CN115016133B - Novel carrier modulation pulse generation device and method - Google Patents
Novel carrier modulation pulse generation device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115016133B CN115016133B CN202210619833.0A CN202210619833A CN115016133B CN 115016133 B CN115016133 B CN 115016133B CN 202210619833 A CN202210619833 A CN 202210619833A CN 115016133 B CN115016133 B CN 115016133B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
- G02B27/286—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising for controlling or changing the state of polarisation, e.g. transforming one polarisation state into another
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
- G02B27/283—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for beam splitting or combining
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/005—Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
- H01S3/0071—Beam steering, e.g. whereby a mirror outside the cavity is present to change the beam direction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/005—Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
- H01S3/0085—Modulating the output, i.e. the laser beam is modulated outside the laser cavity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/10061—Polarization control
Abstract
The invention provides a novel generation device and a method of carrier modulation pulse, comprising the following steps: the device comprises a first half wave plate, a polarization beam splitter and a circulating time delay loop; the first half wave plate is used for adjusting the polarization direction of the incident pulse; the polarization beam splitter is used for splitting the incident pulse after the polarization direction adjustment to obtain a split pulse; the circulating time delay loop is used for reflecting the beam splitting pulse and adjusting the polarization direction; the polarization beam splitter is also used for obtaining modulation pulse trains with equal pulse intervals based on the beam splitting pulses after reflection and polarization direction adjustment. The invention combines the polarization modulation and the cyclic delay method to modulate the intensity of the single pulse to obtain the modulation pulse train with the same time interval between the adjacent sub-pulses, and has certain universality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser, and particularly relates to a novel device and a method for generating carrier modulation pulses.
Background
The prior art at home and abroad can be divided into the following three types:
the principle of the split delay splicing method based on the beam splitter is shown in fig. 1, the pulse modulation system is composed of three 50. Four bursts with identical adjacent pulse time intervals can be obtained. With a time interval Δ t =2x/c and a modulation frequency equal to the reciprocal f = c/2x of the time interval of the adjacent pulses. The modulated pulses obtained in this way are shown in fig. 3. The adjacent pulse interval is 666ps, and the corresponding modulation frequency is 1.5GHz. This method can directly modulate 532nm laser pulse, but this method needs to adjust four mirrors and three beam splitters, there are 7 degrees of freedom in the optical path, and the optical path alignment is difficult. In addition, the last beam splitter has two output ends, and only one end of the method is selected as output, so that half of pulse energy is lost.
The principle of the cyclic frequency shift method based on the acousto-optic modulator is shown in fig. 4, and the idea of the method is to perform high-frequency modulation on 1064nm pulses and then perform frequency multiplication to obtain 532nm modulated pulses. The reflector 1 and the reflector 2 form a linear resonant cavity of the passive Q-switched pulse laser at the left end, the generated pulse is output through the reflector 2, and the frequency shift quantity is the driving frequency f after passing through the acousto-optic modulator AO And then the frequency shift quantity is 2f through an acousto-optic modulator after the reflection of the reflector AO So that each round trip of the acousto-optic modulator will obtain 2f AO The frequency shift quantity of the laser light source passes through the acousto-optic modulator again in a reciprocating mode after being reflected by the reflector 2, the process is continuously circulated, and laser pulses with the wavelength of 1064nm after frequency shift and initial pulses generated by the left passive Q-switched pulse laser carry out beat frequency to generate high-frequency modulation pulses. The pulse waveform is shown in fig. 5 (a), and the frequency spectrum is shown in fig. 5 (b). Although the method obtains high-frequency modulation pulse by repeatedly passing through the acousto-optic frequency shifter, the spectrum energy is dispersed in each harmonic wave, in addition, loss is generated when the acousto-optic frequency shifter passes through each time, and the spectrum energy of a high-frequency band is greatly attenuated.
The principle of the cyclic delay method based on the dichroic mirror and the frequency doubling crystal is shown in fig. 6, and the method is characterized in that the frequency doubling crystal is placed in a linear cavity formed by the two dichroic mirrors to modulate a 1064nm pulse laser to obtain 532nm modulation pulses. After a single laser pulse of 1064nm is input at the left side, the left-side dichroic mirror is a full-lens of 1064nm, so that the pulse enters the linear cavity after penetrating through the left-side dichroic mirror and is subjected to frequency doubling to obtain a pulse of 532nm, the right-side dichroic mirror partially penetrates through the pulse of 532nm, after a sub-pulse of 532nm is output at the moment, part of the pulse of 532nm is reflected in the cavity to make a round trip, and then part of the pulse is output, and therefore modulated pulses with continuously attenuated pulse intensity and the same time interval are obtained. The waveform is shown in fig. 7 (a), and the spectrum is shown in fig. 7 (b). The method does not directly modulate 532nm pulse, and because an external cavity modulator is formed by the dichroic mirror and the frequency doubling crystal, the optimal conversion efficiency is achieved by additionally designing parameters such as the length of the frequency doubling crystal, and the like, so that the difficulty of system design is increased. In addition, changes in the spot distribution of the incident pulse, power, and even ambient temperature can affect conversion efficiency, which reduces the universality of the method.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a novel generation device and a method for carrier modulation pulses, which are used for obtaining modulation pulse trains with the same time interval between adjacent sub-pulses after intensity modulation is carried out on a single pulse by combining a polarization modulation and cyclic delay method, and have certain universality.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a novel carrier modulation pulse generating apparatus, including: the device comprises a first half wave plate, a polarization beam splitter and a circulating time delay loop;
the first half wave plate is used for adjusting the polarization direction of incident pulses;
the polarization beam splitter is used for splitting the incident pulse after the polarization direction adjustment to obtain a split pulse;
the circulating time delay loop is used for reflecting and adjusting the polarization direction of the beam splitting pulse;
the polarization beam splitter is further used for obtaining modulation pulse trains with equal pulse intervals based on the beam splitting pulses after reflection and polarization direction adjustment.
Optionally, the cyclic delay loop comprises: the first reflector, the second reflector, the third reflector and the second half-wave plate;
the first reflector and the second reflector are respectively used for reflecting the beam splitting pulse;
the second half-wave plate is used for adjusting the polarization direction of the reflected beam splitting pulse;
and the third reflector is used for reflecting the beam splitting pulse after the polarization direction is adjusted.
Optionally, the incident pulse is divided into: s-polarized light, p-polarized light, and sp-polarized light.
Optionally, the split pulse comprises: 1 s-polarized light and 1 p-polarized light.
Optionally, the modulation pulse train is: np polarized light.
Optionally, the light intensity I of the modulated pulse train total (t) is:
wherein, T 1 ＝sin 2 θ 1 ，
τ is the incident gaussian pulse width.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a novel method for generating carrier modulation pulses, comprising the following steps:
adjusting the polarization direction of the incident pulse;
splitting the incident pulse subjected to polarization direction adjustment to obtain a split pulse;
reflecting and adjusting the polarization direction of the beam splitting pulse;
and obtaining modulation pulse trains with equal pulse intervals based on the beam splitting pulses after reflection and polarization direction adjustment.
Optionally, the method for reflecting and adjusting the polarization direction of the split pulses includes:
reflecting the split beam pulse;
adjusting the polarization direction of the reflected beam splitting pulse;
and reflecting the beam splitting pulse after the polarization direction is adjusted.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and technical effects:
the invention provides a novel generation device and a method of carrier modulation pulse. The invention can simultaneously realize direct modulation of 532nm green light pulse, simple light path alignment and more concentrated spectrum energy. The external cavity modulation method belongs to direct modulation, does not relate to external cavity frequency doubling, and the intensity modulation effect cannot be influenced by the change of the light spot distribution and the power of 532nm incident pulses, so the method has certain universality.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, are included to provide a further understanding of the application, and the description of the exemplary embodiments of the application are intended to be illustrative of the application and are not intended to limit the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a splitter-based split delay splicing method in the background art;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of four delay lines of a splitter-based splitting delay splicing method in the background art, where (a) is a schematic diagram of a first delay line, (b) is a schematic diagram of a second delay line, (c) is a schematic diagram of a third delay line, and (d) is a schematic diagram of a fourth delay line;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a modulation pulse of a splitter-based split delay splicing method in the prior art;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a cyclic frequency shift method based on an acousto-optic modulator in the background art;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a pulse waveform and a frequency spectrum of a related art ACM based on the ACM method, in which (a) is a schematic diagram of a pulse waveform and (b) is a schematic diagram of a frequency spectrum;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a cycle delay method based on a dichroic mirror and a frequency doubling crystal in the background art;
fig. 7 is a waveform and spectrum diagram of a cyclic delay method based on a dichroic mirror and a frequency doubling crystal in the background art, wherein (a) is a waveform diagram and (b) is a spectrum diagram;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a novel carrier modulation pulse generating apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the polarization directions of sub-pulses at four surfaces of a polarization beam splitter according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating an angle between the polarization direction of a light beam modulated by a first half-wave plate and the s-axis according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of an included angle between the main axis direction and the s-axis of the second half-wave plate according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing the polarization rotation direction after passing through the second half-wave plate according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a modulated pulse waveform and a modulated pulse spectrum according to a first embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) is a schematic diagram of a modulated pulse waveform, and (b) is a schematic diagram of a modulated pulse spectrum.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
It should be noted that the steps illustrated in the flowcharts of the figures may be performed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions and that, although a logical order is illustrated in the flowcharts, in some cases, the steps illustrated or described may be performed in an order different than presented herein.
Example one
As shown in fig. 8, the present invention provides a novel carrier modulation pulse generating apparatus, comprising: the device comprises a first half wave plate, a polarization beam splitter and a circulating time delay loop;
the first half wave plate is used for adjusting the polarization direction of the incident pulse;
the polarization beam splitter is used for splitting the incident pulse after the polarization direction adjustment to obtain a split pulse;
the circulating time delay loop is used for reflecting the beam splitting pulse and adjusting the polarization direction;
the polarization beam splitter is also used for obtaining modulation pulse trains with equal pulse intervals based on the beam splitting pulses after reflection and polarization direction adjustment.
The cyclic delay loop comprises: the first reflector, the second reflector, the third reflector and the second half-wave plate;
the first reflector and the second reflector are respectively used for reflecting the beam splitting pulse;
the second half-wave plate is used for adjusting the polarization direction of the reflected beam splitting pulse;
and the third reflector is used for reflecting the beam splitting pulse after the polarization direction is adjusted.
Further, the optics required in this embodiment are two half-wave plates, three mirrors and one polarizing beam splitter. Assuming that the incident pulse is linearly polarized light, the light beam passes through a first half-wave plate, the polarization direction of the light beam is adjusted, then the light beam is split by a polarization beam splitter, one part of the light beam is directly reflected to enter a detector, the other part of the light beam is transmitted to enter a circulating time delay loop, the light beam passing through the time delay loop passes through a second half-wave plate, the polarization state of the light beam is adjusted, then the light beam is split again by the polarization beam splitter, and modulation pulse strings with equal pulse intervals can be obtained after multiple cycles.
As can be seen from the above description, the polarization state of the pulse before entering the polarization beam splitter determines the energy splitting ratio, so it is necessary to further discuss the polarization directions of the sub-pulses at the four surfaces of the Polarization Beam Splitter (PBS) during the cycle, as shown in fig. 9. The number in 0sp represents the pulse serial number, 0 is the initial incident pulse, subscript s represents s-polarized light (the polarization direction is perpendicular to the paper surface), subscript p represents p-polarized light (the polarization direction is along the paper surface), and subscript sp represents polarized light in both polarization directions. The 0sp light is divided into 1s polarized light and 1p polarized light after passing through the polarization beam splitter, and the polarization direction of the 1p polarized light is changed into 1sp polarized light after being modulated by a second half-wave plate; the 1sp polarized light passes through the polarization beam splitter to complete the first time delay, and then is divided into 2p polarized light and 2s polarized light, and the 2s polarized light is continuously circulated through the modulation process to obtain a modulation pulse train with equal pulse intervals.
Assuming that the incident light pulse is linearly polarized light, the incident light pulse is split by a polarization beam splitter after passing through a first half-wave plate to rotate the polarization direction, and s-polarized light is reflected and p-polarized light is transmitted; if the light passes through the second half-wave plate, the polarization direction is rotated, and then the light is split by the polarization beam splitter, the p-polarized light is reflected, and the s-polarized light is transmitted. The polarization change per cycle is shown in fig. 9. It should be noted that the light entering the recycling loop for the first time is p-polarized light, and the light entering the recycling loop for the second time and later is s-polarized light.
The included angle between the polarization direction of the light beam modulated by the first half-wave plate and the s-axis (the s-axis and the s-polarization direction are the same, and the p-axis and the p-polarization direction are the same) is theta 1 As shown in fig. 10, black double-headed arrows represent polarization directions, and black single-headed arrows represent coordinate axes. Therefore, the s-polarized light intensity component can be expressed as: i is 1s (t)＝I 0 (t)cos 2 θ 1 The p-polarized light is transmitted into the circulation loop with an intensity expressed as: I.C. A 1p (t)＝I 0 (t)sin 2 θ 1 。
I 1p For p light, the included angle between the main axis direction of the second half-wave plate and the s axis is assumed to be theta 2 As shown in fig. 11, the black dashed double-headed arrow is the direction of the principal axis of the second half-wave plate, and the curved arrow points in the polarization rotation direction. Therefore, the p-polarized light intensity component after passing through the polarization beam splitter can be expressed as:
the s-polarized light is transmitted into the recycling loop with an intensity expressed as:
the included angle between the principal axis direction of the second half-wave plate and the s-axis is equal to theta 2 The polarization rotation direction after passing through the second half-wave plate is shown in fig. 12. The p-polarized light intensity component after passing through the PBS can be expressed as:
s light is transmitted into the circulation loop with a light intensity expressed as:
let T 1 ＝sin 2 θ 1 、
The light intensity I of the final output end can be obtained total (t)：
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
tau is the incident Gaussian pulse width; rotating the angle of the wave plate can have the effect of changing the transmittance. The ratio of the light intensity entering the circulating delay loop to the directly reflected light intensity can be changed by rotating the first half-wave plate (HWP), and the reflection and transmission ratios of the circulating loop can be changed by rotating the second HWP, so that the optimal modulation effect can be achieved by selecting the two angles.
Further, by optimizing θ 1 、θ 2 The modulated pulse waveform obtained after the two parameters is shown in fig. 13 (a) and 13 (b), and the parameters are as follows: theta 1 ＝68°，θ 2 =25 °, delay line length 0.3m, and initial incident gaussian pulse width 500ps.
From the structure of this embodiment, the light path alignment only needs to adjust three mirrors and a polarization beam splitter, and four degrees of freedom are obviously less than seven degrees of freedom in the beam splitter-based branching delay splicing method, and the light path alignment difficulty is greatly reduced. In addition, the 532nm pulse can be directly modulated, the modulation system does not relate to a frequency doubling crystal, the intensity modulation effect cannot be influenced by the change of the light spot distribution and the power of the incident pulse, and compared with a circulating time delay method based on a dichroic mirror and the frequency doubling crystal, the pulse laser adaptive to various parameters is more universal.
From the modulation result of the embodiment, the frequency spectrum of the modulation pulse is more concentrated on the modulation frequency of 1GHz, and the defect of spectrum energy dispersion in the cyclic frequency shift method based on the acousto-optic modulator is overcome.
Example two
The invention also provides a novel method for generating the carrier modulation pulse, which comprises the following steps of adjusting the polarization direction of the incident pulse;
splitting the incident pulse after the polarization direction is adjusted to obtain a split pulse;
reflecting and adjusting the polarization direction of the beam splitting pulse;
and obtaining modulation pulse trains with equal pulse intervals based on the beam splitting pulses after reflection and polarization direction adjustment.
Further, the method for reflecting and adjusting the polarization direction of the split pulses comprises the following steps:
reflecting the split beam pulse;
adjusting the polarization direction of the reflected beam splitting pulse;
and reflecting the beam splitting pulse after the polarization direction is adjusted.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application should be covered within the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A novel carrier modulated pulse generating apparatus, comprising: the device comprises a first half wave plate, a polarization beam splitter and a circulating time delay loop;
the first half wave plate is used for adjusting the polarization direction of incident pulses;
the polarization beam splitter is used for splitting the incident pulse after the polarization direction adjustment to obtain a split pulse;
the circulating time delay loop is used for reflecting and adjusting the polarization direction of the beam splitting pulse;
the polarization beam splitter is also used for obtaining modulation pulse trains with equal pulse intervals based on the beam splitting pulses after reflection and polarization direction adjustment;
the split pulses include: 1 s-polarized light and 1 p-polarized light;
the modulation pulse train is: np polarized light;
the light intensity of the modulated pulse train
Comprises the following steps:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
is the width of the incident gaussian pulse and,θ 1 is an included angle between the polarization direction of the light beam modulated by the first half-wave plate and the s-axis,θ 2 the included angle between the main shaft direction of the second half-wave plate and the s-axis is shown.
2. The apparatus for generating carrier modulated pulses as claimed in claim 1, wherein said cyclic delay loop comprises: the first reflector, the second reflector, the third reflector and the second half-wave plate;
the first reflector and the second reflector are respectively used for reflecting the beam splitting pulse;
the second half-wave plate is used for adjusting the polarization direction of the reflected beam splitting pulse;
and the third reflector is used for reflecting the beam splitting pulse after the polarization direction is adjusted.
3. The apparatus for generating carrier modulated pulses as claimed in claim 1, wherein the incident pulses are divided into: s-polarized light, p-polarized light, and sp-polarized light.
4. A novel method for generating carrier modulated pulses for controlling a novel apparatus for generating carrier modulated pulses according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
adjusting the polarization direction of the incident pulse;
splitting the incident pulse after the polarization direction is adjusted to obtain a split pulse;
reflecting and adjusting the polarization direction of the beam splitting pulse;
and obtaining modulation pulse trains with equal pulse intervals based on the beam splitting pulses after reflection and polarization direction adjustment.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method for reflecting and adjusting the polarization direction of the split pulses comprises:
reflecting the split beam pulse;
adjusting the polarization direction of the reflected beam splitting pulse;
and reflecting the beam splitting pulse after the polarization direction is adjusted.
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