CN114737936A - Supercritical CO2Device and method for integrally developing medium-low maturity shale oil - Google Patents
Supercritical CO2Device and method for integrally developing medium-low maturity shale oil Download PDFInfo
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- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/164—Injecting CO2 or carbonated water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
- E21B43/2405—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection in association with fracturing or crevice forming processes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/2605—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures using gas or liquefied gas
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/70—Combining sequestration of CO2 and exploitation of hydrocarbons by injecting CO2 or carbonated water in oil wells
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for integrally developing medium and low maturity shale oil by supercritical CO2, belonging to the technical field of indoor physical simulation of oil and gas exploitation, and comprising a rock core holder, a liquid receiving tank, a displacement device, a handling device and a thermogravimetric analyzer; a heating and heat-preserving device is arranged outside the core holder; the liquid receiving tank is used for collecting fluid at the outlet of the rock core holder; the displacement device is used for respectively injecting formation water, shale oil and a propping agent into the core holder; the handling device comprises an injection device and a flowback device which are respectively communicated with the inlet of the core holder, the injection device is used for injecting the heated carbon dioxide, and the flowback device is used for carrying out gas-liquid separation on the flowback material and carrying out component analysis on the gas; the thermogravimetric analyzer was used to determine the pyrolysis of shale oil at different CO2 injection rates and at different ramp rates. The invention can be used for researching the high-temperature supercritical CO2 lightening and extraction mechanism of the shale oil with low maturity in continental facies.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of indoor physical simulation of oil and gas exploitation, and particularly relates to a device and a method for integrally developing medium and low mature shale oil by using supercritical CO 2.
Background
The continental shale oil is characterized in that the continental shale oil is buried more than 300 meters deep, has vitrinite reflectance (Ro value) more than 0.5 percent, contains petroleum hydrocarbon, asphalt and various organic matters which are not converted, and has the characteristics of coexistence of solid organic matters and liquid retained hydrocarbon in shale, and great resource conversion potential.
Shale oil with low maturity in continental facies of China (0.5%<Ro<1.0%) of the shale oil reservoir, the technology can be used for recovering and storing 700-900 hundred million tons of resources, and the shale oil reservoir with low or medium maturity in China has the following characteristics: the pore space and the throat of the reservoir are extremely small (micro-nano level); extremely low permeability (10)-4μm2～10-6μm2) (ii) a Burying the shale oil reservoir to a depth of 3000-5000 meters; reservoir physical property is poor, and seepage resistance is large; fourthly, the occurrence of complex forms (free state, adsorption state and dissolution state); the thermal evolution degree is low, wherein the unconverted organic matter accounts for 40-90 percent, and the retained hydrocarbon accounts for 5-60 percent. By adopting conventional development modes (water drive exploitation, exhaustion exploitation, chemical drive, gas drive and the like), the benefit development of the shale oil with medium and low maturity cannot be realized.
The existing research at home and abroad shows that the high-temperature supercritical CO is2The in-situ lightening and extracting technology is the leading-edge technology for the benefit development of middle and low maturity shale oil. The research in the field of China is still in the initial stage of indoor experiments and numerical simulation, the problems that the existing development technology has poor adaptability, the high-temperature gas-liquid-solid mutual feed mechanism is unclear, the development prediction method is inaccurate and the like exist, and a theory and a technical system applied to an oil field site are not formed. Existing shale oil supercritical CO2The huff and puff development research mainly considers the mechanisms of extraction, viscosity reduction, diffusion and the like, does not consider reservoir cracking, kerogen pyrolysis and retained hydrocarbon lightening, and cannot realize the high-temperature super-high temperature of the shale oilCritical CO2An accurate prediction of development. To realize high temperature supercritical CO2The industrial application of the lightening and extraction technology in the low-maturity shale oil in continental facies of China must develop the high-temperature supercritical CO of the low-maturity shale oil in continental facies2The light weight and extraction mechanism are studied.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a device and a method for developing medium and low mature shale oil by integrating supercritical CO2, and the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a medium and low maturity shale oil device for supercritical CO2 integrated development comprises a rock core holder, a liquid receiving tank, a displacement device, a handling device and a thermogravimetric analyzer; a heating and heat-preserving device is arranged outside the core holder, a core is placed in the core holder, and a pressure sensor is arranged in the core holder and used for measuring the pressure of the core; the liquid receiving tank is used for collecting fluid at the outlet of the rock core holder; the displacement device is communicated with an inlet of the core holder and is used for respectively injecting formation water, shale oil and a propping agent into the core holder; the handling device comprises an injection device and a flowback device which are respectively communicated with an inlet of the core holder, the injection device is used for injecting heated carbon dioxide into the core holder, and the flowback device is used for carrying out gas-liquid separation on materials which flow back from the core holder and carrying out component analysis on the gas; the thermogravimetric analyzer was used to determine the pyrolysis of shale oil at different CO2 injection rates and at different ramp rates.
As a specific implementation manner of the invention, the displacement device comprises a liquid storage tank, a displacement pump and three intermediate containers which are connected in sequence, wherein the three intermediate containers are respectively filled with formation water, shale oil and a propping agent, and the three intermediate containers are arranged in parallel and are respectively connected with the inlet of the core holder.
As a specific embodiment of the invention, the injection device comprises a CO2 gas cylinder, a gas booster and a gas heater which are sequentially connected, and the gas heater is connected with the inlet of the core holder.
As a specific embodiment of the invention, the flow-back device comprises a gas-liquid separator and a gas-phase mass spectrometer which are connected in sequence, and the gas-liquid separator is connected with the inlet of the core holder.
The use method of the device comprises the following steps:
s1, injecting high-temperature CO2 into the core holder by using an injection device in the handling device to perform shale fracturing; then, injecting a propping agent into the rock core holder by using a displacement device to establish an irregular artificial fracture network;
s2, injecting formation water into the core holder by using a displacement device, and saturating the core with the formation water;
s3, injecting shale oil into the core holder by using a displacement device, and carrying out shale oil saturation on the core;
s4, closing a liquid outlet of the core holder, and injecting high-temperature supercritical CO2 fluid into the core holder by using an injection device in the handling device;
s5, closing the injection device until the system pressure is stable, separating shale oil and gas from the flow-back material in the core holder by using the flow-back device, and measuring the gas;
s6, determining the pyrolysis conditions of the raw material shale oil and the flowback shale oil in the core clamping at different CO2 injection rates and different heating rates by using a thermogravimetric analyzer;
and S7, performing comprehensive analysis on the shale oil high-temperature supercritical CO2 throughput by using the measured data.
Has the advantages that: the invention can perform high-temperature supercritical CO2The fracturing-huff and puff integrated experiment can develop the high-temperature supercritical CO of the shale oil with low maturity in continental phase2The light weight and the extraction mechanism.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a low maturity shale oil unit in supercritical CO2 integrated development;
FIG. 2 is a graph of pyrolysis TG of low maturity shale oil;
FIG. 3 is a DTG graph of low maturity shale oil pyrolysis;
FIG. 4 plot of Allen Raoux curves at different conversions;
in the figure: 1. a constant flow displacement pump; 2. a liquid storage tank; 3. a CO2 gas cylinder; 4. a gas booster; 5. a gas heater; 6. formation water; 7. shale oil; 8. a proppant; 9. a needle valve; 10. a throughput device; 11. a heating and heat-preserving device; 12. a core holder; 13. a pressure acquisition device; 14. a liquid receiving tank; 15. a gas-liquid separator; 16. a gas phase mass spectrometer; 17. a pressure regulator; 18. a pointer pressure gauge; 19. a thermogravimetric analyzer; 20. and (4) a computer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The use of "including" or "comprising" and the like in this disclosure is intended to mean that the elements or items listed before that word, and equivalents thereof, are included without exclusion of other elements or items. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described is changed, the relative positional relationships may also be changed accordingly.
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
A medium and low maturity shale oil device for supercritical CO2 integrated development comprises a rock core holder 12, a liquid receiving tank 14, a displacement device, a throughput device and a thermogravimetric analyzer; a heating and heat-preserving device 11 is arranged outside the core holder 12, a core (not shown in the figure) is placed in the core holder 12, and a pressure sensor 13 is arranged for measuring the pressure of the core; the liquid receiving groove 14 is connected with the outlet of the core holder 12 and is used for collecting the fluid at the outlet of the core holder 12; the displacement device is communicated with an inlet of the core holder 12 and is used for respectively injecting formation water 6, shale oil 7 and propping agent 8 into the core holder 12; the handling device comprises an injection device and a flowback device which are respectively communicated with an inlet of the core holder 12, the injection device is used for injecting heated carbon dioxide into the core holder 12, and the flowback device is used for carrying out gas-liquid separation on the flowback materials in the core holder 12 and carrying out component analysis on the gas; the thermogravimetric analyzer 19 was used to determine the pyrolysis of shale oil at different CO2 injection rates and at different ramp rates.
Specifically, the displacement device comprises a liquid storage tank 2, a constant-flow displacement pump 1 and three intermediate containers which are sequentially connected, wherein the three intermediate containers are respectively filled with formation water 6, shale oil 7 and a propping agent 8, the three intermediate containers are arranged in parallel and are respectively connected with inlets of a rock core holder 12, and an inlet and an outlet of each intermediate container are respectively provided with a needle valve 9. The injection device comprises a CO2 gas cylinder 17, a gas booster 4 and a gas heater 5 which are sequentially connected, wherein the gas heater 5 is connected with the inlet of the core holder 12. The flow-back device comprises a gas-liquid separator 15 and a gas-phase mass spectrometer 16 which are sequentially connected, the gas-liquid separator 15 is connected with an inlet of the core holder 12, and the gas-phase mass spectrometer 16 is used for measuring gas-phase composition in the gas-liquid separator 15. CO22The gas cylinder 17 is also connected with a pressure regulator 17, and a pilot pressure gauge 18 and a thermogravimetric analyzer 19 are also connected behind the pressure regulator 17 and used for controlling the input of CO2 into the thermogravimetric analyzer so as to simulate the pyrolysis condition of shale oil under the condition of the existence/absence of CO 2. The gas mass spectrometer 16, the thermogravimetric analyzer 19 and the computer 20 are used for carrying out high-temperature supercritical CO2 throughput comprehensive analysis by using the collected data.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: firstly, the reservoir forms a complex gap net structure by the high-pressure proppant and the high-temperature fracturing action, and the convection of a heat-carrying medium is facilitated. Secondly, the heat-carrying medium is contacted with the oil reservoir, and the carried heat is conducted to the shale oil through the matrix, so that the long-distance transmission of the heat is realized. Supercritical CO at high temperature of last kerogen2Atmospheric pyrolysis, conversion of retained hydrocarbons to lighter products, extraction of modified oils (pyrolysis oils, light oils), and the like. To investigate kerogenHigh temperature pyrolysis characteristics, and the pyrolysis experiment of kerogen was performed in parallel.
High temperature supercritical CO of shale oil2The fracturing-huff and puff integrated experimental device comprises the following use steps:
s1, injecting high-temperature CO2 into the core holder by using an injection device in the handling device to perform shale fracturing; then, injecting a propping agent into the rock core holder by using a displacement device to establish an irregular artificial fracture network;
s2, injecting formation water into the core holder by using a displacement device, and saturating the core with the formation water;
s3, injecting shale oil into the core holder by using a displacement device, and saturating the core with shale oil;
s4, closing a liquid outlet of the core holder, and injecting high-temperature supercritical CO2 fluid into the core holder by using an injection device in the handling device;
s5, closing the injection device until the system pressure is stable, separating shale oil and gas from the flow-back material in the core holder by using the flow-back device, and measuring the gas;
s6, determining the pyrolysis conditions of the raw material shale oil and the flowback shale oil in the core clamping under different CO2 injection rates and different heating rates by using a thermogravimetric analyzer, and obtaining a pyrolysis weight loss curve shown in figure 3 and a pyrolysis weight loss curve shown in figure 4.
And S7, importing the data acquired by the experiment into a computer, and carrying out comprehensive analysis on the shale oil high-temperature supercritical CO2 throughput.
Comprehensive analysis of shale oil high-temperature supercritical CO2 throughput includes shale oil throughput process analysis and shale oil pyrolysis characteristic analysis.
The shale oil huff-puff process analysis mainly comprises rock fracturing effect, high-temperature supercritical CO2 huff-puff oil production rule, high-temperature supercritical CO2 atmosphere pyrolysis, lightening, modification and other rules of kerogen in the shale oil with medium and low maturity.
The analysis of the pyrolysis characteristics of the shale oil mainly comprises the aspects of temperature range division of three stages of shale oil weightlessness, temperature marks corresponding to maximum weightlessness rate, maximum weightlessness temperature drift rules under different heating rates, calculation of shale oil pyrolysis kinetic parameters and the like, wherein the calculation method of the shale oil pyrolysis kinetic parameters is as follows:
the method for calculating the pyrolysis kinetic parameters is based on two assumptions, wherein (1) the pyrolysis process consists of a plurality of independent irreversible reactions, and the reaction stages of the reactions are all 1; (2) the apparent activation energy is a continuous function of temperature, and each reaction has a certain apparent activation energy value.
Based on these assumptions, the mass loss process at a certain stage in the pyrolysis process can be described as formula (1),
in the formula: w is at-sample mass at time t (mg); w is a0-initial sample mass (mg); w is at/(w0-w∞) -the conversion rate α; k is a radical of0-reaction frequency factor(s)-1). Beta-rate of temperature rise (. degree.C/min). Ea-apparent activation energy (kJ/mol). R-ideal gas constant (8.314J/(mol. K)); t-sample temperature (K); f (Ea) -the apparent activation energy distribution function, here taken to be 1.
Equation (1) can be simplified to equation (2).
Wherein:
then, there are:
the latter term in equation 4 is a constant term, and the constant symbol a can be substituted for this:
the step of calculating kinetic parameters according to equation (4) mainly comprises:
and S1, determining weight loss curves at different heating rates beta through a thermogravimetric experiment.
S2, creating data according to each weight loss curve
The curves are shown in fig. 4.
S3 at
An Arrhenius straight line with the same conversion rate at different temperature rising rates is drawn on the curve, and the slope of the straight line is
From this value, Ea can be derived, and then k can be derived0。
From this, it was found that the apparent activation energies of shale oil at 300 deg.C, 400 deg.C and 500 deg.C were 89kJ/mol, 121kJ/mol and 260kJ/mol, respectively, and the reaction frequency factor was 4.2X 108s-1。
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (5)
1. A medium and low maturity shale oil device for supercritical CO2 integrated development is characterized by comprising a rock core holder, a liquid receiving tank, a displacement device, a handling device and a thermogravimetric analyzer; a heating and heat-preserving device is arranged outside the core holder, a core is placed in the core holder, and a pressure sensor is arranged in the core holder and used for measuring the pressure of the core; the liquid receiving tank is used for collecting fluid at the outlet of the rock core holder; the displacement device is communicated with an inlet of the core holder and is used for respectively injecting formation water, shale oil and a propping agent into the core holder; the handling device comprises an injection device and a flowback device which are respectively communicated with an inlet of the core holder, the injection device is used for injecting the heated carbon dioxide into the core holder, and the flowback device is used for carrying out gas-liquid separation on the flowback material in the core holder and carrying out component analysis on the gas; the thermogravimetric analyzer was used to determine the pyrolysis of shale oil at different CO2 injection rates and at different ramp rates.
2. The medium and low maturity shale oil device of supercritical CO2 integrated development of claim 1, wherein the displacement device comprises a liquid storage tank, a displacement pump and three intermediate containers which are connected in sequence, the three intermediate containers are respectively filled with formation water, shale oil and a propping agent, and the three intermediate containers are arranged in parallel and are respectively connected with an inlet of a core holder.
3. The medium-low maturity shale oil device in supercritical CO2 integrated development as claimed in claim 1, wherein the injection device comprises a CO2 gas cylinder, a gas booster and a gas heater which are connected in sequence, and the gas heater is connected with the inlet of the core holder.
4. The medium and low maturity shale oil device of supercritical CO2 integrated development of claim 1, wherein the flow back device comprises a gas-liquid separator and a gas-phase mass spectrometer which are connected in sequence, and the gas-liquid separator is connected with the inlet of the core holder.
5. A use method of a device for integrally developing medium and low maturity shale oil by supercritical CO2 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, injecting high-temperature CO2 into the core holder by using an injection device in the handling device to perform shale fracturing; then, injecting a propping agent into the rock core holder by using a displacement device to establish an irregular artificial fracture network;
s2, injecting formation water into the core holder by using a displacement device, and saturating the core with the formation water;
s3, injecting shale oil into the core holder by using a displacement device, and carrying out shale oil saturation on the core;
s4, closing a liquid outlet of the core holder, and injecting high-temperature supercritical CO2 fluid into the core holder by using an injection device in the handling device;
s5, closing the injection device until the system pressure is stable, separating shale oil and gas from the flow of the flow returned from the core holder by using the flow returning device, and measuring the gas;
s6, determining the pyrolysis conditions of the raw material shale oil and the flowback shale oil in the core clamping at different CO2 injection rates and different heating rates by using a thermogravimetric analyzer;
s7, carrying out comprehensive analysis on shale oil high-temperature supercritical CO2 throughput by using the measured data;
the comprehensive analysis comprises the steps of obtaining activation energy and frequency factors of the shale oil pyrolysis reaction;
the calculation formula of the shale oil pyrolysis activation energy and the reaction frequency factor is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
wherein beta is the temperature rise rate, T is the sample temperature, Ea is the apparent activation energy, R is the ideal gas constant, k0Is a reaction frequency factor, alpha is the pyrolysis conversion rate, and A is a constant;
the method for acquiring the shale oil pyrolysis activation energy and the reaction frequency factor comprises the following steps:
sub1, determining weight loss curves at different heating rates beta through a thermogravimetric experiment;
sub2, creation of data from weight loss curves
A curve;
sub3 in
An Arrhenius straight line with the same conversion rate at different temperature rising rates is drawn on the curve, and the slope of the straight line is
Obtaining Ea through the slope, the intercept of the straight line and the vertical axis is a constant A, and then obtaining k through a shale oil pyrolysis reaction frequency factor calculation formula0。
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