CN115514683A - Method and device for determining packet loss reason, exchange chip and storage medium - Google Patents
Method and device for determining packet loss reason, exchange chip and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for determining a packet loss reason, an exchange chip and a storage medium. The method for determining the reason for packet loss comprises the following steps: determining a packet loss matching item of an access control list based on the determined port level discarding reason, wherein the packet loss matching item is used for matching the port level discarding reason; performing message mirroring to obtain a packet loss message based on the packet loss matching item; and determining the message level discarding reason based on the internal exchange information of the packet loss message. According to the technical scheme, the port level discarding reason is matched with the packet loss matching item of the access control list, the packet mirror image is carried out to obtain the specific packet loss message, the message level discarding reason is determined based on the internal exchange information of the packet loss message, the packet loss flow is determined without carrying out flow analysis on the whole port, the reason of the packet loss can be determined, and the determination efficiency of the packet loss reason is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of network communication, in particular to a method and a device for determining a packet loss reason, an exchange chip and a storage medium.
Background
With the continuous development of the network communication technology field, the demand for the network switching chip is continuously increased, and meanwhile, in the process of forwarding data by the network switching chip, the risk of packet loss is also brought, and the more network switching chips with switching functions can be provided, the more the reason for packet loss is complicated.
In the prior art, a network switching chip may provide a port-based packet loss reason record and packet loss statistics, however, because there is a lot of network traffic in actual operation, multiple streams may be forwarded on one port, a specific stream causing packet loss cannot be determined, and the whole port needs to be mirrored to perform traffic analysis to determine packet loss traffic.
However, when the traffic analysis is performed to determine the packet loss traffic, the forwarding flow of the packet loss traffic in the network switching chip needs to be analyzed. When packet loss is debugged, the forwarding flows of the messages to be related in the network switching chip are more, the modification register is gradually checked for debugging, the debugging efficiency is low, other existing service flows can be influenced, and the network maintenance is not facilitated. Therefore, how to improve the efficiency of determining the reason for packet loss is a technical problem to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a device for determining a packet loss reason, an exchange chip and a storage medium, which are used for improving the efficiency of determining the packet loss reason.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for determining a packet loss reason, where the method includes:
determining a packet loss matching item of an access control list based on the determined port level discarding reason, wherein the packet loss matching item is used for matching the port level discarding reason;
performing message mirroring to obtain a packet loss message based on the packet loss matching item;
and determining the message level discarding reason based on the internal exchange information of the packet loss message.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for determining a packet loss reason, including:
a first determining module, configured to determine a packet loss matching item of an access control list based on a determined port-level discarding reason, where the packet loss matching item is used to perform port-level discarding reason matching;
the first obtaining module is used for carrying out message mirroring to obtain a packet loss message based on the packet loss matching item;
and the second determining module is used for determining the message level discarding reason based on the internal exchange information of the packet loss message.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a switch chip, including:
at least one processor; and
a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the memory stores a computer program executable by the at least one processor, the computer program being executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the packet loss cause determination method according to the first aspect.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, where the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the method for determining a reason for packet loss according to the first aspect.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the port level discarding reason is matched with the packet loss matching item of the access control list, the specific packet loss message is obtained by mirroring the message, the message level discarding reason is determined based on the internal exchange information of the packet loss message, the packet loss flow is determined without analyzing the flow of the whole port, the reason of the packet loss can be determined, and the determination efficiency of the packet loss reason is improved.
It should be understood that the statements in this section do not necessarily identify key or critical features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor do they necessarily limit the scope of the invention. Other features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for determining a reason for packet loss according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for determining a reason for packet loss according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a packet loss matching item according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of internal switching information of a switching chip that may be included in a conventional three-layer IP unicast provided according to the second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a switch chip according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a flowchart of an actual forwarding process for obtaining a packet loss packet according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a packet loss cause determining apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic diagram of a switch chip that may be used to implement an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are used for distinguishing similar objects, and are not necessarily used for describing a particular order or sequence. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
It is understood that before the technical solutions disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention are used, the types, the usage ranges, the usage scenarios, etc. of the personal information related to the present disclosure should be informed to the user and authorized by the user in a proper manner according to the relevant laws and regulations.
Example one
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for determining a reason for packet loss according to an embodiment of the present invention, where this embodiment is applicable to a case where a network switch chip determines a reason for packet loss when data is subjected to packet loss, and the method may be executed by a packet loss reason determining device, which may be implemented in a software and/or hardware manner and integrated in a switch chip, also referred to as a network switch chip. As shown in fig. 1, the method includes:
s110, determining a packet loss matching item of the access control list based on the determined port level discarding reason, wherein the packet loss matching item is used for matching the port level discarding reason.
The port-level discard reason may refer to a reason for discarding the packet determined by the port of the switch chip.
The port-level discarding reason is not specifically limited, for example, the port-level discarding reason may be Denial of service (Dos) Attack (Dos attach), unicast Reverse route searching (url Forwarding, URPF) failure (URPF Fail), multicast Index Error (Multicast Index Error), virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) Check Error (VLAN Check Error), time To Live (TTL) Error (TTL Error), and the like.
The number of port-level drop reasons is not limited and may be one or more.
The determination method of the port-level discard reason is not limited as long as the port-level discard reason can be determined. For example, after packet loss occurs, the switch chip may obtain a port-level discard reason sent by a port of the switch chip, so that the switch chip confirms the port-level discard reason.
An Access Control List (ACL) may refer to a packet filtering-based Access Control technology, and may filter a data packet on a port according to a set condition, and allow the data packet to pass or drop the data packet. An ACL is a set of rules that can classify packets and handle different types of messages differently.
The packet loss matching item may be a matching item matching with the port-level discarding reason, and the packet loss matching item is used for matching the port-level discarding reason. The packet loss matching item may include one or more bits, specifically, the bits included in the packet loss matching item may be determined according to an actual application requirement, and one bit may be matched with one port-level drop reason.
Based on the determined port-level discarding reason, the manner of determining the packet loss matching item of the access control list is not limited as long as the packet loss matching item of the access control list can be determined. If the port level discarding reason is set in advance, the corresponding relation between the port level discarding reason and the bit included in the packet loss matching item is set, according to the determined port level discarding reason, the bit corresponding to the port level discarding reason is searched by sequentially indexing from the zeroth bit to the nth bit included in the packet loss matching item, then the bit corresponding to the port level discarding reason is set as a first numerical value, and other bit positions except the bit corresponding to the port level discarding reason in the packet loss matching item are set as second numerical values, so that the packet loss matching item of the access control list is determined.
The N +1 may represent the maximum bit number that can be included in the packet loss matching item, the N +1 bits may be matched with the N +1 port-level discarding reasons at most, the value of N is not limited, and N may be selected according to actual needs. The first value and the second value may be values set according to actual needs, as long as it can be ensured that the first value is different from the second value, and the bit where the first value is located is a bit corresponding to the port-level discarding reason, and the bit where the second value is located is other bits except for a bit corresponding to the port-level discarding reason in the packet loss matching item.
In an embodiment, the third bit of the packet loss matching entry set in advance may be matched with the port-level drop reason TTL Error, where the first value is 1 and the second value is 0. When the determined port level discarding reason is TTL Error, sequentially indexing from a zeroth bit position to an Nth bit position included in the packet loss matching item according to the determined port level discarding reason, wherein the third bit position can be matched with the determined port level discarding reason TTL Error, setting the third bit position to be 1, and setting the rest matching items of the packet loss matching item to be 0.
In an embodiment, when the determined port level discarding reason is multiple, multiple bits included in the packet loss matching item, which correspond to the multiple port level discarding reasons, may all be set to the first value; setting other bits except the bit corresponding to the port level discarding reason as a second value.
And S120, carrying out message mirroring to obtain a packet loss message based on the packet loss matching item.
The packet loss packet may be a packet determined to be discarded after mirroring the packet corresponding to the determined port-level discarding reason.
Message mirroring may be understood as copying a message from a source port to a destination port. In the embodiment of the present invention, the source port may be a port of a switch chip, and the packet of the source port may refer to one or more corresponding packets in a port-level discard reason determined by the port of the switch chip; the destination port may be a port that is to receive the mirrored message.
Based on the packet loss matching item, the mode of obtaining the packet loss message by performing message mirroring is not limited as long as the packet loss message can be obtained. For example, a bit taking the first value is searched in the packet loss matching item, the bit taking the first value and one or more corresponding messages in the corresponding port level discarding reasons are copied to the destination port, so that the destination port obtains the packet loss message, and the switching chip can capture the packet loss message obtained by the destination port, thereby obtaining the packet loss message.
S130, determining the message level discarding reason based on the internal exchange information of the packet loss message.
When the message is forwarded in the switching chip, the message can identify the content of the message itself, and can also attach internal switching information of the message in the switching chip, and the internal switching information can identify the switching process of the message in the switching chip.
The internal exchange information may refer to information generated when a message is forwarded inside the switch chip. The internal Switching information is not limited, and for example, the internal Switching information may be VLAN check pass, layer two hit (L2 hit), layer three hit (L3 hit), multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) hit, or the like.
The method for determining the message level discarding reason based on the internal exchange information of the packet loss message is not limited, as long as the message level discarding reason can be determined based on the internal exchange information of the packet loss message. For example, the internal exchange information of the packet loss message can be displayed through a display interface in the human-computer interaction device, so that a user can determine the actual forwarding flow of the message through the internal exchange information of the packet loss message displayed on the display interface, and compare the actual forwarding flow with the expected forwarding flow to determine the message-level discarding reason. For another example, the switch chip analyzes the actual forwarding flow of the packet-lost packet through the internal exchange information of the packet-lost packet, and compares the actual forwarding flow obtained through analysis with the expected forwarding flow to determine the reason for packet-level discarding.
The man-machine interaction device can be a device for man-machine interaction of an interactor (such as a user). The man-machine interaction device includes but is not limited to a touch screen, an input component (such as a keyboard and keys, etc.), and the like. The man-machine interaction device can be provided with a display interface for displaying the internal exchange information of the packet loss message, so that a user can obtain the internal exchange information of the packet loss message through the display interface. The actual forwarding flow may refer to an actual forwarding flow in the process of forwarding the packet. The expected forwarding flow may be a flow due to the process of forwarding the packet, and the expected forwarding flow may be a forwarding flow preset according to actual needs.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the port-level discarding reason is matched with the packet loss matching item of the access control list, the specific packet loss message is obtained by mirroring the message, and then the message-level discarding reason is determined based on the internal exchange information of the packet loss message. The port-level discarding reason matching is carried out by introducing the packet loss matching item, so that the reason of packet loss can be determined without carrying out flow analysis on the whole port to determine the packet loss flow, and the determination efficiency of the packet loss reason is improved.
Further, the packet loss matching item is a matching item expanded from the access control list and used for judging the reason of packet loss; the bit number included by the packet loss matching item is greater than or equal to the number of port level discarding reasons which can be detected by the switching chip; the port-level discarding reasons which can be detected by the switching chip have a one-to-one correspondence with the bits of the packet-loss matching items.
The packet loss matching item is a matching item expanded by the access control list and used for determining the reason for packet loss, and it can be understood that the reason for packet loss can be analyzed through the packet loss matching item, for example, a bit in the packet loss matching item can be matched with the reason for port-level packet loss, and further the reason for packet loss can be further analyzed through the packet loss matching item in the subsequent process.
The number of bits included in the packet loss matching item is greater than or equal to the number of port level discarding reasons that can be detected by the switch chip, and it can be understood that the number of bits included in the packet loss matching item can satisfy the matching requirement of the port level discarding reasons that can be detected by the switch chip. If the number of the port level discarding reasons that can be detected by the switch chip is 5, and in order to make each port level discarding reason have the bit included in the packet loss matching item uniquely corresponding to the port level discarding reason, the bit included in the packet loss matching item should be at least 5.
The port level discarding reasons which can be detected by the switching chip have a one-to-one correspondence relationship with the bits of the packet loss matching items, each port level discarding reason has a bit which is uniquely corresponding to the port level discarding reason in the packet loss matching items in the port level discarding reasons which can be detected by the switching chip, and whether the port level discarding reason exists or not can be judged through the value of the bit, so that the packet loss reasons can be further analyzed through the packet loss matching items in the subsequent process.
Example two
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for determining a reason for packet loss according to a second embodiment of the present invention, which is further detailed based on the first embodiment.
In the embodiment of the present invention, determining a packet loss matching item of an access control list based on the determined port-level discard reason includes:
acquiring a port-level discarding reason of port transmission of a switching chip;
a first value of a bit position corresponding to a port-level discarding reason in the packet loss matching item is obtained;
and obtaining a second value of the remaining bit positions in the packet loss matching items, wherein the first value and the second value have different values.
In the embodiment of the present invention, based on the packet loss matching item, performing packet mirroring to obtain a packet loss packet includes:
and mirroring the message corresponding to the target port level discarding reason to the target port to obtain a packet loss message, wherein the target port level discarding reason is one or more of port level discarding reasons corresponding to the bit of the first numerical value in the packet loss matching item.
In the embodiment of the present invention, determining the message level discarding reason based on the internal exchange information of the packet loss message includes:
and displaying the internal exchange information of the packet loss message on a display to determine an actual forwarding process of the packet loss message, wherein the actual forwarding process is used for comparing with an expected forwarding process to obtain a message-level discarding reason.
As shown in fig. 2, the method includes:
and S111, acquiring a port-level discarding reason of port transmission of the switching chip.
After packet loss occurs, the port of the switch chip may analyze to obtain the port-level discard reason. The manner of obtaining the port-level discard reason for the port transmission of the switch chip is not limited, for example, the port of the switch chip sends the port-level discard reason to the switch chip, so that the switch chip can obtain the port-level discard reason for the port transmission of the switch chip.
And S112, a first numerical value of the bit position corresponding to the port level discarding reason in the packet loss matching item is obtained.
The first value may be a value set according to actual needs, and the bit corresponding to the port-level discard reason in the packet loss matching item may be identified by the first value.
The first value of the bit position corresponding to the port-level discarding reason in the packet loss matching item may be used to determine the port-level discarding reason subsequently by using the first value of the bit position in the packet loss matching item.
And S113, obtaining a second value of the bit positions remained in the packet loss matching item, wherein the first value and the second value have different values.
The second value may be a value set according to actual needs, and the remaining bits except for the bit corresponding to the port-level discarding reason in the packet loss matching item may be identified by the second value.
The values of the first value and the second value are different, so that the bits corresponding to the port level discarding reason and the remaining bits in the packet loss matching item can be distinguished through the first value and the second value.
The values of the first value and the second value are not limited, as long as the first value is different from the second value, for example, the first value is 1, and the second value is 0; also, for example, the first value is-1 and the second value is 1.
S121, mirroring the message corresponding to the target port level discarding reason to the target port to obtain a packet loss message, wherein the target port level discarding reason is one or more of port level discarding reasons corresponding to the bit of the first numerical value in the packet loss matching item.
The target port-level discarding reason may refer to one or more port-level discarding reasons corresponding to bits of the first numerical value in the packet loss matching items, where there may be one or more port-level discarding reasons determined by ports of the switch chip, the bits in the packet loss matching items corresponding to the port-level discarding reasons are all set to the first numerical value, and the target port-level discarding reason is one or more of the port-level discarding reasons.
The destination port may be a port that is to receive the mirrored message, and the destination port may be connected to a display device, so that a user may obtain information transmitted through the destination port through the display device, where the display device may be a display screen of a Personal Computer (PC), or the like.
The mirror image target port level discards the message corresponding to the reason to the target port, and the way of obtaining the packet-lost message is not limited as long as the packet-lost message can be obtained. For example, the message corresponding to the target port level discarding reason is copied to the target port, so that the target port obtains a packet loss message, that is, a specified mirror image target port, ACL action is taken to mirror the message to the specified mirror image target port, and the message of the mirror image target port is captured, that is, a specific discarded message, that is, a packet loss message is obtained.
S131, displaying internal exchange information of the packet loss message on a display to determine an actual forwarding process of the packet loss message, wherein the actual forwarding process is used for comparing with an expected forwarding process to obtain a message-level discarding reason.
The display may be an input/output device in the switch chip, or an external display connected to the switch chip, and may be used to display internal exchange information of the packet loss message. The internal exchange information of the packet loss message is displayed on the display, so that a user can check the internal exchange information of the packet loss message through the display and determine the actual forwarding process of the packet loss message through the internal exchange information.
The actual forwarding flow may refer to an actual forwarding flow in the process of forwarding the packet. The expected forwarding flow may refer to a due flow in a process of forwarding a packet, and the expected forwarding flow may be a forwarding flow preset according to actual needs. And the actual forwarding flow is used for comparing with the expected forwarding flow to obtain the message-level discarding reason.
The actual forwarding flow and the expected forwarding flow are compared in a non-limited manner, for example, specific flows included in the actual forwarding flow and the expected forwarding flow are respectively numbered, wherein the same specific flows included in the actual forwarding flow and the expected forwarding flow may adopt the same numbers, numbers corresponding to the specific flows included in the actual forwarding flow and the expected forwarding flow are respectively placed into two arrays, and through traversing the numbers in the arrays, whether the numbers in the two arrays are the same and whether the sequence of the same number is the same or not is judged, so that the actual forwarding flow and the expected forwarding flow can be compared.
By comparing the actual forwarding flow with the expected forwarding flow, the message-level discarding reason can be obtained.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the bit corresponding to the port-level discarding reason and the residual bit in the packet loss matching item are distinguished through the first numerical value and the second numerical value, so that the port-level discarding reason can be conveniently determined through the value of the bit in the packet loss matching item; one or more corresponding messages in the port level discarding reasons corresponding to the bit with the first value are mirrored to a target port to obtain packet loss messages, and the packet loss messages can be determined without analyzing all messages generated by the switching chip; and then the internal exchange information of the packet loss message is displayed through the display, and the message level discarding reason is obtained through comparing the actual forwarding flow with the expected forwarding flow, so that the determining efficiency of the packet loss reason is improved.
Further, the method for determining the reason for packet loss further includes:
and storing the internal exchange information of the packet loss message into the specified debugging register based on the pointer of the specified debugging register.
The specified debugging register may be a register storing data in a process of debugging packet loss, and may be used to temporarily store data participating in operation and an operation result. The pointer specifying the debug register may be a pointer set according to actual application needs.
The manner of saving the internal exchange information of the packet loss packet in the specified debugging register is not limited, as long as the internal exchange information of the packet loss packet can be saved in the specified debugging register. If the packet loss matching item is the packet loss matching item, performing message mirroring to obtain packet loss messages, judging the number of the packet loss messages, combining the number of the packet loss messages, reading internal exchange information of the packet loss messages in the exchange chip through a pointer of the specified debugging register, and storing the internal exchange information into the specified debugging register.
Further, storing the internal exchange information of the packet loss packet in the specified debugging register based on the pointer of the specified debugging register includes:
when the number of the packet loss messages is one, storing internal exchange information of the packet loss messages based on the packet loss matching items;
and when the number of the packet loss messages is at least two, storing the corresponding internal exchange information based on the characteristic value of the packet loss message and the packet loss matching item.
The characteristic value of the packet loss packet may refer to a unique identifier associated with an actual link extracted according to the characteristics of the packet loss packet, and may be a combination of multiple fields, such as a source Internet Protocol (IP), a destination IP, a source port, a destination port, a VLAN, and the like. A packet loss packet may have a characteristic value of a packet loss packet corresponding thereto.
Specifically, when the number of the packet loss messages is one, the internal exchange information of the packet loss messages can be directly stored through a packet loss matching item expanded by an ACL, for example, the internal exchange information of the packet loss messages in the exchange chip can be read through a pointer of a specified debugging register and stored into the specified debugging register.
When the number of the packet loss messages is at least two, storing corresponding internal exchange information based on the characteristic values of the packet loss messages and the packet loss matching items, specifically, when the number of the packet loss messages is at least two, the number of the characteristic values of the packet loss messages is also at least two, the characteristic values of the packet loss messages and the characteristic values of the packet loss messages can be in one-to-one correspondence, and one packet loss message needs to be matched with one ACL. And matching the characteristic value of the packet loss message and the packet loss matching item through a plurality of ACLs, reading the internal exchange information of the packet loss message in the exchange chip through a pointer of the specified debugging register, and storing the internal exchange information into the specified debugging register.
In an embodiment, when the internal exchange information of the packet loss packet is stored in the specified debugging register, the actual forwarding flow of the packet loss packet may be determined by reading the internal exchange information in the specified debugging register pointed by the pointer, and the reason for generating the packet loss may be further analyzed.
The invention is illustrated below:
the embodiment of the invention provides a method for determining packet loss flow by a switching chip, which can quickly determine the discarded specific flow, quickly provide the actual forwarding flow of the specific flow in the switching chip, and conveniently determine the reason for discarding the message.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for determining packet loss flow by a switching chip, which comprises the following steps: the extended ACL matching item is used for matching the discarding reason (namely the port-level discarding reason), so that the discarded message (namely the packet-lost message) can be quickly confirmed, and the extended ACL action is used for storing internal exchange information carried by the exchanged message, analyzing the actual forwarding flow of the message and confirming the discarding reason (namely the message-level discarding reason).
And when packet loss occurs, matching the packet loss reasons as bit (bit) bits in a Drop file (packet loss matching item) according to packet loss reasons (namely port-level Drop reasons) given by a port, such as Dos attach, VLAN Filter engine Drop (VLAN Filter processor Drop, VFP Drop), ingress Filter engine Drop (IFP Drop), TTL Error, URPF Fail, multicast Index Error, VLAN Check Error, two-layer/three-layer table Look-up failure (L2/L3 Loop Fail), and the like.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a packet loss matching item according to the second embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the packet loss matching item may include 8 bits, which are respectively a 0 th bit, a 1 st bit, a 2 nd bit, a 3 rd bit, a 4 th bit, a 5 th bit, a 6 th bit, and a 7 th bit, and the port level discarding reasons matching with the 8 bits are Dos attach, VFP Drop, IFP Drop, TTL Error, URPF Fail, multicast Index Error, VLAN Check Error, and L2/L3 loop Fail.
Matching corresponding packet loss reasons to perform message mirroring to obtain specific packet loss flow (namely packet loss messages), specifically matching Drop fields (discarding matching items) by using an ACL (access control list), for example, if TTL Error is given by a port, the ACL sets a bit 3 of the Drop fields to be 1, and other sets to be 0; and a mirror image destination port (namely a destination port) is appointed, ACL action is used for mirroring the message to the appointed mirror image destination port, and the message of the mirror image destination port is captured to obtain a specific discarded message.
And the ACL expanding action specifies a debugging register pointer Info _ Ptr, and stores the internal exchange information carried by the exchange message into a specified debugging register (namely, a register specified by the Info _ Ptr). Specifically, the ACL is used to match the traffic characteristic value (i.e. the characteristic value of a packet loss message, such as information of a source IP, a destination IP, a source three-layer port, a destination three-layer port, a VLAN, etc.) and Drop Field (a Drop matching item), the ACL acts as a pointer Info _ Ptr of a specified debugging register, and the chip internal exchange information is read according to the Info _ Ptr. According to different forwarding flows, the internal exchange information included in the exchange chip is different. For example, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of internal switching information of a switching chip that can be included in a conventional three-layer IP unicast according to the second embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 4, there may be multiple internal switching information in the switching chip that can be included in the three-layer IP unicast.
The whole debugging process is completed in two steps: the first step uses ACL to match Drop Field to determine the discarded flow according to the reason of the packet loss given by the port (namely, the reason of port-level discarding), and the second step uses ACL to store the internal forwarding information (namely, internal exchange information) of the discarded message in the exchange chip.
If the message mirrored by the ACL in the first step only has one flow (namely, only one packet loss message), the ACL in the second step can only be matched with Drop Field, and the ACL acts as a designated debugging register pointer Info _ Ptr to store the internal exchange information of the packet loss message;
if the message mirrored by the ACL in the first step contains multiple flows (i.e., multiple packet-lost messages), multiple ACLs are needed to be used to respectively match the characteristic value of the flow (i.e., the characteristic value of the packet-lost message) and the Drop Field, and the ACL action respectively specifies the debugging register pointer Info _ Ptr to store the internal exchange information of the packet-lost message.
After the internal exchange information of the packet loss message is stored, the internal exchange information in the specified debugging register can be read through the pointer, the actual forwarding flow of the message is confirmed, and the reason of the packet loss is analyzed.
For example, a typical three-layer unicast chip forwarding flow includes: ingress packet parsing (VLAN _ ID), ingress direction VLAN checking (whether ingress VLAN is within the PORT VLAN allowed range), checking whether three-layer interface unicast is enabled (L3 _ ROUTE _ EN), routing Media Access Control (MAC) checking (ROUTE _ MAC _ HIT), finding routing TABLE (ROUTE _ TABLE _ HIT), finding next hop (Nexthop), nexthop editing two-layer packet header modification source MAC address (SRC _ MAC), modification destination MAC address (DST _ MAC), modification egress VLAN (DST _ VLAN), TTL minus 1, designated physical egress interface (DST _ VLAN), etc., and egress direction checking (whether egress VLAN is within the PORT VLAN allowed range), etc.
If the message generates VLAN check Fail in the port outgoing direction, setting 1 at the 6 th bit of Drop Field by using ACL0, matching other setting 0, taking ACL0 as a mirror image to a mirror image destination port, installing ACL0, and capturing a packet at the destination port to obtain two messages of which the DIP is 192.169.11.11 and the DIP is 192.169.11.12, and then installing ACL 0; the method comprises the steps of using two ACLs to respectively match two messages with the DIP of 192.169.11.11 and the DIP of 192.169.11.12, using ACL1 to match a message action with the DIP of 192.169.11.11 to specify a debugging register pointer Info _ Ptr1, using ACL2 to match a message action with the DIP of 192.169.11.12 to specify a debugging register pointer Info _ Ptr2, installing ACL1 and ACL2, respectively reading registers pointed by Info _ Ptr1 and Info _ Ptr2, reading internal forwarding information to obtain three-layer forwarding information of the messages, checking that DST _ VLAN and DST _ VLAN are not in VLAN allowed by an interface, and accordingly determining that the exit VLAN of the three-layer tables of the two flows has configuration problems and causes flow forwarding errors.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a switch chip according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 5, the switch chip may include: the device comprises an exchange processing module, an ACL matching register and an internal information storage register (namely a specified debugging register), wherein the exchange processing module can process data forwarding and the like in an exchange chip; the matching of the port-level discarding reason and the packet loss matching item can be realized in ACL matching, and the internal exchange information can be stored in an internal information storage register through an ACL matching specified debugging register pointer Info _ Ptr; the internal information storage register can store internal exchange information and the like.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart of an actual forwarding process for obtaining a packet loss packet according to the second embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 6, first, a packet loss is checked; matching corresponding packet loss reasons (namely port level drop reasons) to perform message mirroring to obtain specific packet loss flow (namely packet loss messages); further matching the flow to set the message internal information (i.e. internal exchange information) storage action, i.e. storing the internal forwarding information (i.e. internal exchange information) to the memory information storage register; then, internal forwarding information of the message is obtained by reading the memory information storage register; and obtaining the actual forwarding flow of the message in the chip (namely the switching chip).
The implementation method for determining the packet loss flow by the switching chip provided by the embodiment of the invention firstly obtains the specific packet loss flow through ACL matching; then obtaining the internal exchange information of the packet loss flow (the internal exchange information contains the actual conversion process); and finally, an expected forwarding flow is obtained, and the actual forwarding flow and the expected forwarding flow are compared and analyzed, so that the packet loss reason can be confirmed, and the determining efficiency of the packet loss reason is improved.
EXAMPLE III
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for determining a reason for packet loss according to a third embodiment of the present invention, which is applicable to a case where a network switch chip determines a reason for packet loss when a packet loss occurs in data forwarded by the network switch chip. As shown in fig. 7, the specific structure of the apparatus includes:
a first determining module 21, configured to determine a packet loss matching item of the access control list based on the determined port-level discarding reason, where the packet loss matching item is used to perform port-level discarding reason matching;
the first obtaining module 22 is configured to perform message mirroring to obtain a packet loss message based on the packet loss matching item;
the second determining module 23 is configured to determine a message-level discarding reason based on the internal exchange information of the packet-loss message.
The packet loss cause determining apparatus provided in this embodiment first determines, by using the first determining module 21, a packet loss matching item of the access control list based on the determined port-level discard cause, where the packet loss matching item is used to perform port-level discard cause matching; then, based on the packet loss matching item, the first obtaining module 22 performs message mirroring to obtain a packet loss message; finally, the second determining module 23 is configured to determine a message-level discard reason based on the internal exchange information of the packet-loss message.
Further, the packet loss matching item is a matching item expanded by the access control list and used for judging the reason of packet loss;
the bit number included by the packet loss matching item is greater than or equal to the number of port level discarding reasons which can be detected by the switching chip;
the port-level discarding reason which can be detected by the switching chip has a one-to-one correspondence relationship with the bit of the packet-loss matching item.
Further, the first determining module 21 is specifically configured to:
acquiring a port-level discarding reason of port transmission of a switching chip;
a first numerical value of a bit position corresponding to a port level discarding reason in the packet loss matching item is obtained;
and matching the second value of the residual bit position in the packet loss matching item, wherein the values of the first value and the second value are different.
Further, the first obtaining module 22 is specifically configured to:
and mirroring the message corresponding to the target port level discarding reason to the target port to obtain a packet loss message, wherein the target port level discarding reason is one or more of port level discarding reasons corresponding to the bit of the first numerical value in the packet loss matching item.
Further, the apparatus further comprises:
and the storage module is used for storing the internal exchange information of the packet loss message into the specified debugging register based on the pointer of the specified debugging register.
Further, the saving module is specifically configured to:
when the number of the packet loss messages is one, storing internal exchange information of the packet loss messages based on the packet loss matching items;
and when the number of the packet loss messages is at least two, storing the corresponding internal exchange information based on the characteristic value of the packet loss message and the packet loss matching item.
Further, the second determining module 23 is specifically configured to:
and displaying the internal exchange information of the packet loss message on a display to determine an actual forwarding process of the packet loss message, wherein the actual forwarding process is used for comparing with an expected forwarding process to obtain a message-level discarding reason.
The packet loss cause determining apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present invention is capable of executing the packet loss cause determining method provided in any embodiment of the present invention, and has functional modules and beneficial effects corresponding to the executing method.
Example four
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a switch chip, which is also called a network switch chip, that can be used to implement the embodiment of the present invention. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions, are meant to be exemplary only, and are not meant to limit implementations of the inventions described and/or claimed herein.
As shown in fig. 8, the switch chip 10 includes at least one processor 11, and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor 11, such as a Read Only Memory (ROM) 12, a Random Access Memory (RAM) 13, and the like, wherein the memory stores a computer program executable by the at least one processor, and the processor 11 can perform various suitable actions and processes according to the computer program stored in the Read Only Memory (ROM) 12 or the computer program loaded from the storage unit 18 into the Random Access Memory (RAM) 13. In the RAM 13, various programs and data necessary for the operation of the switch chip 10 can also be stored. The processor 11, the ROM 12, and the RAM 13 are connected to each other via a bus 14. An input/output (I/O) interface 15 is also connected to bus 14.
A plurality of components in the switch chip 10 are connected to the I/O interface 15, including: an input unit 16 such as a keyboard, a mouse, or the like; an output unit 17 such as various types of displays, speakers, and the like; a storage unit 18 such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, or the like; and a communication unit 19 such as a network card, modem, wireless communication transceiver, etc. The communication unit 19 allows the switching chip 10 to exchange information/data with other devices via a computer network such as the internet and/or various telecommunication networks.
The processor 11 may be a variety of general and/or special purpose processing components having processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of processor 11 include, but are not limited to, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), various specialized Artificial Intelligence (AI) computing chips, various processors running machine learning model algorithms, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), and any suitable processor, controller, microcontroller, or the like. The processor 11 performs the respective methods and processes described above, such as the packet loss cause determination method.
In some embodiments, the packet loss cause determination method may be implemented as a computer program, which is tangibly embodied in a computer-readable storage medium, such as the storage unit 18. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program may be loaded and/or installed on the switch chip 10 via the ROM 12 and/or the communication unit 19. When the computer program is loaded into the RAM 13 and executed by the processor 11, one or more steps of the packet loss cause determination method described above may be performed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the processor 11 may be configured to perform the packet loss cause determination method in any other suitable manner (e.g., by means of firmware).
Various implementations of the systems and techniques described here above may be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, integrated circuitry, field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), application Specific Standard Products (ASSPs), system on a chip (SOCs), load programmable logic devices (CPLDs), computer hardware, firmware, software, and/or combinations thereof. These various embodiments may include: implemented in one or more computer programs that are executable and/or interpretable on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be special or general purpose, receiving data and instructions from, and transmitting data and instructions to, a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device.
A computer program for implementing the methods of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These computer programs may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the computer programs, when executed by the processor, cause the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks to be performed. A computer program can execute entirely on a machine, partly on a machine, as a stand-alone software package partly on a machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on a remote machine or server.
In the context of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium may be a tangible medium that can contain, or store a computer program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. A computer readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. Alternatively, the computer readable storage medium may be a machine readable signal medium. More specific examples of a machine-readable storage medium would include an electrical connection based on one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
To provide for interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described herein may be implemented on a switch chip having: a display device (e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor) for displaying information to a user; and a keyboard and a pointing device (e.g., a mouse or a trackball) by which a user may provide input to the switch chip. Other kinds of devices may also be used to provide for interaction with a user; for example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user may be received in any form, including acoustic, speech, or tactile input.
The systems and techniques described here can be implemented in a computing system that includes a back-end component (e.g., as a data server), or that includes a middleware component (e.g., an application server), or that includes a front-end component (e.g., a user computer having a graphical user interface or a web browser through which a user can interact with an implementation of the systems and techniques described here), or any combination of such back-end, middleware, or front-end components. The components of the system can be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication (e.g., a communication network). Examples of communication networks include: local Area Networks (LANs), wide Area Networks (WANs), blockchain networks, and the internet.
The computing system may include clients and servers. A client and server are generally remote from each other and typically interact through a communication network. The relationship of client and server arises by virtue of computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship to each other. The server can be a cloud server, also called a cloud computing server or a cloud host, and is a host product in a cloud computing service system, so that the defects of high management difficulty and weak service expansibility in the traditional physical host and VPS service are overcome.
It should be understood that various forms of the flows shown above may be used, with steps reordered, added, or deleted. For example, the steps described in the present invention may be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, and are not limited herein as long as the desired results of the technical solution of the present invention can be achieved.
The above-described embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and substitutions may be made in accordance with design requirements and other factors. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for determining a reason for packet loss is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining a packet loss matching item of an access control list based on the determined port level discarding reason, wherein the packet loss matching item is used for matching the port level discarding reason;
performing message mirroring to obtain a packet loss message based on the packet loss matching item;
and determining the message level discarding reason based on the internal exchange information of the packet loss message.
2. The method of claim 1,
the packet loss matching item is a matching item expanded by the access control list and used for judging the reason of packet loss;
the bit number included in the packet loss matching item is greater than or equal to the number of port-level discarding reasons which can be detected by the switching chip;
the port-level discarding reasons which can be detected by the switching chip and the bit positions of the packet-loss matching items have a one-to-one correspondence relationship.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining a packet loss match entry for an access control list based on the determined port level drop cause comprises:
acquiring a port-level discarding reason of port transmission of a switching chip;
a first numerical value of a bit position corresponding to the port level discarding reason in the packet loss matching item is obtained;
and obtaining a second value of the remaining bit position in the packet loss matching item, wherein the first value and the second value have different values.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the performing packet mirroring to obtain a packet loss packet based on the packet loss matching item includes:
and mirroring the message corresponding to the target port level discarding reason to the target port to obtain a packet loss message, wherein the target port level discarding reason is one or more port level discarding reasons corresponding to the bit of the first numerical value in the packet loss matching item.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
and storing the internal exchange information of the packet loss message into the specified debugging register based on the pointer of the specified debugging register.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein saving the internal switch information of the packet loss packet to the specified debugging register based on the pointer of the specified debugging register comprises:
when the number of the packet loss messages is one, storing internal exchange information of the packet loss messages based on the packet loss matching items;
and when the number of the packet loss messages is at least two, storing the corresponding internal exchange information based on the characteristic value of the packet loss message and the packet loss matching item.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein determining a packet-level discard cause based on the internal switching information of the packet-lost packet comprises:
and displaying the internal exchange information of the packet loss message on a display so as to determine an actual forwarding process of the packet loss message, wherein the actual forwarding process is used for comparing with an expected forwarding process to obtain a message-level discarding reason.
8. An apparatus for determining a reason for packet loss, comprising:
a first determining module, configured to determine a packet loss matching item of an access control list based on a determined port-level discarding reason, where the packet loss matching item is used to perform port-level discarding reason matching;
the first obtaining module is used for carrying out message mirroring to obtain a packet loss message based on the packet loss matching item;
and the second determining module is used for determining the message level discarding reason based on the internal exchange information of the packet loss message.
9. A switch chip, comprising:
at least one processor; and
a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the memory stores a computer program executable by the at least one processor, the computer program being executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the packet loss cause determination method according to any of claims 1 to 7.
10. A computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, the program, when executed by a processor, implementing the packet loss cause determination method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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