CN114678702B - Zero grating lobe plane phased array antenna based on 1-bit digital phase control technology - Google Patents
Zero grating lobe plane phased array antenna based on 1-bit digital phase control technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN114678702B CN114678702B CN202210357801.8A CN202210357801A CN114678702B CN 114678702 B CN114678702 B CN 114678702B CN 202210357801 A CN202210357801 A CN 202210357801A CN 114678702 B CN114678702 B CN 114678702B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
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Abstract
The invention discloses a zero grating lobe plane phased array antenna based on a 1-bit digital phase control technology, which comprises n multiplied by m digital phase control units, wherein n and m are determined based on actual application requirements, and the initial rotation angle distribution function of each digital phase control unit is randomly distributed. The zero grating lobe plane phased array antenna adopts a strong feed mode, the digital control device is used for adjusting the radiation phase of the digital phase control unit to realize beam scanning, and the digital phased array plane, the radio frequency power division network, the direct current feed network and the digital control circuit are integrated on a multilayer printed board without an independent air feed source. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that 1-bit quantization is adopted, but the zero grating lobe design is realized through the innovative rotating unit, and the invention has the advantages of high beam scanning speed, low cost, low power consumption, low profile, easy conformal operation, simple feed network and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a zero grating lobe planar phased array antenna based on a 1-bit digital phase control technology.
Background
In the field of long-distance electric wave propagation such as satellite communication, radar, remote sensing imaging, etc., a high-gain antenna having a beam scanning function is indispensable. Common high gain beam scanning antennas mainly include four main categories:
the first type is a mechanically scanned reflector antenna, which has the advantages of simple structure and mature technology, but the defects of the mechanically scanned reflector antenna in the communication field in motion are obvious due to a special curved surface structure, huge volume and a complex servo system.
The second type is a conventional phased array antenna based on TR elements, which typically uses a high-bit quantized phase shifter for phase quantization, such as a 6-bit phase shifting design. The phase quantization error can be reduced, so that grating lobes are suppressed, the antenna performance is good, the beam control is flexible, the scanning speed is high, and however, the introduction of the receiving and transmitting assembly brings the problems of high cost, high power consumption, low efficiency, high system complexity and the like to the traditional phased array antenna.
The third type is a novel phased array antenna based on a digital phase control electromagnetic surface, the antenna uses an air feed type feed source as an excitation source, the digital phase control electromagnetic surface integrates a phase modulation function and a radiation array surface, a complex receiving and transmitting component is removed, low-bit phase quantization designs such as 1-bit or 2-bit and the like can be adopted, grating lobes caused by low-bit phase quantization errors are eliminated due to pseudo-random phase distribution introduced by the air feed type feed source, and the cost, the power consumption and the system complexity are greatly reduced while the flexible and rapid beam scanning performance is maintained. However, due to the air feed mechanism, the section of the whole system is higher, and the application of the system in the fields of airborne and the like, which need the antenna with the characteristics of low section and high integration, is limited.
The last type is a strong feed phased array antenna based on a digital phase control technology, the phase modulation function and the radiation array surface of the antenna are integrated into a whole, a complex receiving and transmitting assembly is removed, and a strong feed mechanism is adopted for power distribution. This type of antenna cannot generally be quantized with 1-bit because this type of phased array antenna does not have a pseudo-random phase distribution and therefore grating lobes can occur. Although 2-bit and above digital phasing can be employed, feed complexity and cost rise dramatically.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a zero grating lobe planar phased array antenna based on a 1-bit digital phase control technology, and the grating lobe problem faced by a 1-bit digital phased array based on strong feedback is solved through the structural arrangement of the zero grating lobe planar phased array antenna.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme:
a zero grating lobe plane phased array antenna based on a 1-bit digital phase control technology comprises n multiplied by m digital phase control units, n and m are determined based on actual application requirements, initial rotation angles of the digital phase control units are different, and initial rotation angle distribution functions are randomly distributed.
According to a preferred embodiment, the digital phase control unit is a circular polarization digital phase control unit with arbitrary center feed, and the circular polarization digital phase control unit comprises left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization.
According to a preferred embodiment, the digital phase control unit comprises a metal patch layer, a first dielectric plate, a first metal ground, a second dielectric plate, a direct current feed layer, a third dielectric plate, a second metal ground, a fourth dielectric plate and a power division network layer from top to bottom; the metal patch layer is connected with the power division network layer through a first metal via hole.
According to a preferred embodiment, the first metal via is disposed electrically isolated from the first metal ground and the second metal ground.
According to a preferred embodiment, the metal patch layer is composed of a first digital control device, a second digital control device, a corner cut square metal patch, a corner cut annular metal patch, and a serpentine metal wire; the two ends of the first digital control device and the second digital control device are respectively connected with the corner-cut square metal patch and the corner-cut annular metal patch; one end of the serpentine metal wire is connected with the corner-cut annular metal patch, and the other end of the serpentine metal wire is connected with the first metal ground through the second metal via hole.
According to a preferred embodiment, the first digital control device and the second digital controller are not limited to PIN diodes, varactors and MEMS switches; the positive electrode of the first digital control device is connected with the corner-cut square metal patch, and the negative electrode of the first digital control device is connected with the corner-cut annular metal patch; the positive electrode of the second digital control device is connected with the corner-cut annular metal patch, and the negative electrode is connected with the corner-cut square metal patch; the first digital control device and the second digital control device are in the same moment, and only one digital control device is in a conducting state, and the other digital control device is in a cutting-off state.
According to a preferred embodiment, the direct current feed layer is formed by a straight metal line and a fan-shaped metal branch, the three-star metal branch is laterally connected to the straight metal line, and the straight metal line is connected with the first metal via.
According to a preferred embodiment, the power division network layer is formed by a plurality of power division network branches, and the power division network branches are connected with the corner-cut square metal patch through the first metal via holes.
According to a preferred embodiment, each power division network branch in the power division network layer is a feed branch for feeding in-phase with a constant amplitude.
According to a preferred embodiment, the materials used for the first, second, third and fourth dielectric plates are not limited to TSM-DS3.
The foregoing inventive concepts and various further alternatives thereof may be freely combined to form multiple concepts, all of which are contemplated and claimed herein. Various combinations will be apparent to those skilled in the art from a review of the present disclosure, and are not intended to be exhaustive or all of the present disclosure.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention discloses a zero grating lobe plane phased array antenna based on a 1-bit digital phase control technology, which adopts a strong feed mode, uses a digital control device to adjust the radiation phase of a digital phase control unit to realize beam scanning, integrates a digital phased array surface, a radio frequency power division network, a direct current feed network and a digital control circuit on a multilayer printed board, and does not need an independent air feed source. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that 1-bit quantization is adopted, but the zero grating lobe design is realized through the innovative rotating unit, and the invention has the advantages of high beam scanning speed, low cost, low power consumption, low profile, easy conformal operation, simple feed network and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a zero grating lobe planar phased array antenna based on a 1-bit digital phased array technique in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a digital phase control unit according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of FIG. 2;
FIGS. 4 and 5 are current profiles for two states of the digital phase control unit shown in FIG. 2 180 out of phase;
fig. 6 is an array antenna consisting of 32×32 digital phased units shown in fig. 2, all of which have corresponding initial rotation angle distributions when they are not rotated;
fig. 7 is a pattern of the planar phased array antenna beam pointing θ=30° with the initial rotation angle distribution corresponding to fig. 6;
fig. 8 is an array antenna composed of 32×32 digital phased units shown in fig. 2, where all the digital phased units randomly rotate with a corresponding initial rotation angle distribution, and the rotation angle is stepped to 45 °;
fig. 9 is a pattern of the planar phased array antenna beam pointing θ=30° with the initial rotation angle distribution corresponding to fig. 8;
fig. 10 is a beam scanning result diagram of a zero grating lobe planar phased array antenna based on a 1-bit digital phased array technology according to an embodiment of the invention.
The device comprises a 100-digital phase control unit, a 1-metal patch layer, a 10-first digital control device, a 11-second digital control device, a 12-corner-cut square metal patch, a 13-corner-cut annular metal patch, a 14-serpentine metal wire, a 2-first dielectric plate, a 20-second metal via hole, a 3-first metal ground, a 4-second dielectric plate, a 5-direct current feed layer, a 50-fan-shaped metal branch, a 51-linear metal wire, a 6-third dielectric plate, a 7-second metal ground, a 8-fourth dielectric plate, a 9-power division network layer, a 90-first metal via hole and a 91-power division network branch.
Detailed Description
Other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, which describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to specific examples. The invention may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
It should be noted that, for the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
In addition, in the present invention, if a specific structure, connection relationship, position relationship, power source relationship, etc. are not specifically written, the structure, connection relationship, position relationship, power source relationship, etc. related to the present invention can be known by those skilled in the art without any creative effort.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1, the invention discloses a zero grating lobe planar phased array antenna based on 1-bit digital phase control, which comprises n multiplied by m digital phase control units 100, wherein n and m are determined by actual application requirements. The initial rotation angle of each digital phase control unit 100 is different, and the initial rotation angle distribution function is random distribution.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the digital phase control unit 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 3 is a side view of fig. 2. As can be seen from fig. 2 and 3, the digital phase control unit 100 is composed of, from top to bottom, a metal patch layer 1, a first dielectric plate 2, a first metal ground 3, a second dielectric plate 4, a dc feed layer 5, a third dielectric plate 6, a second metal ground 7, a fourth dielectric plate 8, and a power division network layer 9.
The 1-bit digital phased array surface (metal patch layer 1) realizes radio frequency energy transmission or reception, and the 1-bit digital phased array surface integrates a digital phase control device and a center-fed circularly polarized antenna unit, so that two radiation modes with 180-degree phase difference of the antenna unit are realized. The dc feed layer 5 provides bias voltages for digitally controlled devices on the 1-bit digital phased array face. The power dividing network layer 9 is composed of equal-amplitude and same-phase feed branches and is used for providing radio frequency energy for the 1-bit digital phased array surface or receiving radio frequency energy of the 1-bit digital phased array surface.
Specifically, the metal patch layer 1 is composed of a first digital control device 10, a second digital control device 11, a corner cut square metal patch 12, a corner cut annular metal patch 13, and a serpentine metal wire 14. Wherein, two ends of the digital control devices 10 and 11 are respectively connected with a corner-cut square metal patch 12 and a corner-cut annular metal patch 13; one end of the serpentine metal wire 14 is connected with the corner cut annular metal patch 13, and the other end is connected with the first metal ground 3 through the second metal via 20.
Specifically, the direct current feed layer 5 is constituted by a straight metal wire 51 and a fan-shaped metal branch 50. Wherein the straight metal line 51 is connected to the first metal via 90.
Specifically, the power division network layer 9 is constituted by a power division network branch 91. The power dividing network branch 91 is connected with the corner-cut square metal patch 12 through the first metal via 90. All the power dividing network branches 91 of the present embodiment are equal-amplitude in-phase feeding branches.
In the embodiment of the invention, the materials of all the dielectric plates are TSM-DS3, the relative dielectric constant is 3.0, and other materials can be selected.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the digital phase control unit 100 can be operated in the left-hand circular polarization state at a desired frequency through appropriate parameter optimization. In parameter optimization, the adjustable parameters include the size of the square metal patches 12 and the annular metal patches 13, the gap, the length of the chamfer, the size of the serpentine wire 14, the size of the straight wire 51 and the fan-shaped metal branches 50.
In the embodiment of the invention, the first digital control device 10 and the second digital control device 11 are both PIN diodes, and the model is MADP-017015-13140P (varactors and MEMS switches can also be selected). The positive electrode of the digital control device 10 is connected with the corner-cut square metal patch 12, and the negative electrode is connected with the corner-cut annular metal patch 13; the positive electrode of the digital control device 11 is connected with the corner-cut annular metal patch 13, and the negative electrode is connected with the corner-cut square metal patch 12. Therefore, by applying a certain positive or negative voltage to the straight metal line 51, the states of the first digital control device 10 and the second digital control device 11 that can be controlled are on or off, and at the same time, one and only one digital control device is on, and the other is off.
In the embodiment of the present invention, by controlling the on or off of the first digital control device 10 and the second digital control device 11, two phase states of the digital phase control unit 100, which are 180 ° out of phase, can be realized. When a certain positive bias voltage is applied to the linear metal wire 51, the digital control device 10 is turned on, the digital control device 11 is turned off, and the current distribution of the digital phase control unit 100 is as shown in fig. 4; when a certain negative bias voltage is applied to the linear metal lines 51, the digital control device 11 is turned on and the digital control device 10 is turned off, and the current distribution of the digital phase control unit 100 is as shown in fig. 5. As can be seen from fig. 4 and 5, the current distribution in the two states is significantly reversed, which means that the radiation phases are 180 ° out of phase in the two radiation modes.
In the embodiment of the present invention, in order to eliminate the grating lobe problem caused by 1-bit quantization, the initial rotation angle of each digital phase control unit 100 is different, and the initial rotation angle distribution function is random distribution. As shown in fig. 6 to 9, 1024 digital phased units are combined into a 32×32 array antenna, and when each digital phased unit in the array antenna does not rotate, a grating lobe symmetrical to the main lobe is generated by a directional diagram when the beam of the array antenna points to θ=30°; when each digital phase control unit in the array antenna rotates randomly and the rotation step is 45 degrees, the array antenna can form a lead-shaped radiation beam without grating lobes. Specifically, the rotation step may be selected to be larger or smaller according to actual needs, such as 60 °, 30 °,10 °, and the like.
Fig. 10 is a beam scanning result diagram of a zero grating lobe planar phased array antenna based on a 1-bit digital phased array technology according to an embodiment of the invention. The embodiment is composed of 1024 (32×32) digital phase control units shown in fig. 2, the initial rotation angle distribution of the digital phase control units is shown in fig. 8, the working frequency is 30GHz, and the scanning range is pitching ±70°. As can be seen from fig. 4, this embodiment achieves high gain beam scanning without any grating lobes in the form of feeding through the power dividing network.
The zero grating lobe plane phased array antenna based on the 1-bit digital phase control technology adopts a constant-amplitude and same-phase power division network to feed the digital phase control unit, adjusts the radiation phase of the digital phase control unit by utilizing a digital control device, and adjusts the bias voltages of different digital phase control units according to the initial rotation angle of the digital phase control unit and a beam scanning algorithm so as to realize beam scanning. The digital phased array surface, the radio frequency power division network, the direct current feed network and the digital control circuit are integrated on a multilayer printed board, an independent air feed source is not needed, high integration can be realized, and the digital phased array surface radio frequency power division network radio frequency power division system has the advantages of high beam scanning speed, low cost, low power consumption, low profile, easiness in conformal operation, simplicity in feed network and the like.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The zero grating lobe planar phased array antenna based on the 1-bit digital phase control technology is characterized by comprising n multiplied by m digital phase control units (100), wherein the initial rotation angles of the digital phase control units (100) are different, and the initial rotation angle distribution function is random distribution;
the digital phase control unit (100) comprises a metal patch layer (1), a first dielectric plate (2), a first metal ground (3), a second dielectric plate (4), a direct current feed layer (5), a third dielectric plate (6), a second metal ground (7), a fourth dielectric plate (8) and a power division network layer (9) from top to bottom; wherein, the metal patch layer (1) is connected with the power division network layer (9) through a first metal via hole (90);
the first metal via hole (90) is electrically isolated from the first metal ground (3) and the second metal ground (7);
the metal patch layer (1) is composed of a first digital control device (10), a second digital control device (11), a corner-cut square metal patch (12), a corner-cut annular metal patch (13) and a serpentine metal wire (14);
wherein, two ends of the first digital control device (10) and the second digital control device (11) are respectively connected with a corner-cut square metal patch (12) and a corner-cut annular metal patch (13); one end of the serpentine metal wire (14) is connected with the corner-cut annular metal patch (13), and the other end of the serpentine metal wire is connected with the first metal ground (3) through the second metal via hole (20);
the first digital control device (10) and the second digital control device (11) are one of a PIN diode, a varactor and an MEMS switch;
the positive electrode of the first digital control device (10) is connected with the corner-cut square metal patch (12), and the negative electrode is connected with the corner-cut annular metal patch (13); the positive electrode of the second digital control device (11) is connected with the corner-cut annular metal patch (13), and the negative electrode is connected with the corner-cut square metal patch (12);
the first digital control device (10) and the second digital control device (11) are in an on state at the same time, and only one digital control device is in an off state.
2. The zero grating lobe planar phased array antenna of claim 1, wherein the digital phased array antenna (100) is a circular polarized digital phased array antenna with arbitrary center feed, the circular polarized digital phased array antenna comprising left hand circular polarization and right hand circular polarization.
3. The zero-grating planar phased array antenna of claim 1, wherein the dc feed layer (5) is comprised of a straight wire (51) and a fan-shaped metal stub (50), the fan-shaped metal stub (50) being flanked by the straight wire (51), and the straight wire (51) being connected to a first metal via (90).
4. A zero grating lobe planar phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterised in that the power dividing network layer (9) is formed by a number of power dividing network branches (91), the power dividing network branches (91) being connected to the corner cut square metal patches (12) by means of the first metal vias (90).
5. A zero grating lobe planar phased array antenna as claimed in claim 4 characterised in that each power dividing network leg (91) in the power dividing network layer (9) is a feed leg for a constant amplitude in phase feed.
6. A zero grating lobe planar phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterised in that the material used for the first dielectric plate (2), the second dielectric plate (4), the third dielectric plate (6) and the fourth dielectric plate (8) is TSM-DS3.
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