CN114769772B - Vacuum brazing method for improving strength of GH3536/GH4738 alloy joint - Google Patents
Vacuum brazing method for improving strength of GH3536/GH4738 alloy joint Download PDFInfo
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- CN114769772B CN114769772B CN202210320503.1A CN202210320503A CN114769772B CN 114769772 B CN114769772 B CN 114769772B CN 202210320503 A CN202210320503 A CN 202210320503A CN 114769772 B CN114769772 B CN 114769772B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/008—Soldering within a furnace
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3033—Ni as the principal constituent
- B23K35/304—Ni as the principal constituent with Cr as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-temperature alloy welding, and relates to a vacuum brazing method for improving the strength of a GH3536/GH4738 alloy joint, which comprises the following steps: 1) Preparing and cleaning the alloy to be welded; 2) Positioning in an assembling way, and setting the joint gap size to be in the range of 30-50 mu m; 3) Coating nickel-based brazing filler metal with the melting point of 980-1000 ℃; 4) Vacuum brazing: and placing the prepared assembly to be soldered in a vacuum soldering furnace, and carrying out vacuum soldering at 1020-1040 ℃ for 8-15 min. The vacuum brazing method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simple and reasonable process, uniform weld joint structure after welding, few alloy corrosion defects and unexpected effect in the aspect of improving the joint strength. After the vacuum brazing method is adopted for processing, the high-temperature strength value of the joint is improved by 65% on the basis of the original process, and the technical problem that the GH3536/GH4738 brazing assembly cannot meet the long-term stable service under the high-temperature condition is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-temperature alloy welding, and particularly relates to a vacuum brazing method for improving joint strength of GH3536/GH4738 alloy.
Background
Aeroengines, also known as "industrial flowers", are a highly complex and precise thermodynamic machine, and are also an important impetus for promoting the development of the aeronautics industry. Superalloys are distinguished from many materials by their excellent high temperature strength and structural stability and are used in large amounts in engines. The nickel-based deformation superalloy has high strength and good plasticity, can be processed into components with complex structures, and has irreplaceable importance in the superalloy field.
The nickel-based deformed superalloy has more brands and different brands of alloys, and the characteristics and the performances of the nickel-based deformed superalloy are different. In order to take account of the advantages of different alloys, the high-temperature alloy parts are sometimes connected by welding different brands of alloys in the production process. The fusion welding methods such as arc welding, electron beam welding, laser welding and the like are common welding processes of nickel-based deformed superalloy, but alloy at a welding line part is melted and recrystallized during fusion welding, so that the structural uniformity of base metal alloy is damaged, the fusion welding temperature is high, and the thermal stress value after the fusion welding is large. The vacuum brazing is realized by forming a welding line by using melted brazing filler metal under the vacuum condition, the welding temperature is relatively low, the influence on the microstructure of the base metal alloy is small, the surface quality of the welded alloy is high, and the method has good development and application prospects.
GH3536 and GH4738 are typical common nickel-based deformation superalloy, wherein the former has outstanding cold and hot forming performance, and excellent high-temperature strength is obtained mainly through solid solution strengthening of Cr, mo and other elements; the toughness of the latter is well matched, and is mainly strengthened by gamma' phase precipitation. The engine of a certain model is connected with the two alloys by a vacuum brazing method in the production process, and the current technology has the technical problems of low strength value of the welded joint and short service life of the brazing component. Although there have been many studies on nickel-base superalloy vacuum brazing, the reference for solving the current problem is not significant. For example, patent (CN 103624353B) proposes a vacuum brazing method for DD5 single crystal nickel-based superalloys, which has a narrow application range. Patent (CN 110394522B) proposes a deformed nickel-base alloy and cast Ni 3 The brazing process of the Al-based alloy has the advantages of uniform joint components after welding and low residual stress value, but the method has higher brazing heat preservation temperature and is not suitable for the current alloy system. Therefore, the vacuum brazing process of GH3536 and GH4738 alloys is researched, and high-strength and high-reliability connection between the two alloys is realized, so that on one hand, the bottleneck of the current manufacturing process can be broken through, and on the other hand, a theoretical basis can be provided for high-quality connection of complex high-temperature alloy components, and the method has high practical value.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the current technology, the invention realizes high-strength connection between GH3536 and GH4738 alloy by optimizing the key technological parameters of vacuum brazing. The method is a connection method with low cost and easy operation without adding additional new equipment on the basis of the original equipment.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a vacuum brazing method for improving the strength of a GH3536/GH4738 alloy joint is carried out according to the following steps:
step 1, preparing before welding: processing GH3536 and GH4738 alloy to be welded into required size, and then carrying out surface treatment on the alloy;
step 2, assembling and positioning: assembling and positioning the alloy to be welded on a clamp by using an energy storage spot welding method, wherein the gap value of a braze welding joint is controlled by the thickness value of a nickel sheet clamped between the alloy to be welded, and the specific gap size is 30-50 mu m;
step 3, presetting solder: coating paste solder around the weld joint by using an applicator, wherein the solder is used in an amount sufficient to fill the joint gap; the paste solder is prepared by mixing nickel-based powder solder with the melting point of 980-1000 ℃ with a binder;
step 4, vacuum brazing: placing the prepared assembly to be soldered into a vacuum soldering furnace, and vacuumizing to 10 -3 Pa or less; heating the assembly to 500-600deg.C at a rate of 5-20deg.C/min, and maintaining the temperature for 20-30min; heating to 800-900 deg.C at a rate of 5-15 deg.C/min, and maintaining the temperature for 20-30min; heating to 1020-1040 ℃ at a speed of 5-15 ℃/min, and carrying out vacuum brazing at a temperature of 8-15 min; and (3) slowly cooling to 950 ℃ along with a furnace, filling high-purity argon into the furnace, rapidly cooling the assembly to below 100 ℃, and discharging the assembly.
Further, the specific method for performing surface treatment on the alloy in the step 1 is as follows: and (3) polishing the surface of the alloy to be welded by using 400# abrasive paper, 800# abrasive paper and 1200# abrasive paper in sequence, removing surface oxide skin and exposing an alloy matrix, and then cleaning the alloy by using alcohol and drying to remove greasy dirt and other dirt.
Further, the granularity of the nickel-based powdery brazing filler metal in the step 3 is 200-300 meshes; the composition of the composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: b:2.75-3.5%, si:4-5%, cr:6-8%, fe:2.5-3.5%, ni: the balance.
Further, the pressure of the high-purity argon filled in the step 4 is 1-2bar.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the invention, the nickel sheet with a certain thickness is clamped between the alloys to be welded to form a sandwich structure, the gap value of the joint is precisely controlled within the range of 30-50 mu m by changing the thickness of the nickel sheet, the brazing filler metal and the base metal can be well wetted, and meanwhile, precipitation of brittle harmful phases such as boride and the like at the central position of the welding line when the gap value is overlarge is avoided, so that the nickel sheet has unexpected effect in improving the joint strength.
(2) According to the invention, on the basis of using nickel-based brazing filler metal with the melting point of 980-1000 ℃, the brazing heat preservation temperature is 1020-1040 ℃, and the brazing heat preservation time is 8-15 min.
(3) The method has the advantages of simple process and low cost, and has remarkable welding effect on GH3536 and GH4738 alloy. After the process is adopted, the average value of the high-temperature tensile strength of the joint at 730 ℃ can reach 435MPa, which is improved by more than 60% compared with the process before the process is optimized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of temperature versus time control during vacuum brazing of GH3536 and GH4738 superalloys in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a photograph of the microstructure of a braze joint of example 1.
Fig. 3 is a photograph of the microstructure of the braze joint of comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a novel vacuum brazing method for improving the joint strength of GH3536/GH4738 alloy, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) Preparation before welding: the GH3536 and GH4738 alloys to be welded are processed to the desired dimensions and then the alloys are surface treated.
The specific method for the surface treatment in the step is as follows: and (3) polishing the surface of the alloy to be welded by using 400# abrasive paper, 800# abrasive paper and 1200# abrasive paper in sequence, removing surface oxide skin and exposing an alloy matrix, and then cleaning the alloy by using alcohol and drying to remove greasy dirt and other dirt.
(2) And (3) assembly positioning: and (3) assembling and positioning the alloy to be welded on a clamp by using an energy storage spot welding method, wherein the gap value of the soldered joint is controlled by the thickness value of a nickel sheet clamped between the alloy to be welded, and the specific gap size is 30-50 mu m.
Since brazing is to utilize capillary action to enable molten brazing filler metal to flow into joint gaps, correct selection of gap values is a key to determining weld compactness. Too small gaps can cause difficult filling of the brazing filler metal, and reduce the compactness of welding seams and the strength value of joints; too large a gap can disrupt the capillary action of the gap and adversely affect the filling of the joint with solder. In addition, when the joint gap is large, brittle and harmful phases such as boride are easily generated inside the joint. The step accurately controls the gap value of the joint to be in the range of 30-50 mu m, and the brazing filler metal and the base metal can be well wetted, so that uniform solid solution tissues are generated in the welding line, precipitation of brittle phases is avoided, and the joint strength is improved.
(3) Presetting solder: coating paste solder around the weld joint by using an applicator, wherein the solder is used in an amount sufficient to fill the joint gap; the paste solder is prepared by mixing nickel-based powder solder with the melting point of 980-1000 ℃ and a binder.
The granularity of the nickel-based powdery brazing filler metal in the step is 200-300 meshes; the composition of the composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: b:2.75-3.5%, si:4-5%, cr:6-8%, fe:2.5-3.5%, ni: the balance.
(4) Vacuum brazing: placing the prepared assembly to be soldered into a vacuum soldering furnace, and vacuumizing to 10 -3 Pa or less; heating the assembly to 500-600deg.C at a rate of 5-20deg.C/min, and maintaining the temperature for 20-30min; heating to 800-900 deg.C at a rate of 5-15 deg.C/min, and maintaining the temperature for 20-30min; heating to 1020-1040 ℃ at a speed of 5-15 ℃/min, and carrying out vacuum brazing at a temperature of 8-15 min; and (3) slowly cooling to 950 ℃, charging 1-2bar of high-purity argon into the furnace, rapidly cooling the assembly to below 100 ℃, and discharging.
According to the method, the brazing temperature and the heat preservation time are optimized, so that the diffusion of Si, B and other melting-reducing elements in the brazing filler metal to the base metal alloy is effectively inhibited, the corrosion of the alloy is reduced, and the weld joint bonding strength is improved.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. The nickel-based powder solder used in the examples had a particle size of 250 mesh and the composition is shown in table 1 below; the alloy samples used in the examples and comparative examples were all of the dimensions
The welding surface is a round end surface.
Table 1 nickel-based powdered braze composition (wt.%)
| Composition of the components | B | Si | Cr | Fe | Ni |
| Content of | 2.9 | 4.6 | 7.1 | 2.8 | Allowance of |
Example 1
Step 1: sequentially polishing the surface of the alloy to be welded by using 400# abrasive paper, 800# abrasive paper and 1200# abrasive paper, removing surface oxide skin and exposing an alloy matrix, then cleaning the alloy by using alcohol, and drying to remove greasy dirt and other dirt;
step 2: assembling and positioning the alloy to be welded on a clamp by using an energy storage spot welding method, wherein the gap value of a soldered joint is 50 mu m;
step 3: coating paste solder formed by mixing nickel-based powder solder and binder around the welding seam by using an applicator, wherein the amount of the solder is enough to fill up joint gaps;
step 4: placing the prepared assembly to be solderedVacuum-pumping to 10 in vacuum brazing furnace -3 Pa or less; heating the assembly to 600 ℃ at a speed of 15 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 25min; heating to 850 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 25min; then heating to 1030 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min, and carrying out vacuum brazing after heat preservation for 10 min; slowly cooling to 950 ℃, charging 1.5bar high-purity argon into the furnace, rapidly cooling the assembly to below 100 ℃, and discharging.
Fig. 2 shows the microstructure morphology of the joint after the vacuum brazing process treatment, and it can be seen that the internal structure of the weld consists of a uniformly distributed solid solution.
Example 2
Step 1: sequentially polishing the surface of the alloy to be welded by using 400# abrasive paper, 800# abrasive paper and 1200# abrasive paper, removing surface oxide skin and exposing an alloy matrix, then cleaning the alloy by using alcohol, and drying to remove greasy dirt and other dirt;
step 2: assembling and positioning the alloy to be welded on a clamp by using an energy storage spot welding method, wherein the gap value of a soldered joint is 40 mu m;
step 3: coating paste solder formed by mixing nickel-based powder solder and binder around the welding seam by using an applicator, wherein the amount of the solder is enough to fill up joint gaps;
step 4: placing the prepared assembly to be soldered into a vacuum soldering furnace, and vacuumizing to 10 -3 Pa or less; heating the assembly to 550 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 20min; heating to 900 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 30min; heating to 1035 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and carrying out vacuum brazing after heat preservation for 12 min; and (3) slowly cooling to 950 ℃, charging 1bar of high-purity argon into the furnace, rapidly cooling the assembly to below 100 ℃, and discharging.
Comparative example 1
Step 1: sequentially polishing the surface of the alloy to be welded by using 400# abrasive paper, 800# abrasive paper and 1200# abrasive paper, removing surface oxide skin and exposing an alloy matrix, then cleaning the alloy by using alcohol, and drying to remove greasy dirt and other dirt;
step 2: and (3) sandwiching foil-shaped nickel-based brazing filler metal with the melting point of 975 ℃ between the alloys to be welded, and fixing the alloys by using an energy storage spot welding method. The gap value of the soldered joint is 100 mu m, and is controlled by the thickness value of the foil-shaped solder;
step 3: placing the prepared assembly to be soldered into a vacuum soldering furnace, and vacuumizing to 10 -3 Pa or less; heating the assembly to 600 ℃ at a speed of 15 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 25min; heating to 900 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 25min; heating to 1045 ℃ at a speed of 8 ℃/min, and carrying out vacuum brazing after 10min of heat preservation; and (3) slowly cooling to 950 ℃, charging 1bar of high-purity argon into the furnace, rapidly cooling the assembly to below 100 ℃, and discharging.
FIG. 3 shows the microstructure morphology of the joint after the vacuum brazing process, and it can be seen that the brittle phase with a large area exists in the central region of the weld in addition to the solid solution tissue inside the weld.
Performance detection
The samples of example 1 and comparative example 1 subjected to vacuum brazing were subjected to high temperature tensile test at 540 c, and the tensile strength test results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 tensile Strength test results at 540 ℃ for braze joints
| Sample of | Tensile strength/MPa | Mean value/MPa |
| Example 1 | 428、419、415、439、452、449、437、443 | 435 |
| Comparative example 1 | 285、266、257、238、263、293、242、258 | 263 |
The test result shows that after the vacuum brazing process is adopted, the average value of the high-temperature tensile strength of the joint can reach 435MPa, which is improved by 65% compared with the strength value obtained by the original process, and the technical problem of low strength value of the brazing joint in the actual production process is solved.
In addition to the implementations described above, other implementations of the invention are possible. All technical schemes adopting equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation form fall within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A vacuum brazing method for improving the strength of a GH3536/GH4738 alloy joint, comprising the steps of:
step 1, preparing before welding: processing GH3536 and GH4738 alloy to be welded into required size, and then carrying out surface treatment on the alloy;
step 2, assembling and positioning: assembling and positioning the alloy to be welded on a clamp by using an energy storage spot welding method, wherein the gap value of a braze welding joint is controlled by the thickness value of a nickel sheet clamped between the alloy to be welded, and the specific gap size is 30-50 mu m;
step 3, presetting solder: coating paste solder around the weld joint by using an applicator, wherein the solder is used in an amount sufficient to fill the joint gap; the paste solder is prepared by mixing nickel-based powder solder with the melting point of 980-1000 ℃ with a binder;
step 4, vacuum brazing: placing the prepared assembly to be soldered into a vacuum soldering furnace, and vacuumizing to 10 -3 Pa or less; heating the assembly to 500-600deg.C at a rate of 5-20deg.C/min, and maintaining the temperature for 20-30min; heating to 800-900 deg.C at a rate of 5-15 deg.C/min, and maintaining the temperature for 20-30min; heating to 1020-1040 ℃ at a speed of 5-15 ℃/min, and carrying out vacuum brazing at a temperature of 8-15 min; and (3) slowly cooling to 950 ℃ along with a furnace, filling high-purity argon into the furnace, rapidly cooling the assembly to below 100 ℃, and discharging the assembly.
2. The vacuum brazing method for improving the strength of the GH3536/GH4738 alloy joint according to claim 1, wherein the specific method for performing the surface treatment on the alloy in the step 1 is as follows: and (3) polishing the surface of the alloy to be welded by using 400# abrasive paper, 800# abrasive paper and 1200# abrasive paper in sequence, removing surface oxide skin and exposing an alloy matrix, and then cleaning the alloy by using alcohol and drying to remove greasy dirt and other dirt.
3. The vacuum brazing method for improving the strength of the GH3536/GH4738 alloy joint according to claim 1, wherein the nickel-based powdered brazing filler metal in the step 3 has a particle size of 200-300 meshes; the composition of the composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: b:2.75-3.5%, si:4-5%, cr:6-8%, fe:2.5-3.5%, ni: the balance.
4. The vacuum brazing method for improving the strength of the GH3536/GH4738 alloy joint according to claim 1, wherein the high-purity argon gas filled in the step 4 has a pressure of 1-2bar.
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| CN114833412B (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2024-05-24 | 中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司 | Brazing method of DD6 monocrystal and GH3536 alloy |
| CN115055773B (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-12-20 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | Brazing welding process for window of electric vacuum metal tube shell and welding tool thereof |
| CN116174830B (en) * | 2023-03-15 | 2023-10-10 | 上海齐耀动力技术有限公司 | Vacuum brazing method for improving brazing rate of pipe joint of superalloy heater |
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| ATE283936T1 (en) * | 2001-05-14 | 2004-12-15 | Alstom Technology Ltd | METHOD FOR ISOTHERMAL BRAZING OF SINGLE CRYSTALLINE OBJECTS |
| CH705321A1 (en) * | 2011-07-19 | 2013-01-31 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Solder foil for high-temperature soldering and method of repairing or manufacturing components using this solder film. |
| CN103624353B (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2016-02-10 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | A kind of method for welding of DD5 single crystal alloy |
| CN107617800A (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2018-01-23 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | A kind of instant liquid phase connecting method of nickel-base high-temperature single crystal alloy |
| CN109940309B (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2022-03-29 | 衢州学院 | Brazing filler metal composition, and method and welded article for welding nickel-based alloy |
| CN110394522B (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2021-02-26 | 河北工业大学 | Deformed nickel-based alloy and cast Ni3Brazing process of Al-based alloy |
| CN113684433B (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2022-04-15 | 北京科技大学 | Energy-saving and efficient heat treatment method for brazed GH4738 alloy part |
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