CN114737924B - Horizontal well staged fracturing coal gas extraction simulation device and use method - Google Patents
Horizontal well staged fracturing coal gas extraction simulation device and use method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114737924B CN114737924B CN202210414414.3A CN202210414414A CN114737924B CN 114737924 B CN114737924 B CN 114737924B CN 202210414414 A CN202210414414 A CN 202210414414A CN 114737924 B CN114737924 B CN 114737924B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/006—Production of coal-bed methane
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
Abstract
The invention relates to a horizontal well staged fracturing coal body gas extraction simulation device and a use method thereof, wherein the horizontal well staged fracturing coal body gas extraction simulation device is divided into a strong disturbance area, a weak disturbance area and an undisturbed area along the axial direction according to fracture distribution characteristics of a horizontal well staged hydraulic fracturing coal body, the strong disturbance area, the weak disturbance area and the undisturbed area are respectively corresponding to a through fracture coal rock sample, a micro fracture coal rock sample and an integral coal rock sample, and horizontal stress and vertical stress of the coal rock body in different partitions, radius of area ranges and fracture development degree data are determined through numerical simulation; accurate gas seepage simulation tests conforming to actual working conditions are realized by connecting the coal rock sample cavities in parallel, and gas extraction amounts of the coal rock layer under different hydraulic fracturing conditions are obtained, so that the method has important significance in guiding actual engineering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of coal mine hydraulic fracturing gas extraction, in particular to a horizontal well staged fracturing coal body gas extraction simulation device and a using method thereof.
Background
Coal mine gas is a large amount of gas generated by plants in the coal forming process, is also called coal bed gas and is stored in pores and cracks of a coal bed or a rock stratum; under the action of pressure, gas can be rapidly sprayed out of the cracks in a large quantity, so that gas spraying or gas outburst danger is caused, meanwhile, the gas is inflammable and explosive gas, and when the concentration of the gas reaches a certain range, gas explosion accidents are easy to generate, and the safety of a mine is threatened; therefore, before coal mining, gas is extracted in advance, and in order to improve the extraction amount, hydraulic fracturing is usually performed on a coal seam in advance, such as a common horizontal well staged fracturing technology, but the accuracy of the prediction of the gas extraction amount after horizontal well staged fracturing is insufficient in the prior art, and the influence of the horizontal well staged fracturing on the gas extraction amount due to different disturbance degrees of different areas is not considered.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a horizontal well staged fracturing coal gas extraction simulation device which mainly comprises a gas cylinder, a pressure gauge, a cavity for a coal rock sample, a pressure gauge, a flowmeter, a confining pressure pump, an axial pressure pump, a pneumatic pressure pump, a valve and data recording equipment;
the gas cylinder is respectively connected with three branch gas inlet pipes which are connected in parallel through a main gas inlet pipe, a first valve, a pressure gauge and a second valve are sequentially arranged on the main gas inlet pipe, one branch gas inlet pipe is connected with a gas inlet of the first cavity after being provided with the first pressure gauge and the third valve, the other branch gas inlet pipe is connected with a gas inlet of the second cavity after being provided with the second pressure gauge and the third valve, and the other branch gas inlet pipe is connected with a gas inlet of the third cavity after being provided with the third pressure gauge and the third valve; the outlet end of the pneumatic pump is respectively connected with three parallel branch air pipes through a main air outlet pipe, a fourth valve is arranged on the main air outlet pipe, a first flowmeter is arranged on one branch air pipe and is connected with the air outlet of the first cavity, a second flowmeter is arranged on the other branch air inlet pipe and is connected with the air outlet of the second cavity, and a third flowmeter is arranged on the other branch air inlet pipe and is connected with the air outlet of the third cavity;
the three cavities for the coal rock samples connected in parallel are all connected with a stress loading system and comprise a confining pressure pump for generating confining pressure on the coal rock sample in the cavity and an axial pressure pump for generating axial pressure on the coal rock sample in the cavity, and the confining pressure pump and the axial pressure pump can respectively construct different stresses on different cavities for the coal rock samples;
the pressure gauge, the flowmeter, the confining pressure pump, the axial pressure pump and the pneumatic pump are all connected with data recording equipment.
Preferably, the output end of the confining pressure pump is provided with a main pipeline, the main pipeline is connected with three branch pipelines which are connected in parallel, and the three branch pipelines are respectively provided with a fifth valve and then are respectively connected with the three cavities for the coal rock samples; the output end of the shaft pressure pump is provided with a main pipeline, the main pipeline is connected with three branch pipelines which are connected in parallel, the three branch pipelines are respectively provided with a sixth valve, and then the sixth valves are respectively connected with three cavities for coal rock samples.
Preferably, the data recording device is a computer with a display screen.
A horizontal well staged fracturing coal gas extraction amount prediction method adopts the horizontal well staged fracturing coal gas extraction simulation device and comprises the following steps:
a. actually measuring physical and mechanical parameters of the staged hydraulic fracturing coal rock stratum of the horizontal well, wherein the physical and mechanical parameters comprise elastic modulus, poisson's ratio, uniaxial compressive strength, cohesive force, internal friction angle and tensile strength;
b. designing hydraulic fracturing parameters including fracturing hydraulic pressure, fracturing media and the presence or absence of a proppant;
c. measuring the horizontal stress, the vertical stress and the gas pressure of the hydraulic fracturing coal rock stratum;
d. performing hydraulic fracturing simulation by using hydraulic fracturing simulation software XSITE according to the parameters determined in the steps, and calculating the ranges of a strong disturbance area, a weak disturbance area and an undisturbed area which are sequentially formed along the axial direction of the staged fracturing drill hole of the horizontal well;
e. extracting horizontal stress and vertical stress of coal rock masses in different zones; deriving the area range radius and fracture development degree data of different subareas, wherein the area range radius of an undisturbed area is determined according to the gas extraction radius or the distance between gas extraction drill holes;
f. manufacturing coal rock samples according to the fracture development degrees of different subareas, wherein a strong disturbance area corresponds to a through fracture coal rock sample, a weak disturbance area corresponds to a micro fracture coal rock sample, and an undisturbed area corresponds to a complete coal rock sample; selecting corresponding coal rock sample lengths according to the area range radiuses of the strong disturbance area, the weak disturbance area and the undisturbed area;
preferably, the through-fracture coal rock sample is obtained by laboratory shearing, specifically, two half coal rock samples are sheared; the micro-fracture coal rock sample is obtained through a uniaxial compression test, and specifically is a yield stage corresponding to a uniaxial compression stress-strain curve;
g. respectively designing axial pressure and confining pressure of the three cavities according to stress environments of different regions of the coal rock sample determined by numerical simulation; designing the gas pressure of the gas cylinder according to the gas pressure;
h. respectively placing coal rock samples corresponding to an undisturbed zone, a weak disturbed zone and a strong disturbed zone into a first cavity, a second cavity and a third cavity, and applying corresponding axial pressure and confining pressure to simulate real stratum conditions in the actual production process;
i. opening a gas bottle to supply gas to the simulation device;
preferably, a leak test is also performed, wetting the joints of the simulator with soapy water, if there are no air bubbles, the connection is good to ensure that the simulator does not leak gas before proceeding with the test.
j. Adjusting the initial gas pressure of the gas cylinder to a set value, closing the fourth valve, and starting to adsorb the coal rock sample until the pressure of the pressure gauge is stable;
k. setting the air pressure of an air pressure pump as the field gas extraction pressure, opening a first valve, a second valve, a third valve and a fourth valve, simulating the gas seepage process from a complete coal rock sample, a micro-fractured coal rock sample and a through-fractured coal rock sample at the same time, monitoring the gas pressure measured by a pressure gauge, monitoring the flow measured by a flow meter at the same time, and further obtaining the gas extraction amount of the coal rock layer under the hydraulic fracturing condition;
and l, changing hydraulic fracturing parameters, repeating the operation to obtain gas extraction amount of the coal rock layer under different hydraulic fracturing conditions, and guiding actual engineering according to test results to select optimal hydraulic fracturing parameters.
And hydraulic fracturing is adopted for staged fracturing of the horizontal well, and the staged fracturing drilled hole of the horizontal well is used as a gas extraction hole in the later stage after the hydraulic fracturing.
Has the advantages that: according to the fracture distribution characteristics of the horizontal well subsection hydraulic fracturing coal rock mass, the horizontal well subsection hydraulic fracturing coal rock mass is divided into a strong disturbance area, a weak disturbance area and an undisturbed area along the axial direction, the strong disturbance area, the weak disturbance area and the undisturbed area respectively correspond to a through fracture coal rock sample, a micro fracture coal rock sample and an integral coal rock sample, and the horizontal stress and the vertical stress of the coal rock mass in different subareas, the radius of the area range and the fracture development degree data are determined through numerical simulation; the accurate gas seepage simulation test conforming to the actual working condition is realized by connecting the coal rock sample cavities in parallel, and the gas extraction amount of the coal rock layer under different hydraulic fracturing conditions is obtained, so that the method has important significance for guiding the actual engineering.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a horizontal well staged fracturing coal gas extraction simulation device of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a horizontal well staged fracturing coal rock mass disturbance zone;
in the figure: the gas cylinder 1, the confining pressure pump 2, the axial pressure pump 3, the pneumatic pump 4 and the pressure gauge 5; the first valve F1, the second valve F2, the third valve F3, the fourth valve F4, the fifth valve F5 and the sixth valve F6; p1 a first pressure gauge, P2 a second pressure gauge and P3 a third pressure gauge; a Q1 first cavity, a Q2 second cavity and a Q3 third cavity; the flow meter comprises an L1 first flow meter, an L2 second flow meter and an L3 third flow meter.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the horizontal well staged fracturing coal gas extraction simulation device mainly comprises a gas cylinder 1, a pressure gauge 5, a cavity for a coal rock sample, a pressure gauge, a flow meter 6, a confining pressure pump 2, an axial pressure pump 3, a pneumatic pressure pump 4, a valve and data recording equipment;
the gas bottle 1 is respectively connected with three branch gas inlet pipes which are connected in parallel through a main gas inlet pipe, a first valve F1, a pressure gauge 5 and a second valve F2 are sequentially arranged on the main gas inlet pipe, one branch gas inlet pipe is connected with a gas inlet of a first cavity Q1 after being provided with a first pressure gauge P1 and a third valve F3, the other branch gas inlet pipe is connected with a gas inlet of a second cavity Q2 after being provided with a second pressure gauge P2 and a third valve F3, and the other branch gas inlet pipe is connected with a gas inlet of a third cavity Q3 after being provided with a third pressure gauge P3 and a third valve F3; the outlet end of the pneumatic pump 4 is respectively connected with three parallel branch air pipes through a main air outlet pipe, a fourth valve F4 is arranged on the main air outlet pipe, a first flowmeter L1 is arranged on one branch air pipe and is connected with the air outlet of the first cavity Q1, a second flowmeter L2 is arranged on the other branch air inlet pipe and is connected with the air outlet of the second cavity Q2, and a third flowmeter L3 is arranged on the other branch air inlet pipe and is connected with the air outlet of the third cavity Q3;
the three cavities for the coal rock samples connected in parallel are all connected with a stress loading system, and comprise a confining pressure pump 2 for generating confining pressure on the coal rock sample in the cavity in the circumferential direction perpendicular to the left-right direction, and an axial pressure pump 3 for generating axial pressure on the coal rock sample in the cavity in the left-right direction, wherein the confining pressure pump 2 and the axial pressure pump 3 can respectively construct different stresses on different cavities for the coal rock samples; the output end of the confining pressure pump 2 is provided with a main pipeline which is connected with three branch pipelines connected in parallel, and the three branch pipelines are respectively provided with a fifth valve F5 and then are respectively connected with three cavities for coal and rock samples; the output end of the shaft pressure pump 3 is provided with a main pipeline which is connected with three branch pipelines connected in parallel, and the three branch pipelines are respectively provided with a sixth valve F6 and then are respectively connected with three cavities for coal rock samples;
the pressure gauge 5, the pressure gauge, the flowmeter 6, the confining pressure pump 2, the axial pressure pump 3 and the air pressure pump 4 are all connected with data recording equipment; the data recording device has a display screen.
A horizontal well staged fracturing coal gas extraction amount prediction method adopts the horizontal well staged fracturing coal gas extraction simulation device and comprises the following steps:
a. actually measuring physical and mechanical parameters of the staged hydraulic fracturing coal rock stratum of the horizontal well, wherein the physical and mechanical parameters comprise elastic modulus, poisson's ratio, uniaxial compressive strength, cohesive force, internal friction angle and tensile strength;
b. designing hydraulic fracturing parameters including fracturing hydraulic pressure, fracturing media and the presence or absence of a proppant;
c. measuring the horizontal stress, the vertical stress and the gas pressure of the hydraulic fracturing coal rock stratum;
d. performing hydraulic fracturing simulation by using hydraulic fracturing simulation software XSITE according to the parameters determined in the steps, and calculating the ranges of a strong disturbance area, a weak disturbance area and an undisturbed area which are sequentially formed along the axial direction of the staged fracturing drill hole of the horizontal well, wherein the ranges are shown in FIG. 2;
e. extracting horizontal stress and vertical stress of coal rock masses in different zones; deriving the area range radius and fracture development degree data of different subareas, wherein the area range radius of an undisturbed area is determined according to the gas extraction radius or the distance between gas extraction drill holes; the gas extraction hole is namely staged fracturing of a horizontal well, and the staged fracturing is used as a gas extraction hole;
f. making coal rock samples according to the fracture development degrees of different partitions, wherein a strong disturbance area corresponds to a through fracture coal rock sample, a weak disturbance area corresponds to a micro fracture coal rock sample, and an undisturbed area corresponds to a complete coal rock sample; selecting corresponding coal rock sample lengths according to the area range radiuses of the strong disturbance area, the weak disturbance area and the undisturbed area;
wherein the through-fracture coal rock sample is obtained by shearing in a laboratory, and specifically two half coal rock samples are sheared; the micro-fracture coal rock sample is obtained through a uniaxial compression test, and specifically is a yield stage corresponding to a uniaxial compression stress-strain curve;
g. respectively designing axial pressure and confining pressure of the three cavities according to stress environments of different regions of the coal rock sample determined by numerical simulation; designing the gas pressure of the gas bottle 1 according to the gas pressure;
h. respectively placing coal and rock samples corresponding to an undisturbed area, a weak disturbed area and a strong disturbed area into a first cavity Q1, a second cavity Q2 and a third cavity Q3, and applying corresponding axial pressure and confining pressure to simulate real stratum conditions in the actual production process;
i. opening a gas bottle 1 to supply gas to the simulation device; carrying out leakage detection, wetting the joint of the simulation device by soap water, and if no bubble exists, connecting well to ensure that gas cannot leak from the simulation device before continuing the test;
j. adjusting the initial gas pressure of the gas cylinder 1 to a set value, closing the fourth valve F4, and starting to adsorb the coal rock sample until the pressure of the pressure gauge is stable;
k. setting the air pressure of an air pressure pump 4 as the field gas extraction pressure, opening a first valve F1, a second valve F2, a third valve F3 and a fourth valve F4, simulating the gas seepage process from a complete coal rock sample, a micro-fracture coal rock sample and a through-fracture coal rock sample at the same time, monitoring the gas pressure measured by a pressure gauge, monitoring the flow measured by a flow meter 6 at the same time, and further obtaining the gas extraction amount of the coal rock layer after the fracturing condition;
and l, changing fracturing parameters, repeating the operations to obtain the gas extraction amount of the coal rock layer under different fracturing conditions, and guiding actual engineering according to the test result to select the optimal fracturing parameters.
Although the invention has been described in detail with respect to the general description and the specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and improvements may be made based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (5)
1. A horizontal well staged fracturing coal body gas extraction amount prediction method adopts a horizontal well staged fracturing coal body gas extraction simulation device, wherein the gas extraction simulation device comprises a gas cylinder, a pressure gauge, a cavity for a coal rock sample, a pressure gauge, a flowmeter, a surrounding pressure pump, an axial pressure pump, a pneumatic pressure pump, a valve and data recording equipment;
the gas cylinder is respectively connected with three branch gas inlet pipes which are connected in parallel through a main gas inlet pipe, a first valve, a pressure gauge and a second valve are sequentially arranged on the main gas inlet pipe, one branch gas inlet pipe is connected with a gas inlet of the first cavity after being provided with the first pressure gauge and the third valve, the other branch gas inlet pipe is connected with a gas inlet of the second cavity after being provided with the second pressure gauge and the third valve, and the other branch gas inlet pipe is connected with a gas inlet of the third cavity after being provided with the third pressure gauge and the third valve; the outlet end of the pneumatic pump is respectively connected with three parallel branch air pipes through a main air outlet pipe, a fourth valve is arranged on the main air outlet pipe, a first flowmeter is arranged on one branch air pipe and is connected with the air outlet of the first cavity, a second flowmeter is arranged on the other branch air inlet pipe and is connected with the air outlet of the second cavity, and a third flowmeter is arranged on the other branch air inlet pipe and is connected with the air outlet of the third cavity; the three cavities for the coal rock samples connected in parallel are all connected with a stress loading system, and each stress loading system comprises a confining pressure pump for generating confining pressure on the coal rock sample in the cavity and an axial pressure pump for generating axial pressure on the coal rock sample in the cavity, and the confining pressure pump and the axial pressure pump can respectively construct different stresses on different cavities for the coal rock samples; the pressure gauge, the flowmeter, the confining pressure pump, the axial pressure pump and the pneumatic pump are all connected with data recording equipment;
the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. actually measuring physical and mechanical parameters of the horizontal well staged hydraulic fracturing coal rock stratum, wherein the physical and mechanical parameters comprise elastic modulus, poisson ratio, uniaxial compressive strength, cohesive force, internal friction angle and tensile strength;
b. designing hydraulic fracturing parameters including fracturing water pressure, fracturing media and the presence or absence of a proppant;
c. measuring the horizontal stress, the vertical stress and the gas pressure of the hydraulic fracturing coal rock stratum;
d. performing hydraulic fracturing simulation by using hydraulic fracturing simulation software XSITE according to the parameters determined in the steps, and calculating the ranges of a strong disturbance area, a weak disturbance area and an undisturbed area which are sequentially formed along the axial direction of the staged fracturing drill hole of the horizontal well;
e. extracting horizontal stress and vertical stress of coal rock masses in different zones; deriving the area range radius and fracture development degree data of different subareas, wherein the area range radius of an undisturbed area is determined according to the gas extraction radius or the distance between gas extraction drill holes;
f. making coal rock samples according to the fracture development degrees of different partitions, wherein a strong disturbance area corresponds to a through fracture coal rock sample, a weak disturbance area corresponds to a micro fracture coal rock sample, and an undisturbed area corresponds to a complete coal rock sample; selecting corresponding coal rock sample lengths according to the area range radiuses of the strong disturbance area, the weak disturbance area and the undisturbed area;
g. respectively designing axial pressure and confining pressure of the three cavities according to stress environments of different regions of the coal rock sample determined by numerical simulation; designing the gas pressure of the gas cylinder according to the gas pressure;
h. respectively placing coal and rock samples corresponding to an undisturbed area, a weak disturbed area and a strong disturbed area into a first cavity, a second cavity and a third cavity, and applying corresponding axial pressure and confining pressure to simulate real stratum conditions in the actual production process;
i. opening a gas cylinder to supply gas to the simulation device;
j. adjusting the initial gas pressure of the gas cylinder to a set value, closing the fourth valve, and starting to adsorb the coal rock sample until the pressure of the pressure gauge is stable;
k. setting the air pressure of an air pressure pump as the field gas extraction pressure, opening a first valve, a second valve, a third valve and a fourth valve, simulating the gas seepage process from a complete coal rock sample, a micro-fractured coal rock sample and a through-fractured coal rock sample at the same time, monitoring the gas pressure measured by a pressure gauge, monitoring the flow measured by a flow meter at the same time, and further obtaining the gas extraction amount of the coal rock layer under the hydraulic fracturing condition;
and l, changing hydraulic fracturing parameters, repeating the steps c-k to obtain the gas extraction amount of the coal rock layer under different hydraulic fracturing conditions, and guiding actual engineering according to test results to select the optimal hydraulic fracturing parameters.
2. The method for predicting the gas extraction amount according to claim 1, wherein a main pipeline is arranged at an output end of the confining pressure pump, the main pipeline is connected with three branch pipelines connected in parallel, and the three branch pipelines are respectively provided with a fifth valve and then are respectively connected with three cavities for coal and rock samples; the output end of the shaft pressure pump is provided with a main pipeline, the main pipeline is connected with three branch pipelines which are connected in parallel, the three branch pipelines are respectively provided with a sixth valve, and then the sixth valves are respectively connected with three cavities for coal rock samples.
3. The gas extraction amount prediction method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step f, the through fracture coal rock sample is obtained by laboratory shearing, specifically, two half coal rock samples are sheared; the micro-fracture coal-rock sample is obtained through a uniaxial compression test, and specifically is a yield stage corresponding to a uniaxial compression stress-strain curve.
4. The method for predicting the gas extraction amount according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step i, leakage detection is further performed, the joint of the simulation device is wetted with soapy water, and if no bubble exists, the joint is good so as to ensure that the simulation device does not leak gas before continuing the test.
5. The method for predicting the gas extraction amount according to claim 1 or 2, wherein hydraulic fracturing is adopted for staged fracturing of the horizontal well, and the staged fracturing borehole of the horizontal well is used as a gas extraction hole in the later period after the hydraulic fracturing.
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| CN105612310A (en) * | 2013-10-17 | 2016-05-25 | 西格纳化学有限责任公司 | Use of alkali metal silicides in post-CHOPS oilfield recovery operations |
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