CN114994420A - Phased array antenna array element channel phase deflection characteristic test method - Google Patents
Phased array antenna array element channel phase deflection characteristic test method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The method for testing the phase deflection characteristic of the array element channel of the phased array antenna is simple and reliable, consumes less hardware resources and is easy to implement. The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: step 1, test preparation: firstly, calibrating a spatial position; step 2, testing a phase center: transmitting a transmitting trigger signal generated by an antenna test control system to a signal source through an optical fiber, finding a phase center of an array element antenna to be tested in a darkroom experiment turntable mode, and forming an uplink wave beam and a downlink wave beam; step 3, deflection phase characteristic testing: and (2) respectively sending the received data of all receiving channels to a data acquisition unit in a test control system by utilizing each shaft of a darkroom experiment turntable of a three-dimensional adjusting mechanism, measuring the actual phase center and the phase deflection characteristic of the array element antenna, finding the phase deflection characteristic of the array element antenna, drawing a phase deflection characteristic diagram of the array element antenna according to the deflection azimuth angle and the pitch angle, and correcting the channel phase of the antenna array element of the phased array on the basis of the phase deflection characteristic diagram.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for testing phase deflection characteristics of array element channels of a phased array antenna, belonging to the field of phased array antennas.
Background
Phased array antenna systems have become an indispensable and important component of modern antenna radar systems, and the phased array antenna systems play more and more important roles in space measurement and control, navigation and positioning and radar. The antenna of the phased array system radar is composed of a plurality of antenna elements arranged in an array. The number of the units is from hundreds to tens of thousands, and the units are regularly arranged on a plane to form an array antenna. The larger the number of elements of the antenna, the more possible orientations of the beam in space. The coherent principle of electromagnetic wave can be used to control the phase of current fed to each radiating unit by computer to synthesize different phase beams. The radar uses a computer to control the phase shifter of the antenna array, thereby changing the phase distribution on the array surface, finally forming the required wave beam and enabling the wave beam to scan in space according to a certain rule. The radiation unit sends the received echo signal to the host computer to complete the search, tracking and measurement of the radar to the target. The test of the phased array antenna comprises the test of basic characteristics such as beam direction, beam width, antenna gain, beam zero point, side lobe position, side lobe level and the like. In a phased array antenna system, an antenna pattern is an important parameter for describing antenna characteristics, and electronic devices with different purposes often require antennas with different directional characteristics, that is, the shape of the antenna pattern often determines the technical performance of the electronic devices. When searching and tracking an object, the whole antenna system can be fixed, the beam direction of the antenna is not controlled by a mechanical servo system, but the required antenna directional pattern and beam direction are obtained by controlling the phase of each unit in the array antenna, so that the beam is scanned in a certain space according to a preset rule. Antenna patterns are important parameters describing antenna performance, and for active phased array antennas, testing of patterns is often a complex and difficult task. A typical antenna pattern test needs to go through two stages, a near-field test and a far-field test. The near field test can calculate the directional pattern of the phased array antenna through a mathematical method on the basis of completing the phase test of each unit of the antenna, but even if the performance of an ideal antenna can be calculated, the antenna in actual use still needs to be checked through far field measurement because the near field test is difficult to truly simulate the actual use environment of the antenna. Because the traditional antenna pattern measurement usually adopts a single-channel and single-frequency point measurement mode, the measurement method is complicated and time-consuming, sometimes one-sided results are obtained, and the frequency band response characteristic of the antenna is difficult to completely describe. Because a single pulse system needs data information of a sum channel and a difference channel, different channels must have independent antenna directional diagram data; due to the consideration of interference resistance, the radar must be able to work in a wide frequency range, which requires that the antenna patterns of all channels and all working frequency points must be measured. For the radar with such a complex system, if the conventional antenna pattern testing method is still adopted, the testing work is a huge project.
The observed values are all based on the phase center position of the array element antenna, the phase center of the array element antenna is actually inconsistent with the geometric center of the array element antenna, and the influence of the deviation of the antenna phase center on the relative positioning result can reach several mm to more than ten mm according to the performance of the antenna. For measurements with very high accuracy requirements, this effect cannot be neglected. The phase deflection characteristics of the array elements are correct. The physical position of the phase center of the array element antenna is found out through the measurement of the phase of the array element antenna, and the phase deflection characteristic of the array element antenna is measured on the basis of the physical position, so that the problem which needs to be solved urgently in the design of a phased array antenna system is solved. The phase deflection characteristic of the array element mainly finds the phase center of the array element antenna to be detected in a darkroom experiment turntable mode, and the phase deflection characteristic of the array element antenna is found through the deflection phase characteristic test of the array element antenna, so that the channel phase of the antenna array element of the phased array is corrected on the basis.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of core array element antenna phase center measurement and array element antenna phase deflection characteristics in the design of the phased array antenna system, provides a simple and reliable test method which has low hardware resource consumption and can improve the reliability of the phased array antenna system design, and the method can be used for conveniently measuring the phase center and the phase deflection characteristics of the array element antenna in engineering practice, is used for correcting the beam forming of the phased array antenna and ensures that the engineering design of the phased array antenna system meets the index requirements.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for testing phase deflection characteristics of array element channels of a phased array antenna is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, test preparation: in a microwave darkroom, a positioning device, a radio frequency device, a control device, a calibration antenna and an array element antenna to be detected are all arranged on a darkroom experiment turntable, before a phased array antenna system starts phase center test, spatial position calibration is firstly carried out, a laser tracker is erected above a tripod on the ground of the darkroom, target balls are respectively arranged above polarization shafts at the tops of the darkroom experiment turntables at two ends, and spatial coordinates of the positioning device, the radio frequency device, the control device, the calibration antenna and the array element antenna to be detected are calibrated;
step 2, testing a phase center: calibrating space position coordinate information of each device in a phased array antenna system, then carrying out phase center test, giving basic design data of the phased array antenna system design, sending a transmitting trigger signal generated by an antenna test control system to a signal source through an optical fiber, outputting continuous wave radio frequency signals of different frequency points by the signal source according to time sequence requirements, finding the phase center of an array element antenna to be tested in a darkroom experiment turntable mode, determining the array element coordinate value of the phased array antenna by using the measured array element phase center point, further forming an upper beam and a lower beam, and obtaining the beam pointing accuracy of the tested antenna according to the actually rotated angle of the darkroom experiment turntable;
step 3, deflection phase characteristic testing: setting the deflection angle of a darkroom experimental turntable by software, taking an array element antenna phase center O as an original point as a coordinate system, rotating an array element antenna, aligning the phase center O of the tested antenna with a rotating array element antenna center point O' by utilizing each axis of the darkroom experimental turntable of a three-dimensional adjusting mechanism, respectively sending received data of all receiving channels to a data acquisition unit in a test control system, acquiring the phase deflection data of the array element antenna, then measuring the actual phase center and the phase deflection characteristic of the array element antenna by adopting a mode of combining the darkroom experimental turntable, a high-precision frame and optical measurement equipment, testing the deflection phase deflection characteristic of the array element antenna to find the phase deflection characteristic of the array element antenna, drawing a phase deflection characteristic diagram of the array element antenna according to the phase characteristic data of the deflection angle state of the array element antenna and the deflection azimuth angle, and correcting the channel phase of the antenna array element of the phased array on the basis of the channel phase.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the implementation method is simple and consumes less hardware resources. Positioning equipment, radio frequency equipment, control equipment, a calibration antenna and an array element antenna to be measured are all arranged on a darkroom experiment turntable, a laser tracker is erected above a tripod on the ground of a darkroom, target balls are respectively arranged above polarization shafts at the tops of the darkroom experiment turntables at two ends, and the space coordinates of the positioning equipment, the radio frequency equipment, the control equipment, the calibration antenna and the array element antenna to be measured are calibrated; the operation is simple, convenient and quick, and the system design is convenient. Through darkroom microwave test's mode, adopt the mode that revolving stage, high accuracy frame and optical measurement equipment combined together to measure the phase center and the phase deflection characteristic of array element antenna, only need utilize microwave darkroom revolving stage and traditional instrument, according to the test procedure of design, just can obtain the deflection characteristic data of the phase center of phased array antenna array element and the phase place of array element. The method is beneficial to improving the beam forming performance of system design and reducing the system design cost.
The method comprises the steps that a transmitting trigger signal generated by an antenna test control system is sent to a signal source through an optical fiber, the signal source outputs continuous wave radio frequency signals of different frequency points according to time sequence requirements, a phase center of an array element antenna to be tested is found in a darkroom experiment turntable mode, an array element coordinate value of the phased array antenna is determined by using the measured phase center point of the array element, an upper beam and a lower beam are further formed, and beam pointing accuracy of the tested antenna is obtained according to an actually rotated angle of the darkroom experiment turntable; the implementation basis of the beam forming of the phased array antenna is determined by measuring the phase center of the array element and the phase deflection characteristic of the array element. The method comprises the steps of determining an array element coordinate value of a phased array antenna by using a measured array element phase center point, further forming uplink and downlink beams, obtaining an antenna directional diagram meeting system requirements through a work flow of testing, adjusting phase matching data and retesting, and simultaneously further modifying a beam forming algorithm by using phase deflection characteristic data of the measured array element, so that the beam forming performance is better, random and blind design of a system can be avoided, and the engineering design of the phased array antenna system is ensured to meet index requirements.
The method measures the actual phase center and the phase deflection characteristic of the array element antenna by combining a darkroom experiment turntable, a high-precision frame and optical measurement equipment, tests the deflection phase characteristic of the array element antenna to find the phase deflection characteristic of the array element antenna, and provides basic design data of the design of a phased array antenna system, so that optimization and selection can be conveniently carried out according to specific conditions during the design of the phased array antenna. According to the phase characteristic data of the antenna deflection angle state of the array element, drawing an antenna phase deflection characteristic diagram of the array element according to the deflection azimuth angle and the pitch angle, and correcting the channel phase of the antenna array element of the phased array on the basis of the drawing. The characteristic data of the phase deflection angle of the array element antenna can be utilized to draw a phase deflection characteristic diagram of the array element antenna according to the deflection azimuth angle and the pitch angle, and the phase characteristic data of the state of the deflection angle of the array element antenna is as follows: the phase of the antenna channel of the array element can be corrected: the actually measured phase center can effectively represent the actual phase relation among the array elements. The high-frequency measured phase center is closer to the feed point than the theoretical phase center, and the reliability of the phased array antenna system design is improved.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a phase deflection characteristic test principle of a phased array antenna element of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the phase deflection characteristic test of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of coordinate measurements for testing the phase center of an array element and the phase deflection characteristics of the array element of a phased array antenna;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a test apparatus for testing the phase center of an array element and the phase deflection characteristics of the array element of a phased array antenna;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the phase deflection characteristics of a test array element antenna. FIG. 5(a) is a schematic view of the adjustment turret, FIG. 5(b) is a schematic view of the alignment of the calibration antenna with the element antenna normal, and FIG. 5(c) is a schematic view of the implementation with (ψ, δ) showing the direction of the far field point;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a phase center of an array element and a network of phase deflection characteristics of the array element of the phased array antenna.
Detailed Description
See fig. 1-3. According to the invention, the following steps are adopted:
step 1, test preparation: in a microwave darkroom, positioning equipment, radio frequency equipment, control equipment, a calibration antenna and an array element antenna to be tested are all arranged on a darkroom experiment turntable, before a phased array antenna system starts phase center test, spatial position calibration is firstly carried out, a laser tracker is erected above a tripod on the ground of the darkroom, target balls are respectively arranged above polarization shafts at the tops of the darkroom experiment turntables at two ends, and spatial coordinates of the positioning equipment, the radio frequency equipment and the control equipment are calibrated;
step 2, testing a phase center: calibrating space position coordinate information of each device in a phased array antenna system, then carrying out phase center test, giving basic design data of the phased array antenna system design, sending a transmitting trigger signal generated by an antenna test control system to a signal source through an optical fiber, outputting continuous wave radio frequency signals of different frequency points by the signal source according to time sequence requirements, finding the phase center of an array element antenna to be tested in a darkroom experiment turntable mode, determining the array element coordinate value of the phased array antenna by using the measured array element phase center point, further forming an upper beam and a lower beam, and obtaining the beam pointing accuracy of the tested antenna according to the actually rotated angle of the darkroom experiment turntable;
step 3, deflection phase characteristic testing: setting the deflection angle of a darkroom experimental turntable by software, taking an array element antenna phase center O as an original point as a coordinate system, rotating an array element antenna, aligning the phase center O of the tested antenna with a rotating array element antenna center point O' by utilizing each shaft of the darkroom experimental turntable of a three-dimensional adjusting mechanism, respectively sending the received data of all receiving channels to a data acquisition unit in a test control system, acquiring the phase deflection data of the array element antenna, measuring the actual phase center and the phase deflection characteristic of the array element antenna by adopting a combination mode of the darkroom experimental turntable, a high-precision frame and an optical measuring device, testing the deflection phase deflection characteristic of the array element antenna to find the phase deflection characteristic of the array element antenna, and drawing a phase deflection characteristic diagram of the array element antenna according to the phase characteristic data of the deflection angle state of the array element antenna and a deflection azimuth angle, and correcting the channel phase of the antenna elements of the phased array on the basis of the channel phase.
The calibration antenna and the array element antenna to be tested are arranged on a darkroom turntable and then are subjected to starting test in a microwave darkroom, the spatial positions of the beacon antenna and the antenna to be tested are calibrated in a preparation stage, spatial position information is output through a laser tracker and a target ball SMR, XYZ spatial coordinate systems of a test end turntable target, a reference end turntable target and the laser tracker shown in figure 3 are established, a two-axis test turntable is utilized for carrying out phase center test, phase center spatial position coordinates are output according to the spatial coordinates of the antenna to be tested, and a phase direction diagram phase center is output in a deflection phase characteristic test, so that the test is completed.
Referring to fig. 4, the positioning apparatus includes: the test end rotary table and the calibration end rotary table are mainly used for realizing accurate positioning of an antenna to be tested and movement of a sampling position, and the network switch is connected through a rotary table driver LAN and a TTL double circuit.
The radio frequency device includes: and a vector network analyzer connected with the antenna to be tested and the calibration antenna, wherein the RF signal of the calibration antenna passes through the RFB vector network analyzer and the low-noise radio frequency box to form a complete test link in cooperation with a radio frequency cable.
The control equipment comprises a control computer, matched control equipment and a vector network analyzer which are connected through a network switch, and is used for receiving trigger signals of the positioning equipment and the radio frequency equipment, completing time sequence interaction in the test process and simultaneously having transmission of network control commands.
Before the phased array antenna system starts phase center testing, a laser tracker is erected above a tripod on the ground of a darkroom for testing, target balls are respectively installed above polarization shafts at the tops of rotary tables at two ends, the tracker is erected to fix the target balls, so that the target balls at all positions in the testing process can be received, the three-dimensional space coordinate of the phased array antenna system is calibrated by calibrating and recording the space position coordinate information of all the devices in the phased array antenna system, and the space coordinates of the phased array antenna system and the devices are calibrated.
The coordinate system is established and the recording process is as follows: mounting targets on a three-dimensional adjusting mechanism rotary table AZ and an EL shaft at two ends and rotating, recording position information of each test point and fitting a circle, using a phase center O taking the circle center as a coordinate system and a rotating central point O 'to utilize each shaft of the three-dimensional adjusting mechanism rotary table, enabling the O and O' points to be aligned to spatial positions for calibration, using a laser tracker and the test target, erecting a calibration antenna and an antenna to be tested, enabling the phase center of the calibration antenna to be aligned to the rotating center of the rotary table, and simultaneously establishing a test space coordinate system for phase center test and phase deflection characteristic test;
the measurement and control work mainly comprises three stages of space position calibration in a test preparation stage, phase center test in a test stage 1 and deflection phase characteristic test in a test stage 2, wherein the test stage 1: under the established space coordinate system, the rotary table is utilized to scan and collect space phase information, and the phase center coordinate (x) of the antenna to be measured is calculated c ,y c ,z c ) Giving actual position information of the phase center relative to the antenna to be measured according to a known space coordinate system;
and (3) testing stage 2: and on the basis of completing the test 1, completing the test of the deflection phase center by using the antenna to be tested with the known phase center and the calibration antenna.
See fig. 5. The phase center and phase deflection characteristics of the array element antenna can be measured according to the following steps, before the test, an adjusting turntable as shown in figure 5(a) is installed to align the calibration antenna with the normal of the element antenna, according to figure 5(b), the direction of a far field point is taken as (psi, delta) on a coordinate system, and the phase direction function of the antenna array element with 0 point as a reference point is psi 0 (Ψ, δ) is centered at the phase of the antenna element
The phase direction function of the antenna array element as the reference point is psi c (Ψ,δ)＝Ψ 0 (Ψ,δ)- k(ux c +vy c +wz c )，u＝cosδsinψ,v＝sinδ,w＝cosδcosψ,
Where δ denotes pitch angle, Ψ denotes azimuth angle, Ψ denotes 0 Representing the phase-direction function, Ψ, of the antenna elements with reference to point 0 c Indicating the phase center point of the antenna element,
and k is an antenna element phase offset characteristic factor of the array element as a function of the phase direction of the antenna element of the reference point.
Ψ c (Ψ, δ) is in the range of (Ψ) 0 ,δ 0 ) The minimum amount of change in a solid angle centered,
then Ω is (Ψ) 0, δ 0 ) A region in the vicinity of the region where Δ is minimized (x) c ,y c ,z c ) The coordinate value satisfies
a 11 x c +a 12 y c +a 13 z c ＝b 1
a 21 x c +a 22 y c +a 23 z c ＝b 2
a 31 x c +a 32 y c +a 33 z c ＝b 3
Wherein:
a 11 ＝∫ Ω (u-u 0 ) 2 cosδdψdδ
a 22 ＝∫ Ω (v-v 0 ) 2 cosδdψdδ
a 33 ＝∫ Ω (w-w 0 ) 2 cosδdψdδ
a 12 ＝a 21 ＝∫ Ω (u-u 0 )(v-v 0 )cosδdψdδ
a 13 ＝a 31 ＝∫ Ω (u-u 0 )(w-w 0 )cosδdψdδ
a 23 ＝a 32 ＝∫ Ω (v-v 0 )(w-w 0 )cosδdψdδ
As shown in fig. 5(d), the turntable rotates the array element antenna a with the phase center O of the array element antenna as the origin according to the angle set by the software, and the direction of the far field point is represented by (ψ, δ), and the acquisition of the phase deflection data of the array element antenna is as follows: { array element antenna phase deflection correction values (ψ, δ) }.
See fig. 6. The characteristic data of the antenna phase deflection angle of the array element can be used for drawing a characteristic diagram of the phase deflection of the array element antenna according to the deflection azimuth angle and the pitch angle, and the characteristic data of the deflection angle between sampling points can be obtained by utilizing the data in an interpolation mode. The antenna channel phase of the array element can be corrected by utilizing the characteristic data of the antenna phase deflection angle of the array element: the phase of the antenna channel of the array element is the calibration phase plus the space phase plus { the phase deflection correction value (psi, delta) } of the antenna of the array element, and the beam forming performance of the phased array antenna is improved on the basis of the correction value.
What has been described above is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these variations and modifications should be considered as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for testing phase deflection characteristics of array element channels of a phased array antenna is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, test preparation: in a microwave darkroom, a positioning device, a radio frequency device, a control device, a calibration antenna and an array element antenna to be detected are all arranged on a darkroom experiment turntable, before a phased array antenna system starts phase center test, spatial position calibration is firstly carried out, a laser tracker is erected above a tripod on the ground of the darkroom, target balls are respectively arranged above polarization shafts at the tops of the darkroom experiment turntables at two ends, and spatial coordinates of the positioning device, the radio frequency device, the control device, the calibration antenna and the array element antenna to be detected are calibrated;
step 2, testing a phase center: calibrating space position coordinate information of each device in a phased array antenna system, then carrying out phase center test, giving basic design data of the phased array antenna system design, sending a transmitting trigger signal generated by an antenna test control system to a signal source through an optical fiber, outputting continuous wave radio frequency signals of different frequency points by the signal source according to time sequence requirements, finding the phase center of an array element antenna to be tested in a darkroom experiment turntable mode, determining the array element coordinate value of the phased array antenna by using the measured array element phase center point, further forming an upper beam and a lower beam, and obtaining the beam pointing accuracy of the tested antenna according to the actually rotated angle of the darkroom experiment turntable;
step 3, deflection phase characteristic testing: the deflection angle of a darkroom experimental turntable is set through software, the phase center 0 of an array element antenna is taken as an original point as a coordinate system, the array element antenna is rotated, each axis of the darkroom experimental turntable of a three-dimensional adjusting mechanism is utilized to align the phase center 0 of a tested antenna with the central point 0' of the rotating array element antenna, the received data of all receiving channels are respectively sent to a data acquisition unit in a test control system to acquire the phase deflection data of the array element antenna, then measuring the actual phase center and phase deflection characteristic of the array element antenna by combining a darkroom experiment turntable, a high-precision frame and optical measurement equipment, testing the deflection phase characteristic of the array element antenna to find the phase deflection characteristic of the array element antenna, according to the phase characteristic data of the antenna deflection angle state of the array element, drawing an antenna phase deflection characteristic diagram of the array element according to the deflection azimuth angle and the pitch angle, and correcting the channel phase of the antenna array element of the phased array on the basis of the drawing.
2. The method for testing the phase deflection characteristics of the array element channels of the phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized by: the calibration antenna and the array element antenna to be tested are arranged on the darkroom turntable and then are subjected to starting test in a microwave darkroom, the spatial positions of the beacon antenna and the antenna to be tested are calibrated in a preparation stage, spatial position information is output through the laser tracker and the target ball SMR, XYZ spatial coordinate systems of the test end turntable target, the reference end turntable target and the laser tracker shown in figure 3 are established, a two-axis test turntable is utilized for phase center test, a phase center spatial position coordinate is output according to the spatial coordinate of the antenna to be tested, a phase pattern phase center is output in a deflection phase characteristic test, and the test is completed.
3. The method for testing the phase deflection characteristics of the array element channels of the phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized by: the positioning apparatus includes: the system mainly comprises a test end rotary table and a calibration end rotary table which are used for realizing accurate positioning and sampling position movement of an antenna to be tested, and a network switch connected by a rotary table driver LAN and a TTL double circuit; the radio frequency device includes: the vector network analyzer is connected with the antenna to be tested and the calibration antenna, and a radio frequency signal RF of the calibration antenna passes through the RFB vector network analyzer and the low-noise radiation frequency box to form a complete test link by matching with a radio frequency cable; the control equipment comprises a control computer, matched control equipment and a vector network analyzer which are connected through a network switch, and is used for receiving trigger signals of the positioning equipment and the radio frequency equipment, completing time sequence interaction in the test process and simultaneously having transmission of network control commands.
4. The method for testing the phase deflection characteristics of the array element channels of the phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized by: before the phased array antenna system starts phase center testing, a laser tracker is erected above a tripod on the ground of a darkroom for testing, target balls are respectively installed above polarization shafts at the tops of turntables at two ends, the tracker is erected to fix the target balls to confirm that the target balls at various positions in the testing process can be received, three-dimensional space coordinates are tested, spatial position coordinate information of all devices in the phased array antenna system is calibrated through calibration recording, and the spatial coordinates of the devices are calibrated.
5. The method for testing the phase deflection characteristics of the array element channels of the phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized by: in the process of establishing a coordinate system and recording: mounting targets on a three-dimensional adjusting mechanism rotary table AZ and an EL shaft at two ends and rotating, recording position information of each test point and fitting a circle, using a phase center O taking the circle center as a coordinate system and a rotating central point O 'to utilize each shaft of the three-dimensional adjusting mechanism rotary table, enabling the O and O' points to be aligned to spatial positions for calibration, using a laser tracker and the test target, erecting a calibration antenna and an antenna to be tested, enabling the phase center of the calibration antenna to be aligned to the rotating center of the rotary table, and simultaneously establishing a test space coordinate system for phase center test and phase deflection characteristic test;
the method for testing the phase deflection characteristics of the array element channels of the phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: the measurement and control work comprises three stages of space position calibration in a test preparation stage, phase center test in a test stage 1 and deflection phase characteristic test in a test stage 2, wherein the test stage 1: under the established space coordinate system, the rotary table is utilized to scan and collect space phase information, and the phase center coordinate (x) of the antenna to be measured is calculated c ,y c ,z c ) Giving actual position information of the phase center relative to the antenna to be measured according to a known space coordinate system; and (3) testing stage 2: and on the basis of completing the test 1, completing the test of the deflection phase center by using the antenna to be tested with the known phase center and the calibration antenna.
6. The method for testing the phase deflection characteristics of the array element channels of the phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized by: before testing, firstly, an adjusting turntable is installed to align the calibration antenna with the normal of the element antenna, the direction of a far field point is taken as (psi, delta) on a coordinate system, and the phase direction function of an antenna array element with 0 point as a reference point is psi 0 (Ψ, δ) is centered at the phase of the antenna element
The phase direction function of the antenna array element as the reference point is psi c (Ψ,δ)＝Ψ 0 (Ψ,δ)-k(ux c +vy c +wz c )，u＝cosδsinψ,v＝sinδ,w＝cosδcosψ,
Where δ denotes pitch angle, Ψ denotes azimuth angle, Ψ denotes 0 Representing the phase-direction function, Ψ, of the antenna elements with reference to point 0 c The phase center point of the antenna array element is shown, and k is an antenna phase offset characteristic factor of the array element.
7. The method for testing the phase deflection characteristics of the array element channels of the phased array antenna according to claim 6, characterized by: psi c (Ψ, δ) is in the range of (Ψ) 0 ,δ 0 ) The minimum amount of change in a solid angle centered,
then Ω is (Ψ) 0 ,δ 0 ) A region in the vicinity of the region where Δ is minimized (x) c ,y c ,z c ) The coordinate value satisfies
a 11 x c +a 12 y c +a 13 z c ＝b 1
a 21 x c +a 22 y c +a 23 z c ＝b 2
a 31 x c +a 32 y c +a 33 z c ＝b 3
Wherein:
a 11 ＝∫ Ω (u-u 0 ) 2 cosδdψdδ
a 22 ＝∫ Ω (v-v 0 ) 2 cosδdψdδ
a 33 ＝∫ Ω (w-w 0 ) 2 cosδdψdδ
a 12 ＝a 21 ＝∫ Ω (u-u 0 )(v-v 0 )cosδdψdδ
a 13 ＝a 31 ＝∫ Ω (u-u 0 )(w-w 0 )cosδdψdδ
a 23 ＝a 32 ＝∫ Ω (v-v 0 )(w-w 0 )cosδdψdδ
from the measured phase pattern Ψ 0 (Ψ, δ) the position (x) of the phase center can be determined by solving a system of equations c ,y c ,z c ). Wherein, a 11 ～a 33 、b 1 ～b 3 For the calculated intermediate variables, μ, w, v are directional vector values, μ 0 、w 0 、v 0 Is the directional vector value of point 0.
8. The method for testing the phase deflection characteristics of the array element channels of the phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized by: the turntable rotates the array element antenna A by taking the phase center O of the array element antenna as an origin according to an angle set by software, the direction of a far field point is represented by (psi, delta), and the collected phase deflection data of the array element antenna is as follows: { array element antenna phase deflection correction values (ψ, δ) }.
9. The method for testing the phase deflection characteristics of the array element channels of the phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized by: and drawing an array element antenna phase deflection characteristic diagram according to the deflection azimuth angle and the pitch angle by using the array element antenna channel phase (calibration phase + spatial phase + { array element antenna phase deflection correction value (psi, delta) } array element antenna phase deflection angle characteristic data, and obtaining deflection angle characteristic data between sampling points by using the data in an interpolation mode.
10. The method for testing the phase deflection characteristics of the array element channels of the phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized by: correcting the phase of an antenna channel of the array element by utilizing the characteristic data of the phase deflection angle of the antenna of the array element: the phase of the antenna channel of the array element is the calibration phase plus the space phase plus { the phase deflection correction value (psi, delta) } of the antenna of the array element, and the beam forming performance of the phased array antenna is improved on the basis of the correction value.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115549821A (en) * | 2022-11-15 | 2022-12-30 | 成都中科时空比智新研科技有限公司 | Array antenna external field differential phase difference calibration method |
| CN116500618A (en) * | 2023-06-28 | 2023-07-28 | 逻安科技(天津)有限责任公司 | Method for realizing high-frequency beyond-view-range radar ranging and fuzzy environment imaging |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115549821A (en) * | 2022-11-15 | 2022-12-30 | 成都中科时空比智新研科技有限公司 | Array antenna external field differential phase difference calibration method |
| CN116500618A (en) * | 2023-06-28 | 2023-07-28 | 逻安科技(天津)有限责任公司 | Method for realizing high-frequency beyond-view-range radar ranging and fuzzy environment imaging |
| CN116500618B (en) * | 2023-06-28 | 2023-09-15 | 逻安科技(天津)有限责任公司 | Method for realizing high-frequency beyond-view-range radar ranging and fuzzy environment imaging |
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