CN115319416A - High-efficiency millimeter wave multilayer antenna low-temperature brazing method - Google Patents
High-efficiency millimeter wave multilayer antenna low-temperature brazing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115319416A CN115319416A CN202210999516.6A CN202210999516A CN115319416A CN 115319416 A CN115319416 A CN 115319416A CN 202210999516 A CN202210999516 A CN 202210999516A CN 115319416 A CN115319416 A CN 115319416A
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- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011208 reinforced composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910007116 SnPb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003701 mechanical milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 silver ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of electric fittings, in particular to a high-efficiency millimeter wave multilayer antenna low-temperature brazing method, which realizes high-strength low-temperature brazing after the surface function of an antenna part is modified by adopting low-temperature composite reinforced solder, simultaneously meets the requirements of the antenna on the strength and the precision of a butt joint, and subverts the traditional process technical path based on high-temperature brazing, effectively avoids the problems of material strength reduction, difficult modification of the surface of an inner cavity and the like after the high-temperature brazing of a multilayer antenna, and enlarges the application range of antenna materials; meanwhile, the problems of low strength, poor precision and the like of the traditional low-temperature brazing are effectively solved; the technical problem of large loss of the millimeter wave antenna is solved, and the product percent of pass and the production efficiency are greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric fitting, in particular to a high-efficiency millimeter wave multilayer antenna low-temperature brazing method.
Background
Along with the extension of the frequency band of a product from C, X, ku and the like to millimeter waves such as Ka wave bands and W wave bands, the millimeter wave antenna has the advantages of strong anti-jamming capability, high power, high efficiency, low loss, miniaturization and the like, so that the millimeter wave antenna is widely applied to the fields of communication, radars, guidance, remote sensing and the like, and common structural forms comprise a horn antenna, a crack waveguide antenna and the like.
The waveguide channel of the high-efficiency millimeter wave antenna is complex, and various structural characteristics such as deep micropores, deep blind holes and the like are often accompanied in the channel, so that the whole processing cannot be carried out, and the complex channel is formed by adopting a mode of carrying out high-temperature vacuum brazing (580-600 ℃) welding after the layered processing of the shell. In addition, the inner cavity of the millimeter wave frequency band antenna is plated with silver, so that the loss of the antenna can be greatly reduced, and therefore, in order to ensure the high performance of the millimeter wave antenna, the inner surface is required to be plated with silver for modification. The modified layer on the surface of the part after surface modification can only bear the temperature of about 300 ℃, and if the part is brazed at high temperature after modification, the surface modified layer falls off, peels and has low bonding force due to the temperature of 580-600 ℃ in a high-temperature brazing furnace, so that a series of problems of excess in a cavity, large electrical property difference loss, increased standing wave index and the like are caused. Therefore, the millimeter wave antenna can only adopt a processing path of surface modification after high-temperature brazing.
However, the following problems mainly exist in the path: (1) The silver plating quality of the inner cavity after high-temperature brazing is difficult to ensure consistency, and the antenna loss is influenced. On one hand, due to the current shielding effect of the inner cavity, the current is difficult to reach the surfaces of the deep cavity and the blind hole; on the other hand, the cathode and the anode can not be changed randomly, and silver ions in the electroplating solution can not be supplemented in time after being consumed, so that the silver coating on the surface of the antenna is low in binding force, uneven in thickness and poor in silver coating quality consistency. (2) High-temperature vacuum brazing has limitations on the extended application of antenna material systems. The high-temperature brazing temperature is about 600 ℃, so that the application of magnesium alloy is limited, and meanwhile, 3-series aluminum alloy which cannot be strengthened by common heat treatment is equivalent to high-temperature annealing, so that the strength of the material is reduced. In addition, the high temperature brazing weldability of 5-series and 6-series aluminum alloys is inferior to that of 3-series aluminum alloys. Therefore, the application of the novel antenna material is limited.
If soldering is performed at low temperature (below 450 ℃) using a common low temperature solder, such as SnPb, inSn, snAgCu, inPb, etc., the soldering may be performed after the surface of the material is modified, but the following problems also occur: (1) The waveguide cavity is modified integrally, the weldability is good, and solder overflow exists due to wetting and spreading of solder during welding, so that the operation difficulty of solder resist protection is high. (2) During welding, the solder overflows due to the assembly pressure, and the size precision of the welding line cannot meet the requirements of millimeter wave products. (3) SnPb and other low-temperature solders have low strength and are generally used for electric connection, and antenna welding also needs to meet the mechanical connection requirements of parts, so that the low-temperature solders cannot be popularized and applied.
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks, the inventors of the present invention have finally obtained the present invention through a long period of research and practice.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the traditional process of the millimeter wave antenna is as follows: the surface function of the parts is modified after high-temperature vacuum brazing (580-600 ℃), the problems of reduced material strength and poor quality consistency of inner cavity coatings after high-temperature brazing exist, and the high-efficiency millimeter wave multilayer antenna low-temperature brazing method is provided.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention discloses a high-efficiency millimeter wave multilayer antenna low-temperature brazing method, which comprises the following steps of:
s1, layering a high-efficiency millimeter wave antenna to obtain an antenna layered part;
s2, processing and forming the antenna layered part obtained in the step S1;
s3, performing surface function modification on the antenna layered part processed and formed in the step S2;
and S4, splicing and welding the antenna layered parts into an antenna whole by adopting low-temperature composite reinforced brazing solder.
In the step S1, the high-efficiency millimeter wave antenna is any one of a horn antenna and a slot waveguide antenna.
The antenna in the step S1 is made of a light metal material or a light composite material, the light metal material is any one of aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy, and the light composite material is a carbon fiber reinforced composite material.
The number of the layered layers in the step S1 is more than or equal to 2.
The processing and forming method in the step S2 is any one of machining and additive manufacturing.
In the step S3, the surface function modification adopts a method of plating silver or gold on the surface.
The brazing in the step S4 comprises the following specific steps:
s41, selecting a low-temperature soldering lug with strength meeting the use requirement according to the design requirement of the antenna, wherein the soldering temperature is below 450 ℃;
s42, processing the required low-temperature soldering lug by adopting a laser cutting or die forming mode, and ensuring that the final size and shape of the lug are consistent with the welding surface of each layer of antenna part;
s43, after the soldering flux is coated, the soldering lug and the antenna are assembled and fixed in a layered mode through a welding tool fixture, certain welding pressure is kept, and the antenna layered part is enabled to be attached to the soldering lug uniformly;
and S44, designing a temperature curve according to the melting point of the adopted low-temperature soldering flux, and completing the welding of the antenna by using a vacuum gas phase welding furnace or a low-temperature vacuum brazing furnace.
And when the number of antenna layering layers is more than or equal to 3 in the step S4, the same solder sheet or solder sheets with melting point difference less than or equal to 5 ℃ but different components are adopted for the tailor-welding of the antenna layering parts.
The tensile strength of the low-temperature composite reinforced solder in the step S4 is more than or equal to 55MPa, and the low-temperature composite reinforced brazing solder is a composite reinforced Sn-based solder.
The composite reinforced Sn-based solder is a Ni alloy foam reinforced Sn-based solder.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a technical path of millimeter wave antenna part processing and forming, surface function modification and low-temperature brazing (below 450 ℃), the low-temperature brazing after the surface function modification of the antenna part is realized by adopting low-temperature composite reinforced brazing solder, and the antenna part is finally spliced into an antenna whole meeting the requirements;
2. the invention effectively avoids the problems of reduced material strength after high-temperature brazing, poor consistency of inner cavity surface modification quality and the like in the traditional path, further expands the application range of antenna materials, ensures the electric index of a high-efficiency millimeter wave antenna, and solves the technical problem of large loss of the millimeter wave antenna;
3. the method of the invention also meets the strength requirement of the antenna on the welding seam on the basis of low-temperature welding, and simultaneously effectively solves the problems that the strength of the common low-temperature welding flux is low, the dimensional precision of the welding seam can not meet the requirement of millimeter wave products and the like;
4. the invention overturns the traditional process technical path, has low cost, stable assembly quality and high consistency, and effectively ensures the stability of the index of the high-efficiency millimeter wave antenna, thereby greatly improving the product percent of pass and the production efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a horn antenna according to embodiment 1;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a layered structure of the feedhorn of embodiment 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a soldering terminal structure of the horn antenna of embodiment 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a slot waveguide antenna of embodiment 2;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a layered structure of a slot waveguide antenna of example 2;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of a tab structure of the slot waveguide antenna of embodiment 2.
The figures in the drawings represent:
1-a horn antenna; 1-01-horn antenna first layer; 1-02-a horn antenna second layer; 1-03-a horn antenna third layer; 1-04-horn antenna first layer soldering lug; 1-05-horn antenna second layer soldering lug; 2-slotted waveguide antennas; 2-01-slotted waveguide antenna first layer; 2-02-a second layer of a slotted waveguide antenna; a 2-03-slot waveguide antenna third layer; 2-04-first layer of soldering lug of the slot waveguide antenna; 2-05-slotted waveguide antenna second layer bonding pad.
Detailed Description
The above and further features and advantages of the present invention are described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example 1
The embodiment provides a low-temperature soldering method of a horn multilayer antenna.
Referring to fig. 1, the frequency band of the horn antenna of this embodiment is 30GHz, and the material is 3a21 aluminum alloy.
Referring to fig. 2, the horn antenna is divided into three layers, i.e., a first layer 1-01 of the horn antenna, a second layer 1-02 of the horn antenna, and a third layer 1-03 of the horn antenna, according to the electrical performance index and the processability.
And the three layers of antenna parts are formed by mechanical milling, the inner cavity is electroplated with silver after the forming, and the outer surface is subjected to conductive oxidation surface protection.
According to the design requirements of the antenna, a Ni alloy foam reinforced SAC305 soldering lug with the strength meeting the use requirements is selected, the porosity is 70%, the melting point is 222 ℃, the thickness is 0.1mm, and the tensile strength is 130MPa.
As shown in FIG. 3, the same solder sheet is selected for the layered tailor welding of the three-layer antenna, and the melting point and the composition are the same.
The required Ni alloy foam is cut by laser to reinforce the SAC305 soldering lug, so that the final size and shape of the soldering lug are consistent with the welding surface of each layer of antenna part.
After a layer of soldering flux is brushed on the surface of the soldering lug or the welding surface of the antenna, the two layers of soldering lugs and the antenna are assembled and fixed in a layered mode by means of a welding tool fixture, welding pressure of 0.1Mpa is kept, and the antenna layered part is guaranteed to be attached to the soldering lug evenly.
According to the melting point of the adopted Ni alloy foam enhanced SAC305 soldering lug, a reasonable temperature curve is designed through the melting point of the solder, the welding peak temperature is set to be above the liquidus of 252-260 ℃ for 90-120 s, and the welding of the antenna is completed by using a vacuum gas phase welding furnace.
The horn antenna welded by the method has the advantages that the welding seam welding size precision is +/-0.02 mm, no solder overflows from the inner cavity, the silver plating quality of the inner cavity is good, the cavity loss is reduced by 0.3dB/m, and the electrical property is greatly improved.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a low-temperature soldering method of a slot waveguide multilayer antenna.
As shown in fig. 4, the slot waveguide antenna of this embodiment has a frequency band of 80GHz and is made of 5a06 aluminum alloy.
Referring to fig. 5, the slot waveguide antenna is divided into three layers, i.e., a first layer, a second layer and a third layer, according to the electrical property index and the processability.
And all the three layers of antenna parts are formed by numerical control milling, the inner cavity is electroplated with silver after the forming, and the outer surface is subjected to conductive oxidation surface protection.
According to the design requirements of the antenna, a Ni alloy foam reinforced Sn63Pb37 soldering lug with the strength meeting the use requirements is selected, the porosity is 75%, the melting point is 185 ℃, the thickness is 0.1mm, and the tensile strength is 65MPa.
As shown in FIG. 6, the same solder sheet is selected for the layered tailor welding of the three-layer antenna, and the melting point and the composition are the same.
And the required Ni alloy foam reinforced Sn63Pb37 soldering lug is formed by stamping through a die, so that the final size and shape of the soldering lug are consistent with the soldering surface of each layer of antenna part.
After a layer of soldering flux is brushed on the surface of the soldering lug or the welding surface of the antenna, the two layers of soldering lugs and the antenna are assembled and fixed in a layered mode by means of a welding tool fixture, welding pressure of 0.08Mpa is kept, and the antenna layered part is guaranteed to be attached to the soldering lug evenly.
According to the melting point of the adopted Ni alloy foam enhanced Sn63Pb37 soldering lug, a reasonable temperature curve is designed through the melting point of the solder, the welding peak temperature is set to be 215-225 ℃, the time above the liquidus is 90-120 s, and the welding of the antenna is completed by using a low-temperature vacuum brazing furnace.
The crack waveguide antenna welded by the method has the advantages that the welding seam welding size precision is +/-0.02 mm, no solder overflows from the inner cavity, the silver plating quality of the inner cavity is good, the cavity loss is reduced by 1.0dB/m, and the electrical property is greatly improved.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention, which is intended to be illustrative and not limiting. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications and equivalents may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A low-temperature brazing method for a high-efficiency millimeter wave multilayer antenna is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, layering a high-efficiency millimeter wave antenna to obtain an antenna layered part;
s2, processing and forming the antenna layered part obtained in the step S1;
s3, performing surface function modification on the antenna layered part processed and formed in the step S2;
and S4, splicing and welding the antenna layered parts into an antenna whole by adopting low-temperature composite reinforced brazing solder.
2. The low-temperature brazing method for the high-efficiency millimeter wave multilayer antenna according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the high-efficiency millimeter wave antenna is any one of a horn antenna and a slot waveguide antenna.
3. The low-temperature brazing method for the high-efficiency millimeter wave multilayer antenna according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the antenna is made of a light metal material or a light composite material, the light metal material is any one of aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy, and the light composite material is a carbon fiber reinforced composite material.
4. The low-temperature brazing method for the high-efficiency millimeter wave multilayer antenna according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the number of the layered layers is not less than 2.
5. The low-temperature brazing method for the high-efficiency millimeter wave multilayer antenna according to claim 1, wherein the machining and forming method in the step S2 adopts any one of machining and additive manufacturing.
6. The low-temperature brazing method for the high-efficiency millimeter wave multilayer antenna according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the surface function modification is performed by silver plating or gold plating.
7. The low-temperature brazing method for the high-efficiency millimeter wave multilayer antenna according to claim 1, wherein the brazing in the step S4 comprises the following specific steps:
s41, selecting a low-temperature soldering lug with the strength meeting the use requirement according to the design requirement of the antenna, wherein the welding temperature of the low-temperature soldering lug is below 450 ℃;
s42, processing the required low-temperature soldering lug by adopting a laser cutting or die forming mode, and ensuring that the final size and shape of the lug are consistent with the welding surface of each layer of antenna part;
s43, after the surface of the soldering lug or the welding surface of the antenna is coated with the soldering flux, the soldering lug and the antenna layered part are assembled and fixed through a welding tool clamp, welding pressure is kept, and the antenna layered part is enabled to be uniformly attached to the soldering lug;
s44, designing a temperature curve according to the melting point of the adopted low-temperature soldering flux, and completing the welding of the antenna by using a vacuum gas phase welding furnace or a low-temperature vacuum brazing furnace.
8. The low-temperature brazing method for the high-efficiency millimeter wave multilayer antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S4, when the number of the antenna layering layers is not less than 3, the same solder sheet or solder sheets with melting point difference not more than 5 ℃ but different components are adopted for the tailor-welding of the antenna layering parts.
9. The low-temperature brazing method for the high-efficiency millimeter wave multilayer antenna according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the tensile strength of the low-temperature composite reinforced solder is not less than 55MPa, and the low-temperature composite reinforced brazing solder is a composite reinforced Sn-based solder.
10. The method for low-temperature brazing of the high-efficiency millimeter wave multilayer antenna according to claim 9, wherein the composite reinforced Sn-based solder is a Ni alloy foam reinforced Sn-based solder.
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| CN202210999516.6A CN115319416A (en) | 2022-08-19 | 2022-08-19 | High-efficiency millimeter wave multilayer antenna low-temperature brazing method |
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Application publication date: 20221111 |