CN114966197A - Transient microwave frequency measuring device and method based on stimulated Brillouin scattering effect - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an instantaneous microwave frequency measuring device and method based on stimulated Brillouin scattering effect, which utilizes an optical fiber coupler to divide continuous light emitted by an adjustable laser into an upper path and a lower path, wherein one path of signal is used as signal light by modulating different known signals through two parallel phase modulators, and the other path of signal is used as pump light by modulating a signal carrying Brillouin frequency shift and inhibiting a carrier single side band through a double parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator; the signal light and the pumping light generate stimulated Brillouin scattering in the high nonlinear optical fiber, a comparison function is established through the output power of the two paths of signals, the corresponding relation between the signal to be measured and the power is established, and instantaneous microwave frequency measurement is achieved. The invention can adapt to carrier light sources under different wavelengths, reduces the use of partial optical elements, can change the measurement range by changing the frequency difference between phase modulation signals and realizes the adjustability of the broadband.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave photonics, and particularly relates to a broadband adjustable instantaneous microwave frequency measuring device and method based on a stimulated Brillouin scattering effect.
Background
With the rapid development of science and technology, the traditional electrical microwave frequency measurement technology can not meet the measurement requirements of modern wide bandwidth, high frequency range, high precision and transient and variable environment. Microwave photonics combines the advantages of optical signals and microwave signals, and compared with a traditional electronic system, the microwave frequency measurement system based on the microwave photonics has the advantages of low loss, large working bandwidth, small size, good reconfigurability, electromagnetic interference resistance and the like. The instantaneous microwave frequency measurement based on the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect has adjustable frequency measurement range, large measurement range, small measurement error and narrow-band filtering characteristic of stimulated Brillouin scattering, and thus has led to extensive research.
Although the existing transient microwave frequency measurement system based on the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect is greatly improved in the aspects of measurement range, errors and the like, the measurement range and the errors cannot be considered at the same time, and some used optical elements are complex and cannot be adjusted according to requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an instantaneous microwave frequency measuring device and method based on the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect, which can change the frequency measuring range and error by adjusting the frequency difference of two phase modulators, reduce the use of part of optical elements and reduce the complexity of system operation.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an instantaneous microwave frequency measuring device based on stimulated Brillouin scattering effect, comprising: the tunable laser 1, the first 1 × 2 fiber coupler 2, the second 1 × 2 fiber coupler 3, the first phase modulator 4, the first microwave signal source 5, the first isolator 6, the first high nonlinear fiber 7, the first circulator 8, the second phase modulator 9, the second microwave signal source 10, the second semiconductor optical amplifier 11, the second high nonlinear fiber 12, the second circulator 13, the first double-parallel mach-zehnder modulator 14, the third microwave signal source 15, the second double-parallel mach-zehnder modulator 16, the fourth microwave signal source 17, the semiconductor optical amplifier 18, the third 1 × 2 fiber coupler 19, the first photodetector 20, and the second photodetector 21.
The light source output by the tunable laser 1 is emitted into the first 1 × 2 fiber coupler 2, and the light source is divided into two paths: one path of the light source is divided into two paths through a second 1 multiplied by 2 optical fiber coupler 3 and is input into a first phase modulator 4 and a second phase modulator 9 which are connected in parallel; the first microwave signal source 5 and the second microwave signal source 10 output different frequency signals to modulate signals in the first phase modulator 4 and the second phase modulator 9; the modulated signals sequentially pass through a first optical isolator 6 and a second optical isolator 11 and enter a first high nonlinear optical fiber 7 and a second high nonlinear optical fiber 12 to serve as signal light of a stimulated Brillouin scattering effect; the other path is input into a first double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator 14 and a second double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator 16 which are cascaded; the frequency of one Brillouin frequency shift generated by the third microwave signal source 15 is input into the first double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator 14, and the signal to be measured generated by the fourth microwave signal source 17 is input into the second double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator 16; the optical signal amplified by the semiconductor optical amplifier 18 enters a third 1 × 2 optical fiber coupler 19 and is divided into two paths; then, the signals pass through the first circulator 8 and the second circulator 13 respectively to be used as pump light of the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect and input into the first high nonlinear optical fiber 7 and the second high nonlinear optical fiber 12; then input into the first photodetector 20 and the second photodetector 21 from the output ports of the first circulator 8 and the second circulator 13; and measuring the power of the two paths of output signals, performing data processing 22, constructing a power comparison function ACF, and acquiring the frequency information of the signal to be measured.
Preferably, the first and second dual-parallel mach- zehnder modulators 14, 16 operate in a suppressed-carrier single-sideband state.
Preferably, the pump light of the lower branch and the signal light of the upper branch are transmitted in opposite directions in the high nonlinear optical fiber, stimulated brillouin scattering occurs when there is a brillouin frequency shift amount difference between the pump light and the signal light, and then the optical domain output of the modulation signal is expressed as:
wherein E is in (t) is the frequency f generated by the laser c The continuous light of (2); f. of b Is Brillouin frequency shift quantity; j. the design is a square n (m) is a first class of nth order Bessel function, V m Is the amplitude, V, of the signal to be measured π Is the half-wave voltage of the electro-optical modulator; g (f) x -f m1,2 ) Is shown at frequency point f x -f m1,2 The resulting gain case, a (f) x +2f b -f m1,2 ) Is shown at frequency point f x +2f b -f m1,2 The resulting loss.
Preferably, the power comparison function ACF is constructed by:
the signal output power of the first photodetector 20 and the second photodetector 21 is:
wherein f is 11 ＝f x -f m1 ，f 12 ＝f x +2f b -f m1 ，f 21 ＝f x -f m2 ，f 22 ＝f x +2f b -f m2 (ii) a The gain introduced by the signal to be measured when the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect occurs in the upper and lower paths is G (f) 11 )、G(f 12 ) Loss is A (f) 12 )、A(f 12 )，φ g (f 11 )、φ g (f 12 ) Phi and phi a (f 11 )、φ a (f 12 ) Respectively phase shifts introduced by the sidebands of the signals to be measured in the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect of the upper path and the lower path. The calculated power ratio ACF is as follows:
when the phase is inputtedBit modulation signal f m1,2 Known, ACF and frequency f of the signal to be measured x The frequency f of the signal to be measured is calculated according to the ratio ACF of the output power of the two paths of photoelectric detectors x 。
Preferably, the wavelength λ of the output signal of the tunable laser 1 is 1460nm to 1630 nm.
Preferably, the first 1 × 2 optical fiber coupler 2, the second 1 × 2 optical fiber coupler 3, and the third 1 × 2 optical fiber coupler 19 have a splitting ratio of 1: 1.
The invention provides a method for measuring instantaneous microwave frequency based on stimulated Brillouin scattering effect, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, dividing a light source emitted by the tunable laser into signal light and pump light by using an optical fiber coupler, dividing the signal light into an upper path and a lower path, respectively modulating different signals by using a phase modulator, and using a suppressed carrier single-sideband modulation signal carrying Brillouin frequency shift as the pump light;
and step S2, the signal light and the pump light generate stimulated Brillouin scattering in the high nonlinear optical fiber, a comparison function is constructed through the output power of two different signals, the corresponding relation between the signal to be measured and the power is established, and instantaneous microwave frequency measurement is realized.
The invention has the following technical effects:
(1) the measurement range of the microwave frequency measurement is adjustable, and the measurement range depends on the frequency difference between the phase modulation signals and is independent of the structure of the measurement system.
(2) And a power ratio function curve is constructed based on the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect, so that the frequency value of the microwave signal to be measured is obtained, and the measurement precision is improved.
(3) Compared with the existing frequency measurement method based on the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect, the frequency measurement method based on the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect does not need to use a vector analyzer, and a power ratio function is constructed by controlling the frequency difference of the two phase modulators, so that the complexity of operation is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a microwave signal frequency measurement device;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the spectral processing of a microwave signal frequency measurement device, wherein (a) is phase modulation; (b) to suppress carrier single sideband modulation; (c) is a stimulated Brillouin scattering effect; (d) the spectrum is the frequency spectrum after the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect;
FIG. 3 is a graph of a single microwave signal to be measured versus a power ratio ACF;
FIG. 4 is a graph of a plurality of microwave signals to be measured versus a power ratio ACF.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following technical solutions.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides an instantaneous microwave frequency measuring device based on stimulated brillouin scattering effect, including: comprises a tunable laser (1), a first 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler (2), a second 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler (3), a first phase modulator (4), a first microwave signal source (5), a first isolator (6), a first high nonlinear optical fiber (7), a first circulator (8), a second phase modulator (9), a second microwave signal source (10) and a second semiconductor optical amplifier (11), the microwave signal processing device comprises a second high nonlinear optical fiber (12), a second circulator (13), a first double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (14), a third microwave signal source (15), a second double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (16), a fourth microwave signal source (17), a first semiconductor optical amplifier (18), a third 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler (19), a first photoelectric detector (20), a second photoelectric detector (21) and data processing (22).
The light source output by the tunable laser 1 is emitted into the first optical fiber coupler 2, and the light source is divided into two paths: one path of light passes through the second 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler 3 and then divides the light source into two paths, and the two paths of light are input into the first phase modulator 4 and the second phase modulator 9 which are connected in parallel, so that carriers in the system have the same central wavelength; a series of frequency sweep different frequency signals are output from a first microwave signal source 5 and a second microwave signal source 10, phase modulation is carried out on the input optical signals by a first phase modulator 4 and a second phase modulator 9, only a first-order sideband is considered, and a series of frequency sweep phase modulation signals are obtained as shown in fig. 2; the modulated signals are inputted to the first opto-isolators 6,The first high nonlinear optical fiber 7 and the second optical isolator 11 are used as signal light of stimulated Brillouin scattering effect in the second high nonlinear optical fiber 12; the other path is input into a first double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator 14 and a second double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator 16 which are cascaded; the frequency of the Brillouin frequency shift generated by the third microwave signal source 15 is f b Is input to the first double parallel mach-zehnder modulator 14, and the fourth microwave signal source 17 generates a signal to be measured of f x Input to a second dual-parallel mach-zehnder modulator 16; because of the small signal modulation, only the upper sideband is considered, and the frequency value of the output signal is f c +f b +f x After being amplified by the semiconductor optical amplifier 18, the signal passes through the third 1 × 2 optical fiber coupler to be output into two paths, and the two paths of signals respectively pass through the first circulator 8 and the second circulator 13 to be input into the first high nonlinear optical fiber 7 and the second high nonlinear optical fiber 12 as pump light of a stimulated Brillouin scattering effect; then, optical signals are respectively input into the first photoelectric detector 20 and the second photoelectric detector 21 from the output ports of the first circulator 8 and the second circulator 13, at this time, the optical signals are converted into electrical signals, the power of the two paths of output signals is measured, data processing is performed through the data processor 22, a power comparison function ACF is constructed, and finally frequency information of the signal to be measured is obtained.
Compared with the existing stimulated Brillouin scattering effect-based instantaneous microwave frequency measurement method, the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect-based instantaneous microwave frequency measurement device provided by the invention does not need to use a vector analyzer, constructs a power ratio function by controlling the frequency difference of the two phase modulators, and has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, high sensitivity and reconfigurability.
As an implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the first and second dual-parallel mach- zehnder modulators 14 and 16 operate in a carrier-suppressed single-sideband state.
As an implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the pump light of the lower branch and the signal light of the upper branch are transmitted in opposite directions in the high nonlinear optical fiber, and when there is a difference of one brillouin frequency shift amount between the pump light and the signal light, stimulated brillouin scattering occurs, as shown in fig. 2. The optical domain output of the modulated signal can be expressed as:
wherein E is in (t) is the frequency f generated by the laser c The continuous light of (2); f. of b Is Brillouin frequency shift quantity; j is a unit of n (m) is a Bessel function of order n of the first kind, V m Amplitude, V, of the signal to be measured π Is the half-wave voltage of the electro-optical modulator; g (f) x -f m1,2 ) Is shown at frequency point f x -f m1,2 In the resulting gain case, A (f) x +2f b -f m1,2 ) Is shown at frequency point f x +2f b -f m1,2 The resulting loss.
Neglecting the dc component and the minimum second harmonic component, the signal power of the first photodetector 20 and the second photodetector 21 are:
wherein, the gain introduced by the signal to be measured when the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect occurs in the upper and lower paths is G (f) 11 )、G(f 12 ) Loss is A (f) 12 )、A(f 12 )，φ g (f 11 )、φ g (f 12 ) Phi and phi a (f 11 )、φ a (f 12 ) Respectively introducing phase shift for the sidebands of the signal to be measured in the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect of the upper path and the lower path; g 0 Representing the central gain coefficient, Deltav, of a highly nonlinear fibre B Indicating the gain bandwidth of the stimulated brillouin scattering effect at 3 dB.
When phase modulation signal f is input m1,2 Known by the power ratio function P out1 /P out2 The ratio of (A) to (B) can be obtainedSignal f x The power ratio ACF calculated by the data processor 22 is:
in the formula (4) f 11 ＝f x -f m1 ，f 12 ＝f x +2f b -f m1 ，f 21 ＝f x -f m2 ，f 22 ＝f x +2f b -f m2 。
As can be seen from equation (4), when the phase modulation signal f is inputted m1,2 Known, ACF and the frequency f of the signal to be measured x The one-to-one correspondence exists, and the frequency f of the signal to be measured can be calculated according to the ratio ACF of the output electric signals of the two photoelectric detectors x 。
When the wavelength lambda of the output signal of the tunable laser is 1550 nm; the splitting ratio of the coupler is 1: 1; the length of the high nonlinear optical fiber is 5km, the refractive index n is 1.45, and the Brillouin line width Deltav B 40MHz, line center gain factor g 0 Brillouin frequency shift amount f ═ 5 b 11.1 GHz; when phase modulating signal f m1 ＝70GHz，f m2 The frequency interval of the microwave signal to be measured is set at 0-50GHz, and the ACF curve can be obtained as shown in fig. 3. The monotonic interval of the ACF curve is 1.6-47.7GHz, the effective frequency measurement range is limited in the monotonic interval, and the microwave frequency to be measured corresponds to the optical power ratio. Because the ACF value meets the characteristic that the sensitivity is more than or equal to 0.01dB/GHz, the scheme can realize the measurement of the broadband instantaneous microwave frequency.
As can be seen from equation (4), the modulation signal f m1,2 The value of (a) affects the result of ACF. Therefore, in an effective frequency measurement range, the influence of the phase modulation signal on the ACF curve needs to be analyzed, and different phase modulation signals correspond to different ACF values, so that the system corresponds to different frequency measurement ranges.
Since the two phase modulators are modulated by different signals to generate different output signals, the phase modulation signal f can be obtained by analysis m1,2 The frequency difference of (2) determines the frequency measurement range. When fixingF is fixed m2 Change f at 0GHz m1 The frequency difference between the signals is 10GHz, 20GHz, 40GHz, 50GHz, 60GHz, 70GHz and 80GHz in sequence, and the curve between the frequency and the power ratio ACF of the unknown signal is shown in FIG. 4.
As can be seen from fig. 4, the signal f is modulated with the phase m1,2 The range of the first monotonic interval of the ACF curve becomes larger and larger as the frequency difference increases, and the steepness of the ACF curve gradually decreases as the frequency difference increases. Theoretical phase modulated signal f m1,2 The frequency difference of (b) can be varied arbitrarily, so that the frequency measurement range can continue to increase, but the measurement error increases with it.
Example 2:
the invention also provides a method for measuring the instantaneous microwave frequency based on the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, dividing a light source emitted by the tunable laser into signal light and pump light by using an optical fiber coupler, dividing the signal light into an upper path and a lower path, respectively modulating different signals by using a phase modulator, and using a suppressed carrier single-sideband modulation signal carrying Brillouin frequency shift as the pump light;
and step S2, the signal light and the pump light generate stimulated Brillouin scattering in the high nonlinear optical fiber, a comparison function is constructed through the output power of two different signals, the corresponding relation between the signal to be measured and the power is established, and instantaneous microwave frequency measurement is realized.
The transient microwave frequency measurement method based on the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect can adapt to carrier light sources under different wavelengths, change the frequency difference between phase modulation signals, change the measurement range, and have the advantages of simple structure, low cost, high sensitivity and reconfigurability.
The above-mentioned embodiments are described in detail for the device for measuring instantaneous microwave frequency based on stimulated brillouin scattering effect of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like based on the above disclosure should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An instantaneous microwave frequency measuring device based on a stimulated Brillouin scattering effect is characterized by comprising: the tunable laser comprises a tunable laser (1), a first 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler (2), a second 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler (3), a first phase modulator (4), a first microwave signal source (5), a first isolator (6), a first high nonlinear optical fiber (7), a first circulator (8), a second phase modulator (9), a second microwave signal source (10), a second semiconductor optical amplifier (11), a second high nonlinear optical fiber (12), a second circulator (13), a first double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (14), a third microwave signal source (15), a second double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (16), a fourth microwave signal source (17), a semiconductor optical amplifier (18), a third 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler (19), a first photoelectric detector (20) and a second photoelectric detector (21);
the light source output by the tunable laser (1) is emitted into the first 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler (2), and the light source is divided into two paths: one path of the light source is divided into two paths through a second 1 multiplied by 2 optical fiber coupler (3) and is input into a first phase modulator (4) and a second phase modulator (9) which are connected in parallel; the first microwave signal source (5) and the second microwave signal source (10) output signals with different frequencies to modulate signals in the first phase modulator (4) and the second phase modulator (9); the modulated signals are sequentially input into a first optical isolator (6) and a second optical isolator (11) and enter into a first high nonlinear optical fiber (7) and a second high nonlinear optical fiber (12) to serve as signal light of a stimulated Brillouin scattering effect; the other path is input into a first double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (14) and a second double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (16) which are cascaded; a third microwave signal source (15) generates a frequency of a Brillouin frequency shift quantity to be input into a first double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (14), and a fourth microwave signal source (17) generates a signal to be measured to be input into a second double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (16); the optical signal amplified by the semiconductor optical amplifier (18) enters a third 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler (19); then the signals are respectively input into the first high nonlinear fiber (7) and the second high nonlinear fiber (12) as pump light of stimulated Brillouin scattering effect through the first circulator (8) and the second circulator (13); then the signals are input into a first photoelectric detector (20) and a second photoelectric detector (21) through output ports of a first circulator (8) and a second circulator (13); and measuring the power of the two paths of output signals to perform data processing, constructing a power comparison function ACF, and acquiring the frequency information of the signal to be measured.
2. The apparatus for measuring instantaneous microwave frequency based on stimulated brillouin scattering effect according to claim 1, wherein the first and second double-parallel mach-zehnder modulators (14, 16) are operated in a carrier-suppressed single-sideband state.
3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the pump light of the lower branch and the signal light of the upper branch are transmitted in opposite directions in the highly nonlinear optical fiber, and the stimulated brillouin scattering effect occurs when there is a difference in brillouin frequency shift between the pump light and the signal light, and the optical domain output is expressed as:
wherein E is in (t) is the frequency f generated by the laser c The continuous light of (2); f. of b Is Brillouin frequency shift quantity; frequency f of signal to be measured x (ii) a The phase modulation signal is f m1,2 ，J n (m) is a first class of nth order Bessel functions, n is an integer; n is n m /V π Is a modulation factor, V m Is the amplitude, V, of the signal to be measured π Is the half-wave voltage of the modulator; g (f) x -f m1,2 ) Is shown at frequency point f x -f m1,2 The gain generated, A (f) x +2f b -f m1,2 ) Is shown at frequency point f x +2f b -f m1,2 The resulting loss.
4. The transient microwave frequency measurement device based on the stimulated brillouin scattering effect according to claim 3, wherein the constructed power comparison function ACF is specifically:
the signal output power of the first photodetector (20) and the second photodetector (21) is respectively as follows:
wherein f is 11 ＝f x -f m1 ，f 12 ＝f x +2f b -f m1 ，f 21 ＝f x -f m2 ，f 22 ＝f x +2f b -f m2 (ii) a Signal to be measured f x The gain introduced when the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect occurs in the upper and lower paths is G (f) 11 )、G(f 12 ) Loss is A (f) 12 )、A(f 12 )，φ g (f 11 )、φ g (f 12 ) Phi (phi) and phi (phi) a (f 11 )、φ a (f 12 ) Respectively phase shifts introduced by the sidebands of the signals to be measured in the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect of the upper path and the lower path. The calculated power ratio ACF is:
5. the apparatus for measuring instantaneous microwave frequency based on stimulated brillouin scattering according to claim 4, wherein the phase modulation signal f is input when m1,2 Known, ACF and frequency f of the signal to be measured x The frequency f of the signal to be measured is calculated according to the ratio ACF of the output power of the two paths of photoelectric detectors x 。
6. The transient microwave frequency measuring device based on stimulated Brillouin scattering effect as claimed in claim 4Characterised in that the wavelength λ of the output signal of the tuneable laser (1) p Is 1460nm-1630 nm.
7. The apparatus for measuring instantaneous microwave frequency based on the stimulated brillouin scattering effect according to claim 4, wherein the first 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler (2), the second 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler (3), and the third 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler (19) have a splitting ratio of 1: 1.
8. A transient microwave frequency measurement method based on stimulated Brillouin scattering effect is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, dividing a light source emitted by the tunable laser into signal light and pump light by using an optical fiber coupler, dividing the signal light into an upper path and a lower path, respectively modulating different signals by using a phase modulator, and using a suppressed carrier single-sideband modulation signal carrying Brillouin frequency shift as the pump light;
and step S2, the signal light and the pump light generate stimulated Brillouin scattering in the high nonlinear optical fiber, a comparison function is constructed through the output power of two different signals, the corresponding relation between the signal to be measured and the power is established, and instantaneous microwave frequency measurement is realized.
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