CN115007305A - Method for stepwise recycling pollucite - Google Patents
Method for stepwise recycling pollucite Download PDFInfo
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- CN115007305A CN115007305A CN202210573955.0A CN202210573955A CN115007305A CN 115007305 A CN115007305 A CN 115007305A CN 202210573955 A CN202210573955 A CN 202210573955A CN 115007305 A CN115007305 A CN 115007305A
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- flotation
- pollucite
- magnetic separation
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- 229910001744 pollucite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000008396 flotation agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019982 sodium hexametaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- FJLUATLTXUNBOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Hexadecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN FJLUATLTXUNBOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WVYWICLMDOOCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2-pentanol Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)O WVYWICLMDOOCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethanedithioic acid Chemical class CCOC(S)=S ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010665 pine oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 6
- CDMGNVWZXRKJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzylphenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1 CDMGNVWZXRKJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052604 silicate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 ether amine Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001608 iron mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FFRBMBIXVSCUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dinitro-1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C2=C1 FFRBMBIXVSCUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CNLWCVNCHLKFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;lithium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Li+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O CNLWCVNCHLKFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUZCOAQWCRRVIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N butoxymethanedithioic acid Chemical compound CCCCOC(S)=S TUZCOAQWCRRVIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052629 lepidolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RHDUVDHGVHBHCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium tantalum Chemical compound [Nb].[Ta] RHDUVDHGVHBHCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005304 optical glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011028 pyrite Substances 0.000 description 1
- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052642 spodumene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012991 xanthate Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B7/00—Combinations of wet processes or apparatus with other processes or apparatus, e.g. for dressing ores or garbage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B1/00—Conditioning for facilitating separation by altering physical properties of the matter to be treated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for recovering pollucite in a gradient manner, which comprises the following steps: step 1: screening the crushed ore with two different particle sizes in sequence, and carrying out X-ray dry separation on the oversize product obtained by secondary screening to obtain coarse-grain pollucite concentrate and X-ray dry separation tailings; step 2: mixing the undersize product obtained by secondary screening with the X-ray dry separation tailings, grinding and desliming to obtain settled sand, and stirring and mixing the settled sand to form ore pulp; and (3) carrying out ore dressing on the ore pulp by a process of magnetic separation and flotation to obtain fine pollucite concentrate. According to the method, firstly, coarse grain pollucite concentrate is obtained through X-ray dry separation, then fine grain pollucite concentrate is obtained through a magnetic-floating-later mineral separation process, pollucite with high recovery rate is obtained, and the pollucite is recovered in a coarse grain-fine grain gradient manner.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mineral separation, in particular to a method for recovering pollucite in a gradient manner.
Background
The atomic number of cesium is 55, the cesium is located in the sixth period, group IA, the simple substance of the cesium is light golden yellow active metal, the melting point of the cesium is low, and the elemental substance can react with water violently to generate hydrogen and explode. Cesium has no elemental form in nature and is only rarely distributed in the form of salts in land and sea. Cesium, as a very expensive rare alkali metal, is an important material for manufacturing vacuum devices, phototubes and the like, and is used in atomic clocks, catalysts, chemical reagents, electrolytes, photographic tubes, high-pressure mercury lamps, scintillation counters, analytical chemistry, bioengineering, medicine, optical glass and the like in the conventional field; the material is mainly used for aviation (ion-driven engines), new energy (magnetohydrodynamic generators), missiles, spaceships, thermionic power generation, solar cells, LEDs, lasers, photodetectors, glass ceramics, DNA separation, information industry and the like in emerging fields. However, China is lack of caesium ore resources, the basic reserves are less, the caesium ore resources are associated mineral resources, the ore quality is poor, the economic feasibility is low, the development cost is high, and enterprises for development and utilization mainly depend on imported foreign high-quality ores.
Pollucite, which is the mineral with the highest cesium content in nature, is often symbiotic with lepidolite, spodumene, niobium-tantalum minerals and the like in granite pegmatite, and meanwhile, pegmatite-type pollucite ore is the only existing caesium ore resource which can be economically exploited and utilized, so at present, people mainly exploit and recover cesium from granite pegmatite beds. The cesium is recovered and extracted, namely, firstly, the pollucite is recovered from granite pegmatite type ores, and then the cesium is extracted from the pollucite. In granite pegmatite type ore, the embedded granularity of pollucite is relatively coarse, and silicate minerals such as quartz, feldspar and mica are mainly used as pollucite associated minerals, and the surface properties of the minerals are close to each other, and the specific gravity difference is small. In the prior art, the pollucite concentrate is mainly obtained by adopting visible light separation, and the pollucite in the fine ore cannot be efficiently recovered by adopting the method. In addition, in the beneficiation process, the recovery rate and the grade are in negative correlation. Thus, as the recovery rate increases, the grade of the recovered product decreases. Therefore, how to recover pollucite is a big problem to be solved at present while ensuring the quality (high grade) of pollucite and obtaining high recovery rate.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for recovering pollucite in a gradient manner, which comprises the following specific contents:
the invention provides a method for recovering pollucite in a gradient manner, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: screening the crushed ore with two different screen mesh sizes in sequence, and carrying out X-ray dry separation on the oversize product obtained by secondary screening to obtain coarse-grain pollucite concentrate and X-ray dry separation tailings;
step 2: mixing the undersize product obtained by secondary screening with the X-ray dry separation tailings, grinding, mixing to form ore pulp, and desliming the ore pulp to obtain settled sand;
and step 3: and (3) carrying out size mixing on the settled sand, then carrying out magnetic separation, and then carrying out flotation to obtain fine pollucite concentrate.
Preferably, the crushed ore is sequentially screened by two different screen hole diameters, including:
performing primary screening on the crushed ore, wherein the aperture of a screen mesh of the primary screening is 50-75 mm;
and (3) subjecting the undersize product subjected to the first screening to secondary screening, wherein the screen aperture of the secondary screening is smaller than that of the primary screening, and the screen aperture of the secondary screening is 8-12 mm.
Preferably, the belt speed in the X-ray dry sorting is 2-3m/sec, the sorting particle size is 8-75mm, and the processing capacity is 30-80 t/h.
Preferably, in the step 2, the grinding fineness is-0.074 mm and accounts for 45-75%; the pulp mixing concentration of the ore pulp is 7-12%, and the ore pulp concentration after the settled sand is mixed is 12-20%.
Preferably, the settling sand is subjected to size mixing, then is subjected to magnetic separation, and then is subjected to flotation to obtain fine pollucite concentrate, wherein the fine pollucite concentrate comprises the following steps:
firstly, size mixing is carried out on the settled sand, and then the magnetic separation is carried out to remove magnetic minerals so as to obtain magnetic separation tailings;
after the magnetic separation tailings are subjected to size mixing until the ore pulp concentration is 20-28%, adding the magnetic separation tailings into a flotation tank, and performing first-stage flotation on easily-floating objects in the magnetic separation tailings; and performing second-stage flotation on the magnetic separation tailings subjected to the floatation of the easily-floating objects, and performing flotation to remove quartz and feldspar to obtain the fine pollucite concentrate.
Preferably, the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic separation is 0.6-2.2 Tesla.
Preferably, the first stage flotation is performed on the floatables in the magnetic separation tailings, and comprises the following steps:
adding a first-stage flotation reagent into the flotation tank, and acting for 6-30 min;
and after the first-stage flotation agent is acted, scraping the easily-floated objects out to complete the flotation of the easily-floated objects.
Preferably, the second stage flotation is performed on the magnetic separation tailings after the buoyant objects are floated, and the fine pollucite concentrate is obtained after quartz and feldspar are removed through flotation, and the second stage flotation includes:
adding a second stage flotation reagent into the flotation tank, and acting for 8-30 min;
and after the second-stage flotation agent is acted, scraping out the quartz and the feldspar to complete the flotation of the quartz and the feldspar, wherein the product at the bottom of the residual pool is the fine pollucite concentrate.
Preferably, the first stage flotation agent comprises at least one of 3030C, butylated xanthate, hexadecylamine, MIBC and pine oil, and the dosage of the first stage flotation agent is 50-200g/t, 50-100g/t, 50-400g/t, 0-40g/t and 10-50g/t respectively;
the second stage flotation agent comprises at least one of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, oleic acid, sodium hexametaphosphate, alkylphenol and mixed amine, and the dosage of the second stage flotation agent is 0-1200g/t, 0-1500g/t, 10-400g/t, 150-600g/t, 50-500g/t and 0-200g/t respectively.
Preferably, the process of performing first-stage flotation on the buoyant matters in the magnetic separation tailings comprises primary roughing and primary scavenging; and the flow of performing second-stage flotation on the magnetic separation tailings after the easily-floated substances are floated comprises primary roughing and primary scavenging.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention discloses a method for recovering pollucite in a gradient manner, which comprises the following steps: step 1: screening the crushed ore with two different particle sizes in sequence, and carrying out X-ray dry separation on the oversize product obtained by secondary screening to obtain coarse-grain pollucite concentrate and X-ray dry separation tailings; step 2: mixing the undersize product obtained by secondary screening with the X-ray dry separation tailings, grinding and desliming to obtain settled sand, and stirring and mixing the settled sand to form ore pulp; and (3) carrying out ore dressing on the ore pulp by a process of magnetic separation and flotation to obtain fine pollucite concentrate. According to the method, coarse-grain pollucite concentrate is obtained through X-ray dry separation, fine-grain pollucite concentrate is obtained through a magnetic-floating-after-floatation separation process, pollucite with high recovery rate is obtained, and coarse-grain graded pollucite recovery is realized.
By adopting the method for recovering pollucite in steps, on one hand, the method can enable X-ray separation to be carried out more efficiently by screening with two different screen mesh apertures, and then can efficiently separate coarse-grain pollucite concentrate with high dissociation degree and better grade by X-ray separation; on the other hand, the tailings of the sorted coarse grain pollucite concentrate are pretreated by grinding, desliming and magnetic separation, so that the interference of impurities (magnetic minerals-iron-containing minerals) on flotation is avoided, pollucite entrainment is reduced, and easily floating objects, feldspar and quartz (gangue) are floated and sorted by using a reverse flotation method in two stages, so that fine grain pollucite concentrate is obtained efficiently, pollucite with high recovery rate is obtained, and coarse grain-fine grain graded pollucite recovery is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for stepwise recycling pollucite according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the method for the step recovery of pollucite from ore in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art. The present invention employs, unless otherwise indicated, examples of reagents, methods and apparatus conventional in the art.
The applicant of the present invention has found that pollucite cannot be recovered efficiently from pegmatite-type ores by the current ore sorting method and the obtained pollucite is not of high recovery rate.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for stepwise recovering pollucite, the method comprising:
referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 shows a flow chart of a method for step recovery of pollucite according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, including:
s101, screening the crushed ore with two different screen mesh apertures in sequence, and carrying out X-ray dry separation on the oversize product obtained by secondary screening to obtain coarse-grain pollucite concentrate and X-ray dry separation tailings;
in the embodiment of the invention, the X-ray dry separation mainly comprises the step of preferentially separating pollucite with high dissociation degree to obtain high-grade coarse-grain pollucite concentrate.
Due to the different dry and wet degrees of the ore and the covering of the dust on the surface, the optical performance of the ore is greatly influenced. Particularly, after a layer of water film is arranged on the surface of the ore, the photoelectric separator cannot efficiently identify and screen out the ore with different grades. Therefore, according to the embodiment of the invention, the pollucite can be efficiently sorted out by adopting X-ray dry sorting, so that the coarse-grain pollucite concentrate is obtained, and the coarse-grain step recovery of pollucite is realized.
S102, mixing the undersize product obtained by secondary screening with the X-ray dry separation tailings, grinding, mixing to form ore pulp, and desliming the ore pulp to obtain settled sand;
because the embedding granularity of part of pollucite in the ore is fine, the ore can be dissociated after grinding. However, in the process of grinding, slime is generated, the flotation interference of the slime on pollucite is large, and therefore the grade and the recovery rate of fine pollucite concentrate are affected, therefore, the embodiment of the invention adopts an ultrafine purification machine to remove fine slime smaller than 30 micrometers, and the working pressure of the ultrafine purification classifier is 0.45-0.90 MPa. And the materials after ore grinding are deslimed, so that the adverse influence of fine mud on the flotation is eliminated, and preparation is made for the flotation.
S103, carrying out size mixing on the settled sand, then carrying out magnetic separation, and then carrying out flotation to obtain fine pollucite concentrate.
In the embodiment of the invention, the settled sand is stirred and size-regulated to form ore pulp, so that the subsequent ore dressing process (magnetic separation first and flotation second) is conveniently carried out.
Preferably, the crushed ore is sequentially screened by two different screen hole diameters, including:
performing primary screening on the crushed ore, wherein the aperture of a screen mesh of the primary screening is 50-75 mm;
and (4) performing secondary screening on the undersize product subjected to the primary screening, wherein the screen aperture of the secondary screening is smaller than that of the primary screening, and the screen aperture of the secondary screening is 8-12 mm.
In the embodiment of the invention, because the pollucite is a fine granular mineral, the crushed granite pegmatite type cesium-containing ore is firstly screened by two different screen mesh sizes, so that the particle size of the mineral is controlled. Meanwhile, the minerals are sieved twice through different screen mesh apertures, so that the particle size of the minerals is better controlled to be 8-75mm, and the subsequent X-ray separation is carried out.
Preferably, the belt speed in the X-ray dry sorting is 2-3m/sec, the sorting particle size is 8-75mm, and the processing capacity is 30-80 t/h.
Preferably, in the step 2, the grinding fineness is-0.074 mm and accounts for 45-75%; the pulp mixing concentration of the ore pulp is 7-12%, and the ore pulp concentration after the settled sand is mixed is 12-20%.
Preferably, the settling sand is subjected to size mixing, then is subjected to magnetic separation, and then is subjected to flotation to obtain fine pollucite concentrate, wherein the fine pollucite concentrate comprises the following steps:
firstly, size mixing is carried out on the settled sand, and then the magnetic separation is carried out to remove magnetic minerals so as to obtain magnetic separation tailings;
after the magnetic separation tailings are subjected to size mixing until the concentration of ore pulp is 20-28%, adding the ore pulp into a flotation tank, and performing first-stage flotation on easily-floated matters in the magnetic separation tailings;
and performing second-stage flotation on the magnetic separation tailings after the easily-floating objects are floated to remove quartz and feldspar, and obtaining the fine pollucite concentrate.
In the embodiment of the invention, because the pegmatite type ore contains magnetic minerals, namely iron-containing minerals, the iron-containing minerals are separated from silicate minerals (feldspar, quartz and pollucite) by adopting magnetic separation, so that the interference of the iron-containing minerals (associated minerals) in the flotation process is avoided, the pollucite entrainment is reduced, and the subsequent flotation process is conveniently carried out. After the magnetic separation is completed, the preparation work (ore grinding, desliming and magnetic separation) before the flotation is basically completed.
In the embodiment of the invention, the magnetic separation tailings are subjected to first-stage flotation by a reverse flotation method, and the specific flotation time is determined according to the concentration of ore pulp added into a flotation tank and ranges from 6 min to 30 min. After the flotation is finished, the easily-floated objects are located in the foam, and the flotation of the easily-floated objects can be realized by scraping the foam.
In the embodiment of the invention, silicate minerals (feldspar, quartz and pollucite) have similar surface properties and are difficult to float upwards. Therefore, the magnetic separation tailings after flotation of the easy-to-float substances contain feldspar and quartz besides pollucite. The presence of feldspar and quartz has a greater impact on pollucite recovery. Therefore, the embodiment of the invention carries out the second stage flotation on the magnetic separation tailings after the easy-to-float objects are floated through the reverse flotation method, and feldspar and quartz are floated together to obtain the fine pollucite concentrate. The specific flotation time is also determined according to the concentration of the ore pulp added into the flotation cell, and the range is 8-30 min. After the second stage flotation is completed, quartz and feldspar are simultaneously positioned in the foam, the foam is scraped out, and pollucite products are left at the bottom of the tank.
Preferably, the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic separation is 0.6-2.2 Tesla.
In the embodiment of the invention, the selection of the magnetic field intensity during magnetic separation can influence the content of iron minerals in tailings. When the magnetic field intensity is higher, the content of iron minerals in the magnetic separation tailings is lower.
Preferably, the first stage flotation is performed on the floatables in the magnetic separation tailings, and comprises the following steps:
adding a first-stage flotation reagent into the flotation tank, and acting for 6-30 min;
and after the first-stage flotation agent is acted, scraping the easily-floated objects out to complete the flotation of the easily-floated objects.
Preferably, the second stage flotation is performed on the magnetic separation tailings after the buoyant objects are floated, quartz and feldspar are removed through flotation, and then the fine pollucite concentrate is obtained, and the second stage flotation comprises the following steps:
adding a second stage flotation reagent into the flotation tank, and acting for 8-30 min;
and after the second stage flotation agent is acted, scraping the quartz and the feldspar to complete the flotation of the quartz and the feldspar, wherein the product at the bottom of the residual pool is the fine pollucite concentrate.
Preferably, the first stage flotation agent comprises at least one of 3030C, butylated xanthate, hexadecylamine, MIBC and pine oil, and the dosage of the first stage flotation agent is 50-200g/t, 50-100g/t, 50-400g/t, 0-40g/t and 10-50g/t respectively;
the second stage flotation agent comprises at least one of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, oleic acid, sodium hexametaphosphate, alkylphenol and mixed amine, and the dosage of the second stage flotation agent is 0-1200g/t, 0-1500g/t, 10-400g/t, 150-600g/t, 50-500g/t and 0-200g/t respectively.
In the embodiment of the invention, the alkylphenol can be benzylphenol or o-benzylphenol; the specific components and the proportion of the mixed amine are determined according to ores of different producing areas, the components and the proportion are adjusted according to the element content of the ores of different producing areas, the mixed amine provided in the embodiment of the invention is ether amine and aromatic amine according to the proportion of 4:1 or cocoamine and lactam according to the proportion of 2:3, and the embodiment of the invention is not limited specifically.
Preferably, the process of performing first-stage flotation on the buoyant matters in the magnetic separation tailings comprises primary roughing and primary scavenging; and the flow of performing second-stage flotation on the magnetic separation tailings after the easily-floated substances are floated comprises primary roughing and primary scavenging.
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, a method for the step recovery of pollucite according to the present invention will be described below by way of specific examples.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a method for the step recovery of pollucite from ore according to example 1 of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, wherein "+" in fig. 2 represents an oversize product and "-" in fig. 2 represents an undersize product; the method comprises the following steps:
the ore in example 1 was a granite pegmatite type cesium-containing ore, the ore having the following main element contents: cs 2 O 1.11％，Fe 0.58％，SiO 2 77.21％，Al 2 O 3 13.57％，S 0.77％，Na 2 O 3.04％，K 2 O2.11 percent and CaO 0.63 percent. The main useful metal minerals are pollucite and limonite; the useless gangue minerals mainly comprise quartz, feldspar, mica and the like.
Performing first screening on the crushed ore with the screen mesh size of 65mm, returning a product (+) on the first screen to a crushing system, and performing second screening on a product (-) under the first screen with the screen mesh size of 12 mm; and (3) putting the oversize product (+) obtained by the secondary screening into an X-ray dry-type separator for separation, wherein the belt speed is 3m/sec, the separation granularity is 65mm, and the processing capacity is 68t/h during the X-ray dry-type separation, so that coarse-grain pollucite concentrate and X-ray dry-type separation tailings are obtained.
Mixing the undersize product (-) obtained by secondary screening with the X-ray dry separation tailings, grinding the mixture to obtain ore pulp with the pulp mixing concentration of 12%, wherein the grinding fineness is-0.074 mm and accounts for 55%; the ore pulp enters an ultra-fine purification classifier for desliming, fine mud is removed, and settled sand is obtained, wherein the working pressure of the ultra-fine purification classifier is 0.52 MPa; carrying out magnetic separation after settling sand is subjected to size mixing, wherein the concentration of ore pulp obtained after settling sand is subjected to size mixing is 15%, the magnetic field intensity is 1.2 tesla, and removing magnetic minerals through magnetic separation to obtain magnetic separation tailings; after the pulp concentration of the magnetic separation tailings is adjusted to 25%, adding the magnetic separation tailings into a flotation tank, performing first-stage flotation on easily-floated matters in the magnetic separation tailings, wherein the flotation time is 12min, flotation reagents comprise xanthate, 3030C and pine oil, the dosage of the flotation reagents is 50g/t, 80g/t and 30g/t respectively, performing one-time rough flotation and one-time scavenging, and scraping the easily-floated matters out after the action of the first-stage flotation reagents is finished so as to finish the flotation of the easily-floated matters; and (2) performing second-stage flotation on the magnetic separation tailings subjected to the flotation of the easily floated substances, wherein the mass concentration of ore pulp solids is 22%, the flotation time is 12min, the flotation reagents comprise potassium hydroxide, sodium hexametaphosphate, benzylphenol and mixed amine (ether amine: aromatic amine: 4:1), the dosage of the flotation reagents is 120g/t, 300g/t, 100g/t and 90g/t respectively, one-time rough concentration and one-time scavenging are adopted, and after gangue (quartz and feldspar) are removed through flotation, fine-grain pollucite concentrate is obtained, and the test results are shown in table 1.
Table 1 test results after flotation of example 1
The method provided by the invention can obtain coarse pollucite concentrate and fine pollucite concentrate with the grades of 6.15% and 5.97% respectively and the recovery rates of 55.58% and 31.42% respectively. Therefore, compared with other products, the method for recovering pollucite in a gradient manner provided by the invention can obtain pollucite with high recovery rate to the maximum extent, and realizes gradient recovery of pollucite in coarse grain-fine grain. Meanwhile, the grade and the quality of the obtained coarse-grain pollucite concentrate or fine-grain pollucite concentrate are both good.
Example 2
The ore in example 2 was also a granite pegmatite type cesium-containing ore, but the oreThe main element content in the stone is as follows: cs 2 O 2.25％，Fe 0.33％，SiO 2 74.51％，Al 2 O 3 13.81％，S 1.02％，Na 2 O 2.31％，K 2 O3.84 percent and CaO 1.09 percent. The main useful metal minerals are pollucite, pseudo magnetite and a small amount of pyrite; the useless gangue minerals mainly comprise quartz, feldspar, mica and the like.
Performing first screening on the crushed ore with the screen mesh size of 50mm, returning a product (+) on the first screen to a crushing system, and performing second screening on a product (-) under the first screen with the screen mesh size of 8 mm; and (3) putting the oversize product (+) obtained by the secondary screening into an X-ray dry-type separator for separation, wherein the belt speed is 3m/sec during the X-ray dry-type separation, the separation granularity is 75mm, and the processing capacity is 80t/h, so that coarse-grain pollucite concentrate and X-ray dry-type separation tailings are obtained.
Mixing the undersize product (-) obtained by secondary screening with the X-ray dry separation tailings, grinding the mixture to obtain ore pulp with the pulp mixing concentration of 10%, wherein the grinding fineness is-0.074 mm and accounts for 70%; the ore pulp enters an ultra-fine purification classifier for desliming, fine mud is removed, and settled sand is obtained, wherein the working pressure of the ultra-fine purification classifier is 0.70 MPa; carrying out magnetic separation after settling sand is subjected to size mixing, wherein the concentration of ore pulp obtained after settling sand is subjected to size mixing is 13%, the magnetic field intensity is 1.8 tesla, and removing magnetic minerals through magnetic separation to obtain magnetic separation tailings; after the magnetic separation tailings are subjected to size mixing until the concentration of ore pulp is 28%, adding the magnetic separation tailings into a flotation tank, performing first-stage flotation on easily-floating objects in the magnetic separation tailings, wherein the flotation time is 14min, flotation reagents comprise butyl xanthate, hexadecylamine and MIBC, the dosage of the flotation reagents is 40g/t, 66g/t and 40g/t respectively, performing one-time roughing and one-time scavenging, and scraping the easily-floating objects out after the action of the first-stage flotation reagents is finished so as to finish the flotation on the easily-floating objects; and (3) performing second-stage flotation on the magnetic separation tailings subjected to the floatation of the easily-floated substances, wherein the mass concentration of ore pulp solids is 25%, the flotation time is 15min, the flotation reagents comprise sodium hydroxide, sodium hexametaphosphate, o-benzylphenol and mixed amine (cocoamine: lactam ═ 2:3), the dosage of the flotation reagents is 150g/t, 200g/t, 120g/t and 80g/t respectively, one-time rough concentration and one-time scavenging are adopted, and after gangue (quartz and feldspar) are removed through flotation, fine-grain pollucite concentrate is obtained, and the test result is shown in table 2.
Table 2 test results after flotation of example 2
The method provided by the invention can obtain coarse pollucite concentrate and fine pollucite concentrate with the grades of 10.34% and 7.57% respectively and the recovery rates of 55.11% and 28.14% respectively. Therefore, compared with other products, the method for recovering pollucite in a gradient manner provided by the invention can obtain pollucite with high recovery rate to the maximum extent, and realizes gradient recovery of pollucite in coarse grain-fine grain.
For simplicity of explanation, the method embodiments are described as a series of acts or combinations, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention is not limited by the order of acts, as some steps may occur in other orders or concurrently in accordance with the invention. Further, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments and that the acts and elements referred to are not necessarily required to practice the invention.
The method for recovering pollucite in steps provided by the invention is described in detail above, a specific example is applied in the text to explain the principle and the implementation mode of the invention, and the description of the above example is only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for recovering pollucite in a cascade manner is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: screening the crushed ore with two different screen mesh sizes in sequence, and carrying out X-ray dry separation on the oversize product obtained by secondary screening to obtain coarse-grain pollucite concentrate and X-ray dry separation tailings;
step 2: mixing the undersize product obtained by secondary screening with the X-ray dry separation tailings, grinding, mixing to form ore pulp, and desliming the ore pulp to obtain settled sand;
and step 3: and (3) carrying out size mixing on the settled sand, then carrying out magnetic separation, and then carrying out flotation to obtain fine pollucite concentrate.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the crushed ore is sequentially screened through two different screen sizes, comprising:
performing primary screening on the crushed ore, wherein the aperture of a screen mesh of the primary screening is 50-75 mm;
and (4) performing secondary screening on the undersize product subjected to the primary screening, wherein the screen aperture of the secondary screening is smaller than that of the primary screening, and the screen aperture of the secondary screening is 8-12 mm.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the belt speed for the X-ray dry sorting is 2-3m/sec, the sorting particle size is 8-75mm, and the throughput is 30-80 t/h.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the grinding fineness is-0.074 mm, accounting for 45-75%; the pulp mixing concentration of the ore pulp is 7-12%, and the ore pulp concentration after the settled sand is mixed is 12-20%.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the conditioning of the settled sand is followed by magnetic separation and then flotation to obtain a fine pollucite concentrate, comprising:
firstly, size mixing is carried out on the settled sand, and then the magnetic separation is carried out to remove magnetic minerals so as to obtain magnetic separation tailings;
after the magnetic separation tailings are subjected to size mixing until the ore pulp concentration is 20-28%, adding the magnetic separation tailings into a flotation tank, and performing first-stage flotation on easily-floating objects in the magnetic separation tailings; and performing second-stage flotation on the magnetic separation tailings subjected to the floatation of the easily-floating objects, and performing flotation to remove quartz and feldspar to obtain the fine pollucite concentrate.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the magnetic separation has a magnetic field strength of 0.6-2.2 Tesla.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the subjecting the floatables in the magnetic tailings to a first stage flotation comprises:
adding a first-stage flotation reagent into the flotation tank, and acting for 6-30 min;
and after the first-stage flotation agent is acted, scraping the easily-floated objects out to complete the flotation of the easily-floated objects.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein the magnetic separation tailings after flotation of the buoyant objects are subjected to a second stage flotation to remove quartz and feldspar, so as to obtain the fine pollucite concentrate, and the second stage flotation comprises the following steps:
adding a second stage flotation reagent into the flotation tank, and acting for 8-30 min;
and after the second stage flotation agent is acted, scraping the quartz and the feldspar to complete the flotation of the quartz and the feldspar, wherein the product at the bottom of the residual pool is the fine pollucite concentrate.
9. The method of claim 5, wherein the first stage flotation reagent comprises at least one of 3030C, butylated xanthate, hexadecylamine, MIBC, and pine oil, and wherein the first stage flotation reagent is used in an amount of 50-200g/t, 50-100g/t, 50-400g/t, 0-40g/t, and 10-50g/t, respectively;
the second stage flotation agent comprises at least one of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, oleic acid, sodium hexametaphosphate, alkylphenol and mixed amine, and the dosage of the second stage flotation agent is 0-1200g/t, 0-1500g/t, 10-400g/t, 150-600g/t, 50-500g/t and 0-200g/t respectively.
10. The method according to claim 5, wherein the flow of the first stage flotation of the floatables in the magnetic separation tailings comprises one roughing, one scavenging; and the flow of performing second-stage flotation on the magnetic separation tailings after the easily-floated substances are floated comprises primary roughing and primary scavenging.
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