CN115162222A - Method for configuring median zone anti-dazzle plants of highway - Google Patents
Method for configuring median zone anti-dazzle plants of highway Download PDFInfo
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- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of highway anti-dazzle, in particular to a method for configuring zonal anti-dazzle plants in a highway, which comprises the following steps: obtaining the plant crown width d 0 Calculating an anti-dazzle angle theta according to the line shape of the road, and then calculating an anti-dazzle angle d according to the plant crown width d 0 And calculating the minimum plant spacing 1 according to the geometric relationship between the anti-dazzle angle theta and the minimum plant spacing 1, and configuring the spacing between adjacent anti-dazzle plants in the median zone of the expressway according to the calculated minimum plant spacing 1. The invention provides a method for configuring median zone anti-dazzle plants on a highway, which can calculate anti-dazzle angles more accurately by considering the linear characteristic difference of routes, further calculate the minimum distance between the plants better and configure the distance between adjacent anti-dazzle plants on the median zone of the highway, and is beneficial to obtaining better anti-dazzle effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of highway anti-dazzle, in particular to a method for configuring zonal anti-dazzle plants in a highway.
Background
When a highway, particularly a curve road section runs at night, a driver is easily stimulated by glare of headlights of oncoming vehicles, and the running safety is affected. The anti-dazzle facilities are divided into an anti-dazzle plate, an anti-dazzle net and an anti-dazzle plant, compared with the anti-dazzle plate and the anti-dazzle net, the anti-dazzle plant has good anti-dazzle effect, can increase the greening rate of the expressway, is superior to the anti-dazzle plate in the aspects of landscape effect and environmental protection, and is beneficial to relieving the fatigue feeling and the monotone feeling of a driver.
However, the existing specification has certain defects on the arrangement of the anti-dazzle plants, certain blindness and uncertainty exist on the arrangement of the anti-dazzle plants in engineering practice, the guiding thought of 'unification and orderliness' is mostly followed, and the linear characteristic difference of a route is not considered, so that the deviation of the anti-dazzle angle calculation is caused, and the anti-dazzle effect of green plants of a central separation zone is weakened. The present invention improves upon the above-mentioned deficiencies.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the background art, the invention provides a method for configuring zonal anti-dazzle plants in a highway, which is capable of calculating anti-dazzle angles by considering the line shape feature differences of routes, calculating the anti-dazzle angles more accurately, further calculating the minimum distance between the plants and configuring the distance between adjacent anti-dazzle plants in the highway, and facilitating obtaining better anti-dazzle effect.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for configuring zonal anti-dazzle plants in a highway comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of obtaining a plant canopy width d0, calculating an anti-dazzle angle theta according to the line shape of a road, calculating a plant minimum interval l according to the geometric relation among the plant canopy width d0, the anti-dazzle angle theta and the plant minimum interval l, and configuring the interval between adjacent anti-dazzle plants in the central zone of the expressway according to the calculated plant minimum interval 1.
Preferably, when the road line is a curve segment, for the curve segment with the turning direction toward the oncoming vehicle, the anti-glare angle needs to be increased by α based on the specification of the anti-glare angle θ of the curve segment, where α is the line-of-sight deflection angle, that is, the anti-glare angle γ = θ + α after the correction.
Preferably, the geometric relationship among the plant crown width d0, the anti-dazzle angle theta and the plant minimum distance 1 is as follows: l = d0/sin θ, and the calculation formula of the standard anti-dazzle angle of the curve road section is as follows:
wherein R is the curvature radius of the center line of the central separation belt at the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is located, b3 is the distance between the position where the driver is located and the center line of the central separation belt at the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is located, and theta 0 The size of the anti-dazzle angle of the straight road section is obtained.
Preferably, the viewing angle α is an angle between a driver's viewing direction and a vehicle driving direction, and when a curve section in which a turning direction is toward an oncoming vehicle is a left-hand curve section, calculating the viewing angle α includes the steps of:
s1, in a plane of a left-hand curve road section, a vehicle is located in an nth lane away from the outer edge of a central separation belt, the width of a single lane is L0, the circle center of a flat curve on the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is located is set as a point 0, the position of a sight point of a driver is set as a point A, the vertex of the flat curve of a lane line on the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is located is set as a point B, the sight line direction of the driver points to B from A, the intersection point of an OA connecting line and the lane line on the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is located is set as a point C, a point D is set as a point on a tangent line passing through the point A, the driving direction of the vehicle points to D from A, the position of a wheel on the left side of the vehicle is set as a point E, the point E is located on a line segment OA, the curvature radius of a center line of the central separation belt on the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is located is set as R, the width of the central separation belt is set as D, and the driver and the vehicle on the inner side of the lane where the vehicle and the vehicle is locatedThe transverse distance of the track line is l AC Let the transverse distance between the driver's sight point position and the left wheel of the vehicle be l AE Setting the transverse distance between the left wheel of the vehicle and the inner lane line of the lane where the vehicle is located as l CE ；
S2, according to the geometric relation, the sight line deflection angle alpha is equal to < AOB, l AC ＝l AE +l CE And satisfies the following formula:
further, it is possible to obtain:
preferably, when the driver drives the vehicle to cross the lane at the leftmost side of the left-hand curve section, n =1, the calculation formula of the sight line deflection angle α is simplified as follows:
preferably, after step S1 and before step S2, a calculation vehicle type is selected and the following data is acquired: the width d of the central separation belt, the curvature radius R and the design speed of the curve road section are determined through the selected calculated vehicle model to determine the transverse distance l between the visual point position of the driver and the left wheel of the vehicle AE Determining the transverse distance l between the left wheel of the vehicle and the inner lane line of the lane in which the vehicle is located by the selected calculated vehicle type and the design speed of the curve road section CE 。
Preferably, the calculation formula of the distance between the anti-dazzle plants in the central separation belt of the left-hand curve section of the expressway is obtained by combining the geometric relationship among the plant crown width d0, the anti-dazzle angle theta and the plant minimum distance l based on the corrected anti-dazzle angle, and is as follows:
preferably, before obtaining the plant canopy width d0, the plant type is selected, and the plant type selection scheme comprises: evaluating the condition of the central separation zone, and providing a constraint condition; judging evergreen arbor for the plant; evaluating the growth characteristics of the plants; evaluating the safety characteristics of the plants; evaluating the plant landscape characteristics; carrying out plant cultivation cost evaluation; and carrying out comprehensive sequencing on plant selection and outputting a plant configuration scheme.
Preferably, before obtaining the plant crown width d0, the plant type is selected, and a plant type selection scheme is made based on an anti-dazzle plant selection system, wherein the establishment of the anti-dazzle plant selection system comprises the following steps: selecting indexes of a criterion layer, selecting indexes of an index layer, determining the weight coefficient of each index of the criterion layer and the index layer by using an AHP analytic hierarchy process, and further sequencing the importance of each index.
Preferably, the site conditions, the functional characteristics and the cultivation characteristics are selected as criteria layer indexes, the site conditions indexes further comprise three index layer indexes of geographic location, local soil adaptability and central separation zone conditions, the functional characteristics indexes further comprise three index layer indexes of anti-dazzle function, landscape function and safety characteristics, the cultivation characteristics indexes further comprise two index layer indexes of growth characteristics and cultivation cost, and the formulated plant type selection scheme comprises the following steps:
selecting a natural region of a road, and carrying out primary plant selection;
evaluating the condition of the central separation zone, and providing constraint conditions;
investigating and inputting the native plants, and filling a plant selection library;
judging evergreen arbor for the plant;
evaluating the growth characteristics of the plants;
evaluating the safety characteristics of the plants when the plants are judged to be evergreen trees, and evaluating the landscape characteristics of the plants when the plants are not judged to be evergreen trees;
carrying out plant cultivation cost evaluation;
carrying out comprehensive sequencing on plant selection;
and outputting the plant configuration scheme.
In conclusion, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention utilizes the actual driving track and the sight line deviation of the automobile driver to correct the anti-dazzle angle, calculates the size of the sight line deviation angle when the driver drives at a left curve by geometric relation, obtains the calculated automobile model under the most unfavorable condition by considering the driving track of the automobile of different automobile models on the curve, and finally corrects the anti-dazzle angle, thereby effectively avoiding the driver from being stimulated by glare in the turning process and ensuring the driving safety;
2. the anti-dazzle plant selection system for the central separation zone of the expressway is established according to an AHP analytic hierarchy process, and the weight of each index is calculated by an expert scoring method;
3. according to the invention, the anti-dazzle plant selection mechanism of the central separation zone of the highway is established according to the weight sorting of each index in the anti-dazzle plant selection system, and the specific operation steps are given, so that the efficiency of plant type selection is greatly improved.
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of a straight line segment antiglare plant of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of the anti-glare plants for a curved road section according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the distribution of the driver's gaze points on a left-hand curve segment in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the driver's gaze points distribution on a right-hand curve segment in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a geometric diagram of a line of sight of a left-hand curve section when n =1 according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a geometrical schematic view of a line of sight of a left-hand curve road section when n =2 according to the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view (unit: m) of the viewpoint positions of a truck and a passenger car according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic flow chart of the anti-dazzle plant selection mechanism of the central separation zone of the expressway of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to fig. 1 to 8 in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 8, the method for configuring zonal anti-glare plants in an expressway disclosed in the present embodiment includes: the method comprises the steps of obtaining a plant canopy width d0, calculating an anti-dazzle angle theta according to the line shape of a road, calculating a plant minimum interval 1 according to the geometric relation among the plant canopy width d0, the anti-dazzle angle theta and the plant minimum interval 1, and configuring the interval between adjacent anti-dazzle plants in the central zone of the expressway according to the calculated plant minimum interval 1. In the technical scheme, different plant types usually have different plant crown widths d0, different road line shapes can influence the calculation of the anti-dazzle angle, the minimum distance 1 set by the plants is closely related to the road line shape, the anti-dazzle angle theta and the plant crown width d0, and the distance between adjacent anti-dazzle plants in the median zone of the expressway can be better configured after the minimum distance 1 of the plants is calculated according to the geometric relationship among the plant crown widths d0, the anti-dazzle angle theta and the plant minimum distance 1, so that the better anti-dazzle effect is obtained. In the present embodiment, the center separator is simply referred to as a middle separator.
According to the standard JTG B05-2015 for highway project safety evaluation, the highway is preferably divided into straight sections, flat curve sections, longitudinal slope sections, combined curved slope sections, tunnel sections, interchange-type three-dimensional intersection sections and other road line shapes according to line shape characteristics. The invention mainly considers the configuration problem of the anti-dazzle plants on the curve sections such as the flat curve section, the curved slope combined section and the like.
Preferably, when the road line is a curve segment, the anti-glare angle of the curve segment with the turning direction toward the oncoming vehicle is increased by α, which is the line-of-sight deflection angle, based on the standard anti-glare angle θ of the curve segment, i.e., the anti-glare angle γ = θ + α after correction. (1-1)
In the driving process of the vehicle on the curve road section, the sight of the driver can be deviated to the inner side of the curve and is more easily influenced by glare.
The road sections comprise left-hand road sections and right-hand road sections, the calculation of the anti-dazzle angle is influenced by left-hand driving and right-hand driving of automobiles, the right-hand road sections are used for vehicle right-hand traffic in the road traffic field of China, drivers are seated on the left sides of the vehicles to drive, on the premise, the road sections with the turning directions towards opposite coming vehicles refer to the left-hand road sections, but the vehicles are used for left-hand traffic in some countries in the world, the drivers are seated on the right sides of the vehicles to drive, and for the countries, the road sections with the turning directions towards the opposite coming vehicles refer to the right-hand road sections.
In the process of researching the visual characteristics of the driver, a fixation point deviation phenomenon is discovered, namely the vision of the driver has a forward-looking effect, the fixation point always falls at a certain distance in front of the vehicle, the fixation point deviation phenomenon comes from the pre-aiming behavior of the driver, the fixation point deviation phenomenon can cause that the visual line direction of the driver is not the same as the vehicle driving direction, and a certain deviation angle exists, so that the anti-dazzle angle can be corrected by researching and calculating the deviation angle between the visual line of the driver and the vehicle driving direction, the plant anti-dazzle interval setting method is further improved, and the deviation angle between the visual line of the driver and the vehicle driving direction is the visual line deflection angle.
In the field of road traffic in China, the pre-aiming behavior of a driver is researched through a car following test, and the fact that when the driver drives at a left-hand curve and a right-hand curve, the fixation points are concentrated at the top points of the curves is analyzed, as shown in figures 3 and 4, the sight line of the driver deflects towards the left side when the driver drives at the left-hand curve section, and the opposite car headlamp is shot from the left side, so that the driver is more easily stimulated by the glare of an opposite coming car, the anti-dazzle angle theta cannot meet the requirement that an anti-dazzle facility shields the glare, and the anti-dazzle angle needs to be increased. Let the viewing angle be α, and the antiglare angle after correction be γ = θ + α. When a driver drives on a right-way curve road section, the sight line deflects to the right side, and the opposite vehicle headlamp is shot from the left side, so that the stimulation of the opposite vehicle glare is reduced, the anti-glare angle theta can still meet the requirement that an anti-glare facility shields the glare, and the anti-glare angle does not need to be corrected. In summary, the requirement for the magnitude of the anti-glare angle is higher for a left-turning vehicle, the anti-glare angle does not need to be corrected for a right-turning road section, and the anti-glare angle does not need to be corrected when the road line is a straight line section. Therefore, when the anti-dazzle angle of the curve road section is corrected, only the size of the view declination angle of the left-turning road section needs to be calculated, namely, only the anti-dazzle angle of the curve road section with the turning direction facing the oncoming vehicle needs to be corrected.
As a preferred technical scheme, the geometric relationship among the plant crown width d0, the anti-dazzle angle theta and the plant minimum spacing 1 is as follows: l = d0/sin θ (1-2),
the calculation formula of the standard anti-dazzle angle of the curve road section is as follows:
wherein R is the curvature radius of the center line of the central separator on the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is located, b3 is the distance between the position where the driver is located and the center line of the central separator on the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is located, and theta is 0 The size of the anti-dazzle angle of the straight road section is obtained.
The straight line section comprises a straight line section and a longitudinal slope section, the plant anti-dazzle principle of the central separation belt of the straight line section is shown in figure 1, and according to the anti-dazzle principle diagram, the minimum distance 1 set by the plants is closely related to the line shape of the road, the anti-dazzle angle theta and the plant crown width d0. According to the geometric relationship, the plant spacing can be expressed as: l = d0/sin θ, where θ is preferably 8 °.
The curve road section comprises a flat curve road section and a curve slope combined road section, the plant anti-dazzle principle of the central median of the road section is shown in figure 2, and according to design specifications (JTG D81-2017) of road traffic safety facilities, an anti-dazzle angle calculation formula of the specifications of the flat curve road section is as follows:
wherein R is the curvature radius of the center line of the central separator on the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is located, b3 is the distance between the position where the driver is located and the center line of the central separator on the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is located, and theta is 0 The size of the anti-dazzle angle of the straight road section is obtained. Because the calculation of the distance between the anti-dazzle plants only needs to look at the plane line shape, the flat curve section and the bent slope combined section are both represented as the curve section under the plane line shape, the line type change of the longitudinal section does not need to be considered, and the standard anti-dazzle angle calculation formulas of the flat curve section and the bent slope combined section are consistent, the standard anti-dazzle angle calculation formula of the bent curve section is as follows:
as a preferable technical solution, the sight-line deflection angle α is an included angle between a driver sight line direction and a vehicle driving direction, and when a curve road section facing a turning direction toward an oncoming vehicle is a left-hand curve road section, referring to fig. 5 and 6, in the figure, a line segment AB is perpendicular to a line segment OB, a line segment AD is perpendicular to a line segment OA, and the sight-line deflection angle α is an included angle between the driver sight line direction and the vehicle driving direction, that is, α is equal to ═ BAD, and the step of calculating the sight-line deflection angle α includes the following steps:
s1, in a plane of a left-hand curve road section, a vehicle is located in an nth lane away from the outer edge of a central separation band, the width of a single lane is L0, the circle center of a flat curve on the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is located is set as a point O, the visual point position of a driver is set as a point A, and the vertex of the flat curve of a lane line on the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is located is set as a point APoint B, i.e. the direction of the driver's sight line points from A to B, the intersection point of the OA line and the lane line on the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is located is point C, point D is a point on the tangent line of the point A, the driving direction of the vehicle points from A to D, the position of the left wheel of the vehicle is point E and point E is located on the line segment OA, the curvature radius of the center line of the center partition belt on the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is located is R, the width of the center partition belt is D, and the transverse distance between the driver and the lane line on the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is located is l AC Let the transverse distance between the driver's sight point position and the left wheel of the vehicle be l AE Setting the transverse distance between the left wheel of the vehicle and the inner lane line of the lane where the vehicle is located as l CE ；
S2, according to the geometric relationship, knowing, the visual line deflection angle alpha is equal to ≤ AOB, l AC ＝l AE +l CE And satisfies the following formula:
further, it is possible to obtain:
as a preferable technical solution, when the driver drives the vehicle to cross the lane at the leftmost side of the left-hand curve section, n =1, as shown in fig. 5, the calculation formula of the line-of-sight deflection angle α is simplified as follows:
according to the geometrical relationship, the closer to the left side the vehicle is in running, the more easily the driver is influenced by glare, so that the sight line deflection angle of the vehicle driven by the driver in the leftmost passing lane is only required to be calculated, and the transverse distance l between the sight line deflection angle and the position of the sight line of the driver and the left wheels of the vehicle can be seen AE And the transverse distance l between the left wheel of the vehicle and the lane line on the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is located CE In connection with drivingWhen the man-driven vehicle is located at the leftmost overtaking lane, l CE That is, the lateral distance of the left side wheel of the vehicle from the left side curb belt.
As a preferred technical solution, after step S1 and before step S2, a calculation vehicle type needs to be selected and the following data needs to be acquired: the width d of the central separation belt, the curvature radius R and the design speed of the curve road section are determined through the selected calculated vehicle model to determine the transverse distance l between the visual point position of the driver and the left wheel of the vehicle AE Determining the transverse distance l between the left wheel of the vehicle and the inner lane line of the lane in which the vehicle is located by the selected calculated vehicle type and the design speed of the curve road section CE . Through selecting a computer vehicle type and acquiring the width d of a central separation zone, the curvature radius R and the design speed of a curve road section, l can be determined AE And l CE Further, the viewing line deflection angle α can be further easily found.
According to the method, the road vehicle running track is assumed to be running on the central line of the road in many road research and design methods in China, but in the process of running the vehicle on a curve, the vehicle cannot run according to the central line of a lane, so that the deviation of the anti-dazzle angle calculation is caused, the influence of the actual running track of the vehicle on the anti-dazzle angle needs to be calculated, and the direct relation among the running track, the running speed and the vehicle type of the vehicle is found through research.
TABLE 1 distance between the left front wheel track of the curve outside of the expressway and the left curb belt
From Table 1, by selecting the design speed of the vehicle model and the curve section CE The size of (2).
Passenger car (small car) and lorry (large car) are used as substitutes for road line shape designThe former vehicle body width was 1.8m, and the latter width was 2.5m. As can be seen from the related researches, the viewpoint of the truck driver is approximately 0.6m on the left side of the vehicle body, and the viewpoint of the passenger car driver is approximately 0.5m on the left side of the vehicle body, as shown in FIG. 7. From this, the calculation of the vehicle type mainly includes a small-sized vehicle and a large-sized vehicle, and for the small-sized vehicle, l AE Selecting 0.5m for large-sized vehicle AE 0.6m was selected.
The calculation formula of the anti-dazzle angle after the plant modification of the central separation zone of the left curve road section of the expressway can be obtained through the formulas (1-1), (1-3) and (1-6):
from the geometric relationship, b 3 ＝d/2+(n-1)*L 0 +l AE +l CE When n =1, it is simplified as: b 3 ＝d/2+l AE +l CE 。
The minimum radius of a circular curve of the expressway is specified in China as shown in a table 2, wherein the radius of the circular curve in the table is the curvature radius R of the center line of the central separation belt at the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is located.
TABLE 2 circular curve minimum radius norm value
| Design speed (km/h) | 120 | 100 | 80 |
| Ultimate minimum radius (m) | 650 | 400 | 250 |
| Minimum radius in general (m) | 1000 | 700 | 400 |
Taking the width d of the central separation belt as 2m and the anti-dazzle angle theta of the straight road section 0 At 8 degrees, the anti-dazzle angle required by different vehicle types under each radius when turning left is calculated according to the table 1 and the formula (1-7), and the calculation result is shown in the table 3.
TABLE 3 anti-dazzle angle correction calculation table (°)
The anti-dazzle angles after correction in the table meet the standard requirements. It can be seen that when the designed speed of the road and the radius of the circular curve are the same, the anti-dazzle angle required by the small vehicle is larger, and the small vehicle is more easily influenced by glare, and the small vehicle is selected as a calculation vehicle type in subsequent calculation according to the worst principle; when the design speed is the same, the smaller the radius of the circular curve is, the larger the required anti-dazzle angle is; the same radius of the circular curve, the greater the design speed, the greater the required antiglare angle.
As a preferred technical scheme, based on the modified anti-dazzle angle, namely an expression (1-7), and by combining a geometric relationship among the plant crown width d0, the anti-dazzle angle theta and the plant minimum spacing 1, namely an expression (1-2), a calculation formula of the spacing of the anti-dazzle plants in the central separation belt of the left curve section of the expressway is obtained as follows:
and (1) obtaining the anti-dazzle plant spacing size of the central separation belt of the left-hand curve road section according to the parameters such as the radius of the circular curve of the curve road section, the width of the central separation belt, the plant crown width, the vehicle type calculation and the like.
And performing example verification according to a formula. From the foregoing, the selection of the small vehicle as the calculation vehicle type AE =0.5m; taking the width d =2m of the central separation belt and the anti-dazzle angle theta of the straight road section 0 =8 °; taking the radius of the circular curve R =1000m, the design speed is 120km/h, referring to Table 1, it can be known that l CE =1.22m; taking the plant canopy width d0=1.5m. The data are substituted into the formula (1-8), and the distance between the central separation zone and the anti-dazzle plants under the condition can be obtained as l 1 ＝6.5m。
According to the investigation and analysis of the arrangement of common plants in the central separation zone of the expressway in each area of the country, the plants are divided into three types, namely evergreen small trees or shrubs, deciduous small trees or shrubs, ground cover plants and the like. Specific parameters are detailed in table 4.
Table 4 survey table for configuration of common plants in central median of expressway
Among the plants, evergreen arbors have the largest canopy width, and evergreen small arbors or shrubs have smaller canopy widths, and ground cover plants are commonly used for landscape setting and have no anti-dazzle function. As can be seen from the above table, the central separation band is provided with the anti-dazzle plant canopy which is concentrated between 0.5m and 2 m.
Referring to tables 3 and 4, the central separator anti-glare plant configuration space is calculated for different circular curve radii R and plant crown widths d0 to obtain a recommended plant space value considering the driver's sight line deviation. The calculation results are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 center bank anti-glare plant spacing recommendation (m) considering driver gaze offset
It can be seen that when the design speed is 120km/h and the plant canopy width is between 1.0 and 2.0m, the setting spacing range of the anti-dazzle plants is 4.4 to 8.7m and is increased along with the increase of the plant canopy width; when the design speed is 100km/h and the plant crown is between 1.0 and 2.0m, the setting distance range of the anti-dazzle plants is 4.3 to 8.6m; when the design speed is 80km/h and the plant canopy width is between 1.0 and 2.0m, the setting distance range of the anti-dazzle plants is 3.7 to 7.4m.
As a preferred technical solution, before obtaining the plant canopy width d0, the plant type is selected, and the plant type selection scheme mainly includes the following steps: evaluating the condition of the central separation zone, and providing a constraint condition; judging evergreen arbor for plants; evaluating the growth characteristics of the plants; evaluating the safety characteristics of the plants; evaluating the plant landscape characteristics; evaluating the plant cultivation cost; and carrying out comprehensive sequencing on plant selection and outputting a plant configuration scheme. In specific implementation, the steps of the plant type selection scheme can be increased or decreased according to actual requirements, and the steps of the plant type selection scheme can also be executed according to a certain sequence, so that a proper plant type can be selected more efficiently.
As a preferred technical solution, before obtaining the plant canopy width d0, a plant type is selected, and a plant type selection scheme is formulated based on an anti-glare plant selection system, where the establishment of the anti-glare plant selection system includes: selecting indexes of a criterion layer, selecting indexes of an index layer, determining weight coefficients of the indexes of the criterion layer and the index layer by using an AHP analytic hierarchy process, and further sorting the importance of the indexes. The determination of the plant canopy width d0 can be facilitated by selecting the plant type.
The AHP analytic hierarchy process is a comprehensive evaluation method for system analysis and decision, and qualitative problems can be processed quantitatively by establishing a multi-level evaluation index system. In this embodiment, the weight coefficient of each index is mainly determined by using an AHP analytic hierarchy process, and the importance of each index is further ranked.
On the basis of the research of the prior art, the indexes are determined by combining with the expert opinions. Selecting a site condition, a functional characteristic and a cultivation characteristic as criterion layer indexes, wherein the site condition indexes further comprise three index layer indexes including a geographic zone bit, a local soil adaptability and a central dividing strip condition, the functional characteristic indexes further comprise three index layer indexes including an anti-dazzle function, a landscape function and a safety characteristic, and the cultivation characteristic indexes further comprise two index layer indexes including a growth characteristic and a cultivation cost; judging the relative importance of each index by adopting an expert scoring method, constructing a judgment matrix by adopting a 1-9 scale method, and respectively calculating according to a formula
And calculating a consistency index CI, wherein m is the index number of the layer, and the eigenvector corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue lambda max is the weight of each index. The specific index system and its calculated weights are shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 anti-dazzle plant selection index system for central separation zone of expressway and weight distribution table
The calculation result shows that in the aspect of a criterion layer, the weight sequence is that the site condition is greater than the functional characteristic is greater than the cultivation characteristic; in the aspect of index layers, the weight sequence is that the condition of a central division strip is greater than the anti-dazzle function, the local adaptability is greater than the growth characteristic is greater than the safety characteristic is greater than the geographic area is greater than the landscape function, and the cultivation cost is greater.
On the basis of an anti-dazzle plant selection system, the scheme operation efficiency is considered, and an anti-dazzle plant selection mechanism of a central separation zone of the expressway is established, as shown in fig. 8.
Firstly, carrying out on-site investigation analysis and research on the natural environment of a central separation zone and the natural environment of a region along a highway, preliminarily selecting a plant range suitable for growth according to the conditions of the site, and establishing a plant selection library; and then screening secondary indexes of the anti-dazzle plants and the matched plants respectively, performing comprehensive scoring and sequencing, and finally determining a plant configuration scheme. The specific steps of the plant type selection protocol were as follows:
(1) And (4) selecting a natural road division, and carrying out primary plant selection.
And selecting a corresponding road natural division according to the geographical zone of the central division zone, and preliminarily selecting plants suitable for growing.
(2) Evaluating the condition of central separation zone and providing constraint condition
And comprehensively evaluating the soil condition, the water content, the temperature change and the weather condition of the central separation zone, and providing constraint conditions for the cold resistance, the drought resistance and other stress resistance of the selected plants.
(3) Investigating and inputting local plant, filling plant selection library
Local and indigenous plants are investigated, plants (arbors, shrubs and ground cover plants) suitable for being planted in the central separation zone are selected, and the plant selection range is expanded.
(4) Evergreen arbor determination for plants
Through the judgment of the evergreen arbor, the plants are divided into the anti-dazzle plants and the collocation plants (the evergreen arbor is the anti-dazzle plants), and the screening efficiency and the screening accuracy are improved through the evaluation and the screening of the plants in the next step.
(5) Evaluation of plant growth characteristics
Whether the plants are anti-dazzle plants or not, the growth characteristics of the plants are evaluated. Analyzing the stress resistance of the plants, such as drought resistance, cold resistance, pollution resistance, barren resistance, sand resistance, high temperature resistance, insect resistance and the like, comparing with the central division zone condition assessment in the second step, screening out the plants which can meet the central division zone condition, and scoring the stress resistance. The scoring criteria are shown in table 7.
TABLE 7 plant growth characteristics C 7 Scoring reference
| Satisfy the condition number of stress resistance | Score value R 7 |
| 5 to 6 items | 0.9-1.0 |
| 4 items | 0.8 |
| 3 item(s) | 0.6 |
| Item 2 | 0.4 |
| |
0.2 |
(6) Evaluation of safety and landscape characteristics of plants
And (3) evaluating the safety characteristics of the plants when the plants are judged to be evergreen trees, and evaluating the landscape characteristics of the plants when the plants are not judged to be evergreen trees. Due to different functional requirements on the anti-dazzle plants and the matched plants, the anti-dazzle plants pay more attention to effectively guaranteeing driving safety, and the matched plants pay more attention to maintaining good landscape and ecological performance of roads. Therefore, the plant safety characteristics of the anti-dazzle plants are evaluated, the plants are firstly screened according to the height and crown width requirements of the plants, the evergreenness of the plants meeting the conditions is scored, and the scoring standards are shown in a table 8.
TABLE 8 plant safety characteristics C 6 Scoring reference
| Evergreen performance | Score value R 6 |
| The color leaves are kept for a long time,and branches and leaves are dense | 0.9-1.0 |
| Evergreen and dense branches and leaves | 0.8-0.9 |
| Evergreen/normal color leaves with dense branches and leaves | 0.7-0.8 |
| Evergreen/normal-color leaves with sparse branches and leaves | 0.6-0.7 |
| Fallen leaves | ＜0.6 |
And (4) evaluating the landscape characteristics of the matched plants, respectively scoring from the aspects of flower and leaf colors, appearance characteristics, ecological benefits and the like, and finally calculating the total score. The scoring criteria are shown in Table 9.
TABLE 9 plant landscape characteristics C 5 Scoring reference
(7) Plant cultivation cost assessment
And (4) simultaneously evaluating the cultivation cost of the anti-dazzle plants and the matched plants, and grading whether later maintenance is needed. The scoring criteria are shown in table 10.
TABLE 10 plant cultivation cost C 8 Scoring reference
| Cultivation conditions | Score value R 8 |
| Good natural growth state without manual intervention | 0.9-1.0 |
| Good natural growth state, and need to be regularly trimmed | 0.8-0.9 |
| The natural growth state is moderate, and the regular maintenance is needed | 0.6-0.8 |
| Poor natural growth state often requires artificial maintenance | ＜0.6 |
(8) Performing comprehensive sequencing of plant selection
The anti-glare plants and the companion plants were evaluated comprehensively according to the weights in table 6. The calculation formula is as follows:
and (3) comprehensive score of the anti-dazzle plants: r = W 7 ·R 7 +W 6 ·R 6 +W 8 ·R 8
And (3) carrying out comprehensive scoring on matched plants: r = W 7 ·R 7 +W 5 ·R 5 +W 8 ·R 8
And respectively sequencing the anti-dazzle plants and the matched plants according to the scores.
(9) Exporting plant profiles
According to the comprehensive plant sorting result, a mode of 'one anti-dazzle plant and a plurality of matched plants' is adopted for matching, and a plant configuration scheme is output.
The invention relates to a calculation and scheme selection method with operability, which is particularly applied to the comprehensive configuration of anti-dazzle plants in a central separation zone of a curve road section of an expressway.
Compared with the prior art, the method at least has the following advantages:
1. correcting anti-dazzle angle by using actual running track and visual line deviation of automobile driver
Most of the existing methods default that the automobile runs according to the center line of a lane and does not accord with the actual running track, so that errors can be generated when the anti-dazzle angle is calculated. The method considers the driving tracks of automobiles of different models on a curve, respectively calculates the corrected anti-dazzle angles, finally compares the corrected anti-dazzle angles to obtain the worst anti-dazzle angle when the small-sized automobile is used as a calculated model, and exerts the anti-dazzle effect to the maximum.
The conventional research does not consider the phenomenon of the driver's line of sight deviation, and in this case, the values of the central division strip anti-glare plant spacing at different design speeds and circular curve radii are obtained as shown in table 11.
TABLE 11 center bank anti-glare plant spacing value (m) without taking into account driver gaze changes
Comparing it with table 5, it can be seen that, when the driver's sight line deviation is considered, the anti-glare angle is corrected, the distance between the anti-glare plants is generally reduced, and the variation range is shown in table 12, so that the opposite glare is shielded more effectively, and the driving safety is guaranteed.
TABLE 12 recommended change amplitude of anti-dazzle plant spacing in central separation zone
Through comparative analysis, the method disclosed by the invention is mainly and innovatively embodied in the following way compared with the traditional calculation method: when a driver drives in a left-hand curve, the sight line can be deviated to the left and is concentrated at the vertex of the curve, so that the driver is more easily stimulated by glare, and the required anti-glare angle is increased. The method calculates the size of the sight line deviation angle of the driver through the geometric relation, considers the driving tracks of automobiles of different types on a curve to obtain the calculated automobile type under the worst condition, and finally corrects the anti-dazzle angle, so that the driver can be effectively prevented from being stimulated by glare in the turning process, and the driving safety is guaranteed.
2. Establishes an anti-dazzle plant selection mechanism for the central separation zone of the highway
After summarizing the principles and considerations that need to be followed in plant selection, the conventional methods do not form a logical clear and effective selection mechanism, as long as the two aspects are embodied. Firstly, factors influencing the selection of the anti-dazzle plant are not considered comprehensively, a complete index system is not formed, and specific qualitative or quantitative evaluation criteria are not provided for all the factors; and secondly, an effective selection mechanism is not formed, and a set of comprehensive evaluation and selection method of the anti-dazzle plant is not provided for practical engineering application.
The method comprises the steps of firstly establishing an anti-dazzle plant selection system of the central separation zone of the expressway according to an AHP analytic hierarchy process, and calculating the weight of each index through an expert scoring method. And establishing an anti-dazzle plant selection mechanism of the central separation zone of the highway according to the weight sorting of each index in the anti-dazzle plant selection system. The mechanism has the advantages that the consideration is comprehensive, the index is representative, and all factors can be sequentially screened layer by layer according to the weight; qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis are combined, so that various plants can be comprehensively evaluated; and the flow is clear, and the method of screening first and then sorting is adopted, so that the operation efficiency of the mechanism is improved.
The parts not referred to in the present embodiment are the same as or can be implemented by the prior art, and will not be further described here.
The skilled person should understand that: although the invention has been described in terms of the above specific embodiments, the inventive concept is not limited thereto and any modification applying the inventive concept is intended to be included within the scope of the patent claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for configuring zonal anti-dazzle plants in a highway is characterized by comprising the following steps:
obtainingPlant crown width d 0 Calculating the anti-dazzle angle theta according to the line shape of the road, and then calculating the anti-dazzle angle theta according to the plant crown width d 0 And calculating the minimum plant spacing 1 according to the geometric relationship between the anti-dazzle angle theta and the minimum plant spacing 1, and configuring the spacing between adjacent anti-dazzle plants in the median zone of the expressway according to the calculated minimum plant spacing 1.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the road line is a curved road section, the anti-glare angle of the curved road section facing the oncoming vehicle in the turning direction is increased by α, which is the viewing deflection angle, based on the standard anti-glare angle θ of the curved road section, i.e. the modified anti-glare angle γ = θ + α.
3. The method for configuring the zonal anti-dazzle plants in the expressway according to claim 2, wherein the plant crown width d 0 The geometric relationship between the anti-dazzle angle theta and the minimum plant spacing 1 is as follows: 1= d 0 The calculation formula of the standard anti-dazzle angle of the curve road section is as follows:
wherein R is the curvature radius of the center line of the central separation belt at the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is located, b3 is the distance between the position where the driver is located and the center line of the central separation belt at the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is located, and theta 0 The anti-dazzle angle of the straight road section is large.
4. The method for configuring zonal anti-glare plants on a highway according to claim 3, wherein the viewing deflection angle α is an included angle between a driver's viewing direction and a vehicle driving direction, and when a curve section having a turning direction toward an oncoming vehicle is a left-hand curve section, calculating the viewing deflection angle α comprises the steps of:
s1, in the plane of the left-hand curve road section, the vehicle is positioned in the nth lane away from the outer edge of the central separation beltThe width of each lane is L0, the circle center of a flat curve on the inner side of the lane where a vehicle is located is a point O, the sight point of a driver is a point A, the vertex of the flat curve of a lane line on the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is located is a point B, namely the sight line direction of the driver points to the point B from A, the intersection point of a 0A connecting line and the lane line on the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is located is a point C, the point D is a point on a tangent line passing through the point A, the driving direction of the vehicle points to the point D from A, the wheel position on the left side of the vehicle is a point E, the point E is located on a line segment OA, the curvature radius of the center line of a center separation belt on the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is located is R, the width of the center separation belt is D, and the transverse distance between the driver and the lane line on the inner side of the lane where the vehicle is located is L AC Let the transverse distance between the driver's sight point position and the left wheel of the vehicle be l AE Setting the transverse distance between the left wheel of the vehicle and the inner lane line of the lane where the vehicle is located as l CE ；
S2, according to the geometric relation, the sight line deflection angle alpha is equal to < AOB, l AC ＝l AE +l CE And satisfies the following formula:
further, it is possible to obtain:
5. the method for configuring zonal anti-glare plants on the expressway according to claim 4, wherein when the driver drives the vehicle to cross the lane at the leftmost side of the left-hand curve section, n =1, the calculation formula of the visual line deflection angle α is simplified as follows:
6. the method of claim 5The method for configuring the zonal anti-dazzle plants on the expressway is characterized in that after the step S1 and before the step S2, a computer vehicle type needs to be selected and the following data needs to be acquired: the width d of the central separation belt, the curvature radius R and the design speed of the curve road section are determined through the selected calculated vehicle model to determine the transverse distance l between the visual point position of the driver and the left wheel of the vehicle AE Determining the transverse distance l between the left wheel of the vehicle and the inner lane line of the lane in which the vehicle is located by the selected calculated vehicle type and the design speed of the curve road section CE 。
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the modified anti-glare angle is used in combination with the plant crown width d 0 And the geometric relationship between the anti-dazzle angle theta and the minimum plant spacing 1 is that the calculation formula of the spacing of the anti-dazzle plants of the central separation belt of the left-turn road section of the expressway is as follows:
8. the method for configuring the zonal anti-glare plants in the expressway according to claim 1, wherein the plant crown width d is obtained 0 The selection of the plant type is performed previously, and the plant type selection scheme comprises the following steps: evaluating the condition of the central separation zone, and providing a constraint condition; judging evergreen arbor for the plant; evaluating the growth characteristics of the plants; evaluating the safety characteristics of the plants; evaluating the plant landscape characteristics; carrying out plant cultivation cost evaluation; and carrying out comprehensive sequencing on plant selection and outputting a plant configuration scheme.
9. The method for configuring the zonal anti-glare plants in the expressway according to claim 1, wherein the plant crown width d is obtained 0 Selecting plant types, and making a plant type selection scheme based on an anti-dazzle plant selection system, wherein the establishment of the anti-dazzle plant selection system comprises the following steps: selection criterionSelecting indexes of an index layer, determining the weight coefficient of each index of the criterion layer and the index layer by using an AHP analytic hierarchy process, and further sequencing the importance of each index.
10. The method for configuring the zonal anti-dazzle plants on the expressway according to claim 9, wherein the land conditions, the functional characteristics and the cultivation characteristics are selected as criteria layer indexes, the land conditions indexes further comprise three index layer indexes of geographic location, soil adaptability and central dividing strip conditions, the functional characteristics indexes further comprise three index layer indexes of anti-dazzle function, landscape function and safety characteristic, the cultivation characteristics indexes further comprise two index layer indexes of growth characteristics and cultivation cost, and the established plant type selection scheme comprises the following steps:
selecting a natural road division, and carrying out primary plant selection;
evaluating the condition of the central separation zone, and providing a constraint condition;
investigating and inputting the native plants, and filling a plant selection library;
judging evergreen arbor for the plant;
evaluating the growth characteristics of the plants;
evaluating the safety characteristics of the plants when the plants are judged to be evergreen trees, and evaluating the landscape characteristics of the plants when the plants are not judged to be evergreen trees;
evaluating the plant cultivation cost;
carrying out comprehensive sequencing on plant selection;
and outputting the plant configuration scheme.
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