CN115468463A - Blasting construction method for controlling overbreak and underexcavation - Google Patents
Blasting construction method for controlling overbreak and underexcavation Download PDFInfo
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- CN115468463A CN115468463A CN202210700187.0A CN202210700187A CN115468463A CN 115468463 A CN115468463 A CN 115468463A CN 202210700187 A CN202210700187 A CN 202210700187A CN 115468463 A CN115468463 A CN 115468463A
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- blasting
- holes
- overbreak
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- water bag
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and discloses a blasting construction method for controlling overbreak and underexcavation, which comprises the following steps: s1, judging geological conditions, and determining the use amount of explosives according to the judgment result; s2, measuring and paying off; determining and marking the position of a blast hole; s3, drilling a blast hole; the blast holes are sequentially provided with peripheral holes, cut holes and auxiliary holes from the contour line of the tunnel to the center; drilling a plurality of footage lengths on the peripheral holes, and respectively drilling one footage length on the cutting holes and the auxiliary holes; s4, charging; wherein, a water bag with a length of a footage is arranged at the peripheral hole, the water bag is pushed to a position with a second footage after the arrangement is finished, and explosives, electric detonators and stemming are arranged in the first footage; arranging explosive, electric detonator and stemming in the cut hole and the auxiliary hole; s5, connecting a detonation network; detonating; and (6) deslagging. The invention utilizes the water bag to control the propagation of blasting waves and control overbreak and underbreak; meanwhile, the method plays a certain pre-cracking role in surrounding rocks of the next blasting cycle, and reduces the usage amount of the explosive of the next cycle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a blasting construction method for controlling overbreak and underexcavation.
Background
With the intensive railway road network and the development of remote areas, new challenges are brought to the tunnel construction environment continuously, and unfavorable geology such as weak surrounding rocks, joint stratums and the like is also greatly shown. Poor construction modes can cause the problems of over-excavation and under-excavation, and the like, and the problems of over-excavation and over-excavation are caused by the fact that blasting is needed to be supplemented, so that the economic construction cost is improved, and how to optimize is one of the existing problems; secondly, a large number of tunnel projects also bring about a large number of high construction costs, the projects are cumbersome, a large amount of labor is required, and the construction method needs to be optimized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the blasting construction method for controlling the overbreak and underbreak, which controls the overbreak and underbreak, reduces the construction complexity, saves resources and controls the production cost.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a blasting construction method for controlling overbreak and underbreak comprises the following steps:
s1, judging geological conditions, and determining the use amount of explosives according to the judgment result;
s2, measuring and paying off; determining and marking the positions of the blast holes, and determining to perform a plurality of blasting cycles;
s3, drilling a blast hole; the blasting holes are sequentially provided with peripheral holes, cut holes and auxiliary holes from the contour line of the tunnel to the center; drilling a plurality of footage lengths on the peripheral holes, and respectively drilling one footage length on the cutting holes and the auxiliary holes;
s4, charging powder in the blast hole; the water bag is pushed to the position of a second footage length after the arrangement is finished, and explosives, electric detonators, blasting lines and stemming are distributed in the first footage length; arranging explosive, electric detonator, blasting line and stemming in the cut hole and the auxiliary hole; the blasting wire is connected with an electric detonator and extends to the outside of the eye opening, and the eye opening is plugged by the stemming;
s5, connecting a detonation network; detonating; and (6) deslagging.
Further, after step S5, the method further includes: and S6, measuring the looseness degrees of the overbreak and the next circulating surrounding rock, and optimizing the usage amount of the blasting water bag and the explosive.
Further, the method for measuring the pay-off line comprises the following steps: and respectively installing laser direction instruments at the vault and two side walls within 50m from the tunnel face for controlling the tunneling direction of the tunnel, arranging wire control points in the tunnel, and paying off tunnel contour lines on the tunnel face by using a total station.
Preferably, the peripheral hole is drilled with three footage lengths in step S3.
Preferably, the water bladder is embedded in the fixing tube in step S4.
Furthermore, blasting lines outside the eye openings are connected in series, and the blasting lines are charged once and detonated once.
Further, in step S6, if underdigging, increasing the amount of water pockets in the next cycle; if the water bag is over dug, the amount of the water bag in the next circulation is reduced.
Further, in the step S6, if the surrounding rock is too loose, the water sac amount and the explosive amount are reduced in the next cycle; if the surrounding rock is too hard, the next cycle increases the amount of water bags and explosive.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the over-and-under excavation control blasting construction method, the water bags are arranged on the peripheral holes, so that the blasting effect of the explosive of the slotted hole cannot be influenced, and meanwhile, the propagation of blasting waves can be controlled, and the over-and-under excavation is controlled; the water bag is utilized to perform certain pre-cracking effect on the surrounding rock of the next blasting cycle to a certain extent, so that the usage amount of the explosive of the next cycle is reduced;
2. according to the blasting construction method for controlling the overbreak and the undermining, the peripheral holes are tunneled for a plurality of footage lengths at one time, so that the advance judgment of geological conditions is facilitated, and the overall planning is realized; the using efficiency of the machine is improved, the number of the machines and the personnel is controlled, the repeated entering and exiting times of the machines and the personnel is reduced, and the fund is saved; the cutting hole still keeps one footage length per cycle, and the whole blasting effect can be well restrained;
3. according to the over-short excavation control blasting construction method, after blasting, if the water bag is broken, water flows out, the treatment is convenient, and the environment is not polluted.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from the drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exemplary illustration of a face blast hole arrangement of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a charge structure diagram and initiation flow diagram of the peripheral eye of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-footage length; 2, stemming; 3-an explosive; 4-water bag; 5-electric detonator; 6-peripheral eye; 7, cutting out a slot hole; 8-auxiliary eye; and 9-blasting line.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without making any creative effort belong to the protection scope of the present application.
A blasting construction method for controlling overbreak and underbreak is suitable for the blasting construction of a full-section excavated tunnel; the process is shown in fig. 1, and specifically includes the following steps:
s1, judging geological conditions;
after each cycle of excavation is finished, the surrounding rock is observed and described along with the excavation surface, the joint fracture state of the surrounding rock is judged, and then the explosive usage amount is determined according to the judgment result.
S2, measuring and paying off; determining and marking the positions of the blast holes, and determining to perform a plurality of blasting cycles;
and laser direction instruments are respectively arranged at the vault and the two side walls within 50m from the tunnel face and used for controlling the tunneling direction of the tunnel, meanwhile, lead control points are distributed in the tunnel, and the tunnel contour line on the tunnel face is accurately paid off by using the total station.
S3, drilling a blast hole;
the blast holes are sequentially provided with peripheral holes 6, cut holes 7 and auxiliary holes 8 from the contour line of the tunnel to the center; the arrangement of the blast holes is shown in figure 2, the number of the blast holes and the interval between the blast holes can be encrypted or sparse according to the specific condition of the tunnel; wherein, a plurality of footage lengths 1 are drilled on the peripheral holes 6, one footage length 1 is drilled on the slotted hole 7 and the auxiliary hole 8 respectively, and the footage length can be adjusted according to the requirement.
S4, charging powder in the blast hole;
the method comprises the following steps that a water bag 4 with a footage length is arranged in a peripheral hole 6, specifically, the water bag 4 with the required amount is buried in a fixed pipe, the water bag 4 is pushed to a second footage length after arrangement, and an explosive 3, an electric detonator 5, a blasting wire 9 and stemming 2 are arranged in the first footage length; the charge structure and the initiation flow of the peripheral holes are shown in FIG. 3; arranging explosive 3, electric detonator 5, blasting wire 9 and stemming 2 in the cut hole and the auxiliary hole; the blasting line 9 is connected with the electric detonator 5 and extends to the outside of the hole, and the stemming 2 blocks the hole; the dosage of the water bag is determined according to the grade of the surrounding rock, the geological condition judgment, the measurement pay-off, the previous cycle overbreak and underbreak amount and the like, and the dosage of the charge is determined according to the dosage of the water bag, the grade of the surrounding rock, the geological condition judgment, the measurement pay-off, the previous cycle overbreak and underbreak amount and the like; the explosive 3 may be selected to be a coupled charge or a non-coupled charge as desired.
S5, connecting a detonation network; detonating; and (5) waiting for the water in the water bag to naturally flow out, cleaning dangerous stones and discharging slag.
The blasting lines 9 outside the eye openings are connected in series, and the explosive is charged once and detonated once; before detonation, non-explosive personnel are evacuated to a safety area, and detonation can be carried out after warning setting is completed and safety regulations are met; if blind, special treatment is carried out.
S6, measuring the surrounding rock loosening degrees of the overbreak and the next circulation, and if the surrounding rock is underexcavated, distributing more water bags in the next circulation; if the water bag is over-dug, fewer water bags are arranged in the next circulation; if the looseness exists, the amount of the water sac and the explosive amount can be reduced properly; if the explosive is too hard, the amount of the water sac and the explosive amount can be increased properly.
And S7, drilling a next cut hole and an auxiliary hole with the length of the footage.
S8, repeating S4-S7 until the cutting holes and the auxiliary holes are drilled to the bottoms of the peripheral holes; arranging explosive, electric detonators and stemming in all the blasting holes, and determining the explosive loading according to the grade of surrounding rock, geological condition judgment, measurement pay-off, previous cycle overbreak amount and the like; detonating; cleaning dangerous stones and discharging slag.
And S9, repeating S3-S8 until the construction is finished.
The invention discloses a blasting construction method for controlling overbreak and underbreak, wherein a plurality of footage lengths are drilled in peripheral holes at one time, water bags are arranged in the peripheral holes, when explosives in the peripheral holes explode, blasting waves are transmitted in the axial direction of the overbreak by taking the water bags as media to form axial blasting, and the action of loosening the next blasting area is achieved; the slotting holes and the auxiliary holes are drilled with one footage length each time, so that the construction stability is ensured; controlling explosive amount through geological condition judgment, realizing control over undermining, arranging fewer water bags on a fragile rock mass, and arranging more water bags on a hard rock mass for control; by using the former cycle, the peripheral holes only need to be drilled once, and fewer explosives are used in the next cycle, so that the safety is high, and the mining blasting efficiency is high; and after blasting, if the water sac is broken, water flows out along with the water sac, so that the treatment is convenient, and the environment is not polluted.
The present invention is capable of other embodiments, and various changes and modifications can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A blasting construction method for controlling overbreak and underbreak is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, judging geological conditions, and determining the use amount of explosives according to the judgment result;
s2, measuring and paying off; determining and marking the positions of the blast holes, and determining to perform a plurality of blasting cycles;
s3, drilling a blast hole; the blasting holes are sequentially provided with peripheral holes (6), cut holes (7) and auxiliary holes (8) from the contour line of the tunnel to the center; a plurality of footage lengths (1) are drilled in the peripheral holes (6), and one footage length (1) is drilled in the cutting hole (7) and the auxiliary hole (8) respectively;
s4, charging powder in the blast hole; wherein, a water bag (4) with a footage length is arranged in the peripheral hole (6), the water bag (4) is pushed to a second footage length after the arrangement, and explosive (3), electric detonators (5), blasting lines (9) and stemming (2) are arranged in the first footage length; arranging explosive (3), electric detonators (5), blasting lines (9) and stemming (2) in the cut-out holes and the auxiliary holes; the blasting line (9) is connected with the electric detonator (5) and extends to the outside of the eye opening, and the stemming (2) blocks the eye opening;
s5, connecting a detonation network; detonating; and (6) deslagging.
2. The controlled overbreak blasting method according to claim 1, wherein: after step S5, further comprising:
s6, measuring the surrounding rock looseness degree of the overbreak and the next circulation, and optimizing the using amount of the blasting water bag and the using amount of the explosive.
3. The controlled overbreak blasting method according to claim 1, wherein: the method for measuring the pay-off comprises the following steps: and respectively installing laser direction instruments at the vault and two side walls within 50m from the tunnel face for controlling the tunneling direction of the tunnel, arranging wire control points in the tunnel, and paying off tunnel contour lines on the tunnel face by using a total station.
4. The controlled overbreak blasting construction method according to claim 1, wherein: in step S3, three footage lengths are drilled in the peripheral holes (6).
5. The controlled overbreak blasting method according to claim 1, wherein: in step S4, the water bag (4) is embedded in the fixing tube.
6. The controlled overbreak blasting method according to claim 1, wherein: blasting lines (9) outside the eye openings are connected in series, and the explosive is charged once and detonated once.
7. The controlled overbreak blasting construction method according to claim 2, wherein:
in the step S6, if the water bag is not dug, the amount of the water bag in the next cycle is increased; if the water bag is dug, the amount of the water bag in the next circulation is reduced.
8. The controlled overbreak blasting construction method according to claim 2, wherein: in the step S6, if the surrounding rock is too loose, the water sac amount and the explosive amount are reduced in the next circulation; if the surrounding rock is too hard, the next cycle increases the amount of water sacs and explosive.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210700187.0A CN115468463B (en) | 2022-06-20 | 2022-06-20 | Blasting construction method for controlling super-undermining |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210700187.0A CN115468463B (en) | 2022-06-20 | 2022-06-20 | Blasting construction method for controlling super-undermining |
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| CN115468463B CN115468463B (en) | 2023-06-20 |
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