CN114531874A - Method and apparatus for coating curved glass sheets with photosensitive material - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for coating curved glass sheets with photosensitive material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114531874A CN114531874A CN202180004013.4A CN202180004013A CN114531874A CN 114531874 A CN114531874 A CN 114531874A CN 202180004013 A CN202180004013 A CN 202180004013A CN 114531874 A CN114531874 A CN 114531874A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- glass sheet
- curved
- photosensitive material
- coating
- hologram
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/001—General methods for coating; Devices therefor
- C03C17/002—General methods for coating; Devices therefor for flat glass, e.g. float glass
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- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
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- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/006—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character
- C03C17/008—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character comprising a mixture of materials covered by two or more of the groups C03C17/02, C03C17/06, C03C17/22 and C03C17/28
- C03C17/009—Mixtures of organic and inorganic materials, e.g. ormosils and ormocers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/22—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with other inorganic material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B27/0103—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising holographic elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/02—Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
- G03H1/0252—Laminate comprising a hologram layer
- G03H1/0256—Laminate comprising a hologram layer having specific functional layer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/02—Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
- G03H1/0272—Substrate bearing the hologram
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2203/00—Other substrates
- B05D2203/30—Other inorganic substrates, e.g. ceramics, silicon
- B05D2203/35—Glass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
- C03C2217/28—Other inorganic materials
- C03C2217/284—Halides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/40—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/70—Properties of coatings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B27/0103—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising holographic elements
- G02B2027/0109—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising holographic elements comprising details concerning the making of holograms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/0402—Recording geometries or arrangements
- G03H2001/043—Non planar recording surface, e.g. curved surface
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/0402—Recording geometries or arrangements
- G03H2001/0439—Recording geometries or arrangements for recording Holographic Optical Element [HOE]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2250/00—Laminate comprising a hologram layer
- G03H2250/35—Adhesive layer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2250/00—Laminate comprising a hologram layer
- G03H2250/37—Enclosing the photosensitive material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2260/00—Recording materials or recording processes
- G03H2260/10—Dichromated gelatine or equivalents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2260/00—Recording materials or recording processes
- G03H2260/16—Silver halide emulsion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2270/00—Substrate bearing the hologram
- G03H2270/20—Shape
- G03H2270/21—Curved bearing surface
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for coating a curved glass sheet (1) with a photosensitive material (2) having rheological properties, at least comprising the step of applying the photosensitive material (2) to the surface of the curved glass sheet (1) in a coating zone, which is conveyed through the coating zone along a trajectory at a feed speed by means of a conveying means (3), wherein in the coating zone a curtain (4) extending transversely to the trajectory of the curved glass sheet (1) is formed from a mass of the photosensitive material (2) by means of an application device (5), which has a flow speed and whose drag (6) is placed as a coating on the curved glass sheet (1), freely falling from above onto the surface of the curved glass sheet (1).
Description
The invention relates to a method and a device for coating a curved glass plate with a photosensitive material, a method for producing a curved composite glass plate with at least one hologram, and the use of such a composite glass plate.
Devices and methods for coating materials for producing photographic materials are disclosed in DE 1928025 a1, DE 1928031 a1, DE 69123439T 2, DE 69215368T 2, DE 69324553T 2, EP 0197493 a2, DE 3238905 a1, EP 0716339 a1 and DE 2614068 a 1.
US 3867901 a discloses an apparatus for coating a material for manufacturing a photographic element. For processing large quantities of photographic casting composition, the apparatus can be equipped with means for varying the vertical distance between the casting lip and the moving carrier, and the apparatus can also be equipped with means for varying the flow rate of the casting composition and the feed rate of the carrier.
Composite glass sheets are currently used in many places, particularly in vehicle manufacturing. The term "vehicle" here includes, inter alia, road vehicles, aircraft, ships, agricultural machines or work implements.
Automotive glass panels are typically curved in one or more directions in space with a typical radius of curvature of about 10 cm to about 40 m.
Composite glass panels are also commonly used as head-up displays (HUDs) for displaying information. In this case, an image is projected onto the composite pane by means of a projection device in order to insert information into the field of view for the observer. In the vehicle sector, projection devices are arranged, for example, on a dashboard in such a way that an image projected on the nearest glass side of a composite glass pane inclined toward the viewer is reflected toward the viewer (see, for example, european patent EP 0420228B 1 or german laid-open publication DE 102012211729 a 1).
For a head-up display, a hologram laminated between glass plates of a composite glass plate may be used. The hologram may contain information recorded therein. The hologram may be activated by means of light emitted by the projector and thus the information recorded in the hologram is reproduced to the observer. Head-up displays based on holographic principles are disclosed for example in publications WO 2012/156124 a1, US 2019/0056596 a1, US 10,394,032B 2, US 10,061,069B 2 and US 2015/205138 a 1.
A composite glass pane having hologram elements on the inner side of the outer glass pane or on the outer side of the inner glass pane is disclosed in JP H09113840A.
There are various types of holograms. These include, for example, reflection holograms or holograms based on the principle of light wave conduction in holograms, so-called waveguide bodies or waveguide holograms.
The hologram can be produced in a photosensitive material which is designed as a coating of one of the two glass plates of the composite glass plate which are joined to one another by means of a thermoplastic layer.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for coating a curved glass sheet with a photosensitive material, wherein the coating on the surface of the curved glass sheet has a uniform thickness.
The object of the invention is achieved by a method according to independent claim 1. Preferred embodiments follow from the dependent claims. The device according to the invention, the method according to the invention for producing a composite glass pane, the composite glass pane according to the invention and its use result from the further independent claims.
The invention relates to a method for coating glass sheets with a photosensitive material having rheological properties, at least comprising the step of applying the photosensitive material to the surface of the glass sheet in a coating zone, the glass sheet being conveyed along a track by means of a conveying tool at a feed speed through the coating zone.
According to the invention, the glass sheet has a curved geometry, i.e. the glass sheet is a curved glass sheet.
The method according to the invention is a curtain coating method. In the method according to the invention, a curtain of a photosensitive material, which extends transversely to the trajectory of the curved glass sheet and falls freely from above onto the surface of the curved glass sheet, is formed in the coating zone by means of an application device, the curtain having a flow speed and the drag thereof being placed as a coating on the curved glass sheet.
The method according to the invention not only achieves a full-surface coating of the glass sheet, but also a coating in only one previously defined region of the glass sheet.
Preferably, the curved glass sheet is curved in one or more directions in space, wherein the radius of curvature or radii of curvature are independently of each other 10 cm to 40 m.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, the feed rate of the curved glass sheet and the flow rate of the free-falling curtain are matched to the geometry of the curved glass sheet and the rheological, i.e., flow, properties of the photosensitive material. Of particular importance for the flow properties of a material are its viscosity and flow limit.
The photosensitive material preferably comprises silver halide or dichromated gelatin. Silver halide or dichromate is typically used in a gelatin matrix, which is first dried, usually at room temperature, and then the hologram can be recorded by exposure to light. After the exposure process, the coated glass sheet is typically guided through an immersion bath to remove silver or excess dichromate. The use of silver halides and dichromates as photosensitive materials is known, for example, from DE 3909289 a1 and DE 69020975T 2.
The combination of silver halide crystals in the gelatin layer is known as photographic emulsion. There are three silver halides, namely silver chloride, silver bromide and silver iodide. Silver chloride is used in emulsions with low sensitivity. The emulsion with the combination of silver chloride and silver bromide has high photosensitivity, and the emulsion with the combination of silver bromide and silver iodide has still higher photosensitivity. Silver iodide is usually used never alone but in combination with silver bromide, wherein the proportion by mass of silver iodide is 5% or less. Photographic materials based on silver halide embedded in a gelatin layer are disclosed in publications DE 102011006889 a1, EP 0611992 a1, EP 0677773 a1 and EP 0682287 a 1.
The rheological properties of photosensitive materials based on silver halide embedded in the gelatin layer or based on dichromated gelatin can also be influenced by additives that preferably evaporate during the subsequent drying process.
As mentioned above, the photosensitive material typically contains gelatin as the hydrocolloid binder. EP 0611992 a1 discloses that mixtures of different gelatins with different viscosities can be used to adjust the rheological properties of the photosensitive material.
The flow properties of the photosensitive material can also be influenced in a targeted manner by the temperature. In one aspect, the entire process can be carried out at a specific temperature. However, it is also possible to heat the photosensitive material only to a specific temperature and/or to cool or heat the glass sheet to be coated to a specific temperature before forming the free-falling curtain. In this way, the flow properties of the photosensitive material can be specifically adjusted. Preferably, the entire process is carried out at a temperature of from room temperature to 150 ℃, in particular at a temperature of from 50 ℃ to 100 ℃, for example at 70 ℃, or at least the photosensitive material to be applied is heated to a temperature of from room temperature to 150 ℃, in particular at a temperature of from 50 ℃ to 100 ℃, for example at 70 ℃.
In an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the height of the curtain is adjusted to 100 mm to 300 mm.
The term "coating angle α" is understood to mean the angle which encloses the normal to the substrate to be coated and the flow direction of the coating material.
In the method according to the invention, the coating angle α is preferably adjusted to a value of-20 ° to 45 °.
As an additional step, the method according to the invention may comprise drying the photosensitive material applied on the curved glass plate. Preferably, the drying is carried out in a warm air chamber at a temperature of from 20 ℃ to 250 ℃, preferably from 50 ℃ to 150 ℃, particularly preferably from 70 ℃ to 120 ℃.
Alternatively, the photosensitive material may also be air dried at ambient temperature.
In a preferred embodiment, the curved glass plate is pre-treated on the surface on which the photosensitive material is applied to improve the adhesion of the photosensitive material. This can be a particularly thorough cleaning, or a pretreatment with adhesion promoters or primers, or an activation by means of plasma. This pre-treatment is performed before the application of the photosensitive material.
The method according to the invention enables a uniform application of the photosensitive material to curved geometries with a constant thickness and can furthermore be well automated.
As mentioned above, the method according to the invention is a curtain coating method, wherein the curved glass sheet to be coated is guided through under a curtain of a constant flow of photosensitive material. The thickness of the coating of photosensitive material applied to the bent glass sheet depends on the feed speed at which the bent glass sheet is guided through under the curtain and on the flow speed of the photosensitive material. The method according to the invention provides a particularly homogeneous layer.
In one embodiment, the method according to the invention is preceded by a step in which masking strips are applied to that surface of the curved glass plate to which the photosensitive material should be applied as a coating. Such a masking strip serves as a boundary of the region of the bent glass plate in which the photosensitive material should be applied as a coating and completely surrounds this region and therefore predetermines its dimensions. In this embodiment of the method according to the invention, the photosensitive material can be applied to the entire surface of the curved glass plate, and thus also to the masking strip, by means of the curtain coating described above, if this is simpler in terms of process technology. Alternatively, the photosensitive material may also be applied only in the areas defined by the masking strips. After the photosensitive material is applied, the masking strip is removed again in a subsequent step. In this embodiment, the coating with the photosensitive material does not extend as far as the surrounding glass sheet edge of the bent glass sheet.
The masking strip may be constructed of a continuous frame or a composite frame.
The masking strips are preferably assembled from solid film-like pieces (strips) into a continuous frame. A self-adhesive tape is preferably used which is peeled off again after the photosensitive material is applied. Here, adhesive tapes that can be peeled off again without leaving residues are preferably used. Adhesive tape means a plastic film or paper layer coated on one side with an adhesive substance.
Preferably, before the masking strip is removed, the contour of the cut is driven along the masking strip on the side directed toward the coating made of photosensitive material with a cutting tool, such as a knife or a laser, in such a way that a clean edge of the coating made of photosensitive material is produced.
The bent glass pane is made of glass, particularly preferably soda-lime glass, as is customary for window panes. However, the glass plate can also be made of other glass types, such as quartz glass, borosilicate glass or aluminosilicate glass, or of a rigid transparent plastic, such as polycarbonate or polymethyl methacrylate. The glass plate may be transparent or may also be tinted or dyed.
The invention also relates to a device for coating curved glass sheets with a photosensitive material having rheological properties. According to the invention, the device comprises at least one conveying means for moving the curved glass sheet along a track at a feed speed and an application device arranged above the track extending transversely to the track for producing a curtain of photosensitive material falling freely from above onto the curved glass sheet to be coated at a flow speed from above.
Preferably, the speed of feed of the bent glass sheet and/or the distance between the application device and the bent glass sheet can be varied. The flow speed of the curtain formed of photosensitive material can be adjusted by the distance between the application device and the bent glass sheet. The thickness of the coating applied to the surface can in turn be adjusted by the feed rate and the flow rate.
Preferably, the conveying means are designed such that the angle of inclination of the glass sheet to be coated is variable. Adjusting the inclination angle at which the glass sheet is conveyed with respect to the horizontal direction enables adjustment of the coating angle α.
The process parameters are preferably selected such that a coating having a thickness of 5 μm to 500 μm, preferably 10 μm to 200 μm, particularly preferably 15 μm to 150 μm, is applied to the bent glass plate.
In one embodiment, the apparatus is a slide-curtain coating apparatus (so-called sliding curtain coating apparatus) comprising at least a slit configured to discharge the photosensitive material and a slide having an inclined surface, over which the photosensitive material flows downwards as a layer and from which the photosensitive material flows freely as a curtain from above onto the surface to be coated of the curved glass sheet.
In an alternative embodiment, the apparatus according to the invention is a slot-casting-curtain coating apparatus (also referred to as slot curtain coating apparatus) comprising at least a storage container for the photosensitive material to be applied, which storage container comprises a slot extending vertically downwards through which the photosensitive material freely falls from above onto the curved glass sheet.
Alternatively, the apparatus can also be an overflow-curtain coating apparatus (also referred to as overflow curtain coating apparatus) or a curtain coating apparatus with rollers (also referred to as roller curtain coating apparatus).
The above-described process according to the invention is therefore in particular a slide curtain coating process, a slot curtain coating process, an overflow curtain coating process or a roller curtain coating process.
The statements made in the description of the method according to the invention for coating a glass plate with a photosensitive material having rheological properties with respect to the device used in the method also apply of course to the device itself and vice versa.
There is also provided according to the present invention a method of manufacturing a curved composite glass sheet having at least one hologram, wherein the method comprises at least the steps of:
a) providing a curved outer glass sheet having an outer surface and an inner surface, a curved inner glass sheet having an outer surface and an inner surface, and a thermoplastic interlayer,
b) according to the above-described method of coating a curved glass plate with a photosensitive material having rheological properties according to the invention the photosensitive material is applied as a hologram element on the inner surface of a curved outer glass plate or on the outer surface of a curved inner glass plate,
c) at least one hologram is generated by at least partially exposing the hologram element,
d) forming a layer stack from a curved outer glass sheet, a thermoplastic interlayer and a curved inner glass sheet, wherein the thermoplastic interlayer is arranged between the curved outer glass sheet and the curved inner glass sheet, and an inner surface of the curved outer glass sheet and an outer surface of the curved inner glass sheet face each other,
e) joining the curved outer glass sheet and the curved inner glass sheet through the thermoplastic interlayer in a lamination process into a curved composite glass sheet.
Thus, according to the present invention there is provided a method of manufacturing a curved composite glass sheet having at least one hologram, wherein the method comprises at least the steps of:
a) providing a curved outer glass sheet having an outer surface and an inner surface, a curved inner glass sheet having an outer surface and an inner surface, and a thermoplastic interlayer,
b) applying a photosensitive material having rheological properties as a holographic element on the inner surface of a curved outer glass plate or on the outer surface of a curved inner glass plate by at least the step of applying the photosensitive material on the surface of a glass plate selected from the group consisting of an outer glass plate and an inner glass plate in a coating zone, which is to be coated and is conveyed along a track by means of a conveying means at a feed speed through the coating zone, wherein in the coating zone a curtain extending transversely to the track of the curved glass plate to be coated and falling freely from above onto the surface of the curved glass plate to be coated is formed from the mass of the photosensitive material by means of an application device, the curtain having a flow speed and its drag being placed as a coating on the curved glass plate to be coated,
c) at least one hologram is produced by at least partially exposing the hologram element,
d) forming a layer stack from a curved outer glass sheet, a thermoplastic interlayer and a curved inner glass sheet, wherein the thermoplastic interlayer is arranged between the curved outer glass sheet and the curved inner glass sheet, and an inner surface of the curved outer glass sheet and an outer surface of the curved inner glass sheet face each other,
e) joining the curved outer glass sheet and the curved inner glass sheet through the thermoplastic interlayer in a lamination process into a curved composite glass sheet.
In the embodiment in which the photosensitive material comprises silver halide or dichromated gelatin, it is preferred to also perform a post-treatment process between step c) and step d), in which the one of the outer and inner glass plates on which the photosensitive material is applied in step b) is immersed by a plurality of alcohol baths each having a different concentration, followed by drying the glass plate in a drying chamber. Such process steps are known to the person skilled in the art and are therefore not discussed in detail.
The curved inner glass sheet and the curved outer glass sheet have an outer side surface (i.e., an outer surface) and an interior space-side surface (i.e., an inner surface), respectively, and a surrounding side edge extending therebetween. In the sense of the present invention, an outer surface denotes a main surface which is provided for facing the outside environment in the mounted position. In the sense of the present invention, an inner surface denotes a main surface which is provided for facing the inner space in the mounted position. The inner surface of the outer glass pane and the outer surface of the inner glass pane face each other in the composite glass according to the invention.
In the sense of the present invention, an inner glass pane denotes a glass pane facing an interior space (vehicle interior space) if a curved composite glass pane is provided for separating the interior space from the outside environment in a window opening of a vehicle or a building. The outer glass sheet represents the glass sheet facing the external environment.
The photosensitive material and thus the hologram element is preferably applied on the outer surface of the curved inner glass plate. In this embodiment, the perception of the hologram by the vehicle occupant from the interior of the vehicle is not disturbed by the thermoplastic interlayer located therebetween.
Alternatively, the photosensitive material and hence the hologram element may also be applied to the inner surface of the curved outer glass plate.
If necessary, the outer and inner glass plates are washed and dried in step a) and are thus ready for further processing.
Step c) is preferably performed before the lamination in step e) so that the lamination can be performed without the need for precautions on the unexposed photosensitive material. It is also possible, depending on the photosensitive material, that step c) is carried out after lamination.
In a preferred embodiment, the hologram is produced in step c) by exposure to laser light. This results in particularly good holograms and can be automated well.
In one embodiment of the method according to the invention, a masking strip for defining the region to be coated is arranged before step b) and is removed again after step b) or after step c).
Between the individual layers of the layer stack and the films used for producing the bent composite glass pane according to the invention, there may be layers improving the adhesion, in particular adhesion promoters. In particular, the barrier film is preferably fixed to the glass plate having the photosensitive material applied thereto by means of a tackifier so as to prevent slipping during the method.
The printing that may be present, for example an opaque cover printing (black printing in the edge region of the glass plate), is preferably applied in a screen printing process.
The lamination is preferably performed under the influence of heat, vacuum and/or pressure. Lamination processes known per se, such as autoclave processes, vacuum bag processes, vacuum ring processes, calendering processes, vacuum laminators or combinations thereof, can be used.
The embodiments already made in connection with the method of coating a curved glass plate with a photosensitive material having rheological properties in the description of the method according to the invention are of course also applicable to the coating step in the method of manufacturing a curved composite glass plate having at least one hologram.
It will be appreciated that the method may also comprise providing an additional thermoplastic interlayer which is inserted into the stack of layers and by which the curved outer glass sheet and the curved inner glass sheet are now joined to each other also in the laminating step.
The invention also relates to a curved composite glass sheet having at least one hologram made according to the method according to the invention described above.
The statements made in the description of the method according to the invention for producing a curved composite glass pane having at least one hologram with respect to the curved composite glass pane obtained by the method also apply of course to the curved composite glass pane itself and vice versa.
The curved composite glass sheet according to the present invention comprises at least one hologram. The curved composite glass sheet includes at least one stacked sequence of a curved outer glass sheet, a thermoplastic interlayer, and a curved inner glass sheet. In this case, the hologram element with the circumferential edge is arranged directly on the inner surface of the curved outer glass pane or on the outer surface of the curved inner glass pane. The hologram element is in direct contact with the inner surface of the curved outer glass plate or with the outer surface of the curved inner glass plate and is not fixed to the respective glass plate by means of a carrier film or a separate adhesive layer. Preferably, the hologram element is arranged on the outer surface of the curved inner glass plate.
The thermoplastic interlayer may in one embodiment have protrusions beyond the hologram element on all sides. In this embodiment, the hologram element is smaller in area than the thermoplastic intermediate layer and is extended beyond by the thermoplastic intermediate layer on all sides. The thermoplastic interlayer is used for gluing the bent outer glass sheet and the bent inner glass sheet and is therefore identical in area to the bent outer glass sheet and the bent inner glass sheet. The hologram element preferably does not reach the edge of the glass sheet, whereas the thermoplastic interlayer reaches all the way to the edge of the glass sheet. In this embodiment, the hologram element is sealed in the curved composite glass pane on its circumferential edge by the thermoplastic intermediate layer or other layers arranged there and is therefore protected against external influences, such as moisture and cleaning agents.
Preferably, the hologram elements are not arranged on the entire surface of the glass plate, i.e. a masking strip for delimiting the area to be coated is arranged before step b), and a barrier film having a cut-out is arranged between the thermoplastic interlayer and the glass plate on which the hologram elements are arranged. The cut corresponds to the area in which the hologram element is arranged after removal of the masking strip after step b) or c). In this case, in the method of manufacturing a bent composite glass sheet according to the present invention, a barrier film is additionally inserted when the layer stack is formed in step d). A hologram element is disposed within and completely fills the cutout. The barrier film has a shape of a surrounding frame and is in direct contact with a surrounding edge of the hologram element. Thus, the hologram element and the barrier film are located in the same plane of the layer stack and are in contact along their edges, wherein their contact faces are substantially orthogonal to the glass sheet faces of the composite glass sheet. In the composite glass pane according to the invention, the blocking film in the form of a surrounding frame compensates for local differences in thickness between the region with the hologram element and the surrounding region. According to the invention, the barrier film is not arranged to overlap the hologram element, but to abut the circumferential edge of the hologram element only in the immediate vicinity of the hologram element, whereby the thickness difference can be compensated. Accordingly, the composite glass sheet having the hologram element has not only improved aging resistance but also improved durability by minimizing stress and glass breakage.
In a preferred embodiment, the light-sensitive material applied as the hologram element comprises silver halide or dichromated gelatin. They are particularly suitable materials for recording age-resistant holograms.
In a preferred embodiment, a cover film is arranged between the hologram element and the thermoplastic intermediate layer. The cover film preferably serves as a diffusion barrier for plasticizers or other substances which may diffuse from the thermoplastic intermediate layer into the hologram element and may impair the optical quality of the hologram there.
Particularly preferably, an adhesive layer is arranged between the cover film and the hologram element. The adhesive layer improves the adhesion between the hologram element and the cover film. Thus preventing delamination between these layers.
The cover film preferably comprises or consists essentially of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Polyethylene (PE), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), Polycarbonate (PC), Polyamide (PA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and/or cellulose Triacetate (TAC). These cover films act as excellent diffusion barriers for the plasticizer from the thermoplastic interlayer. The cover film preferably has a thickness of from 10 μm to 300 μm, particularly preferably from 40 μm to 200 μm, very particularly preferably from 65 μm to 150 μm.
The adhesive layer is preferably a so-called optically clear adhesive (OCA, optically clear adhesive) or a clear adhesive. This adhesive is characterized by high light transmittance, low haze, no double light refraction, high UV resistance and good aging resistance. Uncontrolled and thus undesired impairment of the light transmission or unsightly distortion can thereby be avoided. The adhesive layer preferably has an absorption in the visible spectral range of less than 5%, in particular less than 2% or even 1%, and preferably has a haze of less than 5%, in particular less than 2% or even 1%.
The adhesive layer is preferably designed as a uniform layer.
The adhesive layer preferably has a thickness of from 20 μm to 200 μm, particularly preferably from 50 μm to 150 μm, very particularly preferably from 60 μm to 100 μm. Therefore, delamination between the cover film and the hologram element is effectively prevented, and good optical performance is achieved. In addition, adhesive layers having these thicknesses are commercially available as adhesive films. The adhesive may alternatively be used in the form of a liquid adhesive.
The adhesive is preferably a chemically acting, in particular chemically curing adhesive or a UV curing agent, particularly preferably an acrylate adhesive or a silicone-based adhesive. The adhesive layer is in particular not a thermoplastically acting adhesive film, i.e. a thermoplastic film which does not bring about adhesion of the optical filter to the surface of the glass pane after heating, for example a thermoplastic film of a thermoplastic interlayer of a composite glass pane.
The thermoplastic interlayer and the optionally additional thermoplastic interlayer comprise, independently of one another, at least polyvinyl butyral (PVB), Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA), Polyurethane (PU) or copolymers or derivatives thereof or consist of the same, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and additives known to the person skilled in the art, for example plasticizers.
The thermoplastic intermediate layer preferably comprises at least one plasticizer.
Plasticizers are compounds that make plastics softer, more flexible, more pliable, and/or more elastic. They shift the thermoelastic range of the plastic to lower temperatures so that the plastic has the desired more elastic properties in the range of use temperatures. Preferred plasticizers are carboxylic acid esters, in particular the less volatile carboxylic acid esters, fats, oils, soft resins and camphor. The other plasticizers are preferably aliphatic diesters of tri-or tetraethylene glycol. It is particularly preferred to use 3G7, 3G8 or 4G7 as the plasticizer, where the first digit represents the number of ethylene glycol units and the last digit represents the number of carbon atoms in the carboxylic acid moiety of the compound. Thus, 3G8 represents triethylene glycol di (2-ethylhexanoate), i.e. formula C4H9CH (CH2CH3) CO (OCH2CH2)3O2CCH (CH2CH3) C4H9The compound of (1).
Preferably, the thermoplastic intermediate layer comprises at least 3 wt.%, preferably at least 5 wt.%, particularly preferably at least 20 wt.%, still more preferably at least 30 wt.%, in particular at least 40 wt.% of a plasticizer. The plasticizer preferably comprises or consists of triethylene glycol di (2-ethylhexanoate).
Further preferably, the thermoplastic interlayer comprises at least 60% by weight, particularly preferably at least 70% by weight, in particular at least 90% by weight, for example at least 97% by weight, of polyvinyl butyral.
The thermoplastic intermediate layer may be formed from a single film or also from more than one film.
The optional additional thermoplastic intermediate layers can likewise be formed independently of one another by a single film or also by more than one film.
The thermoplastic intermediate layer and the optionally additional thermoplastic intermediate layer can also be, independently of one another, a functional thermoplastic intermediate layer, in particular an intermediate layer having acoustic damping properties, an infrared radiation-reflecting intermediate layer, an infrared radiation-absorbing intermediate layer, a UV radiation-absorbing intermediate layer, an at least partially dyed intermediate layer and/or an at least partially pigmented intermediate layer. The thermoplastic intermediate layer or the optionally additional thermoplastic intermediate layer can therefore be, independently of one another, for example also a band-pass filter membrane.
The thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer and of the optionally additional thermoplastic intermediate layer, independently of one another, is between 30 μm and 1500 μm, preferably 50 μm to 780 μm, preferably 380 μm to 760 μm, respectively.
In a preferred embodiment, the barrier film contains up to 0.5 wt% plasticizer and prevents the plasticizer from diffusing through the barrier film. This is particularly advantageous, since the diffusion of plasticizers and other components from the thermoplastic intermediate layer or other adjoining layers into the hologram element is prevented and the aging resistance of the hologram element is therefore significantly improved. The barrier film is preferably used without a plasticizer. The thermoplastic intermediate layer comprises at least 5 wt.%, preferably at least 20 wt.% of a plasticizer.
The barrier film is preferably a polymer layer and preferably comprises or consists essentially of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Polyamide (PA), Polyethylene (PE), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), Polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), cellulose Triacetate (TAC). These materials can be obtained without plasticizers or with a plasticizer proportion of at most 0.5% by weight and thus form a good barrier for plasticizers from the thermoplastic interlayer.
Particularly preferably, the barrier film consists essentially of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) having a plasticizer proportion of at most 0.5% by weight. The PVB of the barrier film adheres particularly well to the thermoplastic interlayer and adheres very well to the second glass sheet.
The hologram element preferably has a thickness of 5 μm to 500 μm, preferably 10 μm to 200 μm, particularly preferably 15 μm to 150 μm.
The thickness of the barrier film and the thickness of the hologram element preferably differ from one another by up to 30%, particularly preferably up to 20%, in particular up to 15%. This is advantageous for covering the circumferential edge of the hologram element as wide as possible along the edge height. As the hologram element is more peripherally covered by the barrier film, its resistance to ageing is also increased due to the improved edge sealing. The inventors have found, however, that for good results the thickness of the hologram element and the barrier film need not be exactly uniform and therefore need not completely cover the edges. In view of the advantageous use of standardized film thicknesses in the production process, it may be intentionally unnecessary to completely cover the edges with a barrier film.
In a preferred embodiment, the barrier film has a thickness substantially the same as the thickness of the hologram element. In this way, particularly good resistance to aging can be achieved. Therefore, the local height difference is completely compensated by the barrier film, and stress is not generated due to the height difference. Furthermore, air inclusions in the region of the circumferential edge of the hologram element are prevented.
The barrier film has a thickness of 40 μm to 750 μm, preferably 50 μm to 500 μm. Within these ranges, various barrier films having different thicknesses are commercially available. The actual thickness of the barrier film depends on the thickness of the hologram element.
The windshield has an upper edge and a lower edge and two side edges extending between the upper edge and the lower edge. The upper edge denotes an edge provided for pointing upwards in the mounted position. The lower edge denotes an edge provided to point downward in the mounting position. The upper edge is also commonly referred to as the top edge and the lower edge as the engine edge.
The windscreen panels have a central field of view, which puts high demands on their optical quality. The central field of view must have a high light transmission (typically greater than 70%). The central field of view is in particular a field of view known to the person skilled in the art as field of view B, field of view B or zone B. The field of view B and its technical requirements are specified in the european union economic commission (UN/ECE) No. 43 regulation (ECE-R43, "uniform conditions for approval of safety glazing materials and their installation in vehicles"). There, view B is defined in appendix 18.
The hologram element is advantageously arranged in a central field of view (field of view B) in the windscreen panel. The hologram element may, but need not, cover the entire area and may also protrude beyond this area. Preferably, the hologram element extends over at least 30%, particularly preferably at least 50%, and very particularly preferably at least 80%, of the glass plate. In this way, a visible transition between the hologram element and the section without the hologram element can be avoided in the visible region of the glass pane. It is particularly preferred to arrange the hologram element such that the circumferential edge of the hologram element is arranged in the region of the opaque cover print. This has the advantage that the opaque cover print masks the transition of the hologram element to the barrier film or surrounding layer. The cover print is usually located in the edge region of the glass pane and covers the view to the mounting or gluing. The windshield panes usually have a circumferential outer cover print made of opaque enamel, which serves in particular to protect the adhesive used for mounting the pane from UV radiation and to visually conceal it. The peripheral overlay print is preferably used to also mask the surrounding edges of the hologram element. Preferably, both the outer glass pane and the inner glass pane of the bent composite glass pane have a cover print, so that a two-sided perspective in the edge region is prevented.
The hologram element may also have indentations or holes, for example in the area of a so-called sensor window or camera window. These areas are provided with sensors or cameras, the function of which may be adversely affected by the hologram element in the light path.
The hologram elements are preferably arranged over the entire width and the entire height of the curved composite glass pane, particularly preferably minus the circumferential edge region having a width of, for example, 5 mm to 50 mm. The hologram element is thus encapsulated within the thermoplastic interlayer and protected from contact with the surrounding atmosphere and from corrosion. The width of the surrounding edge area may be constant or vary along the frame.
The outer and inner glass panes are preferably made of glass, particularly preferably soda lime glass, as is customary for window panes. However, these glass plates can also be made of other glass types, such as quartz glass, borosilicate glass or aluminosilicate glass, or of rigid transparent plastics, such as polycarbonate or polymethyl methacrylate. These glass plates may be transparent or may also be tinted or dyed. The composite glass pane designed as a windshield pane must have sufficient transparency in the central viewing zone, preferably at least 70% in the main see-through region a according to ECE-R43. According to the invention, the outer glass pane and the inner glass pane are curved, i.e. they have a curvature.
The curved outer glass pane and/or the curved inner glass pane may have other suitable coatings known per se, for example anti-reflection coatings, anti-adhesion coatings, anti-scratch coatings, photocatalytic coatings or sun protection coatings or low-emissivity coatings.
The thickness of the bent outer glass sheet and the bent inner glass sheet can vary widely and is therefore adapted to the requirements in the respective case. The outer and inner glass panes preferably have a thickness of 0.5 mm to 5 mm, particularly preferably 1 mm to 3 mm.
The curved composite glass sheet may be, for example, a windshield or roof glass sheet of a vehicle or other vehicle glazing, such as a separation glass sheet in a vehicle, preferably in a rail vehicle or bus. Alternatively, the composite glass sheet may be, for example, an architectural glazing in an exterior facade of a building, or a separation glass sheet in an interior of a building.
The statements made in the description of the method according to the invention with respect to the bent composite glass sheet obtained by the method naturally also apply to the bent composite glass sheet itself and vice versa.
The invention also includes the use of a curved composite glass sheet having a hologram according to the invention as an interior glazing or an exterior glazing in a vehicle or building.
The invention also includes the use of the curved composite glass sheet according to the invention as a windscreen panel for a vehicle.
A hologram refers to a reflection hologram or a waveguide hologram arranged within a hologram element. A hologram element refers to a holographic medium, in which a hologram is contained. The hologram element is obtained by applying a photosensitive material comprising a matrix and a photosensitive substance. Holograms can be recorded in such photosensitive materials by exposure to a suitable light source. In the finished composite glass pane, the material of the hologram element is no longer photosensitive, since the photosensitive material is changed in the process to such an extent that further recording of the hologram is no longer possible. The term hologram element refers not only to the unexposed hologram element made of photosensitive material, but also to the final hologram element with the recorded hologram. According to the invention, the final hologram element comprises at least one hologram, but preferably a plurality of individual holograms.
The invention is further illustrated by means of the figures and examples. The figures are schematic and not to scale. The drawings are not intended to limit the invention in any way. Wherein:
fig. 1 shows a partial cross-section of an embodiment of the device according to the invention during the implementation of an embodiment of the method according to the invention,
fig. 2 shows a partial cross-section of another embodiment of a device according to the invention during the implementation of another embodiment of a method according to the invention,
fig. 3 shows a partial cross-section of another embodiment of a device according to the invention during the implementation of another embodiment of a method according to the invention,
figure 4 shows a cross section of a bent glass sheet having a coating applied thereon with a non-uniform thickness,
figure 5 shows a cross-section of one embodiment of a curved composite glass sheet according to the present invention,
figure 6 shows a cross-section of another embodiment of a curved composite glass sheet according to the present invention,
fig. 7 shows an embodiment of a method according to the invention for producing a curved composite glass pane having at least one hologram element by means of a flow chart.
Fig. 1 shows a partial cross section of an embodiment of a device 10 according to the invention during the process according to the invention for coating a curved glass plate 1 with a photosensitive material 2 in a coating zone. The apparatus 10 according to the invention shown in fig. 1 is a slide-curtain coating apparatus and comprises a conveying means 3 for conveying the curved glass sheet 1 along a track through a coating zone at a feed speed and an application device 5. In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the conveyance means 3 is a conveyor belt that conveys the bent glass sheet 1 in the direction indicated by R1. Above the conveyor belt an application device 5 is arranged. In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, it comprises a reservoir (not shown in fig. 1) comprising a slit for discharging the photosensitive material 2 and a slide with an inclined surface, over which the photosensitive material 2 flows down as a layer. The reservoir is filled with the photosensitive material 2 through the inflow opening. A free-falling curtain 4 of a mass of photosensitive material 2, which has a flow velocity and whose drag 6 is placed as a coating on the curved glass sheet 1, falls from above from the slide onto the surface of the curved glass sheet 1.
The bent glass plate 1 is made of soda lime glass, for example, and is 2.1 mm thick. The photosensitive material 2 comprises, for example, dichromated gelatin and is placed as a coating with a thickness of 20 μm on the curved glass plate 1. Alternatively, the photosensitive material may also contain silver halide. The inclination of the slide is e.g. 45 °, e.g. the flow speed of the curtain is adjusted such that the volume of flow per unit time and curtain width is 2 to 6 cm dry (s cm) and the height of the free falling curtain is e.g. 200 mm. In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the curved glass sheet 1 is convexly curved and the coating is applied to the convex surface.
In fig. 1, a curtain formed of a photosensitive material 2 is perpendicularly struck on a curved glass plate 1. The flow direction of the photosensitive material 2 thus corresponds to the normal of the glass plate to be coated. Thus, in this embodiment, the coating angle α (not shown in fig. 1) is 0 °.
Fig. 2 shows a partial cross-section of another embodiment of a device 10 according to the invention during the implementation of another embodiment of the method according to the invention. The embodiment shown in fig. 2 differs from the embodiment shown in fig. 1 only in that the conveying means 3 is designed as a roller conveyor, the rollers of which rotate in the direction indicated by R2, and the photosensitive material 2 is applied as a coating onto the concave surface of the curved glass sheet 1.
Fig. 3 shows a partial cross section of another embodiment of a device 10 according to the invention during the method according to the invention for coating a curved glass plate 1 with a photosensitive material 2 in a coating zone. The apparatus 10 according to the invention shown in fig. 3 is a slot-casting-curtain coating apparatus and comprises a conveying means 3 for conveying the curved glass sheet 1 along a track through a coating zone at a feed speed and an application device 5. In the embodiment shown in fig. 3, the conveyance means 3 is a conveyor belt that conveys the bent glass sheet 1 in the direction indicated by R1. Above the conveyor belt an application device 5 is arranged. In the embodiment shown in fig. 3, it comprises a reservoir comprising a vertically downwardly extending slit through which the photosensitive material 2 freely falls from above onto the curved glass plate 1. The reservoir is filled with the photosensitive material 2 through the inflow opening. The free-falling curtain 4 falls at a flow velocity from above onto the surface of the bent glass sheet 1 and its drag 6 is placed as a coating on the bent glass sheet 1.
The bent glass plate 1 is made of soda lime glass, for example, and is 1.6 mm thick. The photosensitive material 2 contains, for example, silver halide and is placed as a coating with a thickness of 45 μm on the curved glass plate 1. Alternatively, the photosensitive material may also comprise dichromated gelatin. The flow rate of the curtain is adjusted, for example, such that the volume of flow per unit time and curtain width is 2 to 6 cm dry (s cm) and the height of the free-falling curtain is, for example, 300 mm. In the embodiment shown in fig. 3, the curved glass sheet 1 is convexly curved and the coating is applied to the convex surface.
Fig. 4 shows a cross section of a bent glass plate 1 having a coating applied with a photosensitive material 2 at a non-uniform thickness thereon. In fig. 4 it can be seen that due to the difference in thickness of the coating, the angle of incidence β of the radiation used for recording or for activating the hologram in different regions of the glass plate1And beta2Is different. Therefore, in the case of non-uniform layer thickness, recording and activation are poor. Furthermore, an inhomogeneous layer thickness of the photosensitive material may lead to optical distortions.
By the method according to the invention, a curved glass plate can be coated with a photosensitive material in a uniform thickness, so that the recording and activation of the hologram is improved and the optical distortion is reduced.
FIG. 5 shows a cross section of one embodiment of a curved composite glass sheet 100 having a hologram according to the present invention. The curved composite glass sheet 100 comprises an outer glass sheet 11 and an inner glass sheet 12 joined to each other by a thermoplastic interlayer 7. The outer glass pane 11 has an outer surface I and an inner surface II, and the inner glass pane 12 has an outer surface III and an inner surface IV. In the embodiment shown in fig. 5, the photosensitive material 2 is applied as a hologram element 9 over the entire surface on the outer surface III of the inner glass plate 12. The coating of the outer surface III of the inner glass pane 12 is effected, for example, by means of the device 10 shown in fig. 1. The hologram element 9 has, for example, a hologram. The outer glass plate 11 is made of soda lime glass, for example, and is 2.1 mm thick. The inner glass plate 12 is made of soda lime glass, for example, and is 1.6 mm thick. The composite glass sheet 100 may be, for example, a windshield sheet. The thermoplastic interlayer 7 comprises a thermoplastic film having a thickness of 0.76 mm and comprises, for example, 78% by weight of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and 20% by weight of triethylene glycol di (2-ethylhexanoate) as plasticizer. The hologram element 9 comprises dichromated gelatin and has a thickness of 10 μm to 45 μm, for example 20 μm.
FIG. 6 shows a cross section of another embodiment of a curved composite glass sheet 100 having a hologram according to the present invention. The embodiment shown in fig. 6 differs from the embodiment shown in fig. 5 only in that the photosensitive material 2 applied as hologram element 9 is not applied to the outer surface III of the inner glass pane 12 in its entirety, but rather the circumferential edge region is subtracted. Furthermore, in the embodiment shown in fig. 6, the peripheral covering print 8 is applied on the inner surface II of the outer glass plate 11.
Fig. 7 shows an embodiment of a method according to the invention for producing a curved composite glass pane 100 with at least one hologram element 9 by means of a flow chart.
The method comprises as a first step P1 providing a curved outer glass sheet 11 having an outer surface I and an inner surface II, a curved inner glass sheet 12 having an outer surface III and an inner surface IV, and a thermoplastic interlayer 7.
In a second step P2, the method comprises applying a photosensitive material 2 having rheological properties as a hologram element 9 on an inner surface II of a curved outer glass pane 11 or on an outer surface III of a curved inner glass 12 by at least the following steps: in a coating zone, a light-sensitive material 2 is applied to the surface of a glass sheet selected from the group consisting of an outer glass sheet 11 and an inner glass sheet 12, which is to be coated and is conveyed along a path by means of a conveying means 3 at a feed speed through the coating zone, wherein in the coating zone a curtain 4 extending transversely to the path of the curved glass sheet to be coated, is formed from a mass of the light-sensitive material 2 by means of an application device 5, said curtain having a flow speed and having a drag 6 thereof as a coating placed on the curved glass sheet 1 to be coated, freely falling from above onto the surface of the curved glass sheet to be coated.
In a third step P3, at least one hologram is generated by at least locally exposing the hologram element 9.
In a fourth step P4, the method shown in fig. 7 comprises forming a stack of layers from a bent outer glass sheet 11, a thermoplastic interlayer 7 and a bent inner glass sheet 12, wherein the thermoplastic interlayer 7 is arranged between the bent outer glass sheet 11 and the bent inner glass sheet 12, and the inner surface II of the bent outer glass sheet 11 and the outer surface III of the bent inner glass sheet 12 face each other.
In a fifth step P5, the method includes joining the curved outer glass sheet 11 and the curved inner glass sheet 12 into a curved composite glass sheet 100 in a lamination process via the thermoplastic interlayer 7.
List of reference numbers:
1 glass plate
2 photosensitive material
3 conveying tool
4 free falling curtain
5 applying device
6 towing article
7 thermoplastic interlayer
8 overlay print
9 hologram element
10 device
11 outer glass plate
12 inner glass plate
100 composite glass plate
Outer surface of the outer glass plate 11
II inner surface of outer glass pane 11
III outer surface of inner glass pane 12
Inner surface of IV inner glass pane 12
R1 conveying direction of glass plate 1
Direction of rotation of R2 roller
β1、β2The angle of incidence.
Claims (15)
1. Method for coating a curved glass pane (1) with a photosensitive material (2) having rheological properties, at least comprising the step of applying the photosensitive material (2) to the surface of the curved glass pane (1) in a coating zone, the curved glass pane being conveyed along a track by means of a conveying means (3) at a feed speed through the coating zone,
wherein in the coating zone a curtain (4) extending transversely to the trajectory of the curved glass sheet (1) and freely falling from above onto the surface of the curved glass sheet (1) is formed from the mass of photosensitive material (2) by means of an application device (5), said curtain having a flow speed and the drag (6) thereof being placed as a coating on the curved glass sheet (1).
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the curved glass sheet (1) is curved in one or more directions in space and the radius of curvature or radii of curvature are independently of each other 10 cm to 40 m.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the feed rate of the curved glass sheet (1) and the flow rate of the free-falling curtain (4) are matched to the geometry of the curved glass sheet (1) and the rheological properties of the photosensitive material (2).
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the photosensitive material (2) comprises silver halide or dichromated gelatin.
5. The method according to any of the claims 1 to 4, wherein the height of the curtain (4) is adjusted to 100 to 300 mm.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the coating angle a is adjusted to-20 ° to 45 °.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising drying the photosensitive material (2) applied on the curved glass sheet (1), wherein the drying is preferably carried out in a hot air chamber at a temperature of 20 ℃ to 250 ℃, preferably 50 ℃ to 150 ℃, particularly preferably 70 ℃ to 120 ℃.
8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the curved glass sheet (1) is coated with an adhesion promoter or primer coating or pretreated by plasma activation at least in the area where the photosensitive material (2) is applied.
9. Apparatus (10) for coating a curved glass sheet (1) with a photosensitive material (2) having rheological properties, said apparatus comprising at least a conveying means (3) for moving the curved glass sheet (1) along a track at a feed speed and an application device (5) arranged above the track extending transversely to the track for producing a curtain of photosensitive material (2) falling freely from above onto the curved glass sheet (1) to be coated at a flow speed from the application device.
10. The apparatus (10) according to claim 9, wherein the feed speed of the bent glass sheet (1) is variable.
11. Apparatus (10) according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the distance between the application device (5) and the bent glass sheet (1) is variable.
12. Method of manufacturing a curved composite glass sheet (100) having at least one hologram, the method comprising at least the steps of:
a) providing a curved outer glass sheet (11) having an outer surface (I) and an inner surface (II), a curved inner glass sheet (12) having an outer surface (III) and an inner surface (IV), and a thermoplastic interlayer (7),
b) the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the photosensitive material (2) is applied as a hologram element (9) on the inner surface (II) of the curved outer glass pane (11) or on the outer surface (III) of the curved inner glass pane (12),
c) at least one hologram is produced by at least locally exposing the hologram element (9),
d) forming a layer stack from a curved outer glass sheet (11), a thermoplastic interlayer (7) and a curved inner glass sheet (12), wherein the thermoplastic interlayer (7) is arranged between the curved outer glass sheet (11) and the curved inner glass sheet (12) and an inner surface (II) of the curved outer glass sheet (11) and an outer surface (III) of the curved inner glass sheet (12) face each other,
e) -joining the curved outer glass sheet (11) and the curved inner glass sheet (12) in a lamination process by means of the thermoplastic interlayer (7) into a curved composite glass sheet (100).
13. A method of manufacturing a curved composite glass sheet (100) with a hologram according to claim 12 wherein in step (b) a photosensitive material (2) is applied as a hologram element (9) onto the outer surface (III) of the curved inner glass sheet (12).
14. Curved composite glass sheet (100) with at least one hologram made in the method according to any of claims 12 or 13.
15. Use of a curved composite glass sheet (100) according to claim 14 as an interior or exterior glazing in a vehicle or building, in particular as a vehicle glass sheet in a land, water and air vehicle, in particular in a motor vehicle, in particular as a windscreen sheet serving as a projection surface.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20195950.9 | 2020-09-14 | ||
| EP20195950 | 2020-09-14 | ||
| PCT/EP2021/074782 WO2022053548A1 (en) | 2020-09-14 | 2021-09-09 | Method and apparatus for coating a curved pane with a photosensitive material |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114531874A true CN114531874A (en) | 2022-05-24 |
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| CN202180004013.4A Pending CN114531874A (en) | 2020-09-14 | 2021-09-09 | Method and apparatus for coating curved glass sheets with photosensitive material |
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| CN (1) | CN114531874A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2022053548A1 (en) |
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