CN115324548A - Temporary plugging staged fracturing experimental device for open hole horizontal well - Google Patents
Temporary plugging staged fracturing experimental device for open hole horizontal well Download PDFInfo
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- CN115324548A CN115324548A CN202110508678.0A CN202110508678A CN115324548A CN 115324548 A CN115324548 A CN 115324548A CN 202110508678 A CN202110508678 A CN 202110508678A CN 115324548 A CN115324548 A CN 115324548A
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 36
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006353 environmental stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/261—Separate steps of (1) cementing, plugging or consolidating and (2) fracturing or attacking the formation
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a temporary plugging staged fracturing experimental device for a bare hole horizontal well, which comprises a cavity, wherein a fracturing experimental sample is arranged in the cavity; a stress loading device disposed on an outer surface of the cavity, the stress loading device configured to apply vertical and horizontal stresses to the cavity; and a temporary plugging agent supply system, wherein the temporary plugging agent supply system provides temporary plugging agent for the pressure experiment sample. The fracturing simulation device and method are used for solving the problem that staged fracturing can not be performed based on a temporary plugging method by simulating the naked eye level in the conventional fracturing simulation device and method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a temporary plugging staged fracturing experimental device for a bare hole horizontal well, and belongs to the technical field of staged fracturing simulation experiments of horizontal wells.
Background
The fracturing technology is a key yield increasing technology in the development of low-permeability oil and gas fields, the horizontal well usually adopts the staged fracturing technology to realize multistage fracturing, the requirements on tool staging are high when the open-hole horizontal well adopts tool staging, the success rate is sometimes low, and the tool-free staged fracturing by adopting the temporary plugging agent is convenient and rapid. The principle is that fracturing fluid is used for carrying a temporary plugging agent to enter a shaft, the temporary plugging agent is used for plugging a front fractured crack to prevent the fracturing fluid from entering a front sub-opened crack, when the fluid is pumped into the shaft at high displacement again, enough high pressure is set, the crack is set and expanded at a new place, and tool-free temporary plugging staged fracturing of the open hole horizontal well is realized.
In the prior art, staged fracturing can be simulated by setting a perforation (controlling the liquid injection position) by using a fracturing simulation experiment device, specifically, the experiment is completed by simulating the stress environment of underground rock and the process of actual fracturing construction, in the process of preparing a rock sample, a plurality of pipelines are buried in a shaft, and outlets of each pipeline are arranged at different positions of the shaft (simulating the perforation). During the experiment, liquid was injected through one line at a time to separately force apart the different sections. In the experiment, a rock sample is arranged in an experimental device, a piston is adopted to directly apply pressure to the rock to simulate the underground stress on the rock, and then fracturing fluid is injected until the rock cracks and enters the cracks. After the experiment is finished, the form of the crack is visually observed, so that the form of the crack in the staged fracturing process is researched, and effective theoretical basis and technical support are provided for practice.
However, the temporary plugging staged fracturing of the open-hole horizontal well cannot be simulated by using the conventional experimental device and simulation method. When the open hole horizontal well is temporarily blocked and staged fracturing is carried out, fracturing fluid is injected firstly to open a crack, then the temporary plugging agent is brought into a shaft by fracturing fluid, the temporary plugging agent blocks a pressed crack opening to prevent the fracturing fluid from entering the pressed crack, when the fracturing fluid is injected again, the pressure is set to be high enough, and the crack is cracked and expanded at other places to realize the staged fracturing purpose. The conventional device and the simulation method can not inject the temporary plugging agent, can not simulate the temporary plugging staged fracturing of an open hole well, can not simulate the temporary plugging of the temporary plugging agent to a fractured fracture and the initiation and expansion of the fracture at a new position.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a temporary plugging staged fracturing experimental device for a bare hole horizontal well, which is used for solving the problem that staged fracturing can not be performed based on a temporary plugging method in the conventional fracturing simulation device and method.
The invention provides a temporary plugging staged fracturing experimental device for an open hole horizontal well, which comprises:
the fracturing experiment device comprises a cavity, a fracturing experiment sample and a fracturing fluid, wherein the fracturing experiment sample is arranged in the cavity;
a stress loading device disposed on an outer surface of the cavity, the stress loading device configured to apply vertical and horizontal stresses to the cavity; and
a temporary plugging agent supply system that provides temporary plugging agent for the pressure test sample.
The invention is further improved in that the experimental sample comprises a cuboid experimental test piece, a shaft is horizontally arranged in the experimental test piece, one end of the shaft is provided with an open hole section connected with the temporary plugging agent supply system, and the other end of the shaft is a cementing shaft section.
The invention is further improved in that the stress loading device comprises a load balancing part arranged on the outer surface of the cavity, and a loading piston is arranged on the load balancing part; wherein the loading piston is connected with a fluid supply system for providing loading force for the loading piston through fluid.
The invention has the further improvement that the load balancing part comprises a plurality of bottom plates, the inner sides of the bottom plates are connected with the fracturing experimental samples, and the outer sides of the bottom plates are connected with the loading pistons; the bottom plate is provided with a groove, and a rotor is installed in the groove.
The invention is further improved in that the loading piston comprises a horizontal maximum stress loading piston and a horizontal minimum stress loading piston which are arranged on the side surface of the cavity, and a vertical stress loading piston which is arranged on the top of the cavity.
The temporary plugging supply system comprises a shaft head connected with the fracturing experimental sample, the shaft head is connected with a first liquid tank and a second liquid tank which are arranged in parallel through pipelines, the first liquid tank is filled with fracturing liquid, and the second liquid tank is filled with a mixed liquid of the fracturing liquid and the temporary plugging agent.
The invention is further improved in that a first valve is arranged on a pipeline connected with the first liquid tank, and a second valve is arranged on a pipeline connected with the second liquid tank.
In a further development of the invention, the fluid supply system comprises a plurality of main hydraulic pumps connected to the first and second fluid tanks, and a plurality of slave hydraulic pumps connected to the loading pistons, respectively.
The invention is further improved in that the fluid supply system is connected with a controller, and the controller controls the starting and stopping of the main hydraulic pump and the slave hydraulic pump.
In a further development of the invention, the controller connects and controls the first valve and the second valve.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
according to the experimental device for temporary plugging and staged fracturing of the open hole horizontal well, a fluid injection system, a temporary plugging agent injection system and a control valve are adopted to simulate a field staged fracturing process, a crack is pressed open firstly, then a temporary plugging agent is added for temporary plugging, and then fracturing fluid is injected to open a second crack; by the aid of the method, the problem that staged fracturing can not be performed based on a temporary plugging method by means of naked eye level simulation in the conventional fracturing simulation device and method can be solved.
Drawings
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental device for temporary plugging and staged fracturing of an open-hole horizontal well according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a fracturing experimental sample of an embodiment of the present invention, showing an initial state;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a fracturing experimental sample according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing the state of adding a temporary plugging agent during the experiment;
in the drawings, like parts are designated with like reference numerals. The figures are not drawn to scale.
The meaning of the reference symbols in the drawings is as follows: 1. the device comprises a cavity, 2, a stress loading device, 3, a temporary plugging agent supply system, 4, a fluid supply system, 5, a controller, 11, an experimental test piece, 12, an open hole section, 13, a cementing well cylinder section, 14, a temporary plugging agent, 21, a bottom plate, 22, a horizontal maximum stress loading piston, 23, a horizontal minimum stress loading piston, 24, a vertical stress loading piston, 25, a rotor, 31, a well bore head, 32, a pipeline, 33, a first valve, 34, a second valve, 35, a first liquid tank, 36, a second liquid tank, 41, a main hydraulic pump, 42 and a slave hydraulic pump.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is clear that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the invention, and not an exhaustive list of all embodiments. And the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Fig. 1 schematically shows a staged fracturing experimental device for temporary plugging of a bare-hole horizontal well according to an embodiment of the invention, and the staged fracturing experimental device comprises a cavity 1, wherein a fracturing experimental sample is arranged in the cavity 1. The outer surface of the cavity 1 is provided with a stress loading device 2, and the stress loading device 2 is configured to apply vertical stress and horizontal stress to the cavity 1. The experimental device of the present embodiment further includes a temporary plugging agent supply system 3, and the temporary plugging agent supply system 3 provides a temporary plugging agent for the pressure experiment sample.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the experimental sample includes a cuboid experimental test piece 11, a wellbore is horizontally arranged in the experimental test piece 11, and the wellbore includes two sections, namely an open hole section 12 and a cementing wellbore section 13. As shown in fig. 3, the open hole section 12 is connected to the plugging agent supply system 3.
Preferably, the test sample is a rock sample of 30cm × 30cm × 30cm, the borehole drilling depth is 20cm, the borehole diameter is 20mm, and the cemented wellbore section 13 of the borehole is cemented with a rigid borehole of 10cm length, leaving an open borehole of 10cm length for the test piece.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the stress loading means 2 comprises a load balancing member mounted on the outer surface of the chamber 1 for uniformly distributing the loaded force on the surface of the chamber 1. And the load balancing component is provided with a loading piston, and the loading piston can be driven by hydraulic pressure to extend and contract so as to apply pressure to the load balancing component. In this embodiment the loading piston is connected to a fluid supply system 4 which provides it with a loading force through the fluid.
When the open hole horizontal well temporary plugging staged fracturing experimental device is used, the fluid supply system 4 provides hydraulic pressure for the loading piston, the loading piston stretches under the driving of the hydraulic pressure so as to apply thrust to the load balancing part, and the load balancing part applies the thrust of the loading piston to the cavity 1 in a dispersing manner to form stress required by an experiment.
In one embodiment, the load balancing member includes a plurality of bottom plates 21, the bottom plates 21 are rectangular plate-shaped structures, the bottom plates 21 are respectively disposed on each surface of the cavity 1 to form a rectangular structure, a space in the middle of the bottom plates forms the cavity 1, and the size of the cavity 1 corresponds to the size of the experimental test piece 11. In this embodiment, the inner side of the bottom plate 21 is connected to the fracturing test sample, and the outer side is connected to the loading piston. A recess is provided in the bottom plate 21 in which a selectable rotor 25 is mounted.
In one embodiment, the loading pistons include a horizontal maximum stress loading piston 22, a horizontal minimum stress loading piston 23, and a vertical stress loading piston 24. The horizontal maximum stress loading piston 22 is arranged on the side surface of the cavity 1 and located on the side surface of the experimental test piece 11, the vertical stress loading piston 24 is arranged on the cavity 1, and the horizontal minimum stress loading piston 23 is arranged on the side surface of the cavity 1 and located on one surface of the experimental test piece 11 provided with the open hole 12 opening.
In one embodiment, the temporary plugging supply system comprises a shaft head 31 connected with the fracturing experiment sample, the shaft head 31 is connected with a first liquid tank 35 and a second liquid tank 36 which are arranged in parallel through a pipeline 32, the first liquid tank 35 contains fracturing liquid, and the second liquid tank 36 contains a fracturing liquid and temporary plugging agent mixed liquid.
In a preferred embodiment, the wellbore head 31 is disposed inside the horizontal minimum stress loading piston 23, the horizontal minimum stress loading piston 23 is connected to the bottom plate 21 in an annular manner, and the middle of the bottom plate 21 is provided with a hole for communicating the wellbore head 31 with the open hole 12. In this embodiment, the line 32 connecting the wellbore head 31 with the first and second tanks 35, 36 comprises a main line 32, and the main line 32 connects the first and second branch lines 32, 32. The first branch line 32 is connected to a first tank 35, and the second branch line 32 is connected to a second tank 36. A first valve 33 is provided on the first branch line 32, and a second valve 34 is provided on the second branch line 32.
In one embodiment, the fluid supply system 4 includes a plurality of master hydraulic pumps 41 connected to the first and second fluid tanks 35 and 36, and a plurality of slave hydraulic pumps 42 respectively connected to the loading pistons. Preferably, the number of the main hydraulic pumps 41 is two, and the two main hydraulic pumps are respectively a first main hydraulic pump 41 and a second main hydraulic pump 41 which are respectively connected with a first hydraulic tank and a second hydraulic tank; the number of the slave hydraulic pumps 42 is three, and the first slave hydraulic pump 42, the second slave hydraulic pump 42 and the third slave hydraulic pump 42 are respectively connected with the horizontal maximum stress loading piston 22, the horizontal minimum stress loading piston 23 and the vertical stress loading piston 24 to supply hydraulic pressure to the horizontal maximum stress loading piston, the horizontal minimum stress loading piston and the vertical stress loading piston.
In one embodiment, the fluid supply system 4 is connected with a controller 5, and the controller 5 controls the start and stop of the main hydraulic pump 41 and the slave hydraulic pump 42; and, the controller 5 connects and controls the first valve 33 and the second valve 34.
When the open hole horizontal well temporary plugging staged fracturing experimental device is used for carrying out open hole horizontal well staged fracturing experiments, firstly, the controller 5 is started, the horizontal minimum principal stress loading piston is started to move under the control of the controller 5, the rock sample is pushed, the rock sample is made to enter the cavity 1, and after the rock sample is made to enter the cavity 1, principal stress is applied to the rock sample in three directions, so that stress borne by the rock in actual underground environment is simulated.
After reaching the underground environment stress. Monitoring and recording fracturing results during construction; firstly, opening a first valve 33, closing a second valve 34, opening a main hydraulic pump 41, injecting fracturing fluid, closing the main hydraulic pump 41 after injecting specified liquid amount, closing the first valve 33, opening the second valve 34, opening the main hydraulic pump 41, and monitoring and recording a fracturing result after injecting a mixture of the fracturing fluid and a temporary plugging agent into a rock sample by a temporary plugging agent supply system 3; after the specified amount is injected, the main hydraulic pump 41 is closed, the first valve 33 is closed, the second valve 34 is opened, the main hydraulic pump 41 is opened by the controller 5, and after the fracturing fluid is injected into the rock sample by the fluid supply system 4, the fracturing result is monitored and recorded; and after the specified amount of the temporary plugging agent is injected, stopping the experiment, opening the experiment cavity 1, taking out the test piece, observing the crack form, splitting the rock sample, and observing the position of the temporary plugging agent and the crack initiation position.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be construed to include preferred embodiments and all such changes and/or modifications as fall within the scope of the invention, and all such changes and/or modifications as are made to the embodiments of the present invention are intended to be covered by the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a stifled staged fracturing experimental apparatus of bore hole horizontal well is temporarily, its characterized in that includes:
the fracturing experiment device comprises a cavity (1), wherein a fracturing experiment sample is arranged in the cavity (1);
a stress loading device (2) arranged on an outer surface of the cavity (1), the stress loading device (2) being configured to be capable of applying vertical and horizontal stresses to the cavity (1); and
a temporary plugging agent supply system (3), wherein the temporary plugging agent supply system (3) provides temporary plugging agent for the pressure experiment sample.
2. The open hole horizontal well temporary plugging staged fracturing experimental device according to claim 1, wherein the experimental sample comprises a cuboid experimental test piece (11), a shaft is horizontally arranged in the experimental test piece (11), one end of the shaft is provided with an open hole section (12) connected with the temporary plugging agent supply system (3), and the other end of the shaft is a cementing section (13).
3. The experimental device for temporary plugging and staged fracturing of the open-hole horizontal well according to claim 2, wherein the stress loading device (2) comprises a load balancing part arranged on the outer surface of the cavity (1), and a loading piston is arranged on the load balancing part; wherein the loading piston is connected with a fluid supply system (4) for providing loading force for the loading piston through fluid.
4. The temporary plugging and staged fracturing experimental device for the open-hole horizontal well according to claim 3, wherein the load balancing component comprises a plurality of bottom plates (21), the inner sides of the bottom plates (21) are connected with the fracturing experimental sample, and the outer sides of the bottom plates are connected with the loading piston; the bottom plate (21) is provided with a groove, and a rotor (25) is installed in the groove.
5. The open-hole horizontal well temporary plugging staged fracturing experimental device is characterized in that the loading pistons comprise a horizontal maximum stress loading piston (22) and a horizontal minimum stress loading piston (23) which are arranged on the side surface of the cavity (1), and a vertical stress loading piston (24) which is arranged on the top of the cavity (1).
6. The open-hole horizontal well temporary plugging staged fracturing experimental device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the temporary plugging supply system comprises a shaft head (31) connected with the fracturing experimental sample, the shaft head (31) is connected with a first liquid tank (35) and a second liquid tank (36) which are arranged in parallel through a pipeline (32), the first liquid tank (35) contains fracturing liquid, and the second liquid tank (36) contains a fracturing liquid and temporary plugging agent mixed liquid.
7. The experimental device for temporary plugging and staged fracturing of the open-hole horizontal well according to claim 6, wherein a first valve (33) is arranged on a pipeline (32) connected with the first liquid tank (35), and a second valve (34) is arranged on a pipeline (32) connected with the second liquid tank (36).
8. The staged fracturing experimental device for temporary plugging of open-hole horizontal wells according to claim 7, wherein the fluid supply system (4) comprises a plurality of main hydraulic pumps (41) connected with the first liquid tank (35) and the second liquid tank (36), and a plurality of slave hydraulic pumps (42) respectively connected with the loading pistons.
9. The open-hole horizontal well temporary plugging staged fracturing experimental device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the fluid supply system (4) is connected with a controller (5), and the controller (5) controls the start and stop of the main hydraulic pump (41) and the slave hydraulic pump (42).
10. The staged fracturing experimental device for temporary plugging of an open-hole horizontal well according to claim 9, wherein the controller (5) is connected with and controls the first valve (33) and the second valve (34).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110508678.0A CN115324548A (en) | 2021-05-11 | 2021-05-11 | Temporary plugging staged fracturing experimental device for open hole horizontal well |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110508678.0A CN115324548A (en) | 2021-05-11 | 2021-05-11 | Temporary plugging staged fracturing experimental device for open hole horizontal well |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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