CN114513661B - Intra-frame image mode decision method and system based on direction detection - Google Patents
Intra-frame image mode decision method and system based on direction detection Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for deciding an intra-frame image mode based on direction detection, which relate to the technical field of image processing and mainly comprise the following steps: acquiring the sum of the square differences of sample values at corresponding positions of the target coding block and the direction coding blocks in each reference direction respectively; establishing an optimization mode list according to a reference direction corresponding to the sum of the minimum square differences and an angle prediction mode corresponding to the adjacent reference direction of the edge of the reference direction; acquiring the most probable modes of a preset number in adjacent coding blocks of a target coding block, and supplementing an optimized mode list; and coding as an intra-frame image coding mode according to the mode with the minimum rate distortion cost in the optimized mode list. The invention selects the intra-frame prediction mode and creates the optimized mode list by comparing the similarity of the current coding block and the direction coding block in each reference direction, thereby reducing a large amount of calculation caused by global mode decision and reducing the coding time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of image processing, in particular to an intra-frame image mode decision method and system based on direction detection.
Background
With the increasing demand of applications such as digital television broadcasting, video streaming, video content storage, etc. for ultra high definition digital video, video coding is an important research field. High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is the ITU-T and ISO/IEC most advanced video coding standard. It was released by the joint collaboration team of the ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) and the ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) in 2013. The HEVC intra prediction module reduces spatial redundancy of a video frame by referencing samples from previously coded blocks located above and to the left of a target Coded Block (CB). In HEVC, the allowed target coding block sizes are 4 × 4 (inner only), 8 × 8, 16 × 16, 32 × 32, and 64 × 64 samples. Specifically, in the HEVC standard, intra prediction occurs at the transform coding block (TB) level, and 35 prediction modes are defined for four different transform coding block sizes (4 × 4, 8 × 8, 16 × 16, 32 × 32).
While the large number of target coding block sizes and prediction modes improves the prediction accuracy, it also increases the computational complexity in global mode decision. Therefore, how to reduce the computational complexity in the global mode decision process and improve the coding efficiency while ensuring the prediction accuracy is a problem to be researched by the invention.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of low coding efficiency caused by massive calculation of global mode decision under a large number of target coding blocks and prediction modes, the invention provides an intra-frame image mode decision method based on direction detection, which comprises the following steps:
s1: acquiring the sum of the square differences of sample values at corresponding positions of the target coding block and the direction coding blocks in each reference direction respectively;
s2: establishing an optimization mode list according to a reference direction corresponding to the sum of the minimum square differences and an angle prediction mode corresponding to the adjacent reference direction of the edge of the reference direction;
s3: acquiring the most probable modes of a preset number in adjacent coding blocks of a target coding block, and supplementing an optimized mode list;
s4: and coding as an intra-frame image coding mode according to the mode with the minimum rate distortion cost in the optimized mode list.
Further, the step of S2 is preceded by the step of:
s11: according to a reference direction corresponding to the sum of the minimum square differences, acquiring a direction coding block in an orthogonal direction corresponding to the reference direction;
s12: acquiring the sum of the orthogonal square differences of sample values at corresponding positions of coding blocks between a direction coding block and a target coding block in the orthogonal direction;
s13: judging whether the difference between the sum of the orthogonal square differences and the sum of the minimum square differences is larger than a preset difference, if so, entering a step S14, otherwise, entering a step S2;
s14: an optimization mode list is constructed in a planar mode and a non-angular mode, and the process proceeds to step S3.
Further, the reference directions are eight directions in which a plane is sixteen-equally divided with the horizontal direction as a starting direction.
Further, the sum of the squared differences is obtained as follows:
in the formula, E d Is the sum of squared differences, p is expressed as the p-th sample in the target coding block,
the sample value of the P sample in the target coding block is taken, max is the maximum number of lines of the current direction coding block, P d,k And carrying out line division on the k-th line sample set in the reference direction d for the target coding block.
Further, when the depth of the target coding block is greater than the depth of the directional coding block, the target coding block needs to be scaled equally.
The invention also provides an intra-frame image mode decision system based on direction detection, which comprises:
the direction determining module is used for acquiring the sum of square differences of sample values at corresponding positions of the coding blocks between the target coding block and the direction coding blocks in each reference direction respectively, and selecting the smallest sum of the square differences as the reference direction;
the list creating module is used for creating an optimized mode list according to the reference direction and the angle prediction mode corresponding to the adjacent reference direction of the edge of the reference direction;
the list completion module is used for acquiring the most probable modes of a preset number in adjacent coding blocks of the target coding block and completing an optimized mode list;
and the image coding module is used for coding as an intra-frame image coding mode according to the mode with the minimum rate distortion cost in the optimized mode list.
Further, the list creation module further comprises:
and the homogeneity judgment unit is used for acquiring the direction coding blocks in the orthogonal direction corresponding to the reference direction, the sum of orthogonal square differences of sample values at corresponding positions of the coding blocks between the direction coding blocks in the orthogonal direction and the target coding block, and constructing an optimized mode list in a plane mode and a non-angle mode when the difference between the sum of the orthogonal square differences and the sum of the minimum square differences is greater than a preset difference.
Further, the reference directions are eight directions in which a plane is sixteen-equally divided with the horizontal direction as a starting direction.
Further, the sum of the squared differences is obtained as follows:
in the formula, E d Is the sum of squared differences, p is expressed as the p-th sample in the target coding block,
the sample value of the P sample in the target coding block is taken, max is the maximum row number of the coding block in the current direction, P d,k And carrying out line division on the k-th line sample set in the reference direction d for the target coding block.
Further, when the depth of the target coding block is greater than the depth of the directional coding block, the target coding block needs to be scaled equally.
Compared with the prior art, the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
the method and the system for deciding the intra-frame image mode based on the direction detection, provided by the invention, consider the characteristic that the moving image can be coded according to the moving direction in the intra-frame image coding process, can quickly decide the approximate moving direction of the current coding block by comparing the similarity of the current coding block and the direction coding block in each reference direction, and can select the intra-frame prediction mode and establish the optimized mode list according to the direction, thereby reducing a large amount of calculation amount caused by the global mode decision, further improving the overall coding efficiency and reducing the coding time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of method steps for an intra picture mode decision method based on direction detection;
FIG. 2 is a system block diagram of an intra picture mode decision system based on direction detection;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a direction encoding block in each reference direction.
Detailed Description
The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and are further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
Example one
The HEVC test model (HM) uses a fast local mode decision algorithm called coarse mode decision (RMD) from the earliest version with reference to the encoder. In HM version 16.20, RMD reduces the list of modes (RD-list) sent to Rate Distortion Optimization (RDO) to 8. However, RMD is calculated by summing the absolute transform differences (SATD) between the target coding block and all 35 prediction modes in the HEVC standard, including planar mode 0, non-angular mode 1, and angular prediction modes 2-34, and then selecting the mode with the lowest SATD value to insert into the RD list. And three Most Probable Modes (MPMs) obtained by looking at the intra-frame prediction mode decided by the adjacent coding blocks are added into the RD list together, thereby improving the quality of the result generated by RMD. Wherein a reduced RD list is created using eight best candidates if the size of the target coding block is 4 × 4 or 8 × 8, or three best candidates if the size of the target coding block is 16 × 16, 32 × 32, or 64 × 64. Finally, if these patterns are not already contained in the RMD, the MPM candidates are added to the list. And finally, the RD list is sent to an RDO algorithm for final mode decision.
According to the analysis, it can be seen that reducing the amount of computation required in the process of constructing the RD-list in the prediction stage is crucial, because the RDO process requires the coding block to perform overall prediction and cyclic reconstruction through the entropy coder, and thus is a bottleneck of the video coder. To solve the above problem, as shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides an intra image mode decision method based on direction detection, comprising the steps of:
s1: acquiring the sum of the square differences of sample values at corresponding positions of the target coding block and the direction coding blocks in each reference direction respectively;
s2: establishing an optimization mode list according to a reference direction corresponding to the sum of the minimum square differences and an angle prediction mode corresponding to the adjacent reference direction of the edge of the reference direction;
s3: acquiring the most probable modes of a preset number in adjacent coding blocks of a target coding block, and supplementing an optimized mode list;
s4: and coding as an intra-frame image coding mode according to the mode with the minimum rate distortion cost in the optimized mode list.
The invention takes the reduction of the number of intra-frame prediction modes needing rate distortion optimization as a starting point to serve as the optimization direction of intra-frame image coding. Before the rate distortion cost calculation is carried out on the target intra-frame prediction mode to obtain the optimization mode list, if the motion direction of the current target coding block can be judged, the rate distortion cost calculation of unnecessary intra-frame prediction modes can be greatly reduced. Based on this, the present invention divides the motion direction of the target coding block by eight reference directions (noted as d, ranging from 0 to 7, eight directions in which the plane is divided into sixteen equal parts with the horizontal direction as the starting direction). As shown in fig. 3, eight reference directions correspond to eight directional encoding blocks, each of which is embodied as a k-row arrangement in a direction d, wherein all samples on the k-th row along a given reference direction d have exactly the same value. If the moving direction of the target coding block is approximate to a certain reference direction d, then each row of sample values of the target coding block divided by the direction row inevitably has data similarity with the direction coding block corresponding to the reference direction on the whole sample distribution, that is, the Sum of Squared Differences (SSD) of the target coding block is the smallest among all direction coding blocks compared with the direction coding block in the direction.
In particular, for each direction d, and the k-th line of samples in that direction, the average of the line samples
Can be defined as the following formula (1), wherein,
the sample value (specifically, pixel value, ranging from-128 to 127) of the P-th sample in the target coding block is taken as max, the maximum row number of the coding block in the current direction is taken as P d,k Set of samples of the k-th line, N, with line division in the reference direction d for the target coding block d,k Is P d,k The number of samples contained in (a). It should be noted that, since the number of rows and columns of the directional coding blocks is constant, if the coding depth of the target coding block is not consistent with the depth (8 × 8) of the directional coding block, the target coding block needs to be scaled proportionally.
And the sum of squared differences E between the target coding block and the directional coding block in the reference direction d d (indicating the amount of error therebetween) can be expressed as the following equation (2).
After the simplification of substituting equation (1) into equation (2), the sum of squared differences can be expressed as equation (3).
Further, since the first term of equation (3) refers only to samples from the target coding block, it is constant with respect to the variable d. Therefore, this term can be removed from the equation, and we do not need to minimize the error E d Only the maximum sum S is required d And can be expressed as formula (4).
After all eight directional coding blocks are calculated, the highest S is selected d (corresponding to the minimum E d ) The direction of (d) is taken as the reference direction corresponding to the current coding block. Based on the reference direction and the angle prediction modes corresponding to the adjacent reference directions of the reference direction, an optimized mode list can be established, wherein the angle prediction modes corresponding to the reference directions are shown in table 1:
table 1: optimized mode list for heterogeneous blocks
It should be noted that, since the coding blocks have a uniform motion state and a severe motion state, which correspond to mode 0 and mode 1, respectively, and the angular prediction mode is no longer applicable, the present invention defines this type of coding blocks as homogeneous coding blocks. The direction coding blocks in the orthogonal direction of the reference direction corresponding to the homogeneous coding blocks have certain characteristics with the homogeneous coding blocks, namely the sum of the minimum square deviations between the target coding blocks and the direction coding blocks in the reference direction and the sum of the orthogonal square deviations between the target coding blocks and the direction coding blocks in the orthogonal direction, and if the difference between the sum of the orthogonal square deviations and the sum of the minimum square deviations is larger than a preset difference, the current target coding block is judged to be the heterogeneous coding block. Therefore, before the step of S2, the method further includes the steps of:
s11: according to a reference direction corresponding to the sum of the minimum square differences, acquiring a direction coding block in an orthogonal direction corresponding to the reference direction;
s12: acquiring the sum of orthogonal square differences of sample values at corresponding positions of coding blocks between a direction coding block and a target coding block in an orthogonal direction;
s13: judging whether the difference value between the sum of the orthogonal square differences and the sum of the minimum square differences is larger than a preset difference value, if so, entering step S14, otherwise, entering step S2;
s14: an optimization mode list is constructed in a planar mode and a non-angular mode, and the process proceeds to step S3.
The above is described by the formula, which can be expressed as follows:
in the formula, S dd For maximum sum between target coding block and reference direction coding block, S od For maximum integration between the target coding block and the directional coding block in the orthogonal direction, E od Is the sum of the squared differences of orthogonality, E dd The sum of the minimum squared differences is obtained, and Th is a preset difference value; h r Indicates the selection decision of the target coding block when H r At 0 (corresponding to a state where the difference between the sum of the orthogonal squared differences and the sum of the minimum squared differences is greater than a preset difference), representing that the target coding block is a homogeneous coding block, a very small mode list is created from the set {0,1} modes. Otherwise, when H r And when the reference direction is 1, the code block is determined to be a heterogeneous coding block, and the creation of the optimized mode list is carried out according to the calculated reference direction and the corresponding adjacent reference direction.
Finally, no matter the homogeneous coding block or the heterogeneous coding block, the Most Probable Modes (MPM) of the preset number in the adjacent coding block are supplemented into the optimized mode list, so that the mode with the minimum rate-distortion cost can be selected according to the optimized mode list to encode the current coding block.
In summary, in the method and system for deciding an intra-frame image mode based on direction detection according to the present invention, considering that for a moving image, the image can be coded according to the moving direction in the intra-frame image coding process, by comparing the similarity between the current coding block and the direction coding block in each reference direction, the approximate moving direction of the current coding block can be quickly decided, and the intra-frame prediction mode is selected and the optimized mode list is created according to the direction, so that a large amount of calculation amount caused by the global mode decision is reduced, the overall coding efficiency is improved, and the coding time is reduced.
Example two
In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, the present embodiment explains the invention in the form of a system structure, as shown in fig. 2, an intra image mode decision system based on direction detection includes:
the direction determining module is used for acquiring the sum of square differences of sample values at corresponding positions of the coding blocks between the target coding block and the direction coding blocks in each reference direction respectively, and selecting the smallest sum of the square differences as the reference direction;
the list creating module is used for creating an optimized mode list according to the reference direction and the angle prediction mode corresponding to the adjacent reference direction of the edge of the reference direction;
the list completion module is used for acquiring the most probable modes of a preset number in adjacent coding blocks of the target coding block and completing an optimized mode list;
and the image coding module is used for coding as an intra-frame image coding mode according to the mode with the minimum rate distortion cost in the optimized mode list.
Further, the list creation module further comprises:
and the homogeneity judgment unit is used for acquiring the direction coding blocks in the orthogonal direction corresponding to the reference direction, the sum of orthogonal square differences of sample values at corresponding positions of the coding blocks between the direction coding blocks in the orthogonal direction and the target coding block, and constructing an optimized mode list in a plane mode and a non-angle mode when the difference between the sum of the orthogonal square differences and the sum of the minimum square differences is greater than a preset difference.
Further, the reference directions are eight directions in which the plane is sixteen-equally divided with the horizontal direction as a starting direction.
Further, the sum of squared differences may be obtained as follows:
in the formula, E d Is the sum of squared differences, p is expressed as the p-th sample in the target coding block,
the sample value of the P sample in the target coding block is taken, max is the maximum row number of the coding block in the current direction, P d,k And carrying out line division on the k-th line sample set in the reference direction d for the target coding block.
Further, when the depth of the target coding block is greater than the depth of the directional coding block, the target coding block needs to be scaled equally.
EXAMPLE III
The technical effect of the invention is verified by a group of specific simulation data, the performance of the algorithm is verified by comparing the rate distortion and the computational complexity of the algorithm provided by the invention and HEVC reference software, and a standard HEVC video sequence is adopted in an experimental test.
Specifically, in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, BD-br (bjontegaard delta bitrate) is used to evaluate the overall rate-distortion characteristics of the proposed algorithm, and the reduced coding computation complexity is measured by the average saved coding time (Δ T).
In the formula, T HM (QP i ) And T pro (QP i ) I is a constant from 1 to 4, which is the coding time of the reference software and the coding time of the algorithm provided by the invention under different quantization parameter QP values. The experimental results are shown in table 2, and it can be seen that the algorithm provided by the present invention can reduce the encoding time by 31% compared with the algorithm in the reference software, and the encoding efficiency is only lost by 1%.
Table 2: list of experimental results
It should be noted that all the directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
Moreover, descriptions of the present invention as relating to "first," "second," "a," etc. are for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicit ly indicating a number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "secured" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral part; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be interconnected within two elements or in a relationship where two elements interact with each other unless otherwise specifically limited. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In addition, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination of technical solutions should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An intra picture mode decision method based on direction detection, comprising the steps of:
s1: acquiring the sum of the square differences of sample values at corresponding positions of a target coding block and a direction coding block between the target coding block and the direction coding block in each reference direction;
s2: establishing an optimization mode list according to a reference direction corresponding to the sum of the minimum square differences and an angle prediction mode corresponding to the adjacent reference direction of the edge of the reference direction;
s3: acquiring the most probable modes of a preset number in adjacent coding blocks of a target coding block, and supplementing an optimized mode list;
s4: coding as an intra-frame image coding mode according to the mode with the minimum rate distortion cost in the optimized mode list;
the reference directions are eight directions which are used for dividing a plane into sixteen equal parts by taking the horizontal direction as the starting direction;
the sum of the squared differences is obtained as follows:
in the formula, E d Is the sum of squared differences, p is expressed as the p-th sample in the target coding block,
the sample value of the P sample in the target coding block is taken, max is the maximum row number of the coding block in the current direction, P d,k Sample set of k-th line with line division in reference direction d for target coding blockCombining;
the adjacent reference directions of the sides are adjacent reference directions which are positioned at two sides of the reference direction corresponding to the sum of the least squares difference.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of S2 is preceded by the step of:
s11: according to the reference direction corresponding to the sum of the minimum square differences, acquiring a direction coding block in the orthogonal direction corresponding to the reference direction;
s12: acquiring the sum of orthogonal square differences of sample values at corresponding positions of coding blocks between a direction coding block and a target coding block in an orthogonal direction;
s13: judging whether the difference value between the sum of the orthogonal square differences and the sum of the minimum square differences is larger than a preset difference value, if so, entering step S14, otherwise, entering step S2;
s14: an optimization mode list is constructed in a planar mode and a non-angular mode, and the process proceeds to step S3.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein when the depth of the target coding block is greater than the depth of the directional coding block, the target coding block needs to be scaled equally.
4. An intra image mode decision system based on direction detection, comprising:
the direction determining module is used for acquiring the sum of square differences of sample values at corresponding positions of the target coding block and the direction coding block between the target coding block and the direction coding block in each reference direction respectively, and selecting the smallest sum of the square differences as the reference direction;
the list creating module is used for creating an optimization mode list according to the reference direction and the angle prediction mode corresponding to the edge adjacent reference direction of the reference direction;
the list completion module is used for acquiring the most probable modes of a preset number in adjacent coding blocks of the target coding block and completing an optimized mode list;
the image coding module is used for coding as an intra-frame image coding mode according to the mode with the minimum rate distortion cost in the optimized mode list;
the reference directions are eight directions which are used for dividing a plane into sixteen equal parts by taking the horizontal direction as the starting direction;
the sum of the squared differences is obtained as follows:
in the formula, E d Is the sum of squared differences, p is expressed as the p-th sample in the target coding block,
the sample value of the P sample in the target coding block is taken, max is the maximum row number of the coding block in the current direction, P d,k Carrying out line division on a target coding block in a reference direction d to obtain a k-th line sample set;
the adjacent reference directions of the sides are adjacent reference directions which are positioned at two sides of the reference direction corresponding to the sum of the least squares difference.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the list creation module further comprises:
and the homogeneity judgment unit is used for acquiring the direction coding blocks in the orthogonal direction corresponding to the reference direction, the sum of orthogonal square differences of sample values at corresponding positions of the coding blocks between the direction coding blocks in the orthogonal direction and the target coding block, and constructing an optimized mode list in a plane mode and a non-angle mode when the difference between the sum of the orthogonal square differences and the sum of the minimum square differences is greater than a preset difference.
6. The system of claim 4, wherein the target coding blocks need to be scaled equally when the depth of the target coding blocks is greater than the depth of the directional coding blocks.
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| An efficient fast mode selection for intra prediction;Jiang Gang-yi;《Proceedings of 2005 IEEE International Workshop on VLSI Design and Video Technology, 2005.》;20050906;全文 * |
| 视频编码中帧内预测优化技术研究;陈常念;《中国博士学位论文全文数据库 信息科技辑》;20150215;全文 * |
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