CN115127412B - Explosive-proof device for small-spacing explosive charge in hard rock hole - Google Patents
Explosive-proof device for small-spacing explosive charge in hard rock hole Download PDFInfo
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- CN115127412B CN115127412B CN202210847410.4A CN202210847410A CN115127412B CN 115127412 B CN115127412 B CN 115127412B CN 202210847410 A CN202210847410 A CN 202210847410A CN 115127412 B CN115127412 B CN 115127412B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a small-spacing explosive-filling explosion-proof device in a hard rock hole, which comprises an explosion-proof body, wherein the upper end of the explosion-proof body is connected with an upper explosive-filling shell, the lower end of the explosion-proof body is connected with a lower explosive-filling shell, the explosion-proof body comprises a shell and at least two explosion-proof mediums arranged in the shell, the explosion-proof mediums are distributed along the length direction of the blast hole, at least one of the explosion-proof mediums is a fluid medium, and the small-spacing explosive-filling explosion-proof in the hard rock hole is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention particularly relates to a small-spacing explosive loading explosion-proof device in a hard rock hole, and belongs to the technical field of blasting excavation.
Background
The layered blasting is to set multiple layers of explosive in the hole, break and throw the rock in the hole to form one reverse conic funnel pit after the upper layer of explosive is exploded, and the second layer of explosive is set in the lower part of the pit to form broken and thrown in the V-shaped pit to form blasting excavation layer by layer.
The Chinese patent with publication number 110186341A discloses a blasting device and a blasting method for rapid forming of hard rock V-shaped pits, wherein an explosion-proof body is arranged between an upper layer of explosive charge and a lower layer of explosive charge to form interval detonation, the explosion-proof body adopts an annular expansion structure, and after the upper layer of explosive charge is detonated, the annular expansion body is expanded to block blast holes and prevent the lower layer of explosive charge from being subjected to sympathetic explosion. The prior art has good blasting effect on high-explosion-speed explosive in the in-hole layered explosive cutting, is widely applied, but when the tunnel tunneling blasting cutting construction is carried out in the current explosion-proof mode, the harder the peripheral rock is, the higher the explosion speed of the high-explosion-speed explosive is, after the upper-layer explosive is detonated, the lower explosive is detonated easily without waiting for the expansion of an expansion body, and the explosion-proof effect is difficult to realize.
Firstly, the difficulty of explosion suppression mainly shows that the space where the explosion suppression is located, when the explosion suppression is located in a softer blast hole, the explosion suppression is relatively easy, explosion products easily invade the hole wall of the blast hole, and when under hard rock, the explosion suppression in the blast hole is difficult, the explosion products can move along the hole wall in the length direction of the blast hole, and the sympathetic explosion of the later-stage charge is induced; secondly, the explosion suppression of the high-explosion-speed explosive is very difficult, the explosion product speed of the high-explosion-speed explosive is extremely high, and the sympathetic explosion is easier to induce, especially when shallow hard rock is excavated, after the dosages of the upper-level explosive and the lower-level explosive are determined, the spacing between the upper-level explosive and the lower-level explosive is fixed, and can only be a short spacing, if the explosion suppression spacing is increased, the explosive quantity is insufficient under the limited blast hole length, the explosion cannot be performed, and the explosion suppression setting is not performed under the short-spacing explosion suppression requirement condition in the prior art. Therefore, in this case, it is particularly important to develop a small-pitch explosion suppression device.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a small-spacing explosive loading explosion-proof device in a hard rock hole, which improves the explosion-proof effect in the process of blasting and excavating the hard rock.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a small-spacing explosive loading explosion-proof device in a hard rock hole, which comprises an explosion-proof body, wherein the upper end of the explosion-proof body is connected with an upper explosive loading shell, the lower end is connected with a lower explosive loading shell,
the explosion-proof body comprises a shell and at least two explosion-proof media arranged in the shell, wherein the explosion-proof media are distributed along the length direction of the blast hole, at least one of the explosion-proof media is a fluid medium, and the explosion-proof requirement of small-space charging in the hole is met.
Further, the explosion-proof medium comprises a fluid medium, a hole-dredging structure and a polyurethane structure which are sequentially arranged, wherein the fluid medium comprises a dry sand structure, and the dry sand structure is close to the upper charge shell.
Further, the ratio of the sum of the lengths of the pore-open structure and the polyurethane structure to the length of the dry sand structure is 1:3.
Further, the particle size of the dry sand structure is in the range of 0.25mm-0.5mm.
Further, the cell-free structure comprises aluminum foam.
Further, the explosion-proof body further comprises an explosion-proof rope, wherein the explosion-proof rope is connected to the fluid medium and used for explosion of the shell, so that the fluid medium is filled in a gap between the explosion-proof body and the inner wall of the blast hole.
Further, the detonating cord is arranged inside the dry sand structure through a sleeve which is pre-bent and attached to the inner wall of the shell, the sleeve is led out to the outside of the shell through a guide pipe, an air medium is manufactured by utilizing the fluid property of sand, and a gap between the rock blasting device and the hole wall can be effectively filled on the basis of weakening explosion shock waves, so that the explosion-proof effect is improved.
Further, a rubber ring is arranged at the bottom of the shell, and the outer diameter of the rubber ring is larger than the inner diameter of the blast hole and is used for preventing the fluid medium from continuously flowing downwards.
Further, the upper end and the lower end of the shell are provided with metal connecting covers, the upper charging shell and the lower charging shell are detachably connected to the metal connecting covers, and a metal connecting rod is arranged between the two metal connecting covers.
Further, the hardness of the upper charge shell and the hardness of the outer shell are lower than the hardness of the lower charge shell, the upper charge shell is made of PVC, and the lower charge shell is made of metal.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the dry sand structure, the foam aluminum hole-dredging structure and the polyurethane structure are compounded into the explosion-proof body, so that the explosion-proof requirement of small-space explosive charges in holes can be met, the explosive charges at the upper part are ensured not to be induced to explode the explosive charges at the lower part at the moment of explosion, and the effect of small-space combined explosion of the explosive charges at the upper part and the lower part is realized;
the metal connecting cover is arranged, so that the upper charge shell and the lower charge shell are detachably connected to the metal connecting cover, and the carrying is facilitated;
by arranging the detonating cord in the explosion-proof body and utilizing the fluid property of sand, an air medium can be manufactured, and the gap between the rock blasting device and the hole wall can be effectively filled on the basis of weakening explosion shock waves, so that the explosion-proof effect is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an explosive-proof body between an upper charge and a lower charge according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a structure of an explosive-proof body after being charged according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an explosion-proof body according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a physical view of an explosion-proof body according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in fig. 5, a is a graph of displacement versus time of the material of aluminum foam, and b is a graph of velocity versus time of the material of aluminum foam;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of the aluminum foam burst test according to the embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. the first digital electronic detonator; 2. a second digital electronic detonator; 3. a third digital electronic detonator; 5. an upper charge housing; 6. an upper charge; 7. an upper metal connection cover; 8. a conduit; 9. detonating cord; 10. a dry sand structure; 11. a sleeve; 12. a metal connecting rod; 13. a pore-dredging structure; 14. a housing; 15. a polyurethane structure; 16. a lower metal connection cover; 17. a rubber ring; 18. a lower charge housing; 19. a lower charge; 100. and (5) a blast hole.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The explosion is carried out in the hard rock hole, so that the explosion-proof effect cannot be ensured, because the medium has higher wave impedance than air in a closed medium, the explosion product and the shock wave generated by the explosive charge can be clamped, so that the explosion product and the shock wave can not be transmitted in the form of spherical waves but in the form of plane waves in the transmission process, the explosion product and the shock wave have obvious directivity, and can be mainly transmitted towards the direction of the subsequent explosive charge. The directivity is smaller than the rate of decrease of the spherical wave wavefront pressure and density, and the lost energy is relatively smaller; meanwhile, strong reflected shock waves are formed around the hole wall during propagation, so that pressure and energy are converged towards the axial direction of the hole and are propagated towards the upper and lower directions of the blast hole, the possibility of inducing post-stage explosive loading is increased, more uncertain factors are added for realizing explosion suppression, and the explosion suppression difficulty is increased.
After the main charge is exploded, the explosion effects include: air shock waves, explosive product streams, high temperature, high speed fragmentation of an explosive field, and other flying objects. These factors can all act within certain limits on the ammunition being blown, causing a sympathetic explosion of the ammunition being blown. The energy forms generated by the prodrug explosion are mutually connected and restrained, and the reasons for the sympathetic explosions can be different for various specific pre-and post-drug systems, so that the analysis of the reasons for the sympathetic explosions is difficult.
In combination with the illustration of fig. 1, when shallow hole blasting excavates rock, the effect of quick excavation is reached through setting up layering loading from top to bottom in big gun hole 100 as shown, but only set up upper portion loading 6 and lower part loading 19, and two-layer loading structure distance is nearer, in shorter length, and single flame proof material hardly satisfies the explosion suppression demand in the big gun hole.
Referring to fig. 2, the explosive-proof device for small-spacing explosive charges in a hard rock hole mainly comprises an upper explosive-charging shell 5, an explosive-proof body and a lower explosive-charging shell 18, wherein the upper explosive-charging shell 5 comprises a containing cavity for containing an upper explosive charge 6, the lower explosive-charging shell 18 comprises a containing cavity for containing a lower explosive charge 19, and the explosive-proof body is connected between the upper explosive-charging shell 5 and the lower explosive-charging shell 18.
In the drilling and blasting operation, a gap is necessarily formed between the rock blasting device and the blasthole 100, the attenuation rate of the explosion shock wave is reduced when the explosion shock wave propagates in the gap of the wall of the cylinder of 0.01-0.1mm through numerical simulation and software calculation, and the smaller the gap is, the smaller the attenuation of the explosion shock wave is.
The invention provides an explosion-proof body which comprises a shell 14 and at least two explosion-proof mediums arranged in the shell 14, wherein the two explosion-proof mediums are distributed along the length direction of a blast hole 100, at least one explosion-proof medium is a fluid medium, and a gap is filled by the fluid medium during explosion, so that explosion shock waves are effectively prevented from being directly transmitted to a lower charge through a cylinder wall gap to induce explosion.
By providing a multi-stage shock wave blocking effect with two different media, it is further possible that the fluid medium, while blocking the shock wave radially, may fill the gap between the housing 14 and the borehole 100 after the housing 14 is broken, preferably filling the gap.
The explosion-proof medium provided in the embodiment of the invention comprises a dry sand structure 10, a hole-dredging structure 13 and a polyurethane structure 15 which are sequentially arranged in a shell 14, wherein the dry sand structure 10 is close to an upper charge 6. The ratio of the sum of the lengths of the dry sand structure 10 and the open pore structure 13 to the length of the polyurethane structure 15 is 3:1.
Wherein the pore-dredging structure 13 is foamed aluminum or comprises foamed aluminum, and the foamed aluminum is a porous material with a plurality of excellent physical and mechanical properties, takes aluminum or aluminum alloy as a matrix, contains a plurality of pores and has the characteristics of light weight and high specific strength.
The detonation wave and detonation products downwards act on the dry sand structure 10 at the top of the foamed aluminum, the cylindrical foamed aluminum in the middle is compressed, and the blast holes 100 are blocked due to deformation of the dry sand structure 10 and the foamed aluminum, so that the resistance to downward movement of the detonation wave and the detonation products is increased, and even if the detonation products with high temperature and high pressure cannot flow downwards, the effective blocking and explosion-proof effects are realized.
In another embodiment, the invention also provides an explosion-proof performance test of foamed aluminum, and fig. 6 shows an effect diagram of an explosion test of foamed aluminum, in this embodiment, the lengths of the dry sand structure 10, the pore-dredging structure 13 and the polyurethane structure 15 are respectively 15cm, 3cm and 2cm, and the particle size of the dry sand structure is 0.25mm-0.5mm.
During specific operation, nylon materials are placed on the upper portion of the foamed aluminum, the simulated explosive is arranged at the bottom of the foamed aluminum, after the simulated foamed aluminum upper explosive is exploded, detonation waves and detonation products act on the wall of the blast hole, so that the diameter of the blast hole 100 is increased, meanwhile, the detonation products are ejected upwards from an air hole, the detonation waves and the detonation products act downwards on a Q235 steel support piece on the top of the foamed aluminum, the cylindrical foamed aluminum in the middle of the compression is blocked due to the fact that the steel support piece and the foamed aluminum deform, the downward movement resistance of the blast hole is increased, and the detonation products with high temperature and high pressure cannot flow downwards to effectively block and isolate the explosion. The compression amount of the explosion-proof foamed aluminum is further reduced, and the compression degree of the metal cartridge at the lower part and the nylon material (simulated explosive) in the explosion-proof foamed aluminum is also greatly reduced.
And sequentially selecting 5 units with characteristic positions from top to bottom along the central axis of the cylindrical foamed aluminum, tracking the displacement and speed information of materials in the units, and drawing time course curves as shown in fig. 5a and 5 b. As can be seen from the figure, the aluminum foam is compressed to the limit at time t=1400 μs, and then the displacement is slightly reduced due to structural bounce; the initial length of the aluminum foam cylinder is 18cm, the final length after compression is 4.1cm, and the compression rate is about 77%. The maximum rate of compressive deformation of the top aluminum foam material was 333m/s, and the rate of compressive deformation of the aluminum foam at 5 feature locations exhibited a distinct plateau region with a plateau region rate of about 235m/s. the rate of compressive deformation of the aluminum foam decreases rapidly after t=550 μs, and the time t=1400 μs approaches zero.
The polyurethane structure 15 is a high-elasticity structure and plays a role in buffering and energy absorption.
The invention sets the hardness of the lower charge shell 18 to be higher than that of the upper charge shell 5 and the outer shell 14, and assists in achieving better explosion-proof effect.
And the explosion suppression body is internally provided with the explosion suppression rope 9, the explosion suppression rope 9 is connected into the dry sand structure 10 and used for frying the shell 14 apart, so that the dry sand structure 10 can be conveniently filled into a gap between the explosion suppression body and the inner wall of the blast hole 100.
In order to avoid the impact on the upper and lower explosive charges when the detonating cord 9 explodes, the flexible detonating cord is selected as the detonating cord 9, and the explosive charge is far smaller than that of the common detonating cord.
In a specific embodiment, the detonating cord 9 is arranged in the dry sand structure 10 through a sleeve 11, and the sleeve 11 is pre-bent and stuck on the inner wall of the shell 14 and led out of the shell 14 through the end cover by the conduit 8. The conduit 8 is located in the middle of the dry sand structure 10. When detonating cord 9 is detonated, shell 14 is fried, internal dry sand structure 10 flows downwards, fills and blocks the gap between shell 14 and blast hole 100, prevents or weakens downward propagation of shock wave when upper charge 6 explodes, and simultaneously through dredge hole structure 13 wave-absorbing effect, polyurethane structure 15 at the end will further attenuate explosive power, produces better flame proof effect.
The connection part of the lower charge shell 18 and the bottom of the shell 14 is provided with a rubber ring 17, the outer diameter of the rubber ring 17 is larger than the inner diameter of the blast hole, and the rubber ring is tightly attached to the inner wall of the blast hole and used for preventing the fluid medium from continuously flowing downwards.
The rubber ring 17 has the main function of sealing the gap between the rock blasting device and the hole wall, fixing the position of the rock blasting device in the blast hole, and reducing excessive leakage of fine sand particles to the bottom of the blast hole when the fine sand particles leak so as to weaken the explosion-proof effect of the fine sand particles.
The upper charge shell 5 is made of PVC, the lower charge shell 18 is made of metal, the lower charge shell 18 is made of a metal shell, the compression resistance of the lower charge 19 is improved, the charge structure of the upper charge 6 is prevented from being damaged by pressure generated by the upper charge 6, meanwhile, the wave impedance of the metal shell is high, and explosion shock waves can be further weakened.
After the upper explosive 6 explodes, the first digital detonator 1 explodes the detonating cord 9 with relatively low power, the detonating cord 9 explodes the shell 14, the dry sand structure 10 flows downwards, gaps between the shell 14 and the blast holes 100 are filled and blocked, shock waves are prevented or weakened from downwards spreading when the upper explosive 6 explodes, meanwhile, the polyurethane structure 15 at the tail end further attenuates the power of the explosive through the hole dredging structure 13, and a better explosion-proof effect is generated.
The explosion-proof medium in the embodiment of the invention adopts a multi-layer and composite structure, and the explosion-proof material mainly comprises a dry sand structure 10, a foam aluminum sparse hole structure 13 and a polyurethane structure 15, wherein the dry sand structure 10 is 15cm long, the foam aluminum is 3cm long and the polyurethane is 2cm long, after the explosion of the detonating cord 9, the dry sand structure 10 in the shell 14 flows out to fill gaps between the shell 14 and the blast holes, the height of fine sand particles is reduced to form cylindrical grain columns with the diameter of 70mm and the height of 9.26cm, and an air interval with the diameter of 70mm and the height of 5.74cm is arranged above the dry sand structure 10, so that four layers of explosion-proof bodies of 5.74cm air, 9.26cm fine sand, 3cm foam aluminum and 2cm polyurethane are formed, the wave impedance difference between two adjacent mediums is large, and the explosion shock waves can be better weakened.
In practice, the upper end of the housing 14 is provided with an upper metal connecting cap 7 and the lower end is provided with a lower metal connecting cap 16, and the upper and lower charge shells 5 and 18 are detachably connected to the upper and lower metal connecting caps 7 and 16, respectively. A plurality of metal connecting rods 12 are fixedly arranged between the upper metal connecting cover 7 and the lower metal connecting cover 16. The upper charge 6 and the lower charge 19 are ensured to be stable at a certain distance and not to be close to each other, and particularly when the height of the dry sand structure 10 is reduced, the upper charge 6 is supported, the interval between the upper charge 6 and the lower charge 19 is not reduced, and the explosion-proof effect of the explosion-proof body is weakened.
The shell 14 adopts engineering plastics, can guarantee on the stable foundation of structure, can not be destroyed suddenly in transportation, filling, has the easy blasting nature simultaneously, and cracked under detonating cord 9 effect, guarantees that dry sand structure 10 leaks fast.
In the specific implementation process, a first digital electronic detonator 1 in the flameproof body is detonated firstly, the first digital electronic detonator detonates a detonating cord 9 after 50 seconds delay, after the detonating cord 9 explodes, a shell 14 of the flameproof body is destroyed, a dry sand structure 10 in the flameproof body flows, and gaps between the rest flameproof body and a blast hole 100 are filled; the second digital electronic detonator 2 in the upper charge is detonated after 60 seconds delay, and the upper surrounding rock is thrown out to form a first temporary surface; after detonation of the upper explosive 6, the detonation is carried out by the dry sand structure 10 and the sparse hole structure 13, the detonation is blocked by the polyurethane structure 15, the attenuated detonation continues to spread downwards, and meanwhile, the flowing dry sand structure 10 further seals gaps between the lower explosive and the blast holes, so that the downward transmission of detonation energy is blocked, and the detonation spread is further weakened; until the lower charge cannot be detonated. And (3) after the delay of 60.08 seconds, detonating, and upwardly throwing the empty surface formed at the 1 st time again, so that the diameter and depth of the expanded blasting funnel pit are slightly cleaned.
By combining the above embodiments, the composite explosion-proof body provided with the dry sand structure 10, the hole dredging structure 13 and the polyurethane structure 15 can meet the explosion-proof requirement of a rock blasting device, ensure that the lower explosive 18 cannot be induced to explode at the moment of the explosion of the upper explosive 6, realize the combined explosion effect of the upper explosive and the lower explosive, and the explosion-proof body, the upper explosive 6 and the lower explosive 18 are detachably connected, so that the carrying and the assembly are facilitated; the explosion-proof body is provided with the explosion-proof rope 9, an air medium is manufactured by utilizing the fluid property of sand, and the gap between the rock blasting device and the hole wall can be effectively filled on the basis of weakening explosion shock waves, so that the explosion-proof effect is improved.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and variations could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and such modifications and variations should also be regarded as being within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A small-spacing explosive loading explosion-proof device in a hard rock hole is characterized by comprising an explosion-proof body, wherein the upper end of the explosion-proof body is connected with an upper explosive loading shell, the lower end of the explosion-proof body is connected with a lower explosive loading shell,
the explosion-proof body comprises a shell and at least two explosion-proof media arranged in the shell, wherein the explosion-proof media are distributed along the length direction of the blast hole, and at least one of the explosion-proof media is a fluid medium;
the explosion-proof medium comprises a fluid medium, a hole dredging structure and a polyurethane structure which are sequentially arranged, wherein the fluid medium comprises a dry sand structure, the dry sand structure is close to an upper charge shell, the explosion-proof body further comprises an explosion-proof rope, and the explosion-proof rope is connected into the fluid medium.
2. The explosive-proof device for small-spacing charges in hard rock holes according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the sum of the lengths of the open hole structure and the polyurethane structure to the length of the dry sand structure is 1:3.
3. The explosive-proof device for small-spacing charges in hard rock holes according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the dry sand structure is in the range of 0.25mm-0.5mm.
4. The hard rock in-hole small-pitch explosive loading and explosion suppression device of claim 1, wherein the hole-dredging structure comprises aluminum foam.
5. The explosive-proof device for small-spacing charges in hard rock holes according to claim 1, wherein the detonating cord is arranged inside a dry sand structure through a sleeve pre-bent and attached to the inner wall of the casing, and the sleeve is led out of the casing through a guide pipe.
6. The explosive-proof device for small-spacing charges in hard rock holes according to claim 1, wherein a rubber ring is arranged at the bottom of the shell, and the outer diameter of the rubber ring is larger than the inner diameter of the blast holes.
7. The explosive-proof device for small-spacing charges in hard rock holes according to claim 1, wherein the upper end and the lower end of the outer shell are provided with metal connecting covers, the upper explosive charging shell and the lower explosive charging shell are detachably connected to the metal connecting covers, and a metal connecting rod is arranged between the two metal connecting covers.
8. The explosive-proof device for small-spacing charges in hard rock holes of claim 1, wherein the hardness of the upper explosive charging shell and the hardness of the outer shell are lower than those of the lower explosive charging shell, the upper explosive charging shell is made of PVC, and the lower explosive charging shell is made of metal.
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| CN202210847410.4A CN115127412B (en) | 2022-07-19 | 2022-07-19 | Explosive-proof device for small-spacing explosive charge in hard rock hole |
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