CN114587577A - Device for laser ablation - Google Patents
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- CN114587577A CN114587577A CN202210208765.9A CN202210208765A CN114587577A CN 114587577 A CN114587577 A CN 114587577A CN 202210208765 A CN202210208765 A CN 202210208765A CN 114587577 A CN114587577 A CN 114587577A
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
- A61B18/20—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser
- A61B18/22—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser the beam being directed along or through a flexible conduit, e.g. an optical fibre; Couplings or hand-pieces therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
- A61B18/20—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser
- A61B18/22—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser the beam being directed along or through a flexible conduit, e.g. an optical fibre; Couplings or hand-pieces therefor
- A61B18/24—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser the beam being directed along or through a flexible conduit, e.g. an optical fibre; Couplings or hand-pieces therefor with a catheter
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00571—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for achieving a particular surgical effect
- A61B2018/00577—Ablation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
- A61B18/20—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser
- A61B18/22—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser the beam being directed along or through a flexible conduit, e.g. an optical fibre; Couplings or hand-pieces therefor
- A61B2018/2205—Characteristics of fibres
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
- A61B18/20—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser
- A61B18/22—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser the beam being directed along or through a flexible conduit, e.g. an optical fibre; Couplings or hand-pieces therefor
- A61B2018/2255—Optical elements at the distal end of probe tips
- A61B2018/2261—Optical elements at the distal end of probe tips with scattering, diffusion or dispersion of light
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
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- Laser Surgery Devices (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a device for laser ablation and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the device for laser ablation comprises a quartz glass optical fiber and a quartz glass scattering head, and in some cases also comprises a joint and/or a sleeve, wherein the quartz glass optical fiber and the quartz glass scattering head are connected through discharge welding, and the quartz glass scattering head is a quartz glass structure containing scattering particles. Through discharge welding, the device for laser ablation has high structural strength, and through the structural design of the quartz glass scattering head, the laser scattered along the radial direction has relatively consistent strength.
Description
The application is a divisional application of Chinese patent application with the application number of 201810633280.8, namely a device for laser ablation, which is filed in 2018, 6 and 19.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medical equipment, in particular to a device for laser ablation.
Background
The research on laser ablation for treating diseases such as tumor and epilepsy has been advanced greatly since the 80 s of the 20 th century. People continuously research and improve the laser emitting mode, from direct emitting to directional reflection, and then to gradually expand the range through optical modes such as a lens and the like. Although a directional reflection fiber optic probe has great utility in accurate ablation, a too small ablation range has been an inevitable disadvantage.
In recent years, there have been efforts directed toward the objective of making laser light radially outwardly, such as a scattering fiber probe in which a radial light-emitting region is formed at the end of an optical fiber using a chemically etched cladding; the scattering fiber probe and the like are formed by machining spiral grooves on the cladding of the fiber end. However, the scattering region is formed on the fiber housing by chemical etching or mechanical methods, which affects the structural consistency of the fiber, and usually cannot form scattering light in an ideal range, so as to achieve a more ideal uniform ablation effect.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a device for laser ablation, which has a simple structural design, a strong structural strength, a simple production process, a small diameter, and a relatively uniform intensity of laser light scattered in an axial direction. Methods of making devices for laser ablation are also provided.
In one aspect, the present invention provides a device for laser ablation comprising: quartz glass optical fiber and quartz glass scattering head; the far end of the quartz glass optical fiber is connected with the near end of the quartz glass scattering head through discharge welding, and the quartz glass scattering head is of a quartz glass structure containing scattering particles.
According to a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a device for laser ablation, wherein the scattering particles in the quartz glass scattering head are homogeneously distributed.
According to another preferred embodiment, the invention provides a device for laser ablation, wherein the concentration of scattering particles in the quartz glass scattering head varies from the proximal end to the distal end along the axis. Further, the scattering particles are also different in size, and become larger or smaller from the proximal end to the distal end, and the larger or smaller may be gradual or stepwise.
Any of the devices for laser ablation described in the previous paragraphs, wherein the scattering particles in the quartz glass scattering head are selected from any of: gas bubbles, solid scattering particles, both gas bubbles and solid scattering particles. In some embodiments, some portions of the quartz glass scattering head may contain only bubbles or solid scattering particles, while other portions may contain both bubbles and solid scattering particles.
Still further, in the device for laser ablation provided by the present invention, the gas in the bubbles is selected from any one of: air, nitrogen and helium; the solid scattering particles are selected from any one of: metal particles having a melting point higher than that of the silica particles, metal oxide particles having a melting point higher than that of the silica particles, and mixtures thereof. More specifically, the solid scattering particles are selected from any one of: zirconium dioxide particles, titanium dioxide particles, and mixtures of zirconium dioxide particles and titanium dioxide particles.
According to a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a device for laser ablation, wherein a distal end of a quartz glass scattering head is connected with a cone-shaped light-transmitting quartz glass material.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a device for laser ablation further comprising a connector for connection to a laser generator, the connector being any suitable connector.
Further, the device for laser ablation provided by the invention also comprises a sleeve. In some embodiments, the sleeve is a single layer sleeve; in other embodiments, the jacket is a multi-layer cooling jacket; the material of the sleeve is selected from any one of the following materials: polycarbonate (polycarbonate), polyurethane (polyurethane), polyethylene, polypropylene, silicone, nylon, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), ABS plastic (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene), polyethylene succinate (PES), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP).
According to a preferred embodiment, in the device for laser ablation provided by the present invention, the coolant in the cooling jacket may be liquid or gas, preferably using physiological saline as the coolant.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a device for laser ablation comprising a silica glass fiber, a silica glass scattering head, a joint and a sleeve.
In one embodiment, the invention provides a device for laser ablation, wherein the quartz glass scattering head consists of at least two parts containing scattering particles in different concentrations, and the different parts are connected by means of electric discharge welding.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a device for laser ablation, wherein the quartz glass scattering head consists of two parts containing scattering particles in different concentrations.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a device for laser ablation, wherein the quartz glass scattering head consists of three parts containing different concentrations of scattering particles.
In another preferred embodiment, the invention provides a device for laser ablation, wherein the quartz glass scattering head consists of three parts containing different concentrations of scattering particles, and the different parts are connected by electric discharge welding, wherein the scattering particles of the third part are bubbles, the scattering particles of the second part are bubbles and solid scattering particles, and the scattering particles of the first part are solid scattering particles. Further, in some embodiments, the concentration of scattering particles in the third portion is less than the concentration of scattering particles in the second portion, which is less than the concentration of scattering particles in the first portion. In some embodiments, the present invention provides a device for laser ablation that omits one of the first, second, and third portions.
In another preferred embodiment, the invention provides a device for laser ablation, wherein the quartz glass scattering head consists of three sections containing scattering particles of different sizes, the different sections being connected by electrical discharge welding, wherein the mean diameter of the bubbles of the third section is larger than the mean diameter of the bubbles of the second section, the diameter of the bubbles of the second section is larger than the diameter of the bubbles of the first section, the proximal end of the third section is connected to a quartz glass fiber, the distal end of the third section is connected to the proximal end of the second section, and the distal end of the second section is connected to the proximal end of the first section.
In a further preferred embodiment, the invention provides a device for laser ablation, wherein the quartz glass scattering head consists of three sections containing scattering particles of different sizes, the different sections being connected by electrical discharge welding, wherein the mean diameter of the solid scattering particles of the third section is smaller than the mean diameter of the solid scattering particles of the second section, the mean diameter of the solid scattering particles of the second section is smaller than the mean diameter of the solid scattering particles of the first section, the proximal end of the third section is connected to a quartz glass fiber, the distal end of the third section is connected to the proximal end of the second section, and the distal end of the second section is connected to the proximal end of the first section.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a device for laser ablation comprising a silica glass fiber, a silica glass sleeve, a gel containing scattering particles; the silica glass sleeve is connected with the cladding of the silica glass optical fiber through discharge welding, the inner diameter of the silica glass sleeve is not smaller than the outer diameter of the cladding of the silica glass optical fiber, and the gel containing scattering particles is positioned in a cylindrical cavity formed after the silica glass sleeve is connected with the cladding of the silica glass optical fiber.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides the device for laser ablation of the second aspect, wherein the concentration of scattering particles in the gel varies from the proximal end to the distal end along the axis. Further, in a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides the device for laser ablation of the second aspect, wherein the gel is divided into a third portion, a second portion and a first portion from the proximal end to the distal end in accordance with the concentration of the scattering particles, the concentration of the scattering particles in the third portion being smaller than the concentration of the scattering particles in the second portion, the concentration of the scattering particles in the second portion being smaller than the concentration of the scattering particles in the first portion.
In another preferred embodiment, the present invention provides the device for laser ablation of the second aspect, further comprising a joint. In another preferred embodiment, the present invention provides the device for laser ablation of the second aspect, further comprising a cannula. In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides the device for laser ablation of the second aspect, further comprising a cannula and a connector. Further, the sleeve may be a single layer sleeve or a cooling sleeve.
The device for laser ablation described hereinbefore is particularly suitable for operations carried out in the brain. The optical fiber is particularly suitable for transmitting infrared light and is compatible with magnetic resonance imaging. In certain embodiments, the structure of the optical fiber may have a protective layer, such as a plastic protective layer, in addition to the core, cladding, coating, etc. described, as part of the device for laser ablation of the present invention.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a method of manufacturing the device for laser ablation described in the first aspect, comprising:
manufacturing a quartz glass scattering head and flattening the near end of the quartz glass scattering head by using a cutting knife, wherein when the quartz glass scattering head comprises more than one part containing scattering particles with different concentrations, each part of the quartz glass scattering head is manufactured independently, two ends of different parts of the quartz glass scattering head are flattened by using the cutting knife, and the quartz glass scattering head is connected by using electric discharge welding according to a preset sequence to form the quartz glass scattering head, and then the near end of the quartz glass scattering head is flattened;
cutting the far end of the quartz glass optical fiber flat by a cutter;
aligning the center of the far end of the cut-flat quartz glass optical fiber with the center of the near end of the cut-flat quartz glass scattering head part, and performing discharge welding through arc discharge;
in the case that the device for laser ablation further comprises a connector, adding the connector at the other end of the optical fiber;
in case the device for laser ablation further comprises a joint and a sleeve, further comprising a silica glass fiber and an outer add-on sleeve of the silica glass scattering head part.
In the method, there is no strict sequence, for example, when the quartz glass scattering head has at least two parts, no matter the connection between the parts is firstly carried out, and then the connection between the quartz glass scattering head and the quartz glass optical fiber is carried out; or one part of the quartz glass scattering head is firstly connected with the quartz glass optical fiber, and then the other parts of the quartz glass scattering head are sequentially connected, so that the method can be realized, and the required device can be obtained. The far end and the near end are described relative to the far end and the near end of the laser after the device is configured, any one end of the optical fiber and the homogeneous quartz glass scattering head can be used as the near end, the other end of the optical fiber and the homogeneous quartz glass scattering head can be used as the far end, and the near end and the far end of the heterogeneous quartz glass scattering head are fixed.
The quartz glass scattering head can be made by a variety of other methods, one of which is to make a quartz glass precursor containing a desired concentration of scattering particles and then cut a quartz glass scattering head or a portion of a quartz glass scattering head therefrom. Another method is to obtain the quartz glass diffuser or a part of the quartz glass diffuser directly by melting silica grains of suitable shape and volume size, which may be doped with a certain concentration of scattering particles as required. Another method is to make a mold, add silica soot powder doped with scattering particles of different concentrations in a predetermined order and volume, and then melt by heating to directly form a scattering head of quartz glass containing different portions.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a method of manufacturing the device for laser ablation described in the second aspect, comprising:
stripping off the part of one end of the quartz glass optical fiber outside a section of the cladding to expose the cladding;
sleeving a quartz glass sleeve with the inner diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the cladding outside the cladding, wherein the length of the quartz glass sleeve is larger than that of the exposed cladding;
the cladding and the quartz glass sleeve are welded into a whole through discharge welding, and a part of the quartz glass sleeve forms an incompletely-closed cavity;
injecting liquid gel containing scattering particles into the cavity; the liquid gel solidifies to form the device for laser ablation.
When a plurality of gel parts with different concentrations of scattering particles are provided, the gel parts with different concentrations of scattering particles can be sequentially injected into the cavity, and the required device can be obtained after the gel parts are solidified.
Advantages of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following:
1. bubbles or bubbles and solid particles are used as scattering particles, so that the processing difficulty is reduced, and the scattering uniformity is improved;
2. the fusion welding is used for connection, and the diameter of the quartz glass scattering head is smaller than or equal to that of the optical fiber by combining with the quartz material, so that the outer diameter of the ablation optical fiber is greatly reduced, and the wound on a human body or tissue during use is reduced;
3. compared with gel, the quartz glass scattering head has much higher temperature tolerance and much smaller volume change when transmitting laser ablation tissues, can be used for a longer time, and reduces the safety risk caused by thermal expansion of the gel.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts. The structures in the drawings are merely exemplary and not true to scale, which may vary from true to true for ease of understanding. Some non-essential parts of some of the figures have been omitted, for example, in some fibres there may also be a protective layer, which in some of the figures is not shown.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus for laser ablation provided according to an embodiment of the present invention, an exemplary apparatus for laser ablation 10 includes a joint 11, a silica glass fiber 12, and a silica glass scattering head 13;
FIG. 2 is a partial schematic view of an apparatus for laser ablation provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a portion 20 of an exemplary apparatus for laser ablation showing a core 21, a cladding 22, a coating 23, a silica glass scattering head 24, scattering particles 25;
FIG. 3 is a partial schematic view of an apparatus for laser ablation provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a portion 30 of an exemplary apparatus for laser ablation, showing a core 31, a cladding 32, a coating 33, a silica glass scattering head 34, scattering particles 35;
FIG. 4 is a partial schematic view of an apparatus for laser ablation, an exemplary partial section of an apparatus for laser ablation 40, showing a core 41, a cladding 42, a coating 43, a silica glass dispensing tip 44, a first portion 45, a second portion 46, and a third portion 47 of the silica glass dispensing tip, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a partial schematic view of an apparatus for laser ablation, a portion 50 of an exemplary apparatus for laser ablation showing a core 51, a cladding 52, a coating 53, a silica glass dispensing tip 54, a first portion 55, a second portion 56, and a third portion 57 of the silica glass dispensing tip, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a partial schematic view of an apparatus for laser ablation, a portion 60 of an exemplary apparatus for laser ablation, showing a core 61, a cladding 62, a coating 63, a silica glass dispensing tip 64, a first portion 67 of the silica glass dispensing tip, a second portion 68, a third portion 69, a tapered transparent silica glass 65, a single-layer sleeve 66, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a partial schematic view of an apparatus for laser ablation provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, an exemplary portion 70 of the apparatus for laser ablation showing a core 71, a cladding 72, a coating 73, a silica glass dispensing tip 74, a first portion 76 of the silica glass dispensing tip, a second portion 77, a third portion 78, a tapered transparent silica glass 75, and three cross-sections at locations A-A, B-B and C-C;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of an apparatus for laser ablation provided with a multi-layered cooling jacket according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing an apparatus for laser ablation 80 having a silica glass optical fiber 81, an inlet assembly 82, an outlet assembly 83, a cooling jacket inner tube 84, a cooling jacket outer tube 86, a silica glass scattering head 85, an outlet 87, and an inlet 88.
FIG. 9 is a partial schematic view of a portion 90 of an exemplary apparatus for laser ablation showing a core 91, a cladding 92, a coating and protective layer 93, a silica glass sleeve 94, a first portion of a gel 95 containing scattering particles, a second portion of a gel 96 containing scattering particles, and a third portion of a gel 97 containing scattering particles, and further showing cross-sectional views at locations A-A, B-B, C-C and D-D, in accordance with another aspect of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Defining:
the terms used herein have scientific meanings commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art, but in order to more clearly describe the present invention, the meanings of some words are defined below, and if conflicting with definitions outside the present text, the definitions herein shall control.
Proximal end: the proximal end is referred to herein as the end of the device for laser ablation, the entire device, the silica glass fiber, the silica glass scattering head, etc., which is relatively close to the laser generator after being operatively connected to the laser generator.
A far end: the distal end is referred to as the end of the device for laser ablation, which is relatively far away from the laser generator after being connected with the laser generator in the working state in the context of the whole device, the silica glass optical fiber, the silica glass scattering head and the like.
Silica glass fiber: the core and cladding portions are composed primarily of silica, are suitable for transmission of electromagnetic waves (particularly infrared), are suitable for discharge welding, and are compatible with magnetic resonance optical fibers.
Quartz glass: glasses, which are composed primarily of silica, may be doped with bubbles, solid scattering particles, etc., and are compatible with magnetic resonance imaging.
The first embodiment is as follows:
referring to fig. 1 and 2, fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a device for laser ablation according to an embodiment of the present invention, the device for laser ablation 10 comprises a joint 11, a silica glass fiber 12 and a silica glass scattering head 13, and shows an enlarged view of a part I, the diameter of the silica glass scattering head being greater than or equal to the diameter of the silica glass fiber core, preferably greater than or equal to the outer diameter of the silica glass fiber cladding. The concentration of the scattering particles in the quartz glass scattering head can be distributed in the same concentration or in different concentrations in the axial direction. The shape of the connector 11 is merely illustrative and any structure that can be connected to a laser generator is possible, and in some embodiments the connector 11 may not be present as part of the apparatus of the present invention, i.e. the apparatus of the present invention comprises only silica glass fibers and silica glass scattering heads. The lengths of the silica glass fiber 12 and the silica glass scattering head 13 can be adjusted as necessary.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a specific example of the part I in the axial direction, in which a bubble is contained in the quartz glass scattering head 24. The interface A-A shows the cylindrical structure of the quartz glass scattering head. The scattering particles doped with quartz glass scattering head are gasesAt bubble time, due to refractive index n of quartz glass1Refractive index n greater than air2When the incident angle on the interface is large sin-1(n2/n1) When the optical fiber emits all emission, less than sin-1(n2/n1) The laser light continues to propagate forward, creating an axially extending radial light scatter. The gas in the bubbles is determined by the gas atmosphere during the processing of the quartz glass scattering head, for example, air in the air atmosphere, hydrogen in the hydrogen atmosphere, and nitrogen in the nitrogen atmosphere.
Example two:
referring to fig. 1 and 3, the structure description in fig. 1 is the same as that in embodiment 1, and will not be repeated, and fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of another specific example of the local part I along the axial direction, showing a fiber core 31, a cladding 32, a coating layer 33, a quartz glass scattering head 34, and scattering particles 35, wherein the scattering particles 35 are solid scattering particles, and can be any metal particles with a melting point higher than that of silica particles or metal oxide particles with a melting point higher than that of silica particles, and a mixture thereof, such as titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, and a mixture thereof.
Example three:
referring to fig. 1 and 4, the description of the structure in fig. 1 is the same as that in embodiment 1 and will not be repeated, and fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of another example of the part I in the axial direction, showing a core 41, a cladding 42, a coating layer 43, a silica glass diffusion head 44, a first portion 45, a second portion 46, and a third portion 47 of the silica glass diffusion head; this example demonstrates the difference in the concentration of scattering particles in the first, second and third portions containing a single scattering particle, since the laser light decreases with increasing transmission distance in the axial direction, and therefore the concentration of scattering particles needs to be adjusted to balance the intensity variation of the laser light scattering in the axial direction. The concentration of scattering particles in the three portions may vary exponentially, for example the concentration of scattering particles in the first portion 45: concentration of scattering particles of the second portion 46: the scattering particle concentration of the third portion 47 is 4:2:1, the scattering particle concentration of the first portion 45: concentration of scattering particles of the second portion 46: the third portion 47 has a concentration of scattering particles of 9:3:1, etc. The lengths of the first portion, the second portion and the third portion can also be adjusted according to actual conditions, and generally, the length of the first portion is smaller than that of the second portion, and the length of the second portion is smaller than that of the third portion, for example, the length of the first portion: length of second portion: length of the third portion is 1:3:6, length of the first portion: length of the second portion: the length of the third portion is 2:5:13, etc. The parallel arrows in fig. 4 show the situation in which, in the ideal case, the laser light transmitted by the silica glass fiber is emitted approximately uniformly in the radial direction through 360 ° after passing through the silica glass scattering head. The scattering particles can be selected from air bubbles or solid scattering particles according to actual needs, or the air bubbles and the solid scattering particles exist simultaneously.
The scattering particles may vary not only in distribution density but also in size, although the scattering particles in fig. 4 are not different in diameter, it is understood that the average diameters of the scattering particles in the first, second and third portions may be different. For example, in the case of bubbles, the average diameter of the bubbles in the third section 47 is greater than the average diameter of the bubbles in the second section 46, which is greater than the average diameter of the bubbles in the first section. For example, in one example, the average diameter of the bubbles of the first portion: average diameter of bubbles of the second portion: the average diameter of the bubbles in the third portion was 1:2: 3.
Example four:
referring to fig. 1 and 5, the description of the structure in fig. 1 is the same as that in embodiment 1 and will not be repeated, and fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of another example of the part I in the axial direction, showing a core 51, a cladding 52, a coating layer 53, a silica glass diffusion head 54, a first portion 55, a second portion 56, and a third portion 57 of the silica glass diffusion head; which represents an example containing more than one type of scattering particles. Generally, the bubble has a light scattering power weaker than that of the solid scattering particles and a light transmitting power stronger than that of the solid scattering particles, and in consideration of a process in which the intensity of the laser light is gradually reduced along the axis from the proximal end to the distal end of the quartz glass scattering head (i.e., from the third portion to the first portion via the second portion), the scattering particles in the proximal end (the third portion 57) are set as the bubble, the scattering particles in the second portion 56 are set as the bubble and the solid scattering particles, and the scattering particles in the third portion 55 are set as the solid scattering particles. The density of the scattering particles, and the ratio of the lengths of the different portions, can be found in the description of example three.
Example five:
referring to fig. 1 and 6, the structure of fig. 1 is described as the same as that of embodiment 1, but the jacket is not shown, and fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of another specific example of the section I in the axial direction, showing a core 61, a cladding 62, a coating layer 63, a silica glass diffusing head 64, a first portion 67, a second portion 68, a third portion 69 of the silica glass diffusing head, a tapered light-transmitting silica glass 65, and a single-layer jacket 66; the single-layer sleeve is convenient to assemble, the inner diameter and the wall thickness of the single-layer sleeve are both as small as possible so as to reduce the wound caused by puncture, the single-layer sleeve 66 can be made of a medical material with good light transmittance and capable of directly contacting with tissues, and when the material hardness of the single-layer sleeve is large enough, puncture can be directly carried out without guide wire guiding. The material of the sleeve is selected from any one of the following materials: polycarbonate, polyurethane, polyethylene, polypropylene, silicone, nylon, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polytetrafluoroethylene, ABS plastic, polyethylene succinate, polyether ether ketone and fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer.
Example six:
referring to fig. 1 and 7, the structure of fig. 1 is described as in embodiment 1, fig. 7 is a sectional view of another example of the portion I in the axial direction, showing a core 71, a cladding 72, a coating layer 73, a silica glass scattering head 74, a first portion 76, a second portion 77, a third portion 78 of the silica glass scattering head, a cone-shaped light-transmitting silica glass 75, and three sections a-a, B-B, and C-C showing that the silica glass scattering head is cylindrical and the distribution density of scattering particles is gradually increased in the axial direction; in some cases where a quartz glass scattering head can be used directly without cannula protection or cooling, a tapered transparent quartz glass 75 can facilitate the device of the present invention into the target site. The quartz glass scattering head is cylindrical to achieve the most uniform scattering effect, and the cross section of the quartz glass scattering head can be in other shapes (such as an ellipse, a polygon and the like) as long as the cross section can completely cover the area of the core of the quartz glass optical fiber and is suitable for performing discharge welding.
Example seven:
referring to fig. 8, there is depicted an apparatus 80 for laser ablation with a cooling jacket according to an embodiment of the present invention having a silica glass optical fiber 81, an inlet assembly 82, an outlet assembly 83, a cooling jacket inner tube 84, a cooling jacket outer tube 86, a silica glass scattering head 85, an outlet 87, and an inlet 88. When the quartz glass scattering head is used for a long time, the temperature of the quartz glass scattering head is too high due to laser scattering, and adverse conditions such as surrounding tissue carbonization can occur. The coolant may be a gas or a liquid, preferably physiological saline. The arrows in the figure show one direction of flow of the coolant. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the inlet and outlet may be used interchangeably, i.e., inlet 88 is the outlet, while outlet 87 is the inlet.
The material of the sleeve is selected from any one of the following materials: polycarbonate, polyurethane, polyethylene, polypropylene, silicone, nylon, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polytetrafluoroethylene, ABS plastic, polyethylene succinate, polyether ether ketone and fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer.
Example eight:
referring to fig. 9, describing one embodiment of another aspect of the present invention, an apparatus for laser ablation according to an example includes a silica glass optical fiber, a silica glass sleeve, and a gel containing scattering particles, most of the silica glass optical fiber is omitted for simplicity, and the connection of the silica glass optical fiber and the silica glass sleeve is enlarged to illustrate the structural details. Specifically shown in FIG. 9 are a cross-sectional view of a portion 90 of an exemplary apparatus for laser ablation, a core 91, a cladding 92, a coating and protective layer 93, a silica glass sleeve 94, a first portion of scattering particle-containing gel 95, a second portion of scattering particle-containing gel 96, a third portion of scattering particle-containing gel 97, and four locations A-A, B-B, C-C and D-D. The cladding 92 is exposed except for a portion of the cladding of a distal end of the silica glass optical fiber, and then the silica glass sleeve 94 and the exposed cladding 92 are subjected to discharge fusion splicing, the fusion splicing position being indicated by a thick black line in the drawing. The cross-sections a-A, B-B, C-C and D-D show that the interface shape of the quartz glass sleeve is circular and that the concentration of scattering particles in the gel in the cavity of the quartz glass sleeve increases from the proximal end to the distal end, e.g. the concentration of scattering particles in the first portion 45: concentration of scattering particles of the second portion 46: the scattering particle concentration of the third portion 47 is 4:2:1, the scattering particle concentration of the first portion 45: concentration of scattering particles of the second portion 46: the third portion 47 has a concentration of scattering particles of 9:3:1, etc.
Example nine:
the device for laser ablation described in example 6 was fabricated.
Manufacturing a quartz glass scattering head; taking a quartz glass scattering head comprising three parts as an example, a quartz glass scattering head third part having a desired shape and volume, for example, a length of 60 mm and a diameter of 400 μm, can be cut from a quartz glass preform containing bubbles by using silica particles having a suitable size, performing pre-compression in an air atmosphere to obtain a suitable gas volume ratio, for example, about 5%, and then performing temperature-raising melting. Quartz glass precursors are also commercially available. The basic method for producing the second part of the quartz glass scattering head is as above, but it is necessary to incorporate uniformly into the silica particles the solid scattering particles in the desired proportion, for example 50mg of zirconia per cubic centimeter, with a particle diameter of between 20 and 80 nm, preferably about 50 nm. Then, a first part of the scattering head of quartz glass is produced, the silica particles are uniformly doped with solid scattering particles, for example, 200mg of zirconia particles per cubic centimeter, and the silica particles are preliminarily compressed in an atmosphere of hydrogen or helium gas and then melted at elevated temperature to form a quartz glass preform substantially free of bubbles, and then the first part of the scattering head of quartz glass is formed by cutting as described above. And then welding the three parts of the quartz glass scattering head by electric discharge welding, taking the welding process of the first part and the second part of the quartz glass scattering head as an example, fixing the first part and the second part by vacuum adsorption, respectively fixing the first part and the second part of the quartz glass scattering head by a clamp, imaging the side surfaces of the two parts by using a side imaging axial method, carrying out image processing, and controlling the translation and rotation of the optical fiber by a precise motor system so as to achieve the alignment before welding. Then, the cleaning discharge is carried out to carry out dust removal treatment on the two end faces, then, the pre-discharge is carried out to preheat and shape the end faces, and finally, the first part moves axially in the main discharge environment to complete the welding of the two parts.
When the scattering head is made of a uniform material, the quartz glass preform is manufactured as described above, and then the desired scattering head is obtained by cutting the preform directly.
Selecting a proper quartz glass optical fiber, cutting one end by using a cutting knife to obtain a flush port, and then carrying out discharge welding with a quartz glass scattering head, wherein the specific alignment and welding process is as described above. The diameter of the quartz glass scattering head is larger than that of the fiber core.
And adding a joint to the other end of the quartz glass optical fiber, wherein the joint can be any joint capable of being connected with a laser transmitter.
In some embodiments, a sleeve is added on the outside of the quartz glass optical fiber corresponding to the quartz glass scattering head, the sleeve can be a single layer and is only used for providing protection, and can also be a multi-layer cooling sleeve, and the quartz glass scattering head is cooled by providing a coolant during the use process. The coolant may be a liquid, such as saline, or a gas, such as carbon dioxide, or the like.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that although a three-part quartz glass diffuser is used in the present example, more or fewer parts of a quartz glass diffuser and methods of making the same are also encompassed by the present invention.
Example ten:
yet another method of making the device for laser ablation described in example 6. The method of this example is substantially the same as the method of example nine, but a quartz glass scattering head is obtained in a different manner.
Making a mold of the desired size and shape, for example a mold with a cylindrical cavity of 400 μm diameter and 100 mm length, and then placing the long axis of the mold perpendicular to the ground, first adding silica soot powder (amorphous particles of silica, typically 0.5 to 3 nm in diameter) containing less scattering particles, for example 50mg of zirconia particles per gram of silica soot powder, the particles having a diameter between 20 and 80 nm, preferably about 50 nm, and a height of up to 60 mm; then, filling the mixture with 100mg of zirconium dioxide particles mixed in per gram of silicon dioxide soot powder, wherein the diameter of the zirconium dioxide particles is about 50 nanometers, and the filling height is up to 90 millimeters; finally, the filler containing the scattering particles in a higher concentration was refilled, i.e. a mixture of 200mg of zirconium dioxide particles per gram of silica soot powder, the diameter of the zirconium dioxide particles being approximately 50 nm, filling the mould volume. Then heating and melting are carried out, thus forming the required quartz glass scattering head. The silica soot powder may be replaced by quartz sand. The zirconium dioxide can also be replaced by titanium dioxide particles, or a mixture of zirconium dioxide particles and titanium dioxide particles.
Example twelve:
another method of making the device for laser ablation described in example 6. The method of this example is substantially the same as the method of example nine, but a quartz glass scattering head is obtained in a different manner.
A mold of a desired size and shape, for example, a mold having a cylindrical cavity with a diameter of 400 μm and a length of 60 mm, is manufactured, and then silica particles are filled therein, and the mold is heated so that the silica particles are melted to form a desired silica glass scattering head or a portion of the silica glass scattering head. Taking the quartz glass scattering head containing three parts as an example, the third part of the quartz glass scattering head containing bubbles is formed by directly adding silica particles and heating and melting. A second part of the scattering head of quartz glass is then produced in a similar way using a second mould with a cylindrical cavity having a diameter of 400 μm and a length of 30 mm and silica particles homogeneously doped with solid scattering particles. And finally, filling silica particles or silica soot powder which is uniformly doped with solid scattering particles into the third mold with a cylindrical cavity with the diameter of 400 microns and the length of 10 millimeters in a hydrogen atmosphere, and heating and melting to form the third part of the quartz glass scattering head. It should be understood that the three sections are only illustrated as exemplary, and that two or more sections of quartz glass scattering heads may be made in this way.
Example twelve:
the device for laser ablation described in example 8 was fabricated.
Selecting a proper silica glass fiber, taking the silica glass fiber with the fiber core diameter of 400 microns and the cladding outer diameter of 440 microns as an example, removing all parts except the cladding on the length of 5 mm at one end of the silica glass fiber, wherein the cladding outer diameter is 440 microns, and a silica glass sleeve with the inner diameter of 440.5 microns and the outer diameter of 650 microns is accurately sleeved outside the fiber cladding by utilizing laser alignment, and then performing discharge electric fusion on the contact surface of the silica glass sleeve and the cladding by using electric arc, and referring to fig. 9, the fusion welding interface is represented by a black thickened line. Taking the example of a 15 mm long quartz glass sleeve, the length of the fusion interface is 5 mm, leaving a cylindrical cavity with a length of 10 mm and a diameter of 440 μm.
Then preparing gel solutions containing different concentrations of scattering particles, taking an epoxy resin adhesive containing titanium dioxide solid particles as an example, adding titanium dioxide particles with the diameter of about 50 nanometers in the ratio of 50mg/ml, 100mg/ml and 200mg/ml in the liquid state of the epoxy resin adhesive to obtain three gel solutions containing different concentrations of scattering particles, namely a first gel solution, a second gel solution and a third gel solution. Carefully injecting the first gel solution into the first half of the cavity, approximately 5 to 6 mm in length, using a 32G dispensing needle; then using a 32G dispensing needle head to inject a second gel solution with the thickness of about 3 mm; and finally, injecting a third gel solution with the thickness of 1-2 mm into a 32G dispensing needle to fill the cavity. The titanium dioxide particles can also be replaced by zirconium dioxide particles or a mixture of zirconium dioxide particles and titanium dioxide particles.
After standing for half an hour at room temperature, the epoxy resin glue is solidified to obtain the desired scattering head.
And then adding a joint at the other end of the quartz glass optical fiber. In some cases, a cooling jacket is finally added outside the silica glass fiber and the silica glass jacket.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, which are used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: those skilled in the art can still make modifications or changes to the embodiments described in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some features, within the scope of the disclosure; such modifications, changes or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included therein. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. Apparatus for laser ablation, comprising: quartz glass optical fiber and quartz glass scattering head; the far end of the quartz glass optical fiber is connected with the near end of the quartz glass scattering head through electric discharge welding, the quartz glass scattering head is of a quartz glass structure containing scattering particles, and the scattering particles are bubbles or bubbles and solid scattering particles; the diameter of the quartz glass scattering head is larger than or equal to the diameter of the quartz glass optical fiber core and smaller than or equal to the diameter of the quartz glass optical fiber cladding.
2. The device for laser ablation according to claim 1, wherein scattering particles in the quartz glass scattering head are uniformly distributed.
3. The device for laser ablation according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of scattering particles in the quartz glass scattering head varies from proximal to distal along the axis.
4. The device for laser ablation of claim 1, further comprising a sleeve, the sleeve being a single layer sleeve or a multi-layer cooling sleeve.
5. The device for laser ablation according to claim 1, the gas in the bubbles being selected from any one of: air, nitrogen and helium; the solid scattering particles are selected from any one of the following: metal particles having a melting point above 1750 ℃, metal oxide particles having a melting point above 1750 ℃, and mixtures thereof.
6. The device for laser ablation according to claim 5, wherein the solid scattering particles are selected from any one of: zirconium dioxide particles, titanium dioxide particles, and mixtures thereof.
7. Device for laser ablation according to claim 1, characterized in that the quartz glass scattering head consists of at least two parts containing scattering particles in different concentrations, the different parts being connected by means of electric discharge welding.
8. The device for laser ablation according to claim 7, wherein the quartz glass scattering head is composed of three parts containing scattering particles with different concentrations, and the different parts are connected through electric discharge welding, wherein the scattering particles of the third part are bubbles, the scattering particles of the second part are bubbles and solid scattering particles, and the scattering particles of the first part are solid scattering particles.
9. The device for laser ablation of claim 8, wherein a concentration of scattering particles in the third portion is less than a concentration of scattering particles in the second portion, which is less than a concentration of scattering particles in the first portion.
10. A method of manufacturing a device for laser ablation according to any of claims 1-9, comprising:
manufacturing a quartz glass scattering head and flattening the near end of the quartz glass scattering head by using a cutting knife, wherein when the quartz glass scattering head comprises more than one part containing scattering particles with different concentrations, each part of the quartz glass scattering head is manufactured independently, two ends of different parts of the quartz glass scattering head are flattened by using the cutting knife, and the quartz glass scattering head is connected by using electric discharge welding according to a preset sequence to form the quartz glass scattering head, and then the near end of the quartz glass scattering head is flattened;
cutting the far end of the quartz glass optical fiber flat by a cutter;
aligning the center of the far end of the cut-flat quartz glass optical fiber with the center of the near end of the cut-flat quartz glass scattering head part, and performing discharge welding through arc discharge;
where the device for laser ablation further comprises a connector, the method further comprises adding a connector at the proximal end of the optical fiber;
in case the device for laser ablation further comprises a connector and a sleeve, the method further comprises adding a connector at the other end of the optical fiber and adding a sleeve outside the silica glass optical fiber and silica glass diffuser head part.
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| CN115373077A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-11-22 | 江西麦帝施科技有限公司 | Optical fiber for diffusing laser |
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| CN113017825A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-06-25 | 华科精准（北京）医疗科技有限公司 | Device for laser interstitial thermotherapy system |
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| CN106033137A (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2016-10-19 | 武汉邮电科学研究院 | Quartz cladding large-power-transmission dispersion optical fiber and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN115373077A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-11-22 | 江西麦帝施科技有限公司 | Optical fiber for diffusing laser |
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