CN114701618A - Ship precision control method based on block construction - Google Patents
Ship precision control method based on block construction Download PDFInfo
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- CN114701618A CN114701618A CN202210229748.3A CN202210229748A CN114701618A CN 114701618 A CN114701618 A CN 114701618A CN 202210229748 A CN202210229748 A CN 202210229748A CN 114701618 A CN114701618 A CN 114701618A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B73/00—Building or assembling vessels or marine structures, e.g. hulls or offshore platforms
- B63B73/10—Building or assembling vessels from prefabricated hull blocks, i.e. complete hull cross-sections
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Abstract
The invention provides a ship precision control method based on block construction, which adopts a precision control technical scheme of transferring reference in sections, improving precision step by step and distributing and implementing compensation. The precision control method solves the problem of high precision control difficulty during the building of the ship block, shortens the engineering building time, improves the ship building efficiency, is safe and reliable, and ensures the safety of site construction. The invention effectively solves the problems that the total section folding and the positioning and installation of the base and the equipment are difficult to control when the ship total section is built, and improves the ship building quality and building efficiency, thereby effectively overcoming various defects in the prior art and having high industrial utilization value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ship construction, in particular to a ship precision control method based on block construction.
Background
The block construction method is a mature and advanced ship construction technology at present, and particularly for large ships, the block construction is generally to divide a ship into a plurality of giant segments to be constructed simultaneously, and finally the giant blocks are sent to a slipway for block assembly through a gantry crane, so that the block construction method is the method with the highest efficiency at present, and the period of the slipway can be greatly shortened.
At present, the general ship building process based on the block building method is as follows: after the ship body is closed, the main equipment and the auxiliary equipment of the ship are hoisted into the cabin, and after the ship is launched, the shafting is subjected to bracing wire illumination, and the main equipment and the auxiliary equipment of the ship are installed. The method has obvious defects: in the process of manufacturing and installing each section of the huge section, the precision error inevitably exists, and the precision error is continuously enlarged along with the folding of the huge section; there are precision errors in the positioning of the shafting center line and the equipment, the manufacturing and installation of the base, and the assembly between the equipment and the base. These errors affect the ship building quality and efficiency, and affect the smooth completion of the engineering nodes.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a ship precision method based on total section construction, which is simple, reasonable and feasible in operation, and realizes effective control of ship construction precision through a precision control technical scheme of sectional transfer of reference, gradual improvement of precision and distributed implementation of compensation.
The invention provides a ship precision control method based on block construction, which comprises the following steps:
s101: defining precision control events and precision control target values of all the control events, wherein the control events comprise total section folding, base and shaft bracket installation, equipment assembly, shafting load adjustment and shafting center line adjustment;
s102: determining a precision control scheme, adopting a measure of sectional transfer reference according to the building flow of a ship block and the precision requirement of each control event, decomposing the precision control requirement of the ship step by step, transferring the precision control requirement of the ship to equipment and a base on each section and in each section from low to high according to the requirement, gradually improving the building precision of the ship, and making reasonable compensation measures aiming at different control events;
s103: setting precision control priority, classifying all large control events according to the event types and the sequential logical relationship built in the ship block, constructing a ship precision chain link, and obtaining a precision control priority sequence according to the link;
s104: measuring and analyzing the precision of each control event;
s105: and (5) performing precision compensation, and taking precision compensation measures for corresponding control events according to the precision deviation reason analyzed in the step S104, so as to finally realize that the precision of the events is within the precision control target value range in the step S101.
Preferably, in step S102, the control measures for closing the total segment are: the precision of a hull base line and a datum point is controlled through a total station detector, the distance between the hull rib datum points is controlled according to +/-0.5L/1000 mm, a shafting adjusting section is arranged, and a screw shaft is lengthened with a margin to compensate the total section folding length.
Preferably, in step S102, the control measures for the mounting of the base and the shaft bracket are as follows: the precision of the shaft bracket is monitored through a steel ruler, a total station detector and an illuminometer, allowance is reserved for an inner hole and an end face hole of the shaft bracket for precision compensation, and the precision of the shaft bracket is controlled through shaft system lighting and boring row calibration processing; and machining the base to control the flatness, parallelism and roughness of the base, and reserving machining allowance at the panel and the bottom of the base to control the precision of the base.
Preferably, in step S102, the control measures for adjusting the shafting center line are: the precision of the central line of the shafting is controlled by sectional stay wire illumination, and the precision is compensated by measures including a gasket, a stern shaft with allowance, a propeller shaft with allowance and a hydraulic coupling flange.
Preferably, in step S102, the control measures for the equipment assembly are: the assembling precision of the equipment is controlled by the shafting stay wire illumination, and the assembling precision of the equipment is compensated by the installation welding gasket and the adjusting gasket.
Preferably, in step S102, the control measures for adjusting the shafting load are as follows: the load of the shafting bearing is monitored, and the height of the mounting positions of the middle bearing and the equipment is adjusted, so that the load of the shafting is controlled within a 15% target value.
Preferably, in step S103, the priority of the precision control is, in order from high to low: a first main path, a branch path and a second main path;
the priority of the precision control in the first main road is from high to low: total assembly of a total section, total section folding and determination of a shaft system center;
the branch circuit comprises a first branch circuit and a second branch circuit, and the priority of the first branch circuit is from high to low: positioning a shaft bracket, installing a shaft tube, installing a shaft section and installing a propeller; the priority of the second branch circuit is from high to low in sequence: processing and positioning a base and mainly pushing and positioning; the first leg is the same priority as the second leg;
the priority of the second main road precision control is from high to low: middle bearing positioning, main reducing positioning, main machine positioning and shafting load adjustment.
Preferably, step S104 specifically includes:
measuring equipment comprising a steel ruler, a total station detector and a light instrument is adopted, precision values are measured aiming at the central lines of a ship block, a base, a shaft bracket and a shaft system, the precision values are compared with theoretical values, the reasons for generating precision deviation are divided according to site construction experience, a ship state and a measured value deviation rate, and the rationality of the precision deviation rate is analyzed.
Preferably, in step S105, the precision compensation performed on the host includes:
after a ship is launched, the position of a host is determined through stay wire illumination, the host is hoisted, the axial offset and the radial offset of the host and a main reducer are measured through illumination, the position of the host is adjusted by utilizing an oil cylinder or a jacking bolt and a lateral adjusting screw, a positioning bolt hole between the host and the main reducer is enabled to correspond, the host is measured through illumination again until the position measured value of the host meets the requirement of host assembly precision indexes, the position information of the host is recorded, and high-precision installation of the host is realized through installing a welding gasket and an adjusting gasket.
Preferably, in step S101, the accuracy control target values of the respective control events are: the total section is folded by 10 mm; the base and the shaft bracket are arranged by 5 mm; assembling equipment by 0.1 mm; adjusting the shafting load by 15 percent Fn; the center line of the shaft system is adjusted to be 0.5 mm.
As described above, the present invention provides a ship accuracy control method based on block building, which is an accuracy control technical scheme that segmented reference transfer, accuracy improvement step by step, and compensation implementation are distributed, and firstly, an event and a corresponding accuracy target value are definitely controlled, then, an accuracy control scheme is determined, the accuracy of the event is actually measured and analyzed by setting the priority of accuracy adjustment, and finally, corresponding accuracy compensation measures are implemented, so that the effective control of the ship accuracy is finally realized. The precision control method solves the problem of high precision control difficulty during the construction of the ship block, shortens the construction time of engineering, improves the ship construction efficiency, and simultaneously, the method is safe and reliable through field use feedback, and the field construction safety is ensured. The invention effectively solves the problem that the precision errors are difficult to control in the closing of the ship block and the positioning and installation of the base and the equipment during the building of the ship block, the precision control method is convenient and simple to use, the use process is safe and reliable, the good use effect is achieved, the ship building quality and the building efficiency are improved, the guarantee is provided for the smooth completion of engineering nodes, and therefore, the invention effectively overcomes various defects in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a precision control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a precision chain diagram of a precision control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
As in the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, the cross-sectional views illustrating the device structure are not partially enlarged in general scale for convenience of illustration, and the schematic views are only examples, which should not limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width and depth should be included in the actual fabrication.
For convenience in description, spatial relational terms such as "below," "beneath," "below," "under," "over," "upper," and the like may be used herein to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatial relationship terms are intended to encompass other orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. Further, when a layer is referred to as being "between" two layers, it can be the only layer between the two layers, or one or more intervening layers may also be present. As used herein, "between … …" is meant to include both endpoints.
In the context of this application, a structure described as having a first feature "on" a second feature may include embodiments in which the first and second features are formed in direct contact, and may also include embodiments in which additional features are formed in between the first and second features, such that the first and second features may not be in direct contact.
It should be noted that the drawings provided in the present embodiment are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention, and the drawings only show the components related to the present invention rather than being drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the type, quantity and proportion of each component in actual implementation may be changed freely, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a ship precision control method based on block building, comprising the following steps:
s101: and defining the precision control events and precision control target values of the control events. Specifically, according to the characteristics of the block construction, the control events comprise block folding, base and shaft bracket installation, equipment assembly, shafting load adjustment and shafting center line adjustment; the accuracy control target values of the respective control events are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
| Total section closure | Base/pedestal | Center line of shaft system | Equipment assembly | Load of shafting |
| 10mm | 5mm | 0.5mm | 0.1mm | 15％Fn |
S102: and determining a precision control scheme.
Specifically, according to the building process of the ship block and the precision requirements of each control event, a measure of transferring the benchmark in sections is adopted, the precision control requirements of the ship are decomposed step by step, and are transferred to equipment and bases on and in each section from low to high according to the requirements, so that the building precision of the ship is gradually improved, and reasonable compensation measures are made according to different control events. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the control measures for total closure are as follows: the precision of a hull base line and a datum point is controlled through a total station detector, the distance between the hull rib datum points is controlled according to +/-0.5L/1000 mm, a shafting adjusting section is arranged, and a screw shaft is lengthened with a margin to compensate the total section folding length.
(2) The control measures for the installation of the base and the shaft bracket are as follows: the precision of the shaft bracket is monitored through a steel ruler, a total station detector and an illuminometer, allowance is reserved for an inner hole and an end face hole of the shaft bracket for precision compensation, and the precision of the shaft bracket is controlled through shaft system lighting and boring row calibration processing; and machining the base to control the flatness, parallelism and roughness of the base, and reserving machining allowance at the panel and the bottom of the base to control the precision of the base.
(3) The control measures for adjusting the center line of the shafting are as follows: the precision of the central line of the shafting is controlled by sectional stay wire illumination, and the precision is compensated by measures including a gasket, a stern shaft with allowance, a propeller shaft with allowance and a hydraulic coupling flange.
(4) The control measures for the equipment assembly are as follows: the assembling precision of the equipment is controlled by the shafting stay wire illumination, and the assembling precision of the equipment is compensated by the installation welding gasket and the adjusting gasket.
(5) The control measures for shafting load adjustment are as follows: the load of the shafting bearing is monitored, and the height of the mounting positions of the middle bearing and the equipment is adjusted, so that the load of the shafting is controlled within a 15% target value.
S103: and setting precision control priority.
Specifically, according to the category and the sequential logic relationship of the events built in the ship block, all the large control events are classified and a ship precision chain link is built, and the precision control priority order is obtained according to the link.
The priority of the precision control is from high to low: the main road comprises a first main road, a branch road and a second main road.
The priority of the precision control in the first main road is from high to low: total assembly of the total sections, total section folding and shaft system center determination.
The branch circuit comprises a first branch circuit and a second branch circuit, and the priority of the first branch circuit is from high to low: positioning a shaft bracket, installing a shaft tube, installing a shaft section and installing a propeller; the priority of the second branch is from high to low: processing and positioning a base and mainly pushing and positioning; the first leg is of the same priority as the second leg.
The priority of the second main road is from high to low: middle bearing positioning, main reducing positioning, main machine positioning and shafting load adjustment.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the ship accuracy control built based on the main section is divided into a main path and a branch path throughout the whole building stage, wherein the main path is first to the branch path, and finally the main path is returned. The link starts from the total assembly of the ship body total section and then reaches the total section closing stage, and then the shafting central line is determined. After the shafting central line is determined, the ship precision chain link is divided into two lines: (1) aiming at shafting equipment, positioning from a shaft frame to installation of a shaft tube, a shaft section and a propeller; (2) and (4) processing and positioning each equipment base, and positioning the main thruster (main thruster control device) after the ship is launched. After the main thrust positioning, equipment such as a middle bearing, a main reducer (a main speed reduction control device), a main engine (a ship power device) and the like are sequentially positioned and installed, and finally shafting load is adjusted.
It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 2, for each event precision priority, the closer a control event is to the top of a link, the higher the priority is, the more priority is its precision control; the closer the control event is to the bottom of the link, the lower the priority of the control event is, and the later the precision control of the control event is; two lines of control events behind the axis center line have no priority order for events on two branch lines, and the priority order still exists for events on the same branch line. It should be noted that the precision chain link is a structure and corresponding equipment for a certain ship, and if the precision chain link is extended to other ship types, the precision chain link can be changed appropriately according to the specific ship type.
S104: the accuracy of each control event is measured and analyzed.
Specifically, measuring equipment comprising a steel ruler, a total station detector and a light instrument is adopted, precision values are measured according to the central lines of a ship block, a base, a shaft frame and a shaft system, the precision values are compared with theoretical values, the reasons for generating precision deviation are divided according to site construction experience, a ship state and a measured value deviation rate, and the reasonability of the precision deviation rate is analyzed.
S105: and implementing precision compensation.
And (4) aiming at the corresponding control event, combining the precision deviation reason analyzed in the step S104, taking precision compensation measures, and finally realizing that the precision of the event is within the precision control target value range in the step S101. Specifically, the precision compensation performed on the host is taken as an example to describe: after a ship is launched, the position of a host is determined through stay wire illumination, the host is hoisted, the axial offset and the radial offset of the host and a main reducer are measured through illumination, the position of the host is adjusted by utilizing an oil cylinder or a jacking bolt and a lateral adjusting screw, a positioning bolt hole between the host and the main reducer is enabled to correspond, the host is measured through illumination again until the position measured value of the host meets the requirement of host assembly precision indexes, the position information of the host is recorded, and high-precision installation of the host is realized through installing a welding gasket and an adjusting gasket.
In summary, the present invention provides a ship accuracy control method based on block construction, which adopts an accuracy control technical scheme of transferring references in sections, increasing accuracy step by step, and implementing compensation in a distributed manner, and firstly, an event and a corresponding accuracy target value are determined, then, an accuracy control scheme is determined, the accuracy of the event is actually measured and analyzed by setting a priority of accuracy adjustment, and finally, a corresponding accuracy compensation measure is implemented, so that the effective control of the ship accuracy is finally realized. The precision control method solves the problem of high precision control difficulty during the construction of the ship block, shortens the construction time of engineering, improves the ship construction efficiency, and simultaneously, the method is safe and reliable through field use feedback, and the field construction safety is ensured. The invention effectively solves the problem that the precision errors are difficult to control in the closing of the ship block and the positioning and installation of the base and the equipment during the building of the ship block, the precision control method is convenient and simple to use, the use process is safe and reliable, the good use effect is achieved, the ship building quality and the building efficiency are improved, the guarantee is provided for the smooth completion of engineering nodes, and therefore, the invention effectively overcomes various defects in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A ship precision control method based on block construction is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s101: defining precision control events and precision control target values of all the control events, wherein the control events comprise total section folding, base and shaft bracket installation, equipment assembly, shafting load adjustment and shafting center line adjustment;
s102: determining a precision control scheme, adopting a measure of sectional transfer reference according to the building flow of a ship block and the precision requirement of each control event, decomposing the precision control requirement of the ship step by step, transferring the precision control requirement of the ship to equipment and a base on each section and in each section from low to high according to the requirement, gradually improving the building precision of the ship, and making reasonable compensation measures aiming at different control events;
s103: setting precision control priority, classifying all large control events according to the event types and the sequential logical relationship built in the ship block, constructing a ship precision chain link, and obtaining a precision control priority sequence according to the link;
s104: measuring and analyzing the precision of each control event;
s105: and (5) performing precision compensation, and taking precision compensation measures for corresponding control events according to the precision deviation reason analyzed in the step S104, so as to finally realize that the precision of the events is within the precision control target value range in the step S101.
2. The ship accuracy control method according to claim 1, wherein in step S102, the control measures for closing the block are as follows: the precision of a hull base line and a datum point is controlled through a total station detector, the distance between the hull rib datum points is controlled according to +/-0.5L/1000 mm, a shafting adjusting section is arranged, and a screw shaft is lengthened with a margin to compensate the total section folding length.
3. The method for controlling the accuracy of a ship of claim 1, wherein in step S102, the control measures for the installation of the base and the pedestal are as follows: the precision of the shaft bracket is monitored by a steel ruler, a total station detector and an illuminometer, allowance is reserved between an inner hole and an end surface hole of the shaft bracket for precision compensation, and the precision of the shaft bracket is controlled by shaft system lighting and boring bar calibration processing; and machining the base to control the flatness, parallelism and roughness of the base, and reserving machining allowance at the panel and the bottom of the base to control the precision of the base.
4. The ship accuracy control method according to claim 1, wherein in step S102, the control measure for shafting center line adjustment is as follows: the precision of the central line of the shafting is controlled by sectional stay wire illumination, and the precision is compensated by measures including a gasket, a stern shaft with allowance, a propeller shaft with allowance and a hydraulic coupling flange.
5. The method for controlling the accuracy of a ship according to claim 1, wherein in step S102, the control measures for the equipment set-up are: the assembling precision of the equipment is controlled by the shafting stay wire illumination, and the assembling precision of the equipment is compensated by the installation welding gasket and the adjusting gasket.
6. The ship accuracy control method according to claim 1, wherein in step S102, the control measures for shafting load adjustment are as follows: the load of the shafting bearing is monitored, and the height of the mounting positions of the middle bearing and the equipment is adjusted, so that the load of the shafting is controlled within a 15% target value.
7. The ship accuracy control method according to claim 1, wherein in step S103, the priority of the accuracy control is, in order from high to low: a first main path, a branch path and a second main path;
the priority of the precision control in the first main road is from high to low: total assembly of a total section, total section folding and determination of a shaft system center;
the branch circuit comprises a first branch circuit and a second branch circuit, and the priority of the first branch circuit is from high to low: positioning a shaft bracket, installing a shaft tube, installing a shaft section and installing a propeller; the priority of the second branch circuit is from high to low in sequence: processing and positioning a base and mainly pushing and positioning; the first leg is the same priority as the second leg;
the priority of the second main road precision control is from high to low: middle bearing positioning, main reducing positioning, main machine positioning and shafting load adjustment.
8. The ship accuracy control method according to claim 1, wherein step S104 specifically comprises:
measuring equipment comprising a steel ruler, a total station detector and a light instrument is adopted, precision values are measured aiming at the central lines of a ship block, a base, a shaft bracket and a shaft system, the precision values are compared with theoretical values, the reasons for generating precision deviation are divided according to site construction experience, a ship state and a measured value deviation rate, and the rationality of the precision deviation rate is analyzed.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the step S105 of compensating the accuracy of the main engine includes:
after a ship is launched, the position of a host is determined through stay wire illumination, the host is hoisted, the axial offset and the radial offset of the host and a main reducer are measured through illumination, the position of the host is adjusted by utilizing an oil cylinder or a jacking bolt and a lateral adjusting screw, a positioning bolt hole between the host and the main reducer is enabled to correspond, the host is measured through illumination again until the position measured value of the host meets the requirement of host assembly precision indexes, the position information of the host is recorded, and high-precision installation of the host is realized through installing a welding gasket and an adjusting gasket.
10. The ship accuracy control method according to claim 1, wherein in step S101, the accuracy control target values of the respective control events are respectively: the total section is folded by 10 mm; the base and the shaft bracket are arranged by 5 mm; equipment assembly is 0.1 mm; adjusting the shafting load by 15 percent Fn; the center line of the shaft system is adjusted to be 0.5 mm.
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| CN116890969A (en) * | 2023-07-31 | 2023-10-17 | 招商局重工（江苏）有限公司 | Efficient and safe floating production oil storage and discharge device, construction process thereof and precision control method |
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