CN115494330A

CN115494330A - Method for estimating residual life of surge protector on line, surge protector and electronic equipment

Info

Publication number: CN115494330A
Application number: CN202211167802.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王利成; 王江坡; 黄丽雄; 徐贺
Original assignee: ABB LV Installation Materials Co Ltd
Current assignee: ABB LV Installation Materials Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-09-23
Filing date: 2022-09-23
Publication date: 2022-12-20

Abstract

Example embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method, a surge protector device and an electronic device for estimating a remaining life of the surge protector device online. The method comprises the following steps: measuring the power voltage in a circuit system connected with the surge protector in real time; measuring leakage current flowing through the surge protector in real time; determining in real time a phase angle between the leakage current and the supply voltage based on the measured supply voltage and the measured leakage current; and estimating the residual service life of the surge protector based on the determined phase angle and a preset phase angle threshold. The method can estimate the residual life of the SPD in real time according to the online monitoring parameters, and can reflect the actual working state of the SPD more accurately, so that a user can operate and maintain the SPD more timely and effectively.

Description

Method for estimating residual life of surge protector on line, surge protector and electronic equipment

Technical Field

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to the field of surge protectors in the field of low voltage, and more particularly, to a method for estimating the remaining life of a surge protector on-line and a surge protector capable of implementing the method.

Background

Surge protection devices (SPD for short) are widely used in the industries of construction electricity, railway, telecommunication, new energy and the like in the low-voltage field (for example, 230/400V), and play an indispensable role in the aspects of lightning protection, surge impact prevention and the like in power transmission and distribution systems. The SPD is usually connected in parallel to a circuit system, and its core component is a zinc oxide varistor (usually called MOV), which exhibits a high resistance state under normal operation and does not affect the normal operation of the power grid. And when transient overvoltage or surge impact takes place for the circuit, MOV can become the low resistance state to release most electric charge volume, restrict the voltage at surge protector both ends simultaneously, realize surge protection's function, thereby protection device safety, the guarantee system operation.

Although the MOV is normally in a high resistance state, some leakage current also flows. With the lapse of service time, the surge protector is subjected to surge impact with different amplitudes and different durations, transient overvoltage caused by power grid faults, and the influence of environmental factors such as air humidity, day and night temperature difference alternation and the like, so that the MOV can show an aging phenomenon, and the protection function and the residual service life of the MOV can be gradually reduced. When the MOV ages to a certain extent, it needs to be replaced in time to ensure reliable surge protection on the line.

The line is without surge protection function from the time the damaged SPD is taken off-line to the time a new SPD is installed, which increases the risk of surge damage to the line. In order to solve this problem, some operation and maintenance management adopts a scheme of periodic replacement, but this still has the disadvantage that the replacement is not timely or is too early. In addition, the protection effect of the aged SPD is greatly reduced before the disconnector is operated, and if the disconnector is not designed reasonably, the SPD cannot be timely and effectively disconnected to cause an electrical fire.

In order to ensure the safe and stable operation of a low-voltage distribution system and prevent safety accidents caused by the deterioration of a surge protector, the national lightning protection device detection standard sets up relevant SPD qualification judgment bases, and engineers need to perform regular or irregular power-off detection by means of various detection instruments. The method has many defects on the basis of increasing manpower and material resources, and is easy to bring unnecessary loss.

Therefore, the residual life of the SPD can be accurately estimated, so that the SPD can be replaced at a proper time before the aging degree of the SPD influences the protection performance and the operation safety of the SPD, and the method is very important for the safe and reliable operation of a system and equipment.

Disclosure of Invention

According to an example embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for online predicting the remaining life of an SPD is provided. The method can estimate the residual life of the SPD in real time according to the online monitoring parameters, and can reflect the actual working state of the SPD more accurately, so that a user can operate and maintain the SPD more timely and effectively.

In a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for estimating a remaining life of a surge protector online, the method comprising: measuring the power supply voltage in a circuit system connected with the surge protector in real time; measuring leakage current flowing through the surge protector in real time; determining in real time a phase angle between the leakage current and the supply voltage based on the measured supply voltage and the measured leakage current; and estimating the residual service life of the surge protector based on the determined phase angle and a preset phase angle threshold.

In this embodiment, required parameters (e.g., supply voltage of a circuit system and leakage current of the SPD) can be monitored online, and phase angles are calculated according to the measured parameters, so that the remaining life of the SPD is evaluated online based on the calculated phase angles, so that the evaluation of the remaining life of the SPD is more suitable for the actual situation of the SPD, and is more accurate and timely, so that the SPD is maximally utilized and a user can be informed of the replacement of a new SPD in due time.

In some embodiments, the predetermined phase angle threshold comprises a first phase angle threshold, and estimating the remaining life of the surge protector based on the determined phase angle and the predetermined phase angle threshold comprises: in response to the determined phase angle being less than or equal to the first phase angle threshold, it is predicted that the surge protector is in a sudden aging stage. In this embodiment, by setting the first phase angle threshold, the end of life of the surge protector can be estimated. This first phase angle threshold has been tested by the inventors for a number of piezoresistors, roughly in the range of 68 ° to 72 °.

In some embodiments, the preset phase angle threshold further comprises a second phase angle threshold, wherein the second phase angle threshold is greater than the first phase angle threshold; wherein, based on the determined phase angle and a preset phase angle threshold, estimating the remaining life of the surge protector comprises: in response to the determined phase angle being greater than or equal to the second phase angle threshold, estimating that the surge protector is in a normal aging stage; and predicting that the surge protector is in an accelerated aging stage in response to the determined phase angle being between the second phase angle threshold and the first phase angle threshold. In the embodiment, the residual life of the SPD can be divided into several stages by setting a plurality of threshold values of the phase angle, so that the stage of the SPD is more clearly displayed, and the time point when the SPD needs to be replaced due to rapid aging is accurately determined. This second phase angle threshold was also tested by the inventors for a number of piezoresistors, roughly in the range of 78 ° to 82 °.

In some embodiments, estimating the remaining life of the surge protector based on the determined phase angle and the preset phase angle threshold comprises: when the surge protector is connected to a circuit system for the first time, measuring initial leakage current flowing through the surge protector; determining a resistive leakage current for a time at which the phase angle is measured based on the initial leakage current and the determined phase angle; and estimating the residual service life of the surge protector based on the determined resistive leakage current and a preset resistive leakage current threshold. In this embodiment, the residual life of the surge protector is estimated by the resistive leakage current, which can be displayed in a more distinct manner than an estimation based on the phase angle, since the change in resistive leakage current is more pronounced than the change in phase angle.

In some embodiments, the phase angle comprises an initial phase angle determined based on an initial supply voltage at a time when the surge protector first accesses the circuitry and a measured initial leakage current, the resistive leakage current comprises an initial resistive leakage current determined based on the initial leakage current and the initial phase angle, and the preset resistive leakage current threshold comprises a first resistive leakage current threshold determined based on the first phase angle threshold and the initial leakage current; based on the resistive leakage current and a preset resistive leakage current threshold, estimating the remaining life of the surge protection device comprises the following steps: estimating a percentage of remaining life of the surge protector based on the initial resistive leakage current, the first resistive leakage current threshold, and the determined resistive leakage current.

In this embodiment, the initial leakage current can be measured when the surge protector is first switched in to the circuitry, and from the calculated initial phase angle, the initial resistive leakage current can be calculated, so that different initial resistive leakage currents can be measured for different supply voltages and/or different models of piezoresistors. Furthermore, by means of a preset first phase angle threshold corresponding to the rapid aging stage, the resistive leakage current at the end of the life of the surge protector (i.e. the first threshold resistive leakage) can be calculated. Therefore, the resistive leakage current at the end of the life can be predicted for the connected circuit system, and the user can be notified in advance. Furthermore, in this embodiment, by initially sensing the resistive leakage current and setting the first threshold value for the resistive leakage current, the remaining life of the surge protector can be displayed in a more significant manner (e.g., as a percentage).

In some embodiments, the second phase angle threshold is in the range of 78 ° to 82 ° and the first phase angle threshold is in the range of 68 ° to 72 °. In this embodiment, these phase angle thresholds can cover multiple types of piezoresistors.

In a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a surge protector device comprising: the surge protector comprises a surge protector body, a monitoring module and a signal processing module. The surge protector body comprises a piezoresistor; the monitoring module includes: a voltage detection unit configured to measure a power supply voltage in a circuit system to which the surge protector is connected in real time; and a current detection unit configured to measure a leakage current flowing through a varistor of the surge protector in real time. The signal processing module is configured to: determining in real time a phase angle between the leakage current and the supply voltage based on the measured supply voltage and the measured leakage current; and estimating the residual service life of the surge protector based on the determined phase angle and a preset phase angle threshold.

In this embodiment, the surge protector can monitor required parameters (for example, supply voltage of a circuit system and leakage current of the SPD) online, and calculate phase angles according to the measured parameters, thereby estimating the remaining life of the SPD online based on the calculated phase angles, so that the estimation of the remaining life of the SPD is more suitable for the actual situation of the SPD, thereby being more accurate and timely, enabling the SPD to be maximally utilized and informing a user of the replacement of the SPD in due time and in due time.

In some embodiments, the predetermined phase angle threshold comprises a first phase angle threshold, and estimating the remaining life of the surge protector based on the determined phase angle and the predetermined phase angle threshold comprises: in response to the determined phase angle being less than or equal to the first phase angle threshold, it is estimated that the surge protector is in a rapid aging phase. In this embodiment, by setting the first phase angle threshold, the end of life of the surge protector can be estimated. This first phase angle threshold is tested by the inventors for a number of piezoresistors, roughly in the range of 68 ° to 72 °.

In some embodiments, the preset phase angle threshold further comprises a second phase angle threshold, wherein the second phase angle threshold is greater than the first phase angle threshold; the signal processing module is further configured to: in response to the determined phase angle being greater than or equal to the second phase angle threshold, estimating that the surge protector is in a normal aging stage; and predicting that the surge protector is in an accelerated aging stage in response to the determined phase angle being between the second phase angle threshold and the first phase angle threshold. In the embodiment, the residual life of the SPD can be divided into several stages by setting a plurality of threshold values of phase angles, so that the stage of the SPD is more clearly displayed, and the time point when the SPD needs to be replaced due to rapid aging is accurately determined. This second phase angle threshold was also tested by the inventors for a number of piezoresistors, roughly in the range of 78 ° to 82 °.

In some embodiments, the current detection unit is further configured to: when the surge protector is connected to a circuit system for the first time, measuring initial leakage current flowing through the surge protector; the signal processing module is further configured to: determining a resistive leakage current for a moment of the measured phase angle based on the initial leakage current and the determined phase angle; and estimating the residual service life of the surge protector based on the determined resistive leakage current and a preset resistive leakage current threshold. In this embodiment, the residual life of the surge protector is estimated by the resistive leakage current, which can be displayed in a more distinct manner than an estimation based on the phase angle, since the change in resistive leakage current is more pronounced than the change in phase angle.

In some embodiments, the phase angle comprises an initial phase angle determined based on an initial supply voltage at a time when the surge protector first accesses the circuitry and a measured initial leakage current, the resistive leakage current comprises an initial resistive leakage current determined based on the initial leakage current and the initial phase angle, and the preset resistive leakage current threshold comprises a first resistive leakage current threshold determined based on the first phase angle threshold and the initial leakage current; the signal processing module is further configured to: estimating a percentage of remaining life of the surge protector based on the initial resistive leakage current, the first resistive leakage current threshold, and the determined resistive leakage current.

In this embodiment, the initial leakage current can be measured when the surge protector is first switched in to the circuitry, and from the calculated initial phase angle, the initial resistive leakage current can be calculated, so that different initial resistive leakage currents can be measured for different supply voltages and/or different models of piezoresistors. In addition, the resistive leakage current at the end of the life of the surge protector (i.e. the first threshold value resistive leakage) can be calculated by a preset first phase angle threshold corresponding to the rapid aging stage. Therefore, the resistive leakage current at the end of the life can be predicted for the connected circuit system, and the user can be notified in advance. Furthermore, in this embodiment, by initially sensing the resistive leakage current and setting the first threshold value for the resistive leakage current, the remaining life of the surge protector can be displayed in a more significant manner (e.g., as a percentage).

In some embodiments, the signal processing module further comprises a temperature measurement unit configured to measure an ambient temperature, the signal processing module further configured to: a correction to the phase angle is determined based at least in part on the ambient temperature. In this embodiment, by detecting the ambient temperature around the piezoresistor, the phase angle can be calculated more accurately based on the calculation model.

In some embodiments, the voltage detection unit is further configured to monitor the circuitry for over-voltage and under-voltage conditions; the current detection unit includes: a leakage current detection unit configured to measure a leakage current flowing through a varistor of the surge protector; and an inrush current detection unit configured to measure an inrush current flowing through the inrush protector. In this embodiment, the SPD is capable of forecasting over-voltage and under-voltage conditions for the circuitry. Further, the current detection unit can monitor both the leakage current and the surge current.

In some embodiments, the monitoring module further comprises: a telecommand signal interface configured to receive a telecommand signal; and/or a backup protector accessory signal interface configured to receive a backup protector accessory signal, the signal processing module further comprising: a remote signaling signal processing unit configured to process a remote signaling signal; a backup protector accessory signal processing unit configured to process a backup protector accessory signal; a ground state detection unit configured to detect a ground state of the surge protector; and/or a communication unit configured to remotely transmit the signal processed by the signal processing module to a remote management platform

In this embodiment, the SPD can integrate remote signaling signal monitoring and processing functions, as well as backup protector accessory signal monitoring and processing functions. The grounding state detection unit can effectively detect whether the SPD grounding downlead is reliably connected or not, alarm information is timely given out through monitoring of the intelligent surge protector, and accidents caused by leakage connection or insecure connection of the grounding downlead can be effectively reduced. In addition, the SPD can perform data interaction with the upper-level management platform by using a communication protocol through the communication unit, so that intelligent operation and maintenance management of the surge protector is realized

In a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an electronic device comprising: a processor; and a memory coupled with the processor, the memory having instructions stored therein that, when executed by the processor, cause the device to perform acts comprising: measuring the power voltage in a circuit system connected with the surge protector in real time; measuring leakage current flowing through the surge protector in real time; determining in real time a phase angle between the leakage current and the supply voltage based on the measured supply voltage and the measured leakage current; and estimating the residual service life of the surge protector based on the determined phase angle and a preset phase angle threshold.

It should be understood that the statements herein reciting aspects are not intended to limit the critical or essential features of the embodiments of the present disclosure, nor are they intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following description.

Drawings

The above and other features, advantages and aspects of various embodiments of the present disclosure will become more apparent by referring to the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The same or similar reference numbers in the drawings identify the same or similar elements, of which:

fig. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of a surge protector in which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;

figure 2 shows a functional block diagram of a monitoring module and a signal processing module of a surge protector according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of a monitoring module of an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 4 shows an exploded view of a signal processing module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 5 shows a flow chart of a method for estimating the remaining life of a Surge Protector (SPD) online according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and

fig. 6 shows a graph of the relationship between phase angle and remaining life according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

Various embodiments are now described with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of one or more embodiments. However, it may be apparent in some or all cases that any of the embodiments described below may be practiced without employing the specific design details described below. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to facilitate describing one or more embodiments. The following presents a simplified summary of one or more embodiments in order to provide a basic understanding of the embodiments. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated embodiments, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all embodiments nor delineate the scope of any or all embodiments.

References to "an embodiment" or "one embodiment" within the framework of the description are intended to indicate that a particular configuration, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, phrases such as "in an embodiment" or "in one embodiment" that may be present in one or more points of the description do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a surge protector 100 in which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. As shown in fig. 1, this example Surge Protector (SPD) 100 includes a monitoring module 1, a signal processing module 2, and a surge protector body 3, wherein the monitoring module 1 and the signal processing module 2 constitute an intelligent module. The monitoring module 1 is mechanically connected with the signal processing module 2 through a buckle connection to form an intelligent module. This intelligent object is mechanically connected with surge protector body 3.

As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, the intelligent surge protector 100 is an intelligent surge protector adopting a protection mode of "3+1" (differential mode protection is used between 3 phase lines and a neutral line, and common mode protection is used between the neutral line and a ground line). It should be noted that other modes of protection not described in detail in the present disclosure are also within the scope of the present disclosure.

Preferably, surge protector body 3 has the design of pluggable core, can pull out the core that damages the core and change new when surge protector life-span reduces, became invalid.

As shown in fig. 1, the surge protector body 3 includes a varistor (not shown) inside thereof. The monitoring module 1 is capable of detecting a leakage current and a surge current flowing through a varistor inside the surge protector body 3.

A monitoring module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to fig. 2 and 3. Fig. 2 shows a functional block diagram of a monitoring module and a signal processing module of a surge protector according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 3 illustrates an exploded view of a monitoring module of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

As shown in fig. 2, the monitoring module 1 includes a circuit system including a current detection unit 11, a voltage detection unit 12, a power supply unit 13, an SPD remote signaling interface 14, and a backup protector accessory signal interface 15. The current detection unit 11 includes a plurality of leakage current transformers 111-I and a plurality of leakage current sampling circuits 112-I for measuring power frequency currents of the μ a to mA class, and a plurality of inrush current transformers 113 and inrush current sampling circuits 114 for measuring inrush currents of the kA class. The power supply unit 13 may be a power interface to supply power to the module 1 from an external power source.

The voltage detection unit 12 detects the voltage of the circuit system to which the surge protector body 3 is connected, and reduces the voltage of the power supply to which the SPD is connected to a low voltage sampling signal by resistance voltage division.

The SPD remote signaling signal interface 14 is used for receiving SPD remote signaling signals. The remote signaling signal refers to the input amount of remote communication data, such as the on/off state of a circuit breaker or a disconnector, the action/reset of a protection signal, the input/output of an AGC/AVC function, and the like, and is generally represented by 1 or 2 binary bits. The remote signaling function is typically used to measure the following signals: the position signal of the switch, the comprehensive signal of the internal fault of the transformer, the action signal of the protective device, the running state signal of the communication equipment and the tap position signal of the regulating transformer.

The backup protector attachment signal interface 15 is for receiving signals regarding the backup protector attachment. In a building electrical low-voltage distribution system, a current limiting element is usually connected into an SPD branch circuit to be used as backup protection for SPD fault short circuit. The current limiting element used as the accessory of the backup protector can be a fuse, a time-delay air switch, a residual current short-circuit device and the like.

As shown in fig. 3, the monitoring module 1 includes an electronics board assembly or circuitry, an electromagnetic shield 119, and structural accessories. The electronic board assembly is provided with a current detection unit 11 for measuring a leakage current and a surge current of the varistor in the surge protector body, and a voltage detection unit 12 for detecting a voltage of a power supply connected to the surge protector body 3. In addition, as shown in fig. 3, the circuit system is also provided with a power supply unit 13, an SPD remote signaling interface 14 and a backup protector accessory signal interface 15.

As shown in fig. 3, the electronic board assembly or circuitry of the monitoring module 1 comprises a current detection electronic board 116 and a voltage detection electronic board 117, close to each other, which are respectively arranged on an insulating support 118 by mechanical connections. The leak current sampling circuit 112 and the inrush current sampling circuit 114 of the current detection unit 11 are provided on this current detection electronic board 116. The voltage detection unit 12 is provided on the voltage detection electronic board 117.

As shown in fig. 3, the current detection unit 11 of the monitoring module 1 preferably includes a plurality of leakage current transformers 111-I and leakage current sampling circuits 112-I for measuring power frequency currents of the order of μ a to mA, and a plurality of inrush current transformers 113 and inrush current sampling circuits 114 for measuring inrush currents of the order of kA. The output of the leakage current transformer 111-I and the output of the inrush current transformer 113 are connected to a leakage current sampling circuit 112-I and an inrush current sampling circuit 113 on the current detection electronic board 116, thereby processing the detected leakage current signal and inrush current signal into voltage signals.

As shown in fig. 3, the electromagnetic shield 119 of the monitoring module 1 includes a first electromagnetic shield 119-1 and a second electromagnetic shield 119-2, which are mechanically connected to the monitoring module base 112 and the monitoring module cover 111, respectively.

As shown in fig. 3, preferably, the monitoring module 1 is mechanically connected with the surge protector body 3 through a plurality of electrical connection tabs 115 to transfer the detected signal to the surge holder body 3.

Preferably, the voltage detection unit 12, the power supply unit 14, the SPD remote signaling interface 15 and the backup protector accessory signal interface 16 of the monitoring module 1 are configured on the voltage detection electronic board 117.

The traditional SPD remote signaling signal interface is arranged outside the SPD in an external block manner, is inserted into the SPD main body in an inserting manner, and is connected to the monitored unit through an additional external connecting wire. Thus, the conventionally designed SPD remote signaling signal interface is bulky and requires additional connectors to connect to the corresponding units in the SPD.

However, in embodiments of the present disclosure, the SPD telemetry signal interface 15 is provided with a special plug-in structure, one end of which is crimped against a standard cold-pressed terminal that is capable of receiving the status signal of the monitored unit. The other end of the special plug-in structure is directly soldered to the voltage detection electronic board 117 without configuring other connectors for connection and without adding additional connecting wires for external connection.

In a preferred embodiment, the voltage detection unit 12 of the monitoring module 1 reduces the supply voltage of the circuitry to which the SPD is connected (which is typically several hundred to several thousand volts) to a low voltage sampling signal by resistive voltage division.

A signal processing module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to fig. 2 and 4. Fig. 2 shows a functional block diagram of a monitoring module and a signal processing module of a surge protector according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 4 illustrates an exploded view of a signal processing module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

As shown in fig. 2, the signal processing module 2 includes a circuit system including a power supply unit 21, an inrush current signal processing unit 22, a leakage current signal processing unit 23, a voltage signal processing unit 24, a communication unit 25, an indication unit 26, a temperature measurement unit 27, a ground state detection unit 28, an SPD remote signaling signal processing unit 29, a backup protector accessory signal processing unit 30, and a Main Control Unit (MCU) 20. The power supply unit 21 may be a power interface to supply power to the module 2 from an external power source. The power supply unit 21 of the signal processing module 2 is connected with the power supply unit 13 of the monitoring module 1 through corresponding interfaces, so that the accessed power supply outputs direct-current low voltage for the MCU main control unit and other units to work after being rectified, reduced and filtered.

As shown in fig. 4, the signal processing module includes an electronic board assembly or circuitry 123, an electromagnetic shield 124, a signal processing module cover 121, and a signal processing module base 122, which are mechanically latched. The electronic board assembly or circuitry includes a power board and a control board. The power panel is provided with a power supply unit 21, an SPD remote signaling signal processing unit 29, a backup protector accessory signal processing unit 30, a temperature measuring unit 26, a voltage signal processing unit 24 and a grounding state detection unit 28. Further, on the control board, an inrush current signal processing unit 22, a leakage current signal processing unit 23, a communication unit 25, an instruction unit 26, and an MCU main control unit 20 are provided.

In a preferred embodiment, the following various signals are connected to corresponding interfaces in the signal processing module 2 via sets of flat cables: the low-voltage sampling signal processed by the voltage detection unit on the voltage detection electronic board 117, the power supply accessed by the power supply unit, the signal accessed by the SPD remote signaling signal interface, the signal accessed by the accessory signal interface of the backup protector, and the current sampling signal output by the leakage current sampling circuit 112 and the surge current sampling circuit 114 on the current detection electronic board 116. Thus, the various signals and voltages described above are transmitted to the electronic board assembly 123 of the signal processing module 2.

In a preferred embodiment, the power supply unit 13 on the voltage detection electronic board 117 in the monitoring module 1 is connected to the power supply unit 21 on the power board in the signal processing module 2, and the input power is rectified, stepped down, filtered, and then outputs a dc low voltage for the MCU main control unit 20 and other units to work.

The SPD remote signaling signal and the backup protector attachment signal from the voltage detection electronic board 117 are connected to the respective interfaces on the power supply board in the signal processing module 2 by a set of flat cables, and are transmitted to the SPD remote signaling signal processing unit 29 and the backup protector attachment signal processing unit 30. Specifically, the SPD remote signaling signal and the backup protector accessory signal are processed by the photocoupler and transmitted to the MCU main control unit 20 on the control board in the signal processing module 2 through the pin header.

In a preferred embodiment, a temperature measuring unit 27 is provided on the power board in the signal processing module 2, which outputs a temperature sampling signal through an NTC (thermistor), which is output to the MCU main control unit 20 on the control board.

In a preferred embodiment, the voltage signal of the low voltage sampling signal after voltage division processing by the voltage detection unit 12 and processed by the voltage signal processing unit 24 on the power board is also output to the MCU main control unit 20 on the control board. In one example, the processed voltage signal and temperature sampling signal are connected to a multiplexing switch to be output into the MCU master unit 20 on the control board via a plug.

In a preferred embodiment, the ground state detection unit 28 on the power board processes the output ground state detection signal through the photocoupler and transmits the ground state detection signal to the MCU main control unit 20 on the control board through another set of the plug-ins. The grounding state detection circuit designed by the photoelectric coupler can effectively detect whether the grounding downlead of the SPD is reliably connected or not, alarm information is timely given through monitoring of the intelligent surge protector, and accidents caused by missing connection or infirm connection of the grounding downlead can be effectively reduced.

In a preferred embodiment, the current sampling signals transmitted by the two groups of flat cables of the current detection electronic board 116 are connected to corresponding interfaces on the control board, and are processed by the inrush current signal processing unit 22 and the leakage current signal processing unit 23 on the control board, and then output to the MCU main control unit 20 on the control board.

In a preferred embodiment, the MCU main control unit 20 performs calculation processing on the signals transmitted from the connectors and the signals processed by the inrush current signal processing unit 22 and the leakage current signal processing unit 23 on the control board, and converts the signals into corresponding digital signals.

In a preferred embodiment, the control board is provided with a communication unit 25 configured to transmit/receive corresponding data in the same transmission format and transmission rate when the MCU main control unit 20 converts the digital signal into a read or write request sent by the upper management platform via the specific transmission format and transmission rate, so as to implement remote data communication between the intelligent surge protector and the upper management platform.

In a preferred embodiment, the indicating unit 26 configured on the control board provides different numbers of LED lamp beads with different colors, and sets different indicating contents, such as flash, slow flash, normal lighting, and the like, according to different working states of the intelligent surge protector.

According to the surge protection device, the voltage detection unit and the leakage current detection unit are arranged in the monitoring module, the real-time sampling surge protection device is connected to power supply voltage and leakage current, the power supply voltage and the leakage current are processed by the voltage sampling signal processing unit and the leakage current signal processing unit in the signal processing module and then are input to the MCU main control unit, and the MCU main control unit obtains accurate phase angles of the leakage current and the voltage by calculating through an algorithm and eliminating influences of phase-to-phase interference, power grid harmonics and ambient temperature. This phase angle is used to estimate the remaining life of the SPD online, as will be described in detail below with reference to fig. 5 and 6.

The grounding state detection circuit designed by the photoelectric coupler can effectively detect whether the grounding downlead of the SPD is reliably connected or not, alarm information is timely given through monitoring of the intelligent surge protector, and accidents caused by missing connection or infirm connection of the grounding downlead can be effectively reduced.

According to the surge protector disclosed by the embodiment of the disclosure, the functions of voltage acquisition, surge current peak acquisition, piezoresistor leakage current acquisition, grounding state monitoring, backup protector accessory action monitoring, SPD working state monitoring, temperature measurement, communication, indication and the like are integrated, the working state parameters of the SPD can be monitored in real time, data interaction is carried out with a previous-level management platform through a Modbus protocol, and the intelligent operation and maintenance management of the surge protector is realized.

In the conventional art, the detection device used in cooperation with the surge protector is generally provided with alarm thresholds, which include leakage current flowing through the SPD, the number of surge impacts to which the SPD is subjected, the peak value and duration of the surge current, and the temperature rise of the varistor. When the measured value exceeds the set threshold value, the SPD gives alarm information locally or remotely to prompt that a new SPD needs to be replaced.

The aging static state of the core element piezoresistor (MOV) in the surge protector is mainly embodied in the U of the piezoresistor _1mA And I _ie In which the voltage U is dependent on _1mA I.e. the nominal varistor voltage of the varistor, which is usually the voltage measured by a constant current source outputting a direct current of 1mA through the varistor, I _ie Typically a dc current through the varistor measured when 0.75 times the varistor voltage is applied across the varistor.

Method for predicting residual life of SPD (Surge protective device) based on U of piezoresistor _1mA And I _ie A change in (c). However, U _1mA And I _ie The measurement of (2) needs to be carried out by using a specific instrument such as a lightning protection element tester and the like when the SPD is powered off and offline. That is to say based on U _1mA And I _ie The determined threshold value for predicting the MOV aging is determined by calculation under the condition that the SPD is offline, and the environment in which the SPD is actually used cannot be simulated, so that the aging condition of the SPD under the working condition of actual use cannot be predicted, and the aging condition of the SPD cannot be accurately predicted.

Another method for predicting MOV aging is based on changes in leakage current. At power frequency voltages, the current flowing through the MOV may be referred to as leakage current. Normally, the leakage current will rise significantly only when the MOV is severely aged or about to fail, and the MOV has a very low protection performance and cannot effectively and reliably ensure the safety of the line, and the drawback of alarm delay obviously exists when the leakage current is used to set the threshold value.

Yet another method for predicting MOV aging is based on the number of surge strikes. The surge frequency curve from the MOV manufacturer is measured under a standard laboratory test waveform, whereas in real-world applications, the surge waveform of the line is generally different from the test waveform and causes more aging of the MOV or transient overvoltage. Therefore, the alarm cannot be effectively and accurately performed even when the number of surge surges is used or the aging threshold is set by comprehensively calculating the peak value and the duration of the surge current.

There are additional methods for predicting MOV aging based on the MOV temperature. After the MOV ages, the leakage current passing through the MOV increases, the increase in current causes the MOV to generate heat more rapidly, if the temperature rise is used to set the threshold, the influence of the ambient temperature needs to be considered, and the defect of alarm delay or alarm advance exists.

Therefore, the methods in the prior art cannot accurately estimate the residual life of the SPD actually used in time. To this end, another aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure proposes a method for timely and accurately estimating the remaining life of the surge protector online.

Fig. 5 shows a flow chart of a method 500 for estimating the remaining life of a Surge Protector (SPD) online according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

The method for estimating the remaining life of the surge protector on line is performed after the surge protector is accessed into the circuit system, and estimates the remaining life of the SPD based on the processing result of the relevant data using the relevant data measured in real time.

The data measured in real time includes the supply voltage of the circuitry to which the SPD is connected and the leakage current through the piezoresistor. The power supply voltage may have overvoltage and undervoltage states, and the method can monitor the power supply voltage in real time. Based on the measured data, the phase angle for the power supply voltage and the leakage current is calculated through a calculation model, and the calculation model can eliminate the influence of inter-phase interference, power grid harmonic waves, environment temperature and the like of the current so as to calculate a more accurate phase angle. Based on this phase angle, a plurality of life stages of the varistor can be divided. Through monitoring each data in real time, the residual life of the SPD under the actual working condition can be estimated in a more scientific, accurate and timely manner. The method can estimate the residual life of the SPD in real time according to the online monitoring parameters, and can more accurately reflect the actual working state of the SPD, so that a user can more timely and effectively carry out operation and maintenance.

As shown in fig. 5, the method 500 includes the following steps. In block 501, a power supply voltage in a circuit system to which a surge protector is connected is measured in real time. The real-time measurements are made at a sampling frequency, so the collected supply voltage is the supply voltage over a series of time sequences. Specifically, the power supply voltage of the surge protector connected to the circuit system can be measured by, but not limited to, voltage-dividing resistor step-down sampling, mutual inductor, and the like. In one embodiment, the supply voltage of the circuitry is measured by the voltage detection unit 12 described above. The voltage detection unit 12 may also monitor circuitry for over-voltage and under-voltage, thereby indicating over-voltage and under-voltage.

In block 502, a real-time measurement of leakage current through the surge protector device is made. The real-time measurement is performed at a sampling frequency, so the leakage current collected is the leakage current through the piezoresistor in a series of time series. Specifically, the total leakage current of the surge protector can be measured by, but not limited to, a mutual inductor, a leakage tester, and the like. In one embodiment, the leakage current flowing through the thermistors is sampled by the leakage current transformer 111-I and the leakage current sampling circuit 112-I in the current detection unit 11 described above to obtain the total leakage current.

As shown in fig. 5, in block 503, a phase angle between the leakage current and the supply voltage is determined in real time based on the measured supply voltage and the measured leakage current. In the present disclosure, the phase angle is calculated using a calculation model in combination with the phase-to-phase interference, the grid harmonics and the ambient temperature near the piezoresistors. In the calculation model, the influence of interphase interference, power grid harmonic and ambient temperature on the measurement result is eliminated, and the correction quantity of the phase angle can be calculated

Thereby can be correctedThe phase angle of (c).

As shown in fig. 5, in block 504, the remaining life of the surge protector is estimated based on the phase angle threshold preset for the determined phase angle.

In this embodiment, in response to determining that the surge protector has remaining life, the method further comprises: the detection of the supply voltage of the circuitry and the leakage current of the piezoresistor is continued to calculate the phase angle.

In this embodiment, a method for estimating the remaining life of the SPD online is provided. The method can monitor required parameters (such as power supply voltage of a circuit system and leakage current of the SPD) on line, calculate the phase angle according to the measured parameters, and accordingly estimate the residual life of the SPD on line based on the calculated phase angle, so that the estimation of the residual life of the SPD is more suitable for the actual condition of the SPD, and therefore the method is more accurate and timely, enables the SPD to be maximally utilized, and can timely inform a user of the updated SPD.

In one embodiment, the resulting plurality of phase angles can be divided into several ranges to divide the plurality of phases of the remaining life of the surge protector. In one embodiment, the surge protector aging process is divided into three phases. The first stage is a normal aging stage, the surge protector can normally operate in the first stage, the protection function can completely meet the requirement of surge protection, and a user does not need to perform any operation; the second stage is an accelerated aging stage, the phase angle of the leakage current and the voltage of the surge protector is gradually reduced in the accelerated aging stage, the protection level is gradually reduced, and users with higher power consumption quality requirements can consider replacing the surge protector; the third stage is a rapid aging stage, the phase angle of the leakage current and the voltage in the rapid aging stage is reduced rapidly, the protection level is obviously reduced, and a user is recommended to replace the aging surge protector.

In one embodiment, the preset phase angle threshold may include a first phase angle threshold and a second phase angle threshold, the first phase angle threshold being less than the second phase angle threshold. When the determined phase angle is greater than the second phase angle threshold, the surge protector is in a normal aging phase. The surge protector device is in an accelerated aging phase when the determined phase angle is between the second phase angle threshold and the first phase angle threshold. When the determined phase angle is less than the first phase angle threshold, the surge protector is in a severe aging phase.

In one example, the phase angle further includes an initial phase angle determined based on an initial supply voltage and a measured initial leakage current at a time when the surge protector first accesses the circuitry. In one example, a well-performing MOV whose leakage current is related to the initial phase angle of the supply voltage when the SPD is first measured in-circuit system

Between 85 ° and 87 °.

The leakage current and phase angle of the voltage of a severely aged MOV differ by model difference. The deterioration phase angle thresholds (first phase angle threshold and second phase angle threshold) are based on a number of MOV deterioration test data. MOVs of different specifications show a downward trend in the phase angle of leakage current and voltage as the degree of degradation increases. In response to the phase angle tapering to near the steep degradation phase angle threshold (i.e., the first phase angle threshold), the surge protector enters a steep degradation phase and requires replacement. The inventor finds out through a large number of tests on different manufacturers and different models of sub-sensitive resistors under a low-voltage environment (for example, 230/400V): the first phase angle threshold is substantially in the range of 65 ° to 75 °, preferably between 68 ° to 72 °; and the second phase angle threshold is substantially in the range of 76 ° to 83 °, preferably between 78 ° and 80 °.

In one example, the phase angle of the leakage current to the voltage will depend on the type and material of the MOV used

Defining a second phase angle threshold value, namely a division point of a normal aging stage and an accelerated aging stage; phase angle of leakage current and voltage

Defined as a first phase angle threshold, i.e. accelerated and steep ageing phasesThe division point of (1). However, depending on the type and performance of the varistor, one skilled in the art can determine other values for the initial phase angle, the first phase angle threshold, and the second phase angle threshold of the phase angle, all of which fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

In the embodiment, by setting the threshold value of the phase angle, the residual life of the SPD can be divided into several stages so as to more clearly display the stage of the SPD, and the time point when the SPD needs to be replaced due to rapid aging can be accurately determined.

To more accurately represent the residual life of the MOV, the percentage of the residual life of the MOV can be expressed in percentage.

In one embodiment, the method 500 may further include: calculating a resistive leakage current in the leakage current based on the phase angle and the measured initial leakage current, and estimating a remaining life of the surge protector based on the determined resistive leakage current and a threshold for the resistive leakage current. The resistive leakage current increases with decreasing phase angle. In one example, the resistive leakage current is related to the initial leakage current as a cosine function of the phase angle.

SPD manufactured by taking piezoresistor as core component, and the leakage current measured when SPD is connected to the circuit for the first time is I _e The resistive leakage current can be calculated by the phase angle by the following formula:

wherein I _er0 Is the initial resistive leakage current of the MOV,

is an initial phase angle; i is _er1 The resistive leakage current of the MOV at the division point of the normal aging phase and the accelerated aging phase,

a second phase angle threshold; i is _er2 To accelerate the resistive leakage current of the MOV at the split point of the aging and rapid aging stages,

is a first phase angle threshold;

the resistive leakage current of the MOV at some point before the rapid aging phase,

a phase angle calculated based on the supply voltage and the leakage current at a time prior to the rapid aging stage.

In one embodiment, the remaining life of the surge protector is estimated according to the following equation:

R _L ＝(I _er2 -I _ert )/(I _er2 -I _er0 )*100％。

in one embodiment, when

In time, the residual life of the surge protector is always 1%; when the built-in release of the SPD causes the MOV core to be off-line, the residual life of the surge protector is 0%. When in use

The residual life of the surge protector is 90-100%.

In one embodiment, as shown in table 1 below,the calculated resistive leakage current may be divided into 20 segments, ier ₀ Representing an initial resistive leakage current corresponding to an initial phase angle (e.g., an angle between 85 ° and 90 °). Ier ₁₉ Representing a first threshold resistive leakage current corresponding to a first phase angle threshold. Ier ₁ To Ier ₁₈ Each resistive leakage current representing a linear or non-linear division of the first threshold resistive leakage current and the initial resistive leakage current depends on the characteristics of the MOV's leakage current used as a function of phase angle.

TABLE 1

Although the percentage of remaining life is divided at 5% intervals in the table, the percentage of remaining life may be divided at other intervals, and the division can be non-linear.

In this embodiment, the remaining lifetime of the surge protector is cosine-related to the phase angle, and the phase angle is substantially in the range of 70 ° to 90 °, i.e. the remaining lifetime of the surge protector is proportional to the phase angle, and as the phase angle decreases, the remaining lifetime also decreases.

Fig. 6 shows a relationship between phase angle and remaining life according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

As can be seen from the figure, as the phase angle decreases, the remaining life also decreases. At phase angles less than 70 ° (i.e. the first phase angle threshold), the remaining life is reduced to 0, i.e. the SPD needs to be replaced immediately.

In the present disclosure, the resistive component of the leakage current, i.e. the resistive leakage current, is calculated from the measured total leakage current and the phase angle of the leakage current and the voltage. The phase angle of the leakage current and voltage at each stage of MOV aging and the resistive leakage current split point are determined in conjunction with the MOV aging model. The phase angle of leakage current and voltage measured in real time under normal working of the surge protector and the real-time resistive leakage current obtained after calculation are compared with the phase angle of leakage current and voltage and the resistive leakage current division point of each stage in the MOV aging model, and the aging stage of the SPD and the percentage of the residual life can be judged.

According to the surge protection device, the voltage detection unit and the leakage current detection unit are arranged in the monitoring module, the real-time sampling surge protection device is connected to power supply voltage and leakage current, the power supply voltage and the leakage current are processed by the voltage sampling signal processing unit and the leakage current signal processing unit in the signal processing module and then are input to the MCU main control unit, and the MCU main control unit obtains accurate phase angles of the leakage current and the voltage by calculating through an algorithm and eliminating influences of phase-to-phase interference, power grid harmonics and ambient temperature.

According to the intelligent surge protector disclosed by the invention, the working state parameters of the surge protector can be detected in real time, the aging degree and the residual life of the SPD are determined through the measured phase angle of the leakage current and the voltage, the problems of the SPD are found in time, and the safety fault is reported through local indication or remote communication.

One skilled in the art will be readily able to develop a processing system for performing any of the methods described herein. Accordingly, each step of the flow chart may represent a different action performed by the processing system and may be performed by a respective module of the processing system.

Embodiments may thus utilize a processing system. The processing system may be implemented in a number of ways using software and/or hardware to perform the various functions required. A processor is an example of a processing system that employs one or more microprocessors, which may be programmed using software (e.g., microcode) to perform the required functions. However, a processing system may be implemented with or without a processor, and may also be implemented as a combination of dedicated hardware for performing certain functions and a processor (e.g., one or more programmed microprocessors and associated circuitry) for performing other functions.

Examples of processing system components that may be employed in various embodiments of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, conventional microprocessors, application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), and Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs).

In various implementations, a processor or processing system may be associated with one or more storage media such as volatile and non-volatile computer memory (such as RAM, PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM). The storage medium may be programmed with one or more programs that, when executed on one or more processors and/or processing systems, perform the desired functions. Various storage media may be fixed within a processor or processing system or may be transportable, such that the program or programs stored thereon can be loaded into a processor or processing system.

It should be understood that the disclosed methods are preferably computer-implemented methods. Thus, the concept of a computer program comprising code means for implementing any of the methods when said program is run on a processing system such as a computer is also presented. Thus, different portions, lines, or blocks of code of a computer program according to one embodiment may be executed by a processing system or computer to perform any of the methods described herein. In some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block diagram(s) or flowchart(s) may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved.

Variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed disclosure, from a study of the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims. A single processor or other unit may fulfill the functions of several items recited in the claims. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage. If a computer program is discussed above, it may be stored/distributed on a suitable medium, such as an optical storage medium or a solid-state medium supplied together with or as part of other hardware, but may also be distributed in other forms, such as via the internet or other wired or wireless telecommunication systems. If the term "adapted to" is used in the claims or the description, it is to be noted that the term "adapted to" is intended to be equivalent to the term "configured to". Any reference signs in the claims shall not be construed as limiting the scope.

Claims

1. A method for estimating the remaining life of a surge protector on-line, comprising:

measuring the power voltage in a circuit system connected with the surge protector in real time;

measuring leakage current flowing through the surge protector in real time;

determining in real time a phase angle between the leakage current and the supply voltage based on the measured supply voltage and the measured leakage current; and

and estimating the residual service life of the surge protector based on the determined phase angle and a preset phase angle threshold value.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein,

the preset phase angle threshold comprises a first phase angle threshold,

estimating the remaining life of the surge protector based on the determined phase angle and a preset phase angle threshold comprises:

in response to the determined phase angle being less than or equal to the first phase angle threshold, predicting that the surge protector is in a steep aging phase.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the preset phase angle threshold further comprises a second phase angle threshold, wherein the second phase angle threshold is greater than the first phase angle threshold;

wherein, based on the determined phase angle and a preset phase angle threshold, estimating the remaining life of the surge protector comprises:

in response to the determined phase angle being greater than or equal to the second phase angle threshold, predicting that the surge protector is in a normal aging phase; and

predicting that the surge protector is in an accelerated aging phase in response to the determined phase angle being between the second phase angle threshold and the first phase angle threshold.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein predicting a remaining life of the surge protector based on the determined phase angle and a preset phase angle threshold comprises:

measuring initial leakage current flowing through the surge protector when the surge protector is firstly connected to the circuit system;

determining a resistive leakage current for a time at which the phase angle is measured based on the initial leakage current and the determined phase angle; and

and estimating the residual service life of the surge protector based on the determined resistive leakage current and a preset resistive leakage current threshold value.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein

The phase angle comprises an initial phase angle determined based on an initial supply voltage and a measured initial leakage current at a time when the surge protector first accesses circuitry,

the resistive leakage current comprises an initial resistive leakage current, determined based on the initial leakage current and the initial phase angle, an

The preset resistive leakage current threshold comprises a first resistive leakage current threshold determined based on the first phase angle threshold and the initial leakage current;

based on the resistive leakage current and a preset resistive leakage current threshold, estimating the remaining life of the surge protector comprises the following steps:

estimating a percentage of remaining life of the surge protector based on the initial resistive leakage current, the first resistive leakage current threshold, and the determined resistive leakage current.

6. The method of claim 3, wherein the first phase angle threshold is in a range of 68 ° to 72 ° and the second phase angle threshold is in a range of 78 ° to 82 °.

7. A surge protector device comprising:

a surge protector body comprising a varistor;

a monitoring module, comprising:

a voltage detection unit configured to measure a power supply voltage in a circuit system to which the surge protector is connected in real time; and

a current detection unit configured to measure leakage current flowing through the varistor of the surge protector in real time, an

A signal processing module configured to:

8. The surge protector device of claim 7, wherein,

the preset phase angle threshold comprises a first phase angle threshold,

9. The surge protector device of claim 8, wherein the preset phase angle threshold further comprises a second phase angle threshold, wherein the second phase angle threshold is greater than the first phase angle threshold;

the signal processing module is further configured to:

10. The surge protector device of claim 8,

the current detection unit is further configured to: measuring an initial leakage current flowing through the surge protector when the surge protector is initially connected to the circuit system;

the signal processing module is further configured to: determining a resistive leakage current for a time at which the phase angle is measured based on the initial leakage current and the determined phase angle; and estimating the residual service life of the surge protection device based on the determined resistive leakage current and a preset resistive leakage current threshold value.

11. The surge protector device of claim 10, wherein

the signal processing module is further configured to: estimating a percentage of a remaining life of the surge protector based on the initial resistive leakage current, the first resistive leakage current threshold, and the determined resistive leakage current.

12. The surge protector device of claim 7, the signal processing module further comprising a temperature measurement unit configured to measure an ambient temperature,

the signal processing module is further configured to:

determining a correction amount for the phase angle based at least in part on the ambient temperature.

13. The surge protector device of claim 7, wherein the voltage detection unit is further configured to monitor the circuitry for over-voltage and under-voltage conditions;

the current detection unit includes:

a leakage current detection unit configured to measure a leakage current flowing through the varistor of the surge protector; and

an inrush current detection unit configured to measure an inrush current flowing through the surge protector.

14. The surge protector device of claim 7, wherein,

the monitoring module further comprises:

a remote signaling signal interface configured to receive a remote signaling signal; and/or

A backup dongle accessory signal interface configured to receive a backup dongle accessory signal;

the signal processing module further includes:

a remote signaling signal processing unit configured to process the remote signaling signal;

a backup protector accessory signal processing unit configured to process the backup protector accessory signal;

a ground state detection unit configured to detect a ground state of the surge protector; and/or

A communication unit configured to remotely transmit the signal processed by the signal processing module to a remote management platform.

15. An electronic device, comprising:

a processor; and

a memory coupled with the processor, the memory having instructions stored therein that, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to perform acts comprising:

measuring leakage current flowing through the surge protector in real time;