves to scatter as surface waves as secondary sources when they pass through. The strain rate of the distributed optical fiber on the earth surface is measured in the magnitude of meters, and the distributed optical fiber belongs to a dense array. The characteristic of high spatial sampling rate of the optical fiber seismograph enables the detection capability of the optical fiber seismograph on earth surface high-frequency signals to be remarkably improved compared with that of a traditional seismograph, and high-quality fault scattered waves can be recorded. The fault-scattered wave field in the line-type fiber recording exhibits a "herringbone" character.
FIG. 2 schematically shows a schematic representation of a waveform plot of seismic data recorded by a fiber optic seismograph.
As shown in fig. 2, the seismic event is seismic data recorded by a 10km long distributed fiber deployed somewhere. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the apparent seismic phase of the first arrival is a P-wave (at about 7-8S) and the apparent seismic phase of the second arrival is an S-wave (at about 8.5-10S). The three parts outlined by the square frames in fig. 2 are three distinct scattered wave fields excited by the P-wave and S-wave coda waves, and are in a herringbone shape on the waveform diagram. Such scatter signals are inferred to emanate from subsurface faults.
In operation S102, frequency-wave number filtering is performed on the seismic data to obtain scattered wave data from which direct wave signal data and noise signal data are filtered.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the seismic waves in the seismic data can be subjected to Wave field analysis and separation through Frequency Wave-number (abbreviated as FK filtering), the Wave field of the seismic waves is filtered from three dimensions of Frequency, wave number and apparent velocity, direct Wave signals and noise signals are weakened, and scattered Wave data emitted by the underground fault is obtained.
In operation S103, the scattering intensities of all scattered waves are determined in the oscillogram of the scattered wave data using the tracing pane.
According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a prestack migration technique in seismic exploration can localize a reflected wave in a common shot gather record to a reflection interface and converge the diffracted wave to the diffraction point from which it originated. By means of the thought of a migration method and strictly based on physical essence, a variable slope inclined tracing pane comprehensively measuring duration, symmetry and phase consistency is provided to trace scattered waves emitted by underground faults. The oscillogram of the scattered wave data is recorded according to the time and the position of the optical fiber, so that the source tracing pane can take the time and the position of the oscillogram as a scale.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the scattering intensity of the scattered wave can be obtained according to the scattered wave in the tracing pane.
In operation S104, the scattering intensity is integrated over a time domain to obtain an integration result.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the scattering intensity of the scattered wave can be integrated in a time domain to obtain an integration result, and the integration result can represent the scattering wave intensity distribution of the underground fault of the region of the underground fault to be identified according to the propagation characteristics of the seismic wave in the underground fault.
In operation S105, a location of the subsurface fault is determined according to the integration result and the fiber distribution of the fiber optic seismograph.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the position where the scattered wave is strong in the integration result can be caused by the underground fault, and the optical fiber position corresponding to the position of the scattered wave is determined according to the optical fiber distribution of the optical fiber seismograph and is determined as the position of the underground fault.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the seismic data recorded by the fiber-optic seismographs are acquired, wherein the optical fibers of the fiber-optic seismographs are distributed in the area of the underground fault to be identified; carrying out frequency wave number filtering on the seismic data to obtain scattered wave data with direct wave signal data and noise signal data filtered; determining the scattering intensity of all scattered waves in a oscillogram of the scattered wave data by using a tracing pane; integrating the scattering intensity in a time domain to obtain an integration result; according to the integration result and the optical fiber distribution of the optical fiber seismograph, the technical means for determining the position of the underground fault can determine the scattering intensity of all scattered waves by utilizing a traceable pane according to the scattered wave data of filtering direct wave signal data and noise signal data without complex data processing, and further determine the position of the underground fault in the optical fiber distribution range of the optical fiber seismograph according to the scattering intensity of the scattered waves.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, before the frequency wave number filtering is performed on the seismic data to obtain the scattered wave data from which the direct wave signal data and the noise signal data are filtered, the method further includes:
determining shock noise data in the seismic data, wherein the shock noise data is noise data caused by non-seismic waves;
shock noise data in the seismic data is modified to eliminate the effect of the shock noise data.
According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, in the waveform of the seismic data, there may be a waveform in which an abnormality suddenly occurs, which may be caused by an animal such as a mouse, an insect, or the like suddenly passing near the optical fiber, or may be caused by the optical fiber seismometer itself, and we define these noise data not caused by seismic waves as shock wave noise data.
In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, seismic data is analyzedUniformly considering data of all channels of a certain sampling point, and defining the regional deviation of each point
d 1 ，d 2 The absolute values of the difference between the sampling point and the seismic data of the left and right adjacent sampling points are respectively. The 3 sigma principle is often used in statistics, and abnormal values are measured by taking three standard deviations above and below a statistical mean as a threshold. We refer to its idea to introduce a robust measure that is more adaptive to outliers in the dataset than the standard Deviation, i.e. the Absolute Median Deviation (MAD). And marking data points of which the area deviation d is 5 times greater than the median of the area deviation as abnormal values, automatically adjusting and screening the abnormal values in the seismic data according to the characteristics of single-channel appearance and no continuity of the shock wave noise data, determining the shock wave noise data, and modifying the shock wave noise data into values which do not influence underground faults, thereby eliminating the influence of the shock wave noise data.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein determining shock noise data in seismic data comprises:
selecting a predetermined amount of reference data according to the position of each sampling point of the seismic data;
and under the condition that the ratio of the strain rate amplitude of the seismic data of the sampling point to the strain rate amplitude of the reference data is larger than a preset threshold value, determining the seismic data of the sampling point as shock wave noise data.
According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the predetermined number may be 5 tracks, for example, for the position of the sampling point, the same sampling point of the left and right 5 tracks may be selected to form a set of reference data.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the seismic data of the sampling point can be divided by the strain rate amplitude of the maximum value in the reference data to obtain a ratio, the predetermined threshold value can be set to be 2, and in the case that the ratio is greater than 2, the seismic data of the sampling point is determined as shock wave noise data, that is, the strain rate amplitude of the sampling point is greater than 2 times of the maximum value in the reference data set.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, in the case that the position of the sampling point cannot be selected from a predetermined number of positions, the data of the sampling point may be discarded because the optical fiber is generally widely distributed, and the interval between the sampling points is generally one meter, which generally does not cause any influence.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein modifying shock noise data in seismic data to eliminate the effect of shock noise data, comprises:
and modifying the shock wave noise data in the seismic data based on the seismic data acquired at the sampling point adjacent to the shock wave noise data to eliminate the influence of the shock wave noise data.
According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, in the case of determining shock noise data, data of sampling points adjacent to the sampling point of the shock noise data may be acquired, and interpolation may be performed in place of the measurement value of the shock noise data.
According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, determining the scattering intensity of all scattered waves in the oscillogram of the scattered wave data by using the tracing pane includes:
determining all scattering sources in a oscillogram of the scattered wave data by using a tracing window;
for each scattering source:
obliquely superposing other scattering sources on two sides of the scattering source according to a preset apparent velocity to obtain two column vectors representing unidirectional propagation of a scattering wave field;
the scattering intensity of the scattered wave is determined based on the dot product of the two column vectors.
FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a diagram of the morphology of the traceback pane in a waveform diagram of seismic data.
As shown in fig. 3, the tracing window uses a certain point on the oscillogram as an assumed scattering source, and in the stage that the bulk wave tail wave reaches the optical fiber, the time duration of the scattering source continuously scattering the surface wave outwards is set to be t, and the number n of sampling points is set t ＝d t *f s Wherein d is t Intervals of sampling points, f s Setting the propagation distance of the scattering surface wave towards two sides in the axial direction of the optical fiber at the attenuation front edge as x for sampling frequency, and detecting the number of channels n of the scattering surface wave on each side x ＝x/d x ，d x The channel spacing of the same sampling point. Restricting the apparent velocity of the scattering surface wave within a certain range (generally 100-1000 m/s), and selecting n after the scattering of a scattering source starts t Sampling points for right and left n scattering sources x And (3) obliquely superposing the wave field data recorded by each channel according to a certain assumed apparent velocity to obtain two column vectors representing the unidirectional propagation of the scattering wave field. The result of the dot multiplication of these two column vectors characterizing the one-way propagation of the scattered wave field is taken as the scattering intensity of the scattered wave at the assumed apparent velocity. And traversing the apparent velocity of the scattering wave within the constraint range, and searching the tracing result with the highest scattering intensity as the scattering intensity of the point.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, after seismic data points with the same width as a tracing pane are expanded on two sides of a oscillogram of the seismic data, the tracing pane is used for scanning the scattered wave data subjected to frequency wave number filtering to obtain the scattering intensity of a single seismic event. As shown in fig. 4.
FIG. 4 schematically shows a plot of the scattering intensity and integration results for scattered waves in seismic data for a single seismic event.
As shown in FIG. 4, a scatter intensity plot 401 shows the scatter intensity of scattered waves in seismic data of a single seismic event, and an integration results plot 402 shows the integration results over time from the scatter intensity plot 401. In the integrated results plot 402, three significant peaks are shown, inferred as three subsurface faults where the region intersects the fiber. According to the time information from the body wave to the optical fiber sampling point in the seismic data, the seismic waveforms in the range of the P-wave tail wave and the S-wave tail wave can be scanned respectively, and the scattering intensity distribution of the two types of body wave tail waves with stronger analyzability is obtained.
FIG. 5 schematically shows a plot of the scattering intensity of scattered waves versus the integration results in seismic data for a plurality of seismic events.
As shown in fig. 5, a scattering intensity map 501 shows scattering intensities of scattered waves in seismic data of 154 times of seismic events, which are the same as the sampling points of the seismic data of a single seismic event in fig. 4, and an integration result map 502 shows integration results in a time domain according to the scattering intensity map 501. In the integrated results plot 502, three prominent peaks are also shown, and three subsurface faults are inferred for the region intersecting the fiber optic, the location of the three subsurface faults substantially corresponding to the results of the geological bureau quaternary fault and fold database in the region, consistent with a seismic study for the same region.
By combining the results of fig. 4 and fig. 5, it can be known that the position of the underground fault obtained by the method for detecting the underground fault provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is true and accurate, and is consistent with the reality, and the method also has certain precision and reliability for determining the position of the underground fault according to the seismic data of a single seismic event with good data quality; the detection is carried out by using multiple seismic events in the data set, so that a more accurate and smooth result can be obtained; the small standard deviation of the detection result shows that the method has good robustness and stability.
According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the frequency-wave number filtering the seismic data to obtain the scattered wave data from which the direct wave signal data and the noise signal data are filtered includes:
transforming the seismic data in the range-time domain into the frequency-wavenumber domain by fourier transform;
filtering direct wave signals and noise signals in the seismic data by using preset parameters to obtain scattered wave data in a frequency wave number domain;
and (5) inversely transforming the scattered wave data in the frequency-wave number domain to obtain scattered wave data in the distance-time domain.
According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the elastic wave field exists in two expressions of a distance-time (x-t) domain and a frequency-wavenumber (f-k) domain, which are equivalent and can be transformed with each other. For seismic data measured at equal intervals through distributed optical fibers, the wavefonn is a discrete x-t domain wavefield.
FIG. 6 schematically illustrates a diagram of the conversion of seismic data from the range time domain to the frequency wavenumber domain for filtering.
As shown in fig. 6, the initial distance-time domain waveform map 601 may be transformed from the x-t domain into the initial frequency-wavenumber domain spectrogram 602 using a two-dimensional fast fourier transform. In the frequency spectrum of the f-k domain of the initial frequency wavenumber domain spectrogram 602, the horizontal axis corresponds to the frequency of seismic waves and the vertical axis corresponds to the wavenumber of the seismic waves. Since the wave number k =2 pi/λ and the wave velocity v = λ · f =2 pi f/λ, the slope of the f-k spectrum corresponds to the apparent velocity of the seismic wave in the axial direction of the fiber. The signals to be filtered can be set to zero by self-defining parameters or default parameters, that is, the direct wave signals and the noise signals in the seismic data are filtered by using preset parameters to obtain a target frequency wave number domain spectrogram 603, and then the target frequency wave number domain spectrogram 603 in the frequency wave number domain is subjected to inverse transformation back to an x-t domain to obtain a target distance time domain waveform diagram 604 in which the direct waves and the noise signals are filtered and scattered waves are reserved.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the direct wave signals and the noise signals in the seismic data are filtered, so that the influence of the direct wave signals and the noise signals on the determination of the position of the underground fault can be effectively eliminated, and the position of the underground fault can be accurately determined.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, before transforming the seismic data in the distance-time domain into the frequency-wavenumber domain by fourier transform, the method further comprises:
carrying out normalization processing on the seismic data to obtain normalized seismic data;
waveform pinch-out is performed on the edge waveform of the oscillogram of the normalized seismic data to reduce artifacts due to the edge waveform.
In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, to reduce the amount of computation, seismic data may be normalized prior to being transformed into the frequency-wavenumber domain by fourier transformation to obtain normalized seismic data, e.g., the data may be normalized using a Z-score (Z-score) method to obtain normalized seismic data.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, since the edge value of the waveform diagram of the normalized seismic data may be large, thereby causing a false signal to appear, the edge waveform of the waveform diagram of the normalized seismic data may be subjected to waveform pinch-out. For example, the waveform pinch-out can be performed on the upper and lower side (time domain) edges and the left and right side (space domain) edges of the waveform map using 1/2 cosine functions, respectively.
Fig. 7 schematically shows a block diagram of a distributed fiber optic acoustic wave sensing based automatic detection apparatus of subsurface faults according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 7, the automatic underground fault detection device 700 based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing comprises an acquisition module 710, a first obtaining module 720, a first determining module 730, a second obtaining module 740 and a second determining module 750.
An obtaining module 710, configured to obtain seismic data recorded by a fiber-optic seismograph, where optical fibers of the fiber-optic seismograph are distributed in an area of a subsurface fault to be identified;
a first obtaining module 720, configured to perform frequency wave number filtering on the seismic data to obtain scattered wave data with direct wave signal data and noise signal data filtered;
a first determining module 730, configured to determine scattering intensities of all scattered waves in a oscillogram of the scattered wave data by using the tracing pane;
a second obtaining module 740, configured to integrate the scattering intensity over a time domain to obtain an integration result;
and a second determining module 750 for determining the location of the subsurface fault according to the integration result and the fiber distribution of the fiber optic seismograph.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the above apparatus further includes:
the third determining module is used for determining shock wave noise data in the seismic data before the seismic data are subjected to frequency wave number filtering to obtain scattered wave data with direct wave signal data and noise signal data filtered out, wherein the shock wave noise data are noise data caused by non-seismic waves;
and the modifying module is used for modifying the shock wave noise data in the seismic data so as to eliminate the influence of the shock wave noise data.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein the third determining module for determining shock noise data in seismic data comprises:
the first determining unit is used for selecting a predetermined number of reference data according to the position of each sampling point of the seismic data;
and the second determining unit is used for determining the seismic data of the sampling point as shock wave noise data under the condition that the ratio of the strain rate amplitude of the seismic data of the sampling point to the strain rate amplitude of the reference data is greater than a preset threshold value.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein a modification module for modifying shock noise data in seismic data to eliminate the effect of the shock noise data comprises:
and the modifying unit is used for modifying the shock wave noise data in the seismic data based on the seismic data acquired by the sampling point adjacent to the shock wave noise data so as to eliminate the influence of the shock wave noise data.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first determining module for determining the scattering intensity of all scattered waves in the oscillogram of the scattered wave data by using the tracing pane includes:
the third determining unit is used for determining all scattering sources in the oscillogram of the scattered wave data by utilizing the tracing window;
for each scattering source:
obliquely superposing other scattering sources on two sides of the scattering source according to a preset apparent velocity to obtain two column vectors representing unidirectional propagation of a scattering wave field;
the scattering intensity of the scattered wave is determined based on the dot product of the two column vectors.
According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the first obtaining module, configured to perform frequency-wave number filtering on the seismic data to obtain the scattered wave data with the direct wave signal data and the noise signal data filtered out, includes:
a first obtaining unit configured to convert the seismic data in the distance-time domain into a frequency-wavenumber domain by fourier transform;
the second obtaining unit is used for filtering direct wave signals and noise signals in the seismic data by using preset parameters to obtain scattered wave data in a frequency wave number domain;
and a third obtaining unit, configured to inversely transform the scattered wave data in the frequency-wavenumber domain to obtain scattered wave data in the distance-time domain.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the above apparatus further includes:
the normalization module is used for performing normalization processing on the seismic data before the seismic data in the distance time domain are converted into a frequency wave number domain through Fourier transform to obtain normalized seismic data;
and the waveform pinch-out module is used for carrying out waveform pinch-out on the edge waveform of the oscillogram of the normalized seismic data so as to reduce false signals caused by the edge waveform.
Any number of modules, sub-modules, units, sub-units, or at least part of the functionality of any number thereof according to embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in one module. Any one or more of the modules, sub-modules, units, sub-units according to the embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by being split into a plurality of modules. Any one or more of the modules, sub-modules, units, sub-units according to embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented at least in part as a hardware circuit, such as a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a Programmable Logic Array (PLA), a system on a chip, a system on a substrate, a system on a package, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), or may be implemented in any other reasonable manner of hardware or firmware by integrating or packaging a circuit, or in any one of or a suitable combination of software, hardware, and firmware implementations. Alternatively, one or more of the modules, sub-modules, units, sub-units according to embodiments of the disclosure may be at least partially implemented as a computer program module, which when executed may perform the corresponding functions.
For example, any plurality of the obtaining module 710, the first obtaining module 720, the first determining module 730, the second obtaining module 740, and the second determining module 750 may be combined and implemented in one module/unit/sub-unit, or any one of the modules/units/sub-units may be split into a plurality of modules/units/sub-units. Alternatively, at least part of the functionality of one or more of these modules/units/sub-units may be combined with at least part of the functionality of other modules/units/sub-units and implemented in one module/unit/sub-unit. According to an embodiment of the disclosure, at least one of the obtaining module 710, the first obtaining module 720, the first determining module 730, the second obtaining module 740, and the second determining module 750 may be implemented at least partially as a hardware circuit, such as a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a Programmable Logic Array (PLA), a system on a chip, a system on a substrate, a system on a package, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), or may be implemented by hardware or firmware in any other reasonable manner of integrating or packaging a circuit, or implemented by any one of three implementations of software, hardware, and firmware, or any suitable combination of any of them. Alternatively, at least one of the obtaining module 710, the first obtaining module 720, the first determining module 730, the second obtaining module 740, and the second determining module 750 may be at least partially implemented as a computer program module that, when executed, may perform a corresponding function.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, an automatic underground fault detection device based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing corresponds to an automatic underground fault detection method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing in the embodiment of the present disclosure, and the description of the automatic underground fault detection device based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing specifically refers to the automatic underground fault detection method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing, and is not described herein again.
FIG. 8 schematically illustrates a block diagram of an electronic device suitable for implementing the above-described distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing-based automatic detection method of subsurface faults, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The electronic device shown in fig. 8 is only an example, and should not bring any limitation to the functions and the scope of use of the embodiments of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 8, an electronic device 800 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a processor 801 that can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in a Read Only Memory (ROM) 802 or a program loaded from a storage section 808 into a Random Access Memory (RAM) 803. The processor 801 may include, for example, a general purpose microprocessor (e.g., CPU), an instruction set processor and/or related chip sets and/or a special purpose microprocessor (e.g., an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)), among others. The processor 801 may also include onboard memory for caching purposes. The processor 801 may include a single processing unit or multiple processing units for performing different actions of the method flows according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
In the RAM 803, various programs and data necessary for the operation of the electronic apparatus 800 are stored. The processor 801, the ROM802, and the RAM 803 are connected to each other by a bus 804. The processor 801 performs various operations of the method flow according to the embodiments of the present disclosure by executing programs in the ROM802 and/or the RAM 803. Note that the programs may also be stored in one or more memories other than the ROM802 and RAM 803. The processor 801 may also perform various operations of method flows according to embodiments of the present disclosure by executing programs stored in the one or more memories.
According to embodiments of the present disclosure, method flows according to embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented as computer software programs. For example, embodiments of the present disclosure include a computer program product comprising a computer program embodied on a computer-readable storage medium, the computer program containing program code for performing the method illustrated by the flow chart. In such an embodiment, the computer program may be downloaded and installed from a network through the communication section 809 and/or installed from the removable medium 811. The computer program, when executed by the processor 801, performs the above-described functions defined in the system of the embodiments of the present disclosure. The above described systems, devices, apparatuses, modules, units, etc. may be implemented by computer program modules according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
The present disclosure also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which may be contained in the apparatus/device/system described in the above embodiments; or may exist separately and not be assembled into the device/apparatus/system. The computer-readable storage medium carries one or more programs which, when executed, implement a method according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the computer readable storage medium may be a non-volatile computer readable storage medium. Examples may include, but are not limited to: a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the present disclosure, a computer readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
For example, according to embodiments of the present disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium may include the ROM802 and/or RAM 803 described above and/or one or more memories other than the ROM802 and RAM 803.
The flowchart and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various combinations and/or combinations of features recited in the various embodiments and/or claims of the present disclosure can be made, even if such combinations or combinations are not expressly recited in the present disclosure. In particular, various combinations and/or combinations of the features recited in the various embodiments and/or claims of the present disclosure may be made without departing from the spirit or teaching of the present disclosure. All such combinations and/or associations are within the scope of the present disclosure.
The embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above. However, these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Although the embodiments are described separately above, this does not mean that the measures in the embodiments cannot be used in advantageous combination. The scope of the disclosure is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof. Various alternatives and modifications can be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, and such alternatives and modifications are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. An automatic underground fault detection method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing comprises the following steps:
acquiring seismic data recorded by a fiber-optic seismograph, wherein optical fibers of the fiber-optic seismograph are distributed in an area of a subsurface fault to be identified;
carrying out frequency wave number filtering on the seismic data to obtain scattered wave data with direct wave signal data and noise signal data filtered;
determining the scattering intensity of all scattered waves in the oscillogram of the scattered wave data by utilizing a tracing window;
integrating the scattering intensity in a time domain to obtain an integration result; and
and determining the position of the underground fault according to the integration result and the optical fiber distribution of the optical fiber seismograph.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising, prior to frequency-wavenumber filtering the seismic data to obtain scattered wave data from which direct wave signal data and noise signal data are filtered:
determining shock noise data in the seismic data, wherein the shock noise data is noise data caused by non-seismic waves;
modifying shock noise data in the seismic data to eliminate effects of the shock noise data.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the determining shock noise data in the seismic data comprises:
selecting a predetermined amount of reference data according to the position of each sampling point of the seismic data;
and under the condition that the ratio of the strain rate amplitude of the seismic data of the sampling point to the strain rate amplitude of the reference data is larger than a preset threshold value, determining the seismic data of the sampling point as shock wave noise data.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the modifying of the shock noise data in the seismic data to remove the effect of the shock noise data comprises:
modifying shock wave noise data in the seismic data based on seismic data acquired at sampling points adjacent to the shock wave noise data to eliminate the effect of the shock wave noise data.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determining scattering intensity of all scattered waves in the oscillogram of scattered wave data using an traceability pane comprises:
determining all scattering sources in the oscillogram of the scattered wave data by utilizing the source tracing pane;
for each of said scattering sources:
obliquely superposing other scattering sources on two sides of the scattering source according to a preset apparent velocity to obtain two column vectors representing unidirectional propagation of a scattering wave field;
and determining the scattering intensity of the scattered wave based on the dot product of the two column vectors.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the frequency-wavenumber filtering the seismic data to obtain scattered wave data with direct wave signal data and noise signal data filtered out comprises:
transforming said seismic data in the range-time domain into the frequency-wavenumber domain by fourier transform;
filtering direct wave signals and noise signals in the seismic data by using preset parameters to obtain scattered wave data in a frequency wave number domain;
and inversely transforming the scattered wave data in the frequency-wavenumber domain to obtain scattered wave data in the distance-time domain.
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising, prior to said transforming said seismic data in the range-time domain into the frequency-wavenumber domain by Fourier transform:
normalizing the seismic data to obtain normalized seismic data;
and carrying out waveform pinch-out on the edge waveform of the oscillogram of the normalized seismic data so as to reduce false signals caused by the edge waveform.
8. An automatic underground fault detection device based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing comprises:
the system comprises an acquisition module, a detection module and a processing module, wherein the acquisition module is used for acquiring seismic data recorded by a fiber-optic seismograph, and optical fibers of the fiber-optic seismograph are distributed in an area of an underground fault to be identified;
the first obtaining module is used for carrying out frequency wave number filtering on the seismic data to obtain scattered wave data with direct wave signal data and noise signal data filtered;
the first determining module is used for determining the scattering intensity of all scattered waves in the oscillogram of the scattered wave data by utilizing the tracing pane;
a second obtaining module, configured to integrate the scattering intensity in a time domain to obtain an integration result;
and the second determination module is used for determining the position of the underground fault according to the integration result and the optical fiber distribution of the optical fiber seismograph.
9. An electronic device, comprising:
one or more processors;
a memory for storing one or more programs,
wherein the one or more programs, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the method of any of claims 1-7.
10. A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon executable instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to carry out the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
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