CN115289675B - Annular combustion type air heater - Google Patents
Annular combustion type air heater Download PDFInfo
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- CN115289675B CN115289675B CN202211157025.3A CN202211157025A CN115289675B CN 115289675 B CN115289675 B CN 115289675B CN 202211157025 A CN202211157025 A CN 202211157025A CN 115289675 B CN115289675 B CN 115289675B
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- Prior art keywords
- combustion chamber
- air
- heater
- mixing section
- mixing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H3/00—Air heaters
- F24H3/006—Air heaters using fluid fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
- F23D14/64—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes with injectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/70—Baffles or like flow-disturbing devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
- F24H9/1809—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for water heaters
- F24H9/1832—Arrangement or mounting of combustion heating means, e.g. grates or burners
- F24H9/1836—Arrangement or mounting of combustion heating means, e.g. grates or burners using fluid fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D2207/00—Ignition devices associated with burner
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of air heaters, and discloses an annular combustion type air heater which comprises an air-oxygen mixing section, an injector, a combustion chamber, a mixing section and a jet pipe section which are sequentially communicated, wherein the size of an outlet of the combustion chamber is smaller than the diameter of an inlet of the mixing section, the mixing section is connected with a mixing air port, and the combustion chamber is connected with an igniter. The invention solves the problems of limited ignition performance improving space, poor ignition stability, poor reliability, difficult application to the air inlet test scene of the annular engine and the like in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of air heaters, in particular to an annular combustion type air heater.
Background
The combustion type air heater (hereinafter referred to as combustion heater) is a device adopting fuel, oxygen and air to perform combustion reaction, the device performs combustion reaction through fuel, air and oxygen to form high-temperature airflow under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, and the airflow flows out through a rear-end nozzle of the device and is used for carrying out related experimental research. The low total temperature means: when the combustion gas temperature of fuel, oxygen and air is low, the total temperature of the outlet airflow of the heater is below 1000 Kelvin (corresponding to the flight Mach number below about 4) in the field of hypersonic combustion ground equipment.
The combustion heater needs to ignite the medium injected into the combustion chamber by the injector by means of an external ignition device so as to ensure the normal start-up of the combustion type air heater, and therefore, reliable ignition is a crucial step for the normal operation of the combustion heater. When the total temperature of the model in a test state is required to be higher, and the equivalence ratio and the flow rate of the fuel and the oxidant are proper, the combustion heater can realize quick and stable ignition, and the normal starting and working of the heater are ensured. However, when the total air heating temperature requirement of the air combustion heater is low, the fuel and oxidant ratio deviation is large (usually, when the oxidant content is excessive), and if the fuel and the oxidant are both injected from the heater injector, the mixing equivalence ratio of the fuel and the oxidant in the area near the ignition deviates from the proper equivalence, and the phenomena of unsuccessful ignition or detonation caused by ignition delay can occur. If the ignition is not successful, the combustion heater cannot operate normally, and the detonation caused by the ignition delay can cause great structural damage to the structure of the equipment. Therefore, in the operation state of the air combustion heater under the condition of lower total temperature, how to realize stable ignition operation is a typical engineering problem.
The common schemes for improving the ignition performance of the combustion heater mainly comprise the following three schemes, namely, improving the energy of a single ignition device or increasing the number of the ignition devices to realize forced ignition of the heater; this approach can be used without any significant deviation in equivalence ratio, but the space for single igniter ignition energy boost is limited and increasing the number of igniters is limited by the structural layout of the fired heater. And secondly, the mixing of the fuel and the oxidant is enhanced by improving the structure of a fuel and oxidant injection unit of the heater. The improvement of the injection unit can achieve the effect of improving atomization and mixing to a certain extent, so that the ignition performance is enhanced, but the fuel and the oxidant are injected into the heater through the injector, so that the ignition performance improvement space is limited.
Thirdly, considering the overall structure of the heater, the equivalence ratio of the fuel and the oxidant in the ignition area of the heater must be controlled in a proper range to ensure reliable ignition. In practical designs, a portion of the air is mixed in as an admixture downstream of the combustion chamber. The combustion at higher temperature in the combustion chamber is ensured, which is beneficial to ignition and flame stabilization. The principle of the dilution cooling is shown in FIG. 1, and the test gas flow direction is from left to right (the same applies hereinafter). The fuel and the oxidant are combusted in the combustion chamber to generate high-temperature fuel gas, the high-temperature fuel gas is mixed with normal-temperature air through the gas mixing device to reduce the temperature of test airflow, enters the spray pipe through the pressure reduction section, and finally forms airflow meeting test requirements through the expansion and acceleration of the spray pipe. The outlet of the nozzle typically has both a rectangular and a circular shape. This configuration heater design is not suitable for combustion chamber design in annular intake mode.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an annular combustion type air heater, which solves the problems of limited ignition performance improving space, poor ignition stability, poor reliability, difficulty in being applied to an annular engine air inlet test scene and the like in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows:
the annular combustion type air heater comprises an air-oxygen mixing section, an injector, a combustion chamber, a mixing section and a jet pipe section which are sequentially communicated, wherein the outlet size of the combustion chamber is smaller than the inlet aperture of the mixing section, the mixing section is connected with a mixing air port, and the combustion chamber is connected with an igniter.
As a preferable technical solution, the fuel injection device further comprises a turbulence column, wherein the turbulence column extends from the combustion chamber to the nozzle section through the mixing section.
As a preferred technical scheme, the turbulence column is of a cylindrical structure.
As a preferred technical scheme, the vortex post is close to the one end of combustion chamber is equipped with arc portion, arc portion to being close to the direction of combustion chamber is protruding.
As a preferable technical scheme, the combustion chamber and the mixing section are both of cylindrical structures.
As a preferred solution, the nozzle section comprises a projection projecting towards the turbulent flow column.
As a preferable technical solution, the blending air port is provided outside the mixing section.
In a preferred embodiment, the igniter is provided outside the combustion chamber.
As a preferred technical scheme, the device also comprises an outlet flange connected with the spray pipe section.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention adopts an expansion type combustion chamber-mixing section structure, and the surplus normal temperature air can be adapted to low total temperature combustion type air heaters of various fuels, thereby having good ignition performance; the requirement on the proportion of ignition fuel and oxygen is low, the stable ignition of the heater can be realized in a wider equivalence ratio range, and the quality of an outlet flow field of the heater is ensured;
(2) The design of an injector and an igniter does not need to be changed, the air inlet requirement of the annular engine is met by increasing the turbulence column form in the mixing section, and the annular engine air inlet test device has the characteristics of high stability and strong reliability and is convenient for engineering application in the annular engine air inlet test;
(3) The invention has simple structure principle and high ignition stability, and is convenient for the engineering application of the low total temperature combustion type air heater.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a combustion type air heater according to the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principles of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a pressure profile for heater firing using the present invention.
Reference numbers and corresponding part names in the drawings: 1. the device comprises an air-oxygen mixing section, 2, an injector, 3, a combustion chamber, 4, a mixing section, 5, a spray pipe section, 6, a turbulent flow column, 7, an outlet flange, 31, an igniter, 41, a mixing air port, 51, a bulge, 61 and an arc-shaped part.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the present invention provides an annular combustion type air heater, which comprises an air-oxygen mixing section 1, an injector 2, a combustion chamber 3, a mixing section 4, a nozzle section 5, a turbulence column 6, an outlet flange 7, etc., wherein the combustion heater is structured as shown in fig. 3. Wherein, one end of the turbulence column 6 close to the combustion chamber 3 is provided with an arc part 61, and the arc part 61 protrudes towards the direction close to the combustion chamber 3; the nozzle segment 5 comprises a projection 51 projecting towards said turbulence column 6.
As shown in figure 2, the heater is a variable geometry structure in a sudden expansion mode, the area of a downstream (mixing section) flow channel of an air combustion heater is enlarged, a part of redundant oxidant (air) is injected into the combustion heater from the mixing section, a cylindrical turbulence column is arranged in the middle of the downstream flow channel of the mixing section, a spray pipe is arranged between the turbulence column and the mixing section, and airflow forms inflow parameters meeting the test requirements through the annular spray pipe. The air combustion heater with the structure can realize stable ignition and simultaneously ensure the parameter conditions at the inlet of the annular engine.
When the low total temperature combustion type air heater of the present invention is operated, the direction of the air flow is from left to right as shown in fig. 3. The injector 2, the combustion chamber 3, the mixing section 4 and the injection pipe section 5 are connected by flanges. The injector 2 mainly completes injection and mixing of fuel, oxygen, air and other combustion media, wherein the air and the oxygen enter an air-oxygen mixing cavity of the injector 2 and then are injected into the combustion chamber 3 through the outer wall surface of the nozzle, the fuel passes through the fuel cavity and then is injected into the combustion chamber 3 through the inner wall surface of the nozzle, mixed gas of the fuel, the oxygen and the air is formed near the downstream of a bottom plate of the injector 2, and ignition and combustion are performed through an igniter 31 on the upstream wall surface of the combustion chamber 3. The combusted gas flows into the downstream mixing section 4 and is further mixed with the mixing air (entering from the mixing air port 41) sprayed on the wall surface to reduce the total temperature of the airflow, and the uniformity of the airflow field is ensured. Finally, the cooled air flow enters the test model through the spray pipe section 5.
The design method and the structure of the invention can be suitable for various low total temperature air combustion heaters, are beneficial to the ignition starting of the low total temperature air combustion heater, can realize the effective ignition of the low total temperature air combustion heater, meet the test parameter requirements of an annular engine, and simultaneously can ensure the good outlet flow field quality of the heater. The whole heater is simple in design and high in ignition stability, and is beneficial to popularization and application of the low total temperature air combustion heater.
The flow control of the combustion medium such as fuel, oxygen and air of the heater is as shown in the formula (1) and the formula (2) in the gas state and the liquid state, respectively. Wherein, the liquid fuel adopts a cavitation pipe to control the flow, and the gaseous fuel adopts a venturi pipe to control the flow. The size of the cavitation and venturi and the pressure upstream thereof determine the magnitude of the flow.
Wherein:
-fuel flow, kg/s;
The heater designed by the invention has a wider low total temperature working range, and can adjust the ignition temperature of the combustion chamber 3 and the flow of the mixing air according to the temperature requirement of the test airflow, and meet the parameter requirement of the test airflow on the premise of ensuring the reliable ignition of the heater. Fig. 4 shows the test gas flow pressure curve, wherein the upstream combustion chamber 3 combustion temperature is 1200K and the test gas flow after mixing in the mixing section 4 is 400K.
Aiming at the ignition problem of the annular low-total-temperature combustion type air heater, the invention provides the combustion type air heater by improving the local ignition equivalence ratio of the air combustion chamber heater by means of an expansion mixing structure. In the air combustion heater, fuel, oxygen and air are injected into the injector 2 to form high-temperature mixed gas close to a proper equivalence ratio in the combustion chamber 3, so that the ignition stability of the heater is improved. Meanwhile, in order to ensure the temperature of the whole air distribution of the heater, normal temperature air is mixed in the mixing section 4 at the rear end of the combustion chamber 3, so that the requirements of stable ignition and better flow field quality of the heater are met.
The invention adopts an expansion type combustion chamber-mixing section structure, and the surplus normal temperature air can be adapted to low total temperature combustion type air heaters of various fuels, thereby having good ignition performance; the requirement on the proportion of ignition fuel and oxygen is low, stable ignition of the heater can be realized in a wider equivalence ratio range, and the quality of an outlet flow field of the heater is ensured.
The combustion type air heater of the invention does not need to change the design of the injector 2 and the igniter 31, meets the air inlet requirement of the annular engine by increasing the form of the turbulent flow column 6 through the mixing section 4, has the characteristics of high stability and strong reliability, and is convenient for engineering application in the air inlet test of the annular engine.
The invention has simple structure principle and high ignition stability, and is convenient for the engineering application of the low total temperature combustion type air heater.
As described above, the present invention can be preferably realized.
All features disclosed in all embodiments of the present specification, or all methods or process steps implicitly disclosed, may be combined and/or expanded, or substituted, in any way, except for mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto in any way, and any simple modification, equivalent replacement and improvement made to the above embodiment within the spirit and principle of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The annular combustion type air heater is characterized by comprising an air-oxygen mixing section (1), an injector (2), a combustion chamber (3), a mixing section (4) and a jet pipe section (5) which are sequentially communicated, wherein the outlet size of the combustion chamber (3) is smaller than the inlet caliber of the mixing section (4), the mixing section (4) is connected with a mixing air port (41), and the combustion chamber (3) is connected with an igniter (31);
the device also comprises a turbulence column (6), wherein the turbulence column (6) extends from the combustion chamber (3) to the spray pipe section (5) through the mixing section (4);
the flow disturbing column (6) is of a cylindrical structure;
one end of the turbulence column (6) close to the combustion chamber (3) is provided with an arc-shaped part (61), and the arc-shaped part (61) protrudes towards the direction close to the combustion chamber (3);
the combustion chamber (3) and the mixing section (4) are both cylindrical structures;
the spray pipe section (5) comprises a convex part (51) which is convex towards the turbulent flow column (6);
the mixing air port (41) is arranged at the outer side of the mixing section (4);
the igniter (31) is arranged outside the combustion chamber (3);
and the device also comprises an outlet flange (7) connected with the spray pipe section (5).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211157025.3A CN115289675B (en) | 2022-09-22 | 2022-09-22 | Annular combustion type air heater |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211157025.3A CN115289675B (en) | 2022-09-22 | 2022-09-22 | Annular combustion type air heater |
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| CN115289675A CN115289675A (en) | 2022-11-04 |
| CN115289675B true CN115289675B (en) | 2023-01-24 |
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| CN202211157025.3A Active CN115289675B (en) | 2022-09-22 | 2022-09-22 | Annular combustion type air heater |
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| CN115823744B (en) * | 2023-02-23 | 2023-04-18 | 中国矿业大学 | Plasma-excited wide-temperature-range combustion type air heating device and method |
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| CN115289675A (en) | 2022-11-04 |
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