CN115434021B - Short fiber direct spinning process for optimizing cooling forming - Google Patents
Short fiber direct spinning process for optimizing cooling forming Download PDFInfo
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- CN115434021B CN115434021B CN202211230285.9A CN202211230285A CN115434021B CN 115434021 B CN115434021 B CN 115434021B CN 202211230285 A CN202211230285 A CN 202211230285A CN 115434021 B CN115434021 B CN 115434021B
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000010036 direct spinning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009998 heat setting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002074 melt spinning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006801 PBT+PET Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010035 extrusion spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007380 fibre production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009730 filament winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
- D01D5/088—Cooling filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes
- D01D5/092—Cooling filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes in shafts or chimneys
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D4/00—Spinnerette packs; Cleaning thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D4/00—Spinnerette packs; Cleaning thereof
- D01D4/02—Spinnerettes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/12—Stretch-spinning methods
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
- Y02P70/62—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product related technologies for production or treatment of textile or flexible materials or products thereof, including footwear
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of short fiber direct spinning, in particular to a short fiber direct spinning process for optimizing cooling forming, which combines annular blowing and central blowing to realize that cooling air is blown from the outside to the center of spinning trickle, so that the purpose of cooling fiber filaments is achieved, meanwhile, blowing cooling is formed from the center of the spinning trickle to the outside, the inside-to-outside diffusion is realized, then the air flow formed by the annular blowing collides with the air flow formed by the central blowing, the blowing effect on the spinning trickle is further accelerated, the blowing rate and the blowing uniformity are improved, and the fiber properties are further improved; and the parameters of the short fiber direct spinning process are strictly controlled, so that the mechanical properties of the obtained fiber are fully ensured to be better, and the quality of the short fiber is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of short fiber direct spinning, in particular to a short fiber direct spinning process for optimizing cooling forming.
Background
The short fiber direct spinning is that after polyester is melted into melt, the melt is sent into a spinning assembly or a spinning box to be directly spun, namely, the melt spinning is carried out. However, there are a number of parameters in the melt spinning process which will determine the process of forming the fibers and the structure and properties of the filaments, and in the actual melt spinning process, the parameters are controlled to obtain fibers of suitable properties. These parameters are specifically embodied in: melting conditions, spinning conditions, cooling solidification conditions, filament winding conditions, etc., wherein the cooling solidification conditions have a decisive influence on the structure and fiber properties of the fibers. In the prior art, in order to ensure that the cooling speed and uniformity of the polyester melt are better, cooling air blowing is generally adopted in actual production, so that the improvement of the cooling speed is realized, the convection of air around the filament is enhanced, the uniform cooling of the inner filament and the outer filament is ensured, and conditions are created for adopting a porous spinneret plate.
For a long time, the cooling blowing adopts side blowing, but as the requirements of people on the performance and quality of the short fibers are increasingly improved, the production of differential fibers with high added value becomes a main development direction, and simultaneously, higher requirements are provided for cooling blowing solidification conditions, so that a cooling blowing wind direction annular blowing method is developed, and the problem of wind energy loss caused by large blowing area of side blowing is effectively solved. However, with continuous research and improvement of the short fiber production process, it is found that the single circular blowing is difficult to cool and fix the filament at the innermost layer of the circular spinneret plate, so that after the filament at the outermost layer is cooled, the filament at the innermost layer is not cooled, and the problems of uneven fiber, uneven strength, uneven dyeing and the like are caused.
For example: the patent number 201610780369.8 discloses that when the porous PBT fiber DTY is prepared, a structure with the spinneret holes arranged in an elliptical manner on a porous spinneret plate is introduced, so that the effective areas of the spinneret plates are the same, and spinning trickles are easier to blow through when the spinneret plates are cooled and solidified by circular blowing, and the cooling effect is improved. However, the method still has a central point of the spinning trickle, namely, the cooling rate of the filament positioned at the intersection point of the short axis and the long axis is still low, so that the blowing cooling effect is still poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a short fiber direct spinning process for optimizing cooling forming.
The method is realized by the following technical scheme:
the optimized cooling and forming short fiber direct spinning process comprises the following steps:
s1: melting polyester to prepare polyester melt;
s2: preparing a polyester melt into short fibers by adopting a spinning component through a spinning, cooling, winding, bundling, drafting, heat setting, curling, cutting, packaging and warehousing process at 280-300 ℃;
the cooling adopts the combination of circular air blowing and central air blowing, and the temperature of the circular air blowing is equal to that of the central air blowing; the cooling air temperature is 15-30 ℃.
The annular air blowing and the central air blowing are combined, so that cooling air is blown from the outside of the spinning trickle to the center, and air blowing cooling is formed from the center of the spinning trickle to the outside while the purpose of cooling fiber filaments is achieved, the inside-out diffusion is realized, then the air flow formed by the annular air blowing and the air flow formed by the central air blowing collide with each other, then the air cooling effect on the spinning trickle is accelerated, the air cooling rate and the air cooling uniformity are improved, and then the fiber filament performance is improved; and the parameters of the short fiber direct spinning process are strictly controlled, so that the mechanical properties of the obtained fiber are fully ensured to be better, and the quality of the short fiber is improved.
In order to ensure that the middle circular blowing and the central blowing cooling process can be realized, the spinning component preferably comprises a spinneret plate, wherein the spinneret plate is circular, a plurality of spinneret holes are formed in the circumferential direction of the spinneret plate, and a plurality of circles of the spinneret holes are distributed from the center of the spinneret plate to the edge of the spinneret plate; an exhaust pipe is arranged on the central point of the spinneret plate and perpendicular to the spinneret plate, and a plurality of exhaust holes are formed in the exhaust pipe; the spinneret plate is radially provided with a plurality of ventilation channels, the ventilation channels are located outside one end of the edge of the spinneret plate is communicated, and the ventilation channels are located at the center point of the spinneret plate and are communicated with the exhaust pipes.
In order to make the central blowing cooling effect better, the exhaust holes are preferably annularly arranged on the exhaust pipe. More preferably, the length of the exhaust pipe extending from the spinneret contact point to the end far away from the spinneret is at least 20cm, and the interval between the exhaust holes on the exhaust pipe along the axial direction of the exhaust pipe is 0.5mm.
Preferably, the cooling wind speed is 0.5-1.5m/s.
Preferably, the winding speed is 1800-2300m/min.
Preferably, the multiple of the drafting is 1.5-2 times, the temperature of the drafting is 100-130 ℃, and the drafting speed is 100-150m/min.
In order to modify the polyester melt and thus to improve the overall properties of the staple fibers, it is preferred that the step S1 is to add mineral filler to the polyester in an amount of 0.01-0.05% by mass of the polyester before the polyester is melt-prepared into the polyester melt. More preferably, the mineral filler is prepared by mixing diatom ooze and calcined phosphogypsum according to the mass ratio of 1:0.05-0.1, and ball milling the mixture by a ball mill and sieving the mixture by a 4000-mesh sieve. More preferably, the calcined gypsum is obtained by calcining at 800 ℃ for 1 hour, pulverizing, and sieving with 4000 mesh sieve.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical effects that:
(1) The invention combines the central air blast cooling and the annular air blast cooling, and realizes the combination of the cooling solidification forming process combining the outward blowing cooling from the center of the spinning trickle and the outward blowing cooling from the outside to the inside of the spinning trickle, so that the cooling forming effect can be accelerated by utilizing the bidirectional air blast cooling when the spinning trickle is cooled, the spinning trickle can be disturbed by utilizing the mutual collision of the bidirectional cooling air, the cooling effect and the cooling rate are improved, the cooling effect of the spinning trickle is better and more uniform, and the integral mechanical property of the fiber yarn is improved. And the mineral filler prepared by adopting diatom ooze and calcined gypsum is introduced through researches, so that the mechanical properties of the short fibers can be improved.
(2) The invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, low cost and easy industrialized popularization and implementation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the process of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the mounting structure of the spinneret plate of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a right-view schematic structure of fig. 2.
1-an extrusion barrel body 2-a screw rod 3-an air inlet pipe 4-a spinneret plate 5-an air duct 6-an exhaust pipe 7-an exhaust hole 8-a feed inlet 9-a fixing piece 10-a spinneret hole.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further defined below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the scope of the claims is not limited to the description.
As shown in fig. 1, the optimized cooling forming staple fiber direct spinning process comprises the following steps:
s1: melting polyester to prepare polyester melt;
s2: the polyester melt is spun at 280-300 ℃ using a spin pack, for example: spinning at 280 deg.c, 290 deg.c and 300 deg.c, cooling, winding, bundling, drafting, heat setting, crimping, cutting, packing and other technological steps to prepare short fiber; the cooling adopts the combination of circular air blowing and central air blowing, and the temperature of the circular air blowing is equal to that of the central air blowing; the cooled air temperature is 15-30 ℃, for example: cooling air temperature of 15 ℃,20 ℃, 25 ℃, 30 ℃ and the like. The cooling wind speed is 0.5-1.5m/s, for example: air cooling is performed at air speeds of 0.5m/s, 0.8m/s, 1m/s, 1.5m/s and the like. The winding speed is 1800-2300m/min, for example: the filament is wound at winding speeds of 1800m/min,1900m/min,2000m/min,2100m/min,2200m/min,2300m/min and the like. The draft is 1.5-2 times, for example: drafting at a draft ratio of 1.5 times, 2 times, etc., and the temperature of the drafting is 100-130 ℃, for example: and (3) carrying out heat setting drafting at the isothermal temperature of 100 ℃ and 120 ℃ and 130 ℃, wherein the drafting speed is 100-150m/min,100m/min,120m/min,140m/min,150m/min and other drafting speeds.
Make full use of ring is bloied and can be followed circular spinneret edge and blow in cooling air to the center, and the center is bloied and is blown out cooling air to the edge from circular spinneret central point, realizes that the air current that the ring was bloied and the air current that the center was bloied and formed meet and collide in spinning trickle, utilizes the air current collision to disturb spinning trickle then, promotes the cooling effect to spinning trickle, ensures the refrigerated homogeneity of spinning trickle, improves the mechanical properties of cellosilk.
The present investigator has made an improvement on the structure of the spinneret plate 4 in order to ensure that the technical concept of combining the annular air blowing and the central air blowing created by the present invention can be realized, and through experimental study, the improved spinneret plate 4 is included in the spinning pack, as shown in fig. 3 in particular: the spinneret plate 4 is circular, a plurality of spinneret holes 10 are formed in the circumference direction of the spinneret plate 4, and a plurality of circles, such as 10 circles, 15 circles, 35 circles and the like, are distributed from the center of the spinneret plate 4 to the edge of the spinneret plate 4 through the spinneret holes 10; an exhaust pipe 6 is arranged on the central point of the spinneret plate 4 and perpendicular to the spinneret plate 4, and a plurality of exhaust holes 7 are arranged on the exhaust pipe 6; the spinneret plate 4 is provided with a plurality of air channels 5 along the radial direction, the air channels 5 are positioned at one end of the edge of the spinneret plate 4 and communicated with the outside, and the air channels 5 are positioned at the center point of the spinneret plate 4 and communicated with the exhaust pipe 6. The spinneret plate 4 can ensure that cooling air is blown out from a central point, and the realization mode is as follows: through air flue 5 along spinneret 4 radial direction input cooling air is to inside spinneret 4, and the exhaust hole 7 that is again through on the exhaust pipe 6 discharges, realize blowing out the effect of cooling air from spinneret 4 central point position, combine traditional ring to blow setting technique simultaneously, after forming the structure that the ring was bloied to the center with spinneret 4 edge, can accomplish the cooling forming process that ring was bloied and is bloied with the center, make the ring blow air cooling blow into the cooling air to spinning trickle center, the center blow can blow out the cooling air from spinning trickle center to edge, make the cooling air that the center blown out and the cooling air that the ring blow blown out can collide and meet in spinning trickle, then reach disturbance spinning trickle, improve the cooling effect to spinning trickle, make the cooling to spinning trickle more even, fully improve the mechanical properties of fiber.
In use, the spinneret 4 structure described above may be modified as required by those skilled in the art to provide a spin pack assembly for mounting the spinneret 4 structure, for example: when spinning is realized by adopting screw extrusion spinning, the device can be structurally modified and installed as shown in fig. 2, and specifically comprises the following steps: the extrusion barrel 1, a feed inlet 8 is arranged on the extrusion barrel 1, the feed inlet 8 is used for inputting polyester melt into the extrusion barrel 1, a screw rod 2 is arranged in the extrusion barrel 1, the screw rod 2 can push the polyester melt to one end provided with a spinneret plate 4 to form higher extrusion acting force, and the polyester melt is extruded from the spinneret plate 4 to form filaments; the right end of the extrusion cylinder 1 is provided with a spinneret plate 4, and the right end of the extrusion cylinder 1 is provided with an air inlet pipe 3 along the radial direction; after the spinneret plate 4 is installed at the right end of the extrusion barrel 1, the air inlet pipe 3 is communicated with the ventilating duct 5, then a fan for supplying air is connected through the air inlet pipe 3, air supply to the ventilating duct 5 is achieved, the purpose of exhausting air from the exhaust pipe 6 is achieved, cooling air is blown out from a central point position, the effect that the cooling air can be blown out from a spinning trickle center during spinning is achieved, and the cooling effect is improved. As shown in fig. 2, in some embodiments, the spinneret plate 4 and the extrusion cylinder 1 are fastened and fixed by a fixing member 9, such as a bolt, so as to enhance stability and convenience in disassembly, overhaul and replacement.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, the exhaust holes 7 are annularly arranged on the exhaust pipe 6. The uniformity of cooling air blown by the central point is improved, and the cooling effect is improved. In some embodiments, the length of the exhaust pipe 6 extending from the contact point of the spinneret 4 to the end far away from the spinneret 4 is at least 20cm, and the interval between the exhaust holes 7 on the exhaust pipe 6 along the axial direction of the exhaust pipe 6 is 0.5mm. The dense distribution of the exhaust holes 7 is ensured, the uniformity of the central cooling air is improved, and the cooling effect is improved.
In certain embodiments, the step S1, prior to melt preparing the polyester into a polyester melt, adds to the polyester 0.01 to 0.05% by mass of the polyester, for example: 0.01%,0.02%,0.03%,0.04%,0.05% and the like. The mineral filler is prepared from diatom ooze and calcined phosphogypsum according to a mass ratio of 1:0.05-0.1, for example: 1:0.05,1:0.06,1:0.08,1:0.09,1:0.1, and the like, and then ball milling the mixture by a ball mill and sieving the mixture by a 4000-mesh sieve. The calcined gypsum is obtained by calcining at 800 ℃ for 1 hour, crushing and sieving with 4000 mesh sieve.
In order to better and fully explain the technical effects produced by the technical scheme of the invention, the following description is made on the test content developed in the research process so that the person skilled in the art can fully understand the invention, the following embodiments all adopt the spinneret plate 4 structure shown in fig. 3, the exhaust pipe 6 on the spinneret plate 4 is opened according to the requirement, and meanwhile, the annular blowing after the spinneret plate 4 is spun is installed according to the prior art.
1. Circular spinneret plate circular blowing cooling process research
Example 1
Melting PET polyester to prepare PET melt, feeding the PET melt into a spinning assembly, spinning at 280 ℃, adopting annular blowing with the temperature of 20 ℃ and the wind speed of 1m/s for cooling and forming, adopting winding speed of 1800m/min for winding, bundling, drawing for heat setting at the temperature of 130 ℃ and the drawing speed of 150m/min, and then carrying out crimping, cutting-off, packaging and warehousing to obtain the short fiber.
Example 2
Melting PET polyester to prepare PET melt, feeding the PET melt into a spinning component, spinning at 300 ℃, adopting annular blowing with the temperature of 300 ℃ and the wind speed of 1.5m/s for cooling and forming, adopting winding speed of 2300m/min for winding, bundling, drafting for heat setting at the temperature of 100 ℃ and the drafting speed of 1.5 times under the condition of 100m/min, and then carrying out crimping, cutting, packaging and warehousing to obtain the short fiber.
Example 3
Melting PET polyester to prepare PET melt, feeding the PET melt into a spinning component, spinning at 290 ℃, adopting annular blowing with the temperature of 15 ℃ and the wind speed of 0.8m/s for cooling and forming, adopting the winding speed of 2100m/min for winding, bundling, drafting for heat setting at the temperature of 120 ℃ and the drafting speed of 110m/min, and then crimping, cutting, packaging and warehousing to obtain the short fiber.
2. Improved cooling forming process research
Example 4
Based on the embodiment 1, the other steps are the same as those of the embodiment 1, and the circular blowing is closed and the exhaust pipe 6 at the center of the spinneret plate 4 shown in fig. 3 is opened, so that the circular blowing cooling process forms a process of taking the center point of the spinneret plate 4 as the blowing cooling.
Example 5
On the basis of the embodiment 1, the other embodiments are the same as the embodiment 1, and an exhaust pipe 6 in the center of the spinneret plate 4 shown in fig. 3 is opened, so that the annular blowing cooling process forms a process of taking the center point of the spinneret plate 4 as a blowing cooling process, and the air speed discharged from the exhaust pipe 6 is 1m/s, and the air temperature is 20 ℃.
3. Mineral filler dosage study
Example 6
On the basis of the embodiment 1, the other steps are the same as the embodiment 1, wherein mineral filler accounting for 0.01% of the mass of the PET polyester is added into the PET polyester before melting; the mineral filler is prepared by mixing diatom ooze and calcined phosphogypsum according to the mass ratio of 1:0.05, and ball-milling the mixture by a ball mill and sieving the mixture by a 4000-mesh sieve; the calcined gypsum is obtained by calcining at 800 ℃ for 1 hour, crushing and sieving with 4000 mesh sieve.
Example 7
On the basis of example 6, the PET polyester was added with mineral filler accounting for 0.02% of the mass of the PET polyester before melting, in the same manner as in example 6.
Example 8
On the basis of example 6, the PET polyester was added with mineral filler accounting for 0.04% of the mass of the PET polyester before melting, in the same manner as in example 6.
Example 9
On the basis of example 6, the PET polyester was added with mineral filler in an amount of 0.05% by mass of the PET polyester before melting, in the same manner as in example 6.
Example 10
On the basis of the embodiment 5, the other steps are the same as the embodiment 5, wherein the mineral filler accounting for 0.01 percent of the mass of the PET polyester is added before melting; the mineral filler is prepared by mixing diatom ooze and calcined phosphogypsum according to the mass ratio of 1:0.05, and ball-milling the mixture by a ball mill and sieving the mixture by a 4000-mesh sieve; the calcined gypsum is obtained by calcining at 800 ℃ for 1 hour, crushing and sieving with 4000 mesh sieve.
Example 11
On the basis of example 5, the PET polyester was added with mineral filler in an amount of 0.03% by mass of the PET polyester before melting, in the same manner as in example 5.
4. Composition study of mineral fillers
Example 12
On the basis of the embodiment 11, other than the embodiment 11, the mineral filler is prepared by mixing diatom ooze and calcined phosphogypsum according to a mass ratio of 1:0.01.
Example 13
On the basis of the embodiment 11, other than the embodiment 11, the mineral filler is prepared by mixing diatom ooze and calcined phosphogypsum according to a mass ratio of 1:0.03.
Example 14
On the basis of the embodiment 11, other than the embodiment 11, the mineral filler is prepared by mixing diatom ooze and calcined phosphogypsum according to a mass ratio of 1:0.06.
Example 15
On the basis of the embodiment 11, other than the embodiment 11, the mineral filler is prepared by mixing diatom ooze and calcined phosphogypsum according to a mass ratio of 1:0.08.
Example 16
On the basis of the embodiment 11, other than the embodiment 11, the mineral filler is prepared by mixing diatom ooze and calcined phosphogypsum according to a mass ratio of 1:0.10.
Example 17
On the basis of the embodiment 11, other than the embodiment 11, the mineral filler is prepared by mixing diatom ooze and calcined phosphogypsum according to a mass ratio of 1:0.11.
Example 18
On the basis of the embodiment 11, other than the embodiment 11, the mineral filler is prepared by mixing diatom ooze and calcined phosphogypsum according to a mass ratio of 1:0.12.
The quality index of the short fibers obtained in example 1 to example 18 was measured, and the results are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 detection results of short fiber quality index
As can be seen from table 1: the cooling forming mode of combining the annular blowing and the central blowing is adopted, so that the mechanical property of the short fiber prepared by the direct spinning process can be improved, the breaking strength and the breaking elongation are improved greatly, and the toughness of the short fiber is improved; the mineral filler is introduced into the polyester material for preparing the short fibers by the direct spinning process, and the components and the proportion of the mineral filler are properly controlled, so that the mechanical properties of the obtained short fibers can be improved, otherwise, the mechanical properties of the obtained short fibers can be deteriorated; after the cooling forming process and the mineral filler adding process are combined, the breaking strength of the prepared short fiber can reach more than 4.0cN/dtex, the breaking elongation can reach more than 65%, and the mechanical property of the short fiber is greatly modified.
The invention is realized by referring to the prior art or common general knowledge and conventional technical means which are well known to the person skilled in the art, for example: the annular air blower can be installed and designed by referring to the annular air blower setting technology disclosed in the patent number 201610780369.8. In addition, the direct spinning process is not only suitable for PET polyester as a material, but also suitable for PBT polyester materials or PBT+PET polyester materials, and can meet the requirements of preparing short fibers by the direct spinning process, so that the cooling effect in the preparation process of the short fibers is improved, the cooling rate and the cooling uniformity of spinning slivers are improved, the mechanical properties of the short fibers are further improved, and the quality of the short fibers is improved.
The invention has simple technological process, simple equipment improvement structure and low refitting cost, can ensure that the quality of the short fibers is greatly improved after improvement, and is easy to be popularized and implemented in industrialization.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The short fiber direct spinning process for optimizing cooling forming is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: melting polyester to prepare polyester melt;
s2: preparing a polyester melt into short fibers by adopting a spinning component through a spinning, cooling, winding, bundling, drafting, heat setting, curling, cutting, packaging and warehousing process at 280-300 ℃;
the cooling adopts the combination of circular air blowing and central air blowing, and the temperature of the circular air blowing is equal to that of the central air blowing; the air temperature of the cooling is 15-30 ℃;
the spinning component comprises a spinneret plate (4), wherein the spinneret plate (4) is circular, a plurality of spinneret orifices (10) are formed in the circumferential direction of the spinneret plate (4), and the spinneret orifices (10) are distributed in a plurality of circles from the center of the spinneret plate (4) to the edge of the spinneret plate (4); an exhaust pipe (6) is arranged on the central point of the spinneret plate (4) and perpendicular to the spinneret plate (4), and a plurality of exhaust holes (7) are formed in the exhaust pipe (6); the spinneret plate (4) is provided with a plurality of air channels (5) along the radial direction, the air channels (5) are positioned at one end of the edge of the spinneret plate (4) and communicated with the outside, and the air channels (5) are positioned at the central point of the spinneret plate (4) and communicated with the exhaust pipe (6);
the exhaust holes (7) are annularly arranged on the exhaust pipe (6);
the length of the exhaust pipe (6) extending from the contact point of the spinneret plate (4) to one end far away from the spinneret plate (4) is at least 20cm, and the distance between the exhaust holes (7) on the exhaust pipe (6) along the axial direction of the exhaust pipe (6) is 0.5mm;
the cooling wind speed is 0.5-1.5m/s;
the winding speed is 1800-2300m/min;
step S1, adding mineral filler accounting for 0.01-0.05% of the mass of the polyester into the polyester before melting the polyester to prepare the polyester melt;
the mineral filler is prepared by mixing diatom ooze and calcined phosphogypsum according to the mass ratio of 1:0.05-0.1, and ball-milling the mixture by a ball mill and sieving the mixture by a 4000-mesh sieve.
2. The optimized cool-formed staple fiber direct spinning process according to claim 1, wherein the draft is a multiple of 1.5 to 2 times, the temperature of the draft is 100 to 130 ℃, and the draft speed is 100 to 150m/min.
3. The optimized cooling and shaping staple fiber direct spinning process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said calcined phosphogypsum is obtained by calcining at 800 ℃ for 1 hour, pulverizing, and sieving with 4000 mesh sieve.
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| CN202211230285.9A CN115434021B (en) | 2022-10-08 | 2022-10-08 | Short fiber direct spinning process for optimizing cooling forming |
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| CN115434021A (en) | 2022-12-06 |
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