CN114964548A - Transformer oil temperature monitoring method - Google Patents
Transformer oil temperature monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114964548A CN114964548A CN202210279039.6A CN202210279039A CN114964548A CN 114964548 A CN114964548 A CN 114964548A CN 202210279039 A CN202210279039 A CN 202210279039A CN 114964548 A CN114964548 A CN 114964548A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
- G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
- G06F17/15—Correlation function computation including computation of convolution operations
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of transformer temperature monitoring, and particularly relates to a transformer oil temperature monitoring method, which comprises the following steps: preliminarily measuring the real-time oil temperature in the transformer oil tank through an oil temperature controller and a winding temperature controller which are arranged on the transformer; the average oil temperature between two measuring points can be indirectly measured by measuring the oil pressure intensity difference of the two measuring points with certain height difference by utilizing the characteristic that the density of the transformer oil changes along with the change of the temperature; the current signal is generated by two pressure transmitters arranged on the wall of the oil tank of the transformer and with different heights. The invention can measure the integral distribution condition of the oil temperature by generating current signals by two pressure transmitters with different heights arranged on the wall of the oil tank of the transformer, converting the current signals into voltage signals after passing through the precision resistor, sampling the voltage signals by using the converter, converting analog quantity voltage signals into digital quantity voltage signals and transmitting the digital quantity voltage signals to the central processing unit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of transformer temperature monitoring, in particular to a transformer oil temperature monitoring method.
Background
The operation condition of the power transformer, which is one of important devices of a power grid, has a very important influence on the safety of the power grid, and a considerable part of transformer operation accidents are caused by overload operation. The transformer overload operation increases the heating value of the winding, further causes the temperature rise of transformer oil and other insulating materials, causes the aging of the insulating materials for a long time, and finally causes the insulation breakdown of the winding to burn out the transformer. Therefore, the monitoring of the temperature rise of the oil during the operation of the transformer has an important early warning effect on the prevention of the accidents.
The traditional temperature controller utilizes the pressure change generated by the temperature change of a temperature sensing medium filled in a closed system to make the end part of an elastic corrugated pipe generate displacement change, so that the end part of the elastic corrugated pipe generates angular displacement to drive a pointer to indicate the measured temperature value. The temperature controller is generally provided with an electric contact and a remote signal device for outputting a temperature switch control signal and a temperature transmission signal, and the measuring method can reflect the oil temperature change in a certain local space of the transformer, but is not suitable for reflecting the overall distribution condition of the oil temperature due to the imbalance of the distribution of the oil temperature in the oil tank of the transformer.
Therefore, a transformer oil temperature monitoring method is provided to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a transformer oil temperature monitoring method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a transformer oil temperature monitoring method comprises the following steps:
s1, primarily measuring the real-time oil temperature in the transformer oil tank through an oil temperature controller and a winding temperature controller which are arranged on the transformer;
s2, measuring the average oil temperature between two measuring points indirectly by measuring the oil pressure difference of the two measuring points with a certain height difference by using the characteristic that the density of the transformer oil changes along with the change of the temperature;
s3, generating current signals through two pressure transmitters with different heights arranged on the wall of the oil tank of the transformer, converting the current signals into voltage signals through a precision resistor, sampling the voltage signals by using a converter, converting analog voltage signals into digital voltage signals and transmitting the digital voltage signals to a central processing unit;
and S4, processing and resolving the two paths of digital quantity electric signals according to a basic mathematical relational expression by the central processing unit according to a pre-compiled processing program, and transmitting a resolving result to a monitoring program of a background upper computer through a transmission circuit to display in real time.
In the above-mentioned method for monitoring the temperature of the transformer oil, in step S1, the power transformer has no internal air load loss P when operating 0 And load loss P k The loss is converted into heat, part of the heat is used for improving the temperature of the winding, the iron core and the structural member, the winding and the iron core emit heat to the transformer oil, the temperature of the transformer oil is gradually improved, and then the heat is dissipated to the ambient air through the oil tank and the cooling device.
In the above method for monitoring the temperature of the transformer oil, the analysis of the overall temperature rise characteristic of the transformer is as follows:
the no-load loss adopts the following calculation formula:
P 0 ＝K 0 GVp 0 in the formula P 0 No load loss (W); p is a radical of 0 The loss (W/Kg) of the silicon steel sheet per unit weight; k 0 Adding a coefficient for no-load loss;
the loss of the transformer in unit time is P, the energy generated in the time dt is Pdt, the temperature of the transformer is improved by a part of the energy, the temperature rise is changed by d delta theta, the required energy is Cd delta theta, and C is the heat capacity of the transformer; the other part of energy is dissipated to the surrounding medium by the temperature difference between the transformer and the surrounding medium, the heat dissipated in the time dt is K delta theta dt, wherein K is the temperature difference between the transformer and the surrounding medium thereof is 1K, the heat dissipated in unit time has the following characteristics according to energy conservation
Pdt＝Cd△θ+K△θdt
In a steady state, the temperature of the transformer is not changed, Cd delta theta is equal to 0, delta theta is changed into a steady-state temperature rise delta theta, and a formula is changed into Pdt is equal to K delta theta dt, so that
P＝K△Θ
Substituting the above formula into the former formula, have
K△Θdt＝Cd△θ+K△θdt
Wherein T is a thermal time constant, and T ═ C/K(s)
The solution of formula is
Where Δ θ is the temperature rise over time at t, Δ θ 0 Is the temperature rise at time t-0, t being the time from the start of heating;
k in the preceding formula may be represented as
K ═ λ S, where λ is the heat dissipation coefficient of the transformer, S is the heat dissipation area of the transformer, C is expressed by C × m, C is the specific heat of the transformer material, m is the mass of the transformer, and
thermal time constant
In the above method for monitoring the temperature of the transformer oil, the step S2 is based on the premise that the total mass of the transformer oil is not changed before and after the temperature is changed, and the process of deriving the approximate simplified calculation formula of the average transformer oil temperature between two points is as follows:
there is a temperature change Δ T, a corresponding change in oil volume Δ V, i.e.:
T＝T 0 +△T，V＝V 0 +△V
according to the total mass of oil, there are
The volume expansion ratio of the transformer oil is 0.0007, namely: Δ V ═ 0.0007V 0 Delta T and is obtained by the preceding formula
The liquid pressure calculation formula is used for obtaining:
from the foregoing formula:
due to the fact that
g、△h、T 0 T is a function of a unique variable of delta P, wherein T is the oil temperature of the transformer oil at T ℃, and T is the temperature of the transformer oil at T DEG C 0 Is transformer oil t 0 The temperature of the oil at the temperature of DEG C,
is the density of the transformer oil at T deg.C, the temperature rise of the transformer oil at delta T, delta V is the volume change of the transformer oil, h is the total depth of the transformer oil at T deg.C, h is 1 Is the depth of the first measuring point from the bottom of the oil tank, h 2 Is the depth of the second measuring point from the bottom of the oil tank, Δ h is the height difference between the two measuring points, p 1 Is the first measurement point of the oil pressure, p 2 Is the second measurement point oil pressure, g is the acceleration of gravity.
In the above method for monitoring the temperature of the transformer oil, in step S3, the collected signals are transmitted to the central processing unit through the communication system, and the central processing unit transmits the information to an external computer for real-time display.
In the above-mentioned transformer oil temperature monitoring method, in order to obtain the overall distribution of the transformer oil temperature when the method is used, in step S2, it is necessary to set up as many measuring points on the wall of the oil tank as possible without interfering with other devices or components, measure the pressure difference between two adjacent points, and obtain a plurality of temperature data by a simplified calculation formula, thereby estimating the overall distribution of the transformer oil temperature.
In the transformer oil temperature monitoring method, two pressure transmitters, a precision resistor, an A/D converter, an MCU processing unit, a transmission circuit and a rear end monitoring interface are required to be used in the transformer oil temperature monitoring process, the two pressure transmitters are connected with the precision resistor, the precision resistor is electrically connected with the A/D converter, the output end of the A/D converter is connected with the MCU processing unit, and the MUC processing unit is connected with the rear end monitoring interface through the transmission circuit.
Compared with the prior art, the transformer oil temperature monitoring method has the advantages that:
1. the invention can measure the integral distribution condition of the oil temperature by generating current signals by two pressure transmitters with different heights arranged on the wall of the oil tank of the transformer, converting the current signals into voltage signals after passing through the precision resistor, sampling the voltage signals by using the converter, converting analog quantity voltage signals into digital quantity voltage signals and transmitting the digital quantity voltage signals to the central processing unit.
2. The invention is provided with more measuring points as much as possible, measures the pressure difference between two adjacent points, obtains a plurality of temperature data by simplifying a calculation formula, estimates the overall distribution condition of the transformer oil temperature according to the temperature data, considers the influence of no-load loss on the temperature of the transformer in the temperature measuring process and is beneficial to improving the overall measurement precision of the oil temperature.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a method step diagram of a transformer oil temperature monitoring method according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of relative temperature rise with different time constants of a method for monitoring transformer oil temperature according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a scatter distribution diagram of the transformer oil temperature monitoring method according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1-3, a method for monitoring the temperature of transformer oil comprises the following steps:
s1, primarily measuring the real-time oil temperature in the transformer oil tank through an oil temperature controller and a winding temperature controller which are arranged on the transformer;
s2, measuring the average oil temperature between two measuring points indirectly by measuring the oil pressure difference of the two measuring points with a certain height difference by using the characteristic that the density of the transformer oil changes along with the change of the temperature;
s3, generating current signals through two pressure transmitters with different heights arranged on the wall of the oil tank of the transformer, converting the current signals into voltage signals through a precision resistor, sampling the voltage signals by using a converter, converting analog voltage signals into digital voltage signals and transmitting the digital voltage signals to a central processing unit;
and S4, processing and resolving the two paths of digital quantity electric signals according to a basic mathematical relational expression by the central processing unit according to a pre-compiled processing program, and transmitting a resolving result to a monitoring program of a background upper computer through a transmission circuit to display in real time.
In step S1, the transformer has no internal space loss P when the power transformer is operating 0 And load loss P k The loss is converted into heat, part of the heat is used for improving the temperature of the winding, the iron core and the structural member, the winding and the iron core emit heat to the transformer oil, the temperature of the transformer oil is gradually improved, and then the heat is dissipated to the ambient air through the oil tank and the cooling device.
Further, the overall temperature rise characteristic of the transformer is analyzed as follows:
the no-load loss adopts the following calculation formula:
P 0 ＝K 0 GVp 0 in the formula P 0 No load loss (W); p is a radical of formula 0 The loss (W/Kg) of the silicon steel sheet per unit weight; k 0 Adding a coefficient for no-load loss;
the loss of the transformer in unit time is P, the energy generated in the time dt is Pdt, the temperature of the transformer is improved by a part of the energy, the temperature rise is changed by d delta theta, the required energy is Cd delta theta, and C is the heat capacity of the transformer; the other part of energy is dissipated to the surrounding medium by the temperature difference between the transformer and the surrounding medium, the heat dissipated in the time dt is K delta theta dt, wherein K is the temperature difference between the transformer and the surrounding medium thereof is 1K, the heat dissipated in unit time has the following characteristics according to energy conservation
Pdt＝Cd△θ+K△θdt
In a steady state, the temperature of the transformer is not changed, Cd delta theta is equal to 0, delta theta is changed into a steady-state temperature rise delta theta, and a formula is changed into Pdt is equal to K delta theta dt, so that
P＝K△Θ
Substituting the above formula into the former formula, have
K△Θdt＝Cd△θ+K△θdt
Wherein T is a thermal time constant, and T ═ C/K(s)
The solution of formula is
Where Δ θ is the temperature rise over time at t, Δ θ 0 Is the temperature rise at time t-0, t being the time from the start of heating;
k in the preceding formula may be represented as
K ═ λ S, where λ is the heat dissipation coefficient of the transformer, S is the heat dissipation area of the transformer, C is expressed by C × m, C is the specific heat of the transformer material, m is the mass of the transformer, and
thermal time constant
Referring to FIG. 2, the relative temperature rise at different time constants can be seen, indicating that the transformer isOverall heat generation and dissipation, and a temperature rise characteristic curve.
In step S2, on the premise that the total mass of the transformer oil is not changed before and after the temperature changes, the process of deriving the approximate simplified calculation formula of the average transformer oil temperature between two points is as follows:
there is a temperature change Δ T, a corresponding change in oil volume Δ V, i.e.:
T＝T 0 +△T，V＝V 0 +△V
according to the total mass of oil, there are
The volume expansion ratio of the transformer oil is 0.0007, namely: Δ V ═ 0.0007V 0 Δ T and is obtained by the preceding formula
The liquid pressure calculation formula is used for obtaining:
from the foregoing formula:
due to the fact that
g、△h、T 0 T is a function of a unique variable of delta P, wherein T is the oil temperature of the transformer oil at T ℃, and T is the temperature of the transformer oil at T DEG C 0 Is transformer oil t 0 The oil temperature at the time of the DEG C,
is the density of the transformer oil at t DEG CTemperature rise of transformer oil at delta T, delta V is volume variation of transformer oil, h is total depth of transformer oil at T ℃, and h is total depth of transformer oil at T DEG C 1 Is the depth of the first measuring point from the bottom of the oil tank, h 2 Is the depth of the second measuring point from the bottom of the oil tank, Δ h is the height difference between the two measuring points, p 1 Is the first measurement point of the oil pressure, p 2 Is the second measurement point oil pressure, g is the acceleration of gravity.
In a specific embodiment, referring to fig. 3, assuming that the transformer oil density at 20 ℃ is taken as a calculation reference point, and T is generally within the temperature range of (-30,95), an approximate linear calculation formula obtained through fitting calculation is: t ═ 0.17 Δ p + 1474.
Further, in order to obtain the overall distribution of the transformer oil temperature in the use of step S2, it is necessary to set as many measuring points as possible on the wall of the oil tank without interfering with other devices or components, measure the pressure difference between two adjacent points, and obtain a plurality of temperature data by simplifying the calculation formula, thereby estimating the overall distribution of the transformer oil temperature.
In step S3, the collected signals are transmitted to the central processing unit through the communication system, and the central processing unit transmits the information to an external computer for real-time display.
Specifically, two pressure transmitters, a precision resistor, an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter, an MCU (micro control unit) processing unit, a transmission circuit and a rear-end monitoring interface are required to be used in the transformer oil temperature monitoring process, the two pressure transmitters are connected with the precision resistor, the precision resistor is electrically connected with the A/D converter, the output end of the A/D converter is connected with the MCU processing unit, and the MUC processing unit is connected with the rear-end monitoring interface through the transmission circuit.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A transformer oil temperature monitoring method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, primarily measuring the real-time oil temperature in the transformer oil tank through an oil temperature controller and a winding temperature controller which are arranged on the transformer;
s2, measuring the average oil temperature between two measuring points indirectly by measuring the oil pressure difference of the two measuring points with a certain height difference by using the characteristic that the density of the transformer oil changes along with the change of the temperature;
s3, generating current signals through two pressure transmitters with different heights arranged on the wall of the oil tank of the transformer, converting the current signals into voltage signals through a precision resistor, sampling the voltage signals by using a converter, converting analog voltage signals into digital voltage signals and transmitting the digital voltage signals to a central processing unit;
s4, processing and resolving the two paths of digital quantity electric signals according to a basic mathematical relational expression by the central processing unit according to a pre-compiled processing program, and transmitting a resolving result to a background upper computer monitoring program through a transmission circuit for real-time display;
in step S1, when the power transformer is operating, there is no load loss P in the transformer 0 And load loss P k The loss is converted into heat, one part of the heat is used for increasing the temperature of the winding, the iron core and the structural member, the winding and the iron core emit heat to the transformer oil, so that the temperature of the transformer oil is gradually increased, and then the ambient air is radiated through the oil tank and the cooling device;
on the premise that the total mass of the transformer oil is not changed before and after the temperature is changed in step S2,
the process of deriving an approximate simplified calculation formula of the average transformer oil temperature between two points is as follows:
provided with a temperature change Δ T, a corresponding change in oil volume Δ V, i.e.:
T＝T 0 +ΔT，V＝V 0 +ΔV
according to the total mass of oil, there are
Volume expansion rate of transformer oilIs 0.0007, i.e.: Δ V ═ 0.0007V 0 Δ T, and is obtained by the preceding formula
The liquid pressure calculation formula is used for obtaining:
from the foregoing formula:
due to the fact that
g、Δh、T 0 All are known quantities, and T is a function of the only variable of delta P, wherein T is the oil temperature of the transformer oil at T ℃, and T is the temperature of the transformer oil at T DEG C 0 Is transformer oil t 0 The oil temperature at the time of the DEG C,
is the density of the transformer oil at T ℃, the temperature rise of the transformer oil at delta T, delta V is the volume change of the transformer oil, h is the total depth of the transformer oil at T ℃, h 1 Is the depth of the first measuring point from the bottom of the oil tank, h 2 Is the depth of the second measuring point from the bottom of the fuel tank, Δ h is the height difference between the two measuring points, p 1 Is the first measurement point of the oil pressure, p 2 The second measure is the oil pressure, g is the gravitational acceleration.
2. The method for monitoring the temperature of the transformer oil according to claim 1, wherein the analysis of the overall temperature rise characteristic of the transformer is as follows:
the no-load loss adopts the following calculation formula:
P 0 ＝K 0 GVp 0 in the formula P 0 No load loss (W); p is a radical of 0 The loss (W/Kg) of the silicon steel sheet per unit weight; k 0 Adding a coefficient for no-load loss;
the loss of the transformer in unit time is P, the energy generated in the time dt is Pdt, the temperature of the transformer is improved by part of the energy, the temperature rise is changed by d delta theta, the required energy is Cd delta theta, and C is the heat capacity of the transformer; the other part of energy is dissipated to the surrounding medium by the temperature difference between the transformer and the surrounding medium, the heat dissipated in the time dt is K delta theta dt, wherein K is the temperature difference between the transformer and the surrounding medium of 1K, the heat dissipated in unit time has the following characteristics according to energy conservation
Pdt＝CdΔθ+KΔθdt
In a steady state, the temperature of the transformer is not changed, Cd Δ θ is 0, Δ θ is changed into a steady-state temperature rise Δ Θ, and the formula is changed into Pdt K Δ Θ dt, so that
P＝KΔΘ
Substituting the above formula into the former formula, have
KΔΘdt＝CdΔθ+KΔθdt
Wherein T is a thermal time constant, and T ═ C/K(s)
The solution of formula is
Where Δ θ is the temperature rise over time at t, Δ θ 0 Is the temperature rise at time t-0, t being the time from the start of heating;
k in the preceding formula may be represented as
Where λ is the heat dissipation coefficient of the transformer, S is the heat dissipation area of the transformer, C is C × m, C is the specific heat of the transformer material, and m is the transformation voltageMass of the device, from
Thermal time constant
3. The method for monitoring the temperature of the transformer oil according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the collected signals are transmitted to the central processing unit through a communication system, and the central processing unit transmits the information to an external computer for real-time display.
4. The method for monitoring the temperature of transformer oil according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, in order to obtain the total distribution of the transformer oil temperature, the total distribution of the transformer oil temperature is estimated by measuring the pressure difference between two adjacent points on the tank wall without interfering with other devices or components, and obtaining a plurality of temperature data through a simplified calculation formula.
5. The method for monitoring the temperature of the transformer oil according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein two pressure transmitters, a precision resistor, an A/D converter, an MCU processing unit, a transmission circuit and a rear end monitoring interface are used in the process of monitoring the temperature of the transformer oil, the two pressure transmitters are connected with the precision resistor, the precision resistor is electrically connected with the A/D converter, the output end of the A/D converter is connected with the MCU processing unit, and the MUC processing unit is connected with the rear end monitoring interface through the transmission circuit.
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| CN106872059A (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2017-06-20 | 山东电力设备有限公司 | A kind of oil-filled transformer measurement device of oil tempera and measuring method |
| CN108920774A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-11-30 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of oil-immersed transformer monitoring internal temperature method |
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2022
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