CN114567402A - Satellite-ground channel prediction method, device, equipment and storage medium - Google Patents
Satellite-ground channel prediction method, device, equipment and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN114567402A CN114567402A CN202210438989.9A CN202210438989A CN114567402A CN 114567402 A CN114567402 A CN 114567402A CN 202210438989 A CN202210438989 A CN 202210438989A CN 114567402 A CN114567402 A CN 114567402A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a satellite-ground channel prediction method, a satellite-ground channel prediction device, satellite-ground channel prediction equipment and a storage medium, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps that a sending end device obtains a channel quality actual value of an inter-satellite-ground communication channel between the sending end device and a receiving end device at the current prediction time, obtains channel quality actual values and inter-satellite-ground relative poses corresponding to a plurality of historical prediction times before the current prediction time, determines a channel attenuation model used at the current prediction time according to the channel quality actual values and the inter-satellite-ground relative poses corresponding to the historical prediction times, and determines a channel quality predicted value at the next prediction time according to the channel attenuation model and the channel quality actual value at the current prediction time. The channel attenuation model used at the current prediction moment is dynamically generated based on the historical channel quality situation before the current prediction moment, so that the channel attenuation model can be adapted to the dynamically changed channel situation, and the accuracy of a real-time channel quality prediction result is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a satellite-ground channel prediction method, apparatus, device, and storage medium.
Background
The low-orbit satellite communication provides a transmission channel required by internet application through the low-orbit satellite, has the characteristics of low delay, high throughput and the like, and becomes an emergency communication mode in some special scenes, such as earthquake and other disaster conditions, and offshore drilling and other scenes, and can be used for realizing communication.
Currently, an Adaptive Code and Modulation (ACM) technology is an important technical means for ensuring network service quality in the field of satellite communication, and can adaptively adjust uplink and downlink Modulation and coding modes for a terminal or a ground station according to channel quality, which is important for ensuring application experience. The ACM technique mainly includes two parts, namely a channel prediction technique and a modulation and coding selection technique. The channel prediction technology is mainly responsible for predicting the channel quality at the next moment, the modulation and coding selection technology selects a corresponding modulation and coding mode according to the predicted channel quality, and the packet loss rate and the throughput can be considered only by selecting the modulation and coding mode matched with the channel quality. Therefore, the accuracy of the channel prediction result is very important for the implementation effect of the ACM technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a satellite-ground channel prediction method, a satellite-ground channel prediction device, satellite-ground channel prediction equipment and a storage medium, which are used for accurately predicting the channel quality of a satellite and a ground terminal.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a satellite-to-ground channel prediction method, which is applied to a sending end device, and the method includes:
acquiring a channel quality actual value of an inter-satellite communication channel between the inter-satellite communication channel and receiving end equipment at the current prediction moment;
acquiring channel quality actual values and relative positions between satellites and the ground corresponding to a plurality of historical prediction moments before the current prediction moment;
determining a channel attenuation model used at the current prediction moment according to the actual channel quality values and the relative positions and postures between the satellite and the ground corresponding to the historical prediction moments;
and determining a channel quality predicted value at the next prediction time according to the channel attenuation model and the actual value of the channel quality at the current prediction time.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a satellite-to-ground channel prediction apparatus, which is applied to a sending end device, where the apparatus includes:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring a channel quality actual value of an inter-satellite-ground communication channel between the acquisition module and receiving end equipment at a current prediction moment, and acquiring a channel quality actual value and an inter-satellite-ground relative pose corresponding to each of a plurality of historical prediction moments before the current prediction moment;
the determining module is used for determining a channel attenuation model used at the current prediction time according to the channel quality actual values and the inter-satellite relative poses corresponding to the multiple historical prediction times;
and the prediction module is used for determining a channel quality predicted value at the next prediction moment according to the channel attenuation model and the channel quality actual value at the current prediction moment.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, including: a memory, a processor, a communication interface; wherein the memory has stored thereon executable code which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to implement at least the satellite-to-satellite channel prediction method according to the first aspect.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium having stored thereon executable code, which when executed by a processor of an electronic device, causes the processor to implement at least the satellite-to-ground channel prediction method according to the first aspect.
In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a satellite-to-ground channel prediction method, which is applied to a sending end device, where the method includes:
acquiring a channel quality actual value of an inter-satellite-ground communication channel between the sending end equipment and receiving end equipment at the current prediction moment, wherein the sending end equipment and the receiving end equipment are respectively a vehicle-mounted terminal and a satellite;
acquiring channel quality actual values and relative positions between satellites and the ground corresponding to a plurality of historical prediction moments before the current prediction moment;
determining a channel attenuation model used at the current prediction moment according to the actual channel quality values and the relative positions and postures between the satellite and the ground corresponding to the historical prediction moments;
determining a channel quality predicted value of the next prediction moment according to the channel attenuation model and the actual value of the channel quality of the current prediction moment;
and determining a modulation and coding mode matched with the channel quality predicted value at the next prediction moment, and processing the automatic driving data needing to be sent to the receiving end equipment through the modulation and coding mode.
The scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention can be applied to a satellite communication system and is used for realizing the quality prediction of the inter-satellite communication channel. The scheme may be executed by a sending end device, which may be a satellite or a ground-side device (such as a ground station or a user terminal) communicating with the satellite. In practical applications, the prediction of the channel quality may be performed periodically. Specifically, at the current prediction time, the sending end device obtains a channel quality actual value of an inter-satellite-ground communication channel between the sending end device and the receiving end device at the current prediction time, and obtains a channel quality actual value and an inter-satellite-ground relative pose corresponding to each of a plurality of historical prediction times before the current prediction time. And then, determining a channel attenuation model used at the current prediction time according to the channel quality actual value and the inter-satellite relative pose corresponding to each of the plurality of historical prediction times, so as to determine a channel quality predicted value at the next prediction time according to the channel attenuation model corresponding to the current prediction time and the channel quality actual value at the current prediction time.
The channel attenuation model used at the current prediction moment is dynamically generated based on the quality condition of the channel in a short historical time before the current prediction moment, so that the channel attenuation model can adapt to the dynamically changed channel condition, and the accuracy of a real-time channel quality prediction result is ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a satellite communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an implementation process of ACM technology according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of a satellite-to-ground channel prediction method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a satellite communication scenario according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of a satellite-to-ground channel prediction method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic application diagram of a satellite-to-ground channel prediction method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating an application of a satellite-to-ground channel prediction method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a satellite-to-ground channel prediction apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to the embodiment shown in fig. 8.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Some embodiments of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The features of the embodiments and examples described below may be combined with each other without conflict between the embodiments. In addition, the sequence of steps in each method embodiment described below is only an example and is not strictly limited.
The scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention can be suitable for a satellite communication system, in particular to a low-orbit satellite communication system. Fig. 1 illustrates the components of a typical satellite communication system, which includes three components, a satellite, a ground station, and a user terminal, as shown in fig. 1.
The satellite may be a Low Earth Orbit satellite (LEO), and the flying height thereof is less than 1000 km, typically between 500 km and 700 km.
The satellite plays the role of a relay station in the air, and can amplify the electromagnetic waves transmitted by the ground station and then return the electromagnetic waves to another ground station.
The figure illustrates a data streaming scenario in which a user terminal communicates using a satellite: the user terminal 1 may send the sent data to the satellite, the satellite relays the data to the ground station corresponding to the correspondent node, and the ground station forwards the data to the correspondent node device, i.e., the user terminal 2, corresponding to the user terminal 1.
As can be seen from the above examples, in practical applications, the types of devices communicating with the satellite include user terminals and ground stations. The "inter-satellite-ground communication channel" in the embodiments of the present invention refers to a communication channel between a satellite and a ground station, or a communication channel between a satellite and a user terminal.
In the actual communication process, two communication processes of uplink (data is sent to the satellite from the ground side) and downlink (data is sent to the ground side by the satellite) exist between the satellite and the ground, and an uplink channel and a downlink channel are different actually. In summary, the channel prediction scheme may be performed by the transmitting device. In the process of uplink communication, the sending end equipment is ground side equipment (a ground station or a user terminal), and the receiving end equipment is a satellite at the moment; in the downlink communication process, the sending end device is a satellite, and the receiving end device is a ground side device (a ground station or a user terminal).
As described above, the ACM technology is an important technical means for ensuring the network service quality in the satellite communication field, can adaptively adjust the uplink and downlink modulation and coding schemes according to the real-time channel quality, and is very important for ensuring the application experience of the internet application using satellite communication. As shown in fig. 2, the ACM technique mainly includes two parts, namely a channel prediction technique and a modulation and coding selection technique.
In practical applications, a prediction period of the channel quality may be set to periodically perform channel quality prediction. Of course, it can be understood that, for the transmitting end device and the receiving end device, the periodic channel quality prediction is performed in the communication process after the wireless communication connection is established. The channel prediction technology is mainly responsible for predicting the channel quality of a wireless channel between the transceiving end equipment at the next prediction time at the current prediction time, and can further predict the fluctuation condition of the channel quality during the two prediction times. The modulation coding selection technology selects a corresponding modulation and coding mode according to the predicted channel quality.
In practical applications, the channel quality can be represented by, for example, a Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). Of course, other indexes may also be used to measure the Channel Quality, such as Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), Reference Signal Receiving Power (RSRP), Received Signal Strength of carrier (RSSI), and so on.
The selection of the modulation and coding scheme mainly refers to the selection of the modulation order and the coding rate. In summary, the better the channel quality, the higher the modulation order and coding rate can be selected, whereas if the channel quality is not good, the lower the modulation order and coding rate can be selected.
In practice, as shown in fig. 2, both the transmitting end device and the receiving end device will have a modulator and a demodulator therein. The channel prediction scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention is executed at the sending end equipment, so that after the sending end equipment finishes the channel quality at the next prediction moment, the corresponding modulation and coding mode is selected, the local modulator is used for modulating and coding the data to be transmitted next according to the modulation and coding mode, the data is finally sent to the receiving end equipment, and the receiving end equipment analyzes the data through the demodulator.
The following embodiments are provided to describe the implementation of the channel prediction scheme in detail.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a satellite-to-ground channel prediction method according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the method may include the following steps:
301. the method comprises the steps that a sending end device obtains a channel quality actual value of an inter-satellite communication channel between the sending end device and a receiving end device at the current prediction time.
302. The sending end equipment obtains the actual channel quality values and the relative positions between the satellite and the ground corresponding to a plurality of historical prediction moments before the current prediction moment.
303. And the sending end equipment determines a channel attenuation model used at the current prediction time according to the actual channel quality values and the relative positions and postures between the satellite and the ground corresponding to the multiple historical prediction times.
304. And the sending end equipment determines the channel quality predicted value at the next prediction time according to the channel attenuation model used at the current prediction time and the actual value of the channel quality at the current prediction time.
As described above, when the sending end device is a satellite, the receiving end device may be a ground station or a user terminal; and when the sending terminal equipment is a ground station or a user terminal, the receiving terminal equipment is a satellite.
In practical application, as shown in fig. 2, it is assumed that a sending end device sends data to a receiving end device through a wireless channel (inter-satellite-ground communication channel) between the sending end device and the receiving end device, and the receiving end device can calculate the channel quality (such as signal-to-noise ratio) at this time after receiving the data. Assuming that the current time is exactly a predicted time determined according to the set prediction period, the channel quality value currently calculated by the receiving end device is used as the actual channel quality value of the current predicted time in the above step. Then, the receiving end device may feed back the actual value of the channel quality to the sending end device through a feedback path illustrated in the figure, so that the sending end device obtains the actual value of the channel quality of the wireless channel between the sending end device and the receiving end device at the current predicted time.
Taking the low-earth orbit satellite as an example, firstly, the low-earth orbit satellite moves fast relative to the ground, and the channel quality changes fast along with the movement, so that the low-earth orbit satellite has extremely high dynamics. Secondly, at present, more and more low-earth orbit satellite communication uses Ka, Ku and higher frequency bands for communication, and in such a wireless transmission environment, environmental factors including cloud, rain, fog, snow and the like bring non-negligible signal attenuation influence to the low-earth orbit satellite communication. Therefore, it is very difficult to accurately predict the channel quality in such a communication environment.
In the embodiment of the invention, in order to adapt to the characteristics of dynamic change of the inter-satellite-ground wireless channel quality and the characteristics of susceptibility to interference of various communication environment factors, a new channel attenuation model is provided for predicting the channel quality, and a scheme for dynamically calibrating the channel attenuation model on line is also provided, so that the channel attenuation models used at different prediction moments are adapted to the current communication environment, and accurate prediction of the channel quality at different prediction moments is facilitated.
Currently, many channel attenuation models have been proposed for wireless communication scenarios, such as a free space transmission model, an atmospheric attenuation model, a rain height model, a cloud attenuation model, a flicker attenuation model, and an antenna receive gain model provided by ITU-R, and so on. In the embodiment of the present invention, the channel attenuation models represented by the following formula are obtained by combining these attenuation models:
as can be seen, the channel attenuation model is composed of a first term on the left side of the plus sign and a second term on the right side of the plus sign. Wherein the first term corresponds to inter-satellite distance and is used to describe free space distance attenuation. The second term corresponds to the inter-satellite pitch angle, wherein the second term comprises an attenuation coefficient variable corresponding to the communication environment factors
。
In the above-described channel attenuation model,
in order to integrate various communication environment factors and channel attenuation values after communication distance, namely the attenuation condition of signals in a channel,
the inter-satellite distance is the straight-line distance between the satellite and the ground station or between the satellite and the terminal.
Is the inter-satellite pitch angle.
And
can be understood with reference to fig. 4.
Is a variable of attenuation coefficient corresponding to the communication environment factor.
The above channel attenuation model describes the integrated attenuation of the channel at a specific frequency (the frequency corresponding to the wireless channel between the transmitting end device and the receiving end device), location, and environment, depending on the specific frequency
And
the situation of the change. Therefore, the temperature of the molten metal is controlled,
depending on the particular frequency, location and environment. It can be seen that, in the above channel attenuation model,
and
is a variable that needs to be input when using a channel fading model, and
is a variable that determines what the channel fading model used at a certain predicted time should be, i.e., for each predicted time, it is necessary to predetermine the time at that time
Can a channel attenuation model be obtained that is available at that time.
However in the true satellite communicationIn a telecommunications system, actual
Values are often difficult to measure, and therefore, a derivation method using fitting is provided in the embodiment of the present invention
Numerical solutions, i.e. using historical channel quality data to extrapolate back to the channel fading model used at the current predicted time
To determine the channel attenuation model used at the current prediction time. In practical application, the above
The value of (A) is generally smaller values such as 3 and 5.
The above-mentioned online calibration of the channel attenuation model is actually a process of determining the channel attenuation model used at the current prediction time by using the channel quality conditions at each historical prediction time in a short period of time before the current prediction time, and can be implemented as follows:
and acquiring the actual channel quality values and the relative satellite-ground poses corresponding to a plurality of historical prediction moments before the current prediction moment, and determining a channel attenuation model used at the current prediction moment according to the actual channel quality values and the relative satellite-ground poses corresponding to the historical prediction moments. As shown in fig. 4, the relative position between the star and the ground includes: distance and pitch angle.
In practical applications, for the current predicted time, the actual channel quality values at the past historical predicted times, for example, within 5 minutes, may be collected, that is, the channel quality values actually calculated by the receiving end device at the past historical predicted times. In addition, the relative pose (distance and pitch angle) between the receiving end device and the sending end device at each historical prediction time can be determined by the existing correlation technique, and is not described herein again.
In an optional embodiment, the determining, according to the actual channel quality value and the relative position between satellites and ground corresponding to each of the plurality of historical prediction times, a channel attenuation model used at the current prediction time may be implemented as:
obtaining a plurality of channel quality values obtained after the free space distance attenuation is respectively removed from the channel quality actual values corresponding to a plurality of historical prediction moments;
substituting the inter-satellite pitch angle corresponding to the target channel quality value into the second term to obtain a target second term aiming at any target channel quality value in the plurality of channel quality values;
establishing an equation corresponding to the target channel quality value such that the sum of the target channel quality value and the target second term is zero;
and determining the value of the attenuation coefficient variable in the channel attenuation model used at the current prediction moment by fitting an equation corresponding to each of the plurality of channel quality values.
To facilitate understanding of the above process, an example is illustrated.
Assume that the current predicted time is
The prediction interval, i.e. the prediction period, is
Assume a total of N minutes in the past
The historical predicted time is as follows:
、
…、
. Suppose this
The relative position and posture between the stars and the ground corresponding to each historical prediction time are expressed as follows:
、
、…、
. Assume this
The actual values of the channel quality corresponding to the historical prediction moments are as follows:
、
、…、
。
actually, these actual channel quality values are calculated by the receiving end device in real time based on the current data receiving condition, and may reflect the actual quality condition of the current channel affected by the free space distance attenuation and the interference of various communication environment factors, that is, these actual channel quality values include the effect of the free space distance attenuation. The free space fading simply means that the quality of a communication signal transmitted over a radio channel is affected only by the distance between both communication parties, and the quality deteriorates as the distance increases.
Attenuation coefficient variable in channel attenuation model used for calculating current prediction moment conveniently
In the above embodiment, first, the channel quality actual values corresponding to the plurality of historical prediction time points are respectively obtainedIn addition to the effect of free space distance attenuation, the removal formula is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
show the above
Corresponding to each historical predicted time
From the actual value of the channel quality
The number of the main components is one,
indicating the above removal
The free space distance attenuated channel quality value contained in (1). Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
representation removal
The calculation of free space distance attenuation contained in (1).
Then use
The following equation is established:
thus, the above-mentioned results indicate
Corresponding to individual historical predicted time
The channel quality value after eliminating the attenuation of the free space distance can be established
An equation. To this end
Fitting the equations to obtain a set of equations
The value of (A) is as follows:
、
、
…。
will this group
Substituting the value into the channel attenuation model to obtain the channel attenuation model used at the current prediction moment.
In the above process, a set of N minutes can be fitted, corresponding to each past
The influence of the past N-minute communication environment factors is expressed.
In an alternative embodiment, after obtaining the above fitting result, a set of final applications may be determined as follows to ensure the stability of the whole
：
Determining an initial value of an attenuation coefficient variable by fitting an equation corresponding to each of the plurality of channel quality values;
obtaining historical values of attenuation coefficient variables, wherein the historical values comprise values of the attenuation coefficient variables contained in a channel attenuation model used at the last prediction moment;
and determining a target value of an attenuation coefficient variable in a channel attenuation model used at the current prediction moment according to the initial value and the historical value.
Assume that the above initial value is expressed as
Corresponding to the last predicted time
Is expressed as
Then, the target value of the attenuation coefficient variable in the channel attenuation model used at the current prediction time may be represented as:
。
and then substituting the target value into a formula of a channel attenuation model to determine a specific channel attenuation model used at the current prediction moment, wherein in the model, only variables needing to be input when the relative pose information between the satellite and the ground exist.
After the channel attenuation model used at the current prediction time is obtained, the channel quality prediction value at the next prediction time can be determined according to the channel attenuation model and the actual channel quality value at the current prediction time.
Specifically, determining the channel quality prediction value at the next prediction time may be implemented as:
acquiring the inter-satellite and inter-ground relative pose at the current prediction moment and the inter-satellite and inter-ground relative pose at the next prediction moment;
respectively taking the inter-satellite relative pose at the current prediction time and the inter-satellite relative pose at the next prediction time as the input of a channel attenuation model, and determining a channel attenuation value at the current prediction time and a channel attenuation value at the next prediction time;
and determining a predicted value of the channel quality at the next prediction time according to the channel attenuation value at the current prediction time, the channel attenuation value at the next prediction time and the actual value of the channel quality at the current prediction time.
Assuming a current predicted time of day
The corresponding relative position and posture between the star and the ground are expressed as
Next predicted time
The corresponding relative position and posture between the star and the ground are expressed as
Current predicted time of day
The corresponding actual value of the channel quality is expressed as
Then the predicted value of the channel quality at the next predicted time
Can be expressed as:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
indicating the current predicted time
The corresponding channel attenuation value is obtained by predicting the current time
Substituting the corresponding inter-satellite relative pose into the current prediction time
Obtaining a used channel attenuation model;
indicating the next predicted time
The corresponding channel attenuation value is obtained by predicting the next time
Substituting the corresponding inter-satellite relative pose into the current prediction time
The channel attenuation model used is derived.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the amount of change in the attenuation of the channel quality between the two predicted times predicted by the channel attenuation model is shown. In practical applications, the prediction period may be in the order of seconds, such as 10 seconds.
After the predicted value of the channel quality at the next predicted time is obtained, a modulation and coding mode matched with the predicted value can be determined based on the predicted result, so that the communication signal to be transmitted is modulated and coded by the determined modulation and coding mode from the current predicted time to the next predicted time. In practical application, the corresponding relationship between different channel qualities and modulation and coding modes can be preset, so that the currently adopted modulation and coding mode can be determined based on the corresponding relationship, and the determined modulation and coding mode is ensured to be matched with the current channel quality.
To sum up, in the embodiments of the present invention, in one aspect, a channel attenuation model supporting online calibration is provided: a corresponding formula of the channel attenuation model integrating various influence factors is provided by integrating the free space attenuation model, the rain height model, the cloud attenuation model, the fog attenuation model and the like, the formula is simple to apply, and collected historical channel quality data in a short time can be directly used for online calibration. The online calibration mechanism enables the channel attenuation model to adapt to key factors influencing channel quality, such as different geographic positions, weather and the like, and ensures universality. The calibration execution period of the model may be configured on the order of minutes (such as 5 minutes for example above), ensuring a fast response to changes in the communication environment. Moreover, input variables of the channel attenuation model only relate to the inter-satellite-ground distance and the pitching angle, input information is easy to measure accurately, and compared with the traditional channel attenuation model (such as the required input rainfall rate, temperature and the like in a rainfall attenuation model) in which some input information is difficult to measure, the attenuation conditions of satellite channels at different moments can be accurately calculated. On the other hand, the amount of change in channel quality at different prediction times is predicted by using a channel fading model (
) And the channel quality of the next prediction moment is predicted by combining the actual channel quality of the current prediction moment, historical channel quality information and attenuation changes of the channel quality of different prediction moments are considered, and the accuracy of a prediction result can be ensured.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a satellite-to-ground channel prediction method according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, the method may include the following steps:
501. the method comprises the steps that a sending end device obtains a channel quality actual value of an inter-satellite communication channel between the sending end device and a receiving end device at the current prediction time.
502. The sending end equipment obtains the actual channel quality values, the relative satellite-ground poses and the predicted channel quality values corresponding to a plurality of historical prediction moments before the current prediction moment.
503. And the sending end equipment determines a channel attenuation model used at the current prediction time according to the actual channel quality values and the relative positions and postures between the satellite and the ground corresponding to the multiple historical prediction times.
504. And the sending end equipment determines the channel quality predicted value at the next prediction time according to the channel attenuation model used at the current prediction time and the actual value of the channel quality at the current prediction time.
505. The sending end equipment determines channel quality prediction error values corresponding to a plurality of historical prediction moments according to channel quality prediction values and channel quality actual values corresponding to the historical prediction moments respectively, and determines an error fluctuation range from a current prediction moment to a next prediction moment according to the channel quality prediction error values corresponding to the historical prediction moments respectively.
506. And the sending end equipment adjusts the channel quality predicted value at the next prediction moment according to the error fluctuation range, and determines a signal modulation and coding mode adopted from the current prediction moment to the next prediction moment according to the adjusted channel quality predicted value at the next prediction moment.
In this embodiment, it is necessary to predict and output the channel quality at the next prediction time and the error fluctuation range thereof. In practical applications, as mentioned above, the prediction period may be set to a second level, such as 10 seconds between adjacent prediction moments. However, during the 10 seconds, the quality of the inter-satellite communication channel also changes dynamically, and actually, if the channel quality condition in this period can be known more accurately, the modulation and coding mode matched with the channel quality condition can be determined more reasonably, which is beneficial to improving the channel spectrum utilization rate and ensuring the communication application experience.
With the solution introduced in the foregoing embodiment, the predicted value of channel quality at the next prediction time determined in step 504 may be considered as the channel quality at this time only, and it is assumed that it is expressed as:
if the error fluctuation range corresponding to the prediction result is expressed as
Then the final prediction result can be expressed as:
-
。
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for the calculation process, reference is made to the description in the foregoing embodiments, which are not repeated herein. The following is only for the error fluctuation range
The calculation process of (a) will be explained.
To calculate
As described in the above steps, it is necessary to obtain the predicted channel quality value and the actual channel quality value corresponding to each of a plurality of historical predicted times before the current predicted time. Still shared within the past N minutes assumed hereinbefore
The historical predicted time is taken as an example:
、
…、
assume this
The actual values of the channel quality corresponding to the historical prediction time are as follows:
、
、…、
assume this
The actual values of the channel quality corresponding to the historical prediction time are as follows:
、
、…、
then determine
The channel quality prediction error values corresponding to the historical prediction moments are as follows:
then according to
Individual history predictionChannel quality prediction error values corresponding to the time respectively, and determining the current prediction time
To the next predicted time
Error fluctuation value of the period. The fluctuation value may be calculated using various methods, for example, an average value or a root mean square error of absolute values of respective error values may be calculated, and the like.
Taking the calculation of the root mean square error as an example, the error fluctuation value calculation result can be expressed as:
based on the calculation result of the error fluctuation value, it can be determined that the error fluctuation range is:
。
based on the prediction result of the error fluctuation range and the predicted channel quality at the next moment, the quality condition of the channel from the current prediction moment to the next prediction moment can be more accurately obtained.
The channel prediction scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention can be applied to any application scene which can adopt satellite communication, including but not limited to an automatic driving scene, a live broadcast scene and the like.
In an automatic driving scene, a ground side device using a satellite for communication includes a vehicle-mounted terminal and a ground station, and taking the vehicle-mounted terminal as an example, at this time, the satellite-ground channel prediction method may include the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that a sending end device obtains a channel quality actual value of an inter-satellite communication channel between the sending end device and a receiving end device at the current prediction moment, wherein the sending end device and the receiving end device are a vehicle-mounted terminal and a satellite respectively;
the method comprises the steps that sending end equipment obtains channel quality actual values and relative positions between a satellite and a ground, wherein the channel quality actual values correspond to a plurality of historical prediction moments before a current prediction moment;
the sending end equipment determines a channel attenuation model used at the current prediction time according to the actual channel quality values and the relative positions and postures between the satellite and the ground corresponding to the multiple historical prediction times;
the sending end equipment determines a channel quality predicted value at the next prediction moment according to the channel attenuation model and the actual value of the channel quality at the current prediction moment;
and the sending end equipment determines a modulation and coding mode matched with the channel quality predicted value at the next prediction moment so as to process the automatic driving data needing to be sent to the receiving end equipment through the modulation and coding mode.
In this embodiment, the sending end device and the receiving end device are the vehicle-mounted terminal and the satellite respectively, which means that when the sending end device is the vehicle-mounted terminal, the receiving end device is the satellite; and if the sending terminal equipment is a satellite, the receiving terminal equipment is a vehicle-mounted terminal.
In the above communication process, for example, the in-vehicle terminal needs to transmit the acquired automatic driving data such as the vehicle driving speed, the position, and the surrounding image to the server providing the automatic driving service. In the communication process, the vehicle-mounted terminal can transmit the collected automatic driving data such as the vehicle running speed, the position, the surrounding environment image and the like to the satellite, so that the automatic driving data can be transmitted to a certain ground station close to the server through the relay forwarding function of the satellite, and the automatic driving data can be transmitted to the server through the ground station.
In the foregoing example, the channel prediction scheme provided in this embodiment may be executed on the vehicle-mounted terminal side, that is, the vehicle-mounted terminal completes quality prediction of a communication channel between the next prediction time and the satellite at the current prediction time, so as to determine a modulation and coding scheme to be adopted next based on the prediction result, modulate and code the auto-driving data acquired in real time based on the determined modulation and coding scheme, send the processed data to the satellite, relay-forward the processed data to the ground station by the satellite, and forward the processed data to the server. And the server performs corresponding demodulation processing on the received data.
For ease of understanding, the above implementation is illustrated in conjunction with fig. 7. For the content not described in this embodiment, reference may be made to the related descriptions in the foregoing other embodiments, which are not described herein again.
In a live broadcast scene, a ground side device using a satellite for communication includes a live broadcast terminal and a ground station, and taking the live broadcast terminal as an example, at this time, the satellite-ground channel prediction method may include the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that a sending end device obtains a channel quality actual value of an inter-satellite communication channel between the sending end device and a receiving end device at the current prediction moment, wherein the sending end device and the receiving end device are a live broadcast terminal and a satellite respectively;
the method comprises the steps that sending end equipment obtains channel quality actual values and relative positions between a satellite and a ground, wherein the channel quality actual values correspond to a plurality of historical prediction moments before a current prediction moment;
the sending end equipment determines a channel attenuation model used at the current prediction time according to the actual channel quality values and the relative positions and postures between the satellite and the ground corresponding to the multiple historical prediction times;
the sending end equipment determines a channel quality predicted value at the next prediction moment according to the channel attenuation model and the actual value of the channel quality at the current prediction moment;
and the sending end equipment determines a modulation and coding mode matched with the channel quality predicted value at the next prediction moment so as to process the live broadcast data needing to be sent to the receiving end equipment through the modulation and coding mode.
In this embodiment, the live broadcast terminal is a terminal device used by a main broadcast and currently used for live broadcast, the communication peer device corresponding to the live broadcast terminal can be a live broadcast server, namely, the live broadcast terminal sends live broadcast data to the live broadcast server in a satellite communication mode, and audiences can use the terminal device to pull the live broadcast data from the live broadcast server for watching. Of course, the terminal device of the audience can also pull the live broadcast data from the live broadcast server in a satellite communication mode.
The live scene exemplified in the present embodiment can be understood with reference to fig. 7. For the content not described in this embodiment, reference may be made to the related descriptions in the foregoing other embodiments, which are not described herein again.
The satellite-to-satellite channel prediction apparatus of one or more embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that these means can each be constructed using commercially available hardware components and by performing the steps taught in this disclosure.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a satellite-to-ground channel prediction apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the satellite-to-ground channel prediction apparatus is located in a network data analysis functional network element in a core network. As shown in fig. 8, the apparatus includes: the device comprises an acquisition module 11, a determination module 12 and a prediction module 13.
The acquiring module 11 is configured to acquire a channel quality actual value of an inter-satellite-ground communication channel between the receiving end device and the receiving end device at a current predicted time, and acquire a channel quality actual value and an inter-satellite-ground relative pose corresponding to each of a plurality of historical predicted times before the current predicted time.
And the determining module 12 is configured to determine, according to the actual channel quality values and the relative inter-satellite-ground poses corresponding to the multiple historical prediction moments, a channel attenuation model used at the current prediction moment.
And the prediction module 13 is configured to determine a predicted value of the channel quality at the next prediction time according to the channel attenuation model and the actual value of the channel quality at the current prediction time.
Optionally, the inter-satellite relative pose comprises: distance and pitch angle.
Optionally, the channel attenuation model consists of a first term and a second term; the first term corresponds to the inter-satellite distance and is used for describing the attenuation of the free space distance; the second term corresponds to an inter-satellite pitch angle, wherein the second term includes an attenuation coefficient variable corresponding to a communication environment factor.
Optionally, the prediction module 13 is specifically configured to: acquiring the inter-satellite and inter-ground relative pose of the current prediction time and the inter-satellite and inter-ground relative pose of the next prediction time; respectively taking the inter-satellite relative pose of the current prediction time and the inter-satellite relative pose of the next prediction time as the input of the channel attenuation model, and determining the channel attenuation value of the current prediction time and the channel attenuation value of the next prediction time; and determining the predicted value of the channel quality at the next prediction time according to the channel attenuation value at the current prediction time, the channel attenuation value at the next prediction time and the actual value of the channel quality at the current prediction time.
Optionally, the determining module 12 is specifically configured to: obtaining a plurality of channel quality values obtained after the channel quality actual values corresponding to the plurality of historical prediction moments are respectively removed from the free space distance attenuation; substituting the inter-satellite pitch angle corresponding to the target channel quality value into the second item to obtain a target second item aiming at any target channel quality value in the plurality of channel quality values; establishing an equation corresponding to the target channel quality value such that a sum of the target channel quality value and the target second term becomes zero; and determining the value of the attenuation coefficient variable in the channel attenuation model used at the current prediction moment by fitting an equation corresponding to each of the plurality of channel quality values.
Optionally, the determining module 12 is specifically configured to: determining an initial value of the attenuation coefficient variable by fitting an equation corresponding to each of the plurality of channel quality values; obtaining historical values of the attenuation coefficient variables, wherein the historical values comprise values of the attenuation coefficient variables contained in a channel attenuation model used at the last prediction moment; and determining a target value of the attenuation coefficient variable in the channel attenuation model used at the current prediction moment according to the initial value and the historical value.
Optionally, the obtaining module 11 is further configured to: obtaining channel quality predicted values corresponding to the plurality of historical predicted times; and determining channel quality prediction error values corresponding to the historical prediction moments according to the channel quality prediction values and the channel quality actual values corresponding to the historical prediction moments. Based on this, the prediction module 13 is further configured to: determining an error fluctuation range from the current prediction time to the next prediction time according to channel quality prediction error values corresponding to the historical prediction times, and adjusting the channel quality prediction value of the next prediction time according to the error fluctuation range; and determining a signal modulation and coding mode adopted from the current prediction time to the next prediction time according to the adjusted channel quality prediction value of the next prediction time.
The apparatus shown in fig. 8 may perform the steps performed by the session distribution module in the foregoing embodiment, and the detailed performing process and technical effect refer to the description in the foregoing embodiment, which are not described herein again.
In one possible design, the satellite-to-ground channel prediction apparatus shown in fig. 8 may be implemented as an electronic device, and the electronic device is provided with a session distribution module. As shown in fig. 9, the electronic device may include: a processor 21, a memory 22, and a communication interface 23. Wherein the memory 22 has stored thereon executable code which, when executed by the processor 21, makes the processor 21 at least implement the satellite-to-ground channel prediction method as performed by the session distribution module in the previous embodiment.
Additionally, an embodiment of the present invention provides a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium having stored thereon executable code, which when executed by a processor of an electronic device, causes the processor to implement at least the satellite-to-ground channel prediction method as provided in the foregoing embodiment.
The above described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, wherein the network elements illustrated as separate components may or may not be physically separate. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment may be implemented by a necessary general hardware platform, and may also be implemented by a combination of hardware and software. With this understanding in mind, the above-described aspects and portions of the present technology which contribute substantially or in part to the prior art may be embodied in the form of a computer program product, which may be embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media having computer-usable program code embodied therein, including without limitation disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A satellite-ground channel prediction method is applied to a sending terminal device, and comprises the following steps:
acquiring a channel quality actual value of an inter-satellite communication channel between the inter-satellite communication channel and receiving end equipment at a current prediction moment;
acquiring channel quality actual values and relative positions between satellites and the ground corresponding to a plurality of historical prediction moments before the current prediction moment;
determining a channel attenuation model used at the current prediction moment according to the actual channel quality values and the relative positions and postures between the satellite and the ground corresponding to the multiple historical prediction moments;
and determining a channel quality predicted value at the next prediction time according to the channel attenuation model and the actual value of the channel quality at the current prediction time.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the inter-satellite relative pose comprises: distance and pitch angle.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the determining a predicted value of the channel quality at a next predicted time according to the channel attenuation model and the actual value of the channel quality at the current predicted time comprises:
acquiring the inter-satellite relative pose at the current prediction time and the inter-satellite relative pose at the next prediction time;
respectively taking the inter-satellite relative pose of the current prediction time and the inter-satellite relative pose of the next prediction time as the input of the channel attenuation model, and determining the channel attenuation value of the current prediction time and the channel attenuation value of the next prediction time;
and determining the predicted value of the channel quality at the next prediction time according to the channel attenuation value at the current prediction time, the channel attenuation value at the next prediction time and the actual value of the channel quality at the current prediction time.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the channel attenuation model consists of a first term and a second term; the first term corresponds to the inter-satellite distance and is used for describing the attenuation of the free space distance; the second term corresponds to an inter-satellite pitch angle, wherein the second term includes an attenuation coefficient variable corresponding to a communication environment factor.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the determining a channel attenuation model used at the current prediction time according to the channel quality actual value and the inter-satellite-ground relative pose corresponding to each of the plurality of historical prediction times comprises:
obtaining a plurality of channel quality values obtained after the channel quality actual values corresponding to the plurality of historical prediction moments are respectively removed from the free space distance attenuation;
substituting the inter-satellite pitch angle corresponding to the target channel quality value into the second item to obtain a target second item aiming at any target channel quality value in the plurality of channel quality values;
establishing an equation corresponding to the target channel quality value such that a sum of the target channel quality value and the target second term becomes zero;
and determining the value of the attenuation coefficient variable in the channel attenuation model used at the current prediction moment by fitting an equation corresponding to each of the plurality of channel quality values.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the determining the value of the attenuation coefficient variable in the channel attenuation model used at the current predicted time by fitting an equation corresponding to each of the plurality of channel quality values comprises:
determining an initial value of the attenuation coefficient variable by fitting an equation corresponding to each of the plurality of channel quality values;
obtaining historical values of the attenuation coefficient variables, wherein the historical values comprise values of the attenuation coefficient variables contained in a channel attenuation model used at the last prediction moment;
and determining a target value of the attenuation coefficient variable in the channel attenuation model used at the current prediction moment according to the initial value and the historical value.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
obtaining channel quality predicted values corresponding to the plurality of historical predicted times;
determining channel quality prediction error values corresponding to the historical prediction moments according to the channel quality prediction values and the channel quality actual values corresponding to the historical prediction moments;
and determining an error fluctuation range from the current prediction time to the next prediction time according to the channel quality prediction error values corresponding to the plurality of historical prediction times.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
adjusting the channel quality predicted value at the next prediction moment according to the error fluctuation range;
and determining a signal modulation and coding mode adopted from the current prediction time to the next prediction time according to the adjusted channel quality prediction value of the next prediction time.
9. A satellite-to-ground channel prediction apparatus, located at a transmitting end device, comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring a channel quality actual value of an inter-satellite-ground communication channel between the acquisition module and receiving end equipment at a current prediction moment, and acquiring a channel quality actual value and an inter-satellite-ground relative pose corresponding to each of a plurality of historical prediction moments before the current prediction moment;
the determining module is used for determining a channel attenuation model used at the current prediction time according to the channel quality actual values and the inter-satellite relative poses corresponding to the multiple historical prediction times;
and the prediction module is used for determining a channel quality predicted value at the next prediction moment according to the channel attenuation model and the channel quality actual value at the current prediction moment.
10. An electronic device, comprising: a memory, a processor, a communication interface; wherein the memory has stored thereon executable code which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform the satellite-to-ground channel prediction method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
11. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium having stored thereon executable code, which when executed by a processor of an electronic device, causes the processor to perform the satellite-to-ground channel prediction method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
12. A satellite-ground channel prediction method is applied to a sending terminal device, and comprises the following steps:
acquiring a channel quality actual value of an inter-satellite-ground communication channel between the sending end equipment and receiving end equipment at the current prediction moment, wherein the sending end equipment and the receiving end equipment are respectively a vehicle-mounted terminal and a satellite;
acquiring channel quality actual values and relative positions between satellites and the ground corresponding to a plurality of historical prediction moments before the current prediction moment;
determining a channel attenuation model used at the current prediction moment according to the actual channel quality values and the relative positions and postures between the satellite and the ground corresponding to the historical prediction moments;
determining a channel quality predicted value of the next prediction moment according to the channel attenuation model and the actual value of the channel quality of the current prediction moment;
and determining a modulation and coding mode matched with the channel quality predicted value at the next prediction moment, and processing the automatic driving data needing to be sent to the receiving end equipment through the modulation and coding mode.
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