CN114513390A - Internet of things intelligent gateway based on edge calculation and working method thereof - Google Patents
Internet of things intelligent gateway based on edge calculation and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent gateway of the Internet of things based on edge calculation and a working method thereof, and the intelligent gateway is applied to a distributed remote system of the Internet of things, and the intelligent gateway comprises the following components: the intelligent gateway of the Internet of things receives, converts and compresses/decompresses real-time data communicated with the gateway in the Internet of things system; and the edge gateway monitors the state of the edge terminal equipment connected with the gateway and manages and controls the equipment. Based on the dictionary compression idea, the invention adopts a naive Bayes classifier and a Huffman principle to realize the self-adaptive lossless compression of the edge terminal data; based on fuzzy control, the efficient management and control of the edge terminal equipment are realized by adopting a knowledge distillation and transfer learning mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of Internet of things, particularly relates to the field of Internet of things edge control, and particularly relates to an Internet of things intelligent gateway based on edge calculation and a working method thereof.
Background
Along with the development of the society, more and more intelligent electrical appliances walk into people's life, and a large amount of thing networking equipment that from this brings inserts for thing networking data transmission and communication pressure greatly increase, have proposed the challenge to the real-time nature of thing networking equipment data.
In a traditional cloud computing architecture, data are often provided by edge side internet of things equipment, and a cloud end processes the data and issues a control instruction so as to achieve intelligent management and control of the edge side internet of things equipment. However, this method requires better network communication, and once the network fluctuates, the control effect is greatly reduced; and the cloud phenomenon of mass sensor data often causes bandwidth consumption and data blocking, which is not only economical, but also affects the control effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the intelligent gateway of the internet of things based on edge calculation, which is used for preprocessing the real-time data of the internet of things equipment on the edge side, realizing the unification of data formats, compressing the data by using dictionary compression, reducing the data transmission and reducing the bandwidth occupation. Meanwhile, the edge gateway manages and controls the connected edge Internet of things equipment, and sets an equipment connection white list to ensure safety. By utilizing a fuzzy control table and a migration learning mode, edge cloud cooperation is carried out, and a control method of cloud training is operated in an intelligent gateway of the Internet of things, so that the nearby service is realized, and the control response time delay is reduced.
The technical scheme is as follows: an intelligent gateway of the Internet of things based on edge computing comprises three parts, namely an edge computing thread, an MQTT client and a MySQL database; wherein:
the edge computing thread comprises three parallel programs, namely an edge control thread, a protocol analysis thread and a data compression thread;
the MQTT client comprises a data forwarding part and an instruction issuing part, the data forwarding part forwards compressed real-time data to the Internet of things cloud server, and data reporting is achieved; the command issuing comprises receiving a cloud control command, a compression dictionary and a fuzzy control table;
the MySQL database realizes the data storage function, stores a fuzzy control table, connects real-time data with equipment to a white list, and is matched with an edge control thread to realize the high-efficiency management and control of edge side equipment.
As an optimization: the intelligent gateway of the Internet of things is developed based on a raspberry-type CM4, and consists of two COM ports supporting a Modbus protocol, a BCM43438WiFi module, a gigabit Ethernet port and a 16GB SD card, so that the computing power requirement, hardware communication and data storage are guaranteed.
As an optimization: the intelligent gateway of the Internet of things is developed based on ubuntu20.04, a python running environment and a MySQL database are installed inside the intelligent gateway, multithreading edge computing and MQTT communication are achieved by calling a python library function, and the intelligent gateway function is completed.
As an optimization: the protocol analysis thread accesses the edge device supporting the TCP/IP protocol through WiFi, such as: the edge controller such as the singlechip and the PLC; acquiring parameters of a sensor in the edge equipment by adopting a Modbus field bus; and analyzing the acquired data according to an agreed message format, converting the acquired data into a JSON format, storing the JSON format in a MySQL database, and completing real-time data conversion.
As an optimization: the data compression thread realizes data compression and decompression through the compression dictionary; the compression dictionary is stored in a MySQL database, is subjected to self-adaptive updating and is synchronized with the cloud server of the Internet of things in real time; the decompressed and compressed data is stored as historical data in the MySQL database.
As an optimization: in the data compression thread, the compression dictionary is generated according to the Huffman coding principle through the edge device data classified by the naive Bayesian classifier, and when the compression ratio of the edge data compression ratio does not reach a set value, the smart gateway updates the real-time dictionary.
As an optimization: the data compression thread in, the compression dictionary realizes the quick update of compression dictionary through limit cloud collaborative mode, thing networking high in the clouds server carries out edge device according to the real-time data of the wisdom gateway upload high in the clouds, looks for similar equipment compression dictionary through big data, synchronous to wisdom gateway as initial compression dictionary for compression dictionary generation efficiency.
As an optimization: the edge control thread contain edge device management function, thing networking wisdom gateway is verified connecting edge side jointing equipment, connects the equipment that will accord with the connection requirement, ensures the security.
As an optimization: the edge control thread adopts the idea of fuzzy control, and intelligent and quick response of intelligent gateway edge control is realized by knowledge distillation and transfer learning, so that the effect of high-efficiency management and control of edge equipment is achieved; the method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the steps that management and control of edge equipment are achieved in a knowledge distillation mode, an internet of things cloud server calculates a fuzzy control table according to big data and sends the fuzzy control table to a smart gateway in a simplified compression mode, and the smart gateway adaptively optimizes the fuzzy control table according to real-time data collected by the edge equipment;
and a transfer learning mode is adopted to quickly establish a fuzzy control table, and when the cloud server of the Internet of things fails to calculate the fuzzy control table, the fuzzy control table is generated by means of similar task requirements for control optimization.
A working method of an intelligent gateway of the Internet of things based on edge computing comprises the following steps:
s1, protocol analysis process: accessing a control edge device supporting a TCP/IP protocol through WiFi, acquiring parameters of a sensor in the edge device through a Modbus field bus, analyzing the acquired data according to an agreed message format, and converting the acquired data into a JSON format;
s2, data compression process: the Internet of things intelligent gateway performs dictionary compression on the real-time data according to the compression dictionary to realize reduction of communication data volume;
s2-1, the intelligent gateway of the Internet of things searches a compression dictionary in the MySQL database, and if the compression dictionary does not exist, uncompressed data are transmitted;
s2-2, the cloud classifies the edge device data according to a naive Bayes classifier, generates a data compression dictionary according to the Huffman coding principle, and synchronizes to the intelligent gateway;
s2-3, when the compression ratio of the edge data compression ratio does not reach a set value, the intelligent gateway updates the real-time dictionary and synchronizes the updated dictionary to the cloud server;
s3, edge control stage: the intelligent gateway performs intelligent management and control on the edge side equipment according to a fuzzy control table provided by the cloud server, and provides intelligent service for edge preparation nearby;
s3-1, the intelligent gateway applies for a fuzzy control table from the cloud, and if the cloud server does not generate an optimal control table, the intelligent gateway requests an edge control table under a similar task for preliminary use by using the idea of migration learning;
s3-2, based on the idea of knowledge distillation, the cloud side carries out optimization of the fuzzy control table according to the control effect of the edge side equipment, and the fuzzy control table is sent to the intelligent gateway along with the new fuzzy control table;
and S4, the intelligent gateway authenticates the connected edge equipment through the equipment white list in MySQL. And setting a user name, a password, a permission and an MQTT topic according to different edge devices, and performing device management and security authentication.
Has the advantages that: the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, the data compression is carried out on the data of the Internet of things generated by the edge device through dictionary compression, so that the communication bandwidth is reduced, the network pressure is relieved, and the system safety is improved.
(2) The invention realizes the intelligent management of the edge side equipment through the fuzzy control table, shortens the response time of the edge equipment and ensures the safe and reliable operation of the equipment. The fuzzy control table is based on the transfer learning and knowledge distillation, so that the initialization and optimization speed of the control model is accelerated.
(3) The invention integrates Modbus technology and TCP/IP protocol, and adopts JSON format to realize edge data formatting and communication between edge devices.
(4) The invention uses MQTT protocol to realize the positioning of the edge side equipment through the MQTT topic name. And performing refined control according to different types of equipment, and making a compression and control strategy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall system framework of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the architecture of the present invention as applied to the Internet of things;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of data compression according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of edge cloud data compression according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. an intelligent gateway of the Internet of things; 2. an edge calculation thread; 3. an MQTT client; 4. a MySQL database; 5. an edge device; 6. an Internet of things cloud server; 7. an MQTT interface 8 and a data compression module; 9. an edge management and control module; 10. WiFi access; 11. accessing a Modbus; 12. and (4) a remote monitor.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below so that those skilled in the art can better understand the advantages and features of the present invention, and thus the scope of the present invention will be more clearly defined. The embodiments described herein are only a few embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and all other embodiments that can be derived by one of ordinary skill in the art without inventive faculty based on the embodiments described herein are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1-4, the invention provides an intelligent gateway of internet of things based on edge computing, wherein the intelligent gateway of internet of things 1 comprises an edge computing thread 2, an MQTT client 3 and a MySQL database 4. The method is applied to an Internet of things architecture and can be divided into an MQTT interface 7, a data compression module 8, an edge management and control module 9, a WiFi access 10 and a Modbus access 11. And the edge layer is formed by the edge device 5, and edge cloud cooperation is realized with the Internet of things cloud server 6 in the cloud layer. And the remote monitoring 12 in the monitoring layer realizes the artificial remote control of the edge layer equipment through the cloud layer.
In this embodiment, the WiFi access 10 and the Modbus access 11 implement device authentication, which specifically includes: PLC and singlechip etc. in the edge device 5 access the thing networking wisdom gateway 1 that supports the TCP/IP agreement through wiFi 10 access, and temperature sensor and humidity transducer in the edge device 5 access the thing networking wisdom gateway 1 that supports the Modbus fieldbus through Modbus access 11 to visit MySQL database 4 and carry out the white list verification, will pass the thing networking device connection request who verifies.
In this embodiment, the data compression module 8 implements real-time data compression of the internet of things, specifically as follows: firstly, the real-time data of the edge device 5 is processed in a unified JSON way, and different MQTT (maximum likelihood test) topic names are given to each device so as to distinguish the device types. Secondly, dictionary compression is performed according to a compression dictionary in the MySQL database 4. And if the dictionary is not compressed, transmitting the original data. Then, the internet of things cloud server 6 carries out naive Bayesian classification according to the device types, and carries out Huffman coding on the classified data to form a compression dictionary. And finally, the intelligent gateway 1 of the Internet of things receives the compressed dictionary and compresses the dictionary. And if the expected compression rate is not reached, continuously updating the compression dictionary.
In this embodiment, the edge management and control module 9 implements management and control of the edge device 5, specifically as follows: firstly, the intelligent gateway 1 of the internet of things performs fuzzy control on the edge device 5 according to a fuzzy control table in the MySQL database 4. And if the fuzzy control table is available, sending a request to the cloud. Then, the internet of things cloud server 6 calls the fuzzy control table according to the request. If the fuzzy control table is not generated, the fuzzy control table under the similar task is called to use by using the idea of the transfer learning. And finally, the intelligent gateway 1 of the Internet of things receives the fuzzy control table, and optimizes the fuzzy control table by utilizing and controlling the result according to the idea of knowledge distillation. And realizing the optimization of the control effect.
In this embodiment, the MQTT interface 7 realizes data interaction between the edge device 5 and the internet of things cloud server 6. Through the MQTT communication function provided by the MQTT interface 7, the real-time data of the field device 5 is reliably transmitted with the control command of the cloud server 6 of the Internet of things, the compression dictionary and the fuzzy control table. The remote monitor 12 indirectly accesses the MQTT interface 7 through the connection with the cloud server 6 of the Internet of things, so that remote control is realized.
When data compression of the internet of things is carried out, the establishment process of the compression dictionary is as follows:
(1) the internet of things cloud server 6 collects real-time data generated by the edge device 5 and stores the real-time data into the cloud server 6.
(2) Real-time data is classified using a naive bayes classifier according to device type.
(3) And (3) according to the characteristics of JSON data, detaching key value pairs, keeping the original data format unchanged, extracting keys, and performing dictionary construction.
(4) And slicing the extracted 'keys', counting the length and the appearance frequency of the characters, and shooting the characters meeting the compression requirement of the length requirement according to the appearance frequency to form a compression dictionary.
(5) And updating part of the contents of the compression dictionary as a sub-dictionary to the intelligent gateway 1 of the Internet of things for data compression. The complete dictionary serves as a main dictionary and is used for data compression inside the internet of things cloud server 6.
(6) And when the compression rate does not meet the requirement, the Internet of things cloud server 6 performs dictionary updating.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a thing networking wisdom gateway based on edge calculation which characterized in that: the method comprises three parts, namely an edge computing thread, an MQTT client and a MySQL database; wherein:
the edge computing thread comprises three parallel programs, namely an edge control thread, a protocol analysis thread and a data compression thread;
the MQTT client comprises a data forwarding part and an instruction issuing part, the data forwarding part forwards compressed real-time data to the Internet of things cloud server, and data reporting is achieved; the command issuing comprises receiving a cloud control command, a compression dictionary and a fuzzy control table;
the MySQL database realizes the data storage function, stores a fuzzy control table, connects real-time data with equipment to a white list, and is matched with an edge control thread to realize the high-efficiency management and control of edge side equipment.
2. The intelligent gateway of internet of things based on edge computing of claim 1, wherein: the intelligent gateway of the Internet of things is developed based on a raspberry-type CM4, and consists of two COM ports supporting a Modbus protocol, a BCM43438WiFi module, a gigabit Ethernet port and a 16GB SD card, so that the computing power requirement, hardware communication and data storage are guaranteed.
3. The intelligent gateway of internet of things based on edge computing of claim 1, wherein: the intelligent gateway of the Internet of things is developed based on ubuntu20.04, a python running environment and a MySQL database are installed inside the intelligent gateway, multithreading edge computing and MQTT communication are achieved by calling a python library function, and the intelligent gateway function is completed.
4. The intelligent gateway of internet of things based on edge computing of claim 1, wherein: the protocol analysis thread accesses the edge device supporting the TCP/IP protocol through WiFi, such as: the edge controller such as the singlechip and the PLC; acquiring parameters of a sensor in the edge equipment by adopting a Modbus field bus; and analyzing the acquired data according to an agreed message format, converting the acquired data into a JSON format, storing the JSON format in a MySQL database, and completing real-time data acquisition and conversion.
5. The intelligent gateway of internet of things based on edge computing of claim 1, wherein: the data compression thread realizes data compression and decompression through the compression dictionary; the compression dictionary is stored in a MySQL database, is subjected to self-adaptive updating and is synchronized with the cloud server of the Internet of things in real time; the decompressed and compressed data is stored as historical data in the MySQL database.
6. The intelligent gateway of internet of things based on edge computing of claim 5, wherein: in the data compression thread, the compression dictionary is generated according to the Huffman coding principle through the edge device data classified by the naive Bayesian classifier, and when the compression ratio of the edge data compression ratio does not reach a set value, the smart gateway updates the real-time dictionary.
7. The intelligent gateway of internet of things based on edge computing of claim 5, wherein: the data compression thread in, the compression dictionary realizes that the compression dictionary updates fast through limit cloud collaborative mode, thing networking high in the clouds server carries out edge device according to the real-time data of the wisdom gateway upload high in the clouds, looks for similar equipment compression dictionary through big data, synchronous to the wisdom gateway as initial compression dictionary for compression dictionary generation efficiency.
8. The intelligent gateway of internet of things based on edge computing of claim 1, wherein: the edge control thread contain edge device management function, thing networking wisdom gateway is verified connecting edge side jointing equipment, will accord with the equipment of connection requirement and connect, guarantee security.
9. The intelligent gateway of internet of things based on edge computing of claim 8, wherein: the edge control thread adopts the idea of fuzzy control, and intelligent and quick response of intelligent gateway edge control is realized by knowledge distillation and transfer learning, so that the effect of high-efficiency management and control of edge equipment is achieved; the method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the steps that management and control of edge equipment are achieved in a knowledge distillation mode, an internet of things cloud server calculates a fuzzy control table according to big data and sends the fuzzy control table to a smart gateway in a simplified compression mode, and the smart gateway adaptively optimizes the fuzzy control table according to real-time data collected by the edge equipment;
and a transfer learning mode is adopted to quickly establish a fuzzy control table, and when the fuzzy control table cannot be calculated by the cloud server of the Internet of things, the fuzzy control table is generated by means of similar task requirements for control optimization.
10. The method of claim 1 for operating an intelligent gateway of the internet of things based on edge computing, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, protocol analysis process: accessing a control edge device supporting a TCP/IP protocol through WiFi, acquiring parameters of a sensor in the edge device through a Modbus field bus, analyzing the acquired data according to an agreed message format, and converting the acquired data into a JSON format;
s2, data compression process: the Internet of things intelligent gateway performs dictionary compression on the real-time data according to the compression dictionary to realize reduction of communication data volume;
s2-1, the intelligent gateway of the Internet of things searches a compression dictionary in the MySQL database, and if the compression dictionary does not exist, uncompressed data are transmitted;
s2-2, the cloud classifies the edge device data according to a naive Bayes classifier, generates a data compression dictionary according to the Huffman coding principle, and synchronizes to the intelligent gateway;
s2-3, when the compression ratio of the edge data compression ratio does not reach a set value, the intelligent gateway updates the real-time dictionary and synchronizes the updated dictionary to the cloud server;
s3, edge control stage: the intelligent gateway carries out intelligent management and control on the edge side equipment according to a fuzzy control table provided by the cloud server, and provides intelligent service for edge preparation;
s3-1, the intelligent gateway applies for a fuzzy control table from the cloud, and if the cloud server does not generate an optimal control table, the intelligent gateway requests an edge control table under a similar task for preliminary use by using the idea of migration learning;
s3-2, based on the idea of knowledge distillation, the cloud side optimizes the fuzzy control table according to the control effect of the edge side equipment, and updates the fuzzy control table to the intelligent gateway;
and S4, the intelligent gateway authenticates the connected edge equipment through the equipment white list in MySQL. And setting a user name, a password, a permission and an MQTT topic according to different edge devices, and performing device management and security authentication.
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| CN115442447A (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2022-12-06 | 南京森特智能科技有限公司 | Edge compression computing device for multi-source data access |
| CN117858042A (en) * | 2023-12-21 | 2024-04-09 | 杭州亿亿德传动设备有限公司 | Intelligent transmission method for automatic monitoring information of speed reducer special for hoisting equipment |
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| US8014880B2 (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2011-09-06 | Fisher-Rosemount Systems, Inc. | On-line multivariate analysis in a distributed process control system |
| US10649424B2 (en) * | 2013-03-04 | 2020-05-12 | Fisher-Rosemount Systems, Inc. | Distributed industrial performance monitoring and analytics |
| US10925118B1 (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2021-02-16 | Icancontrol Tech Co., Ltd | Intelligent Industrial Internet of Things system using two-way channel artificial neural network |
| US11768877B2 (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2023-09-26 | Fisher-Rosemount Systems, Inc. | Smart search capabilities in a process control system |
| US11165839B2 (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2021-11-02 | Fisher-Rosemount Systems, Inc. | Edge gateway system with data typing for secured process plant data delivery |
| CN112738042A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-30 | 上海上实龙创智能科技股份有限公司 | Internet of things equipment model based on MQTT protocol and data penetration method thereof |
| CN113406893A (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-09-17 | 南通大学 | Intelligent home system based on edge gateway and application thereof |
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| CN115442447A (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2022-12-06 | 南京森特智能科技有限公司 | Edge compression computing device for multi-source data access |
| CN117858042A (en) * | 2023-12-21 | 2024-04-09 | 杭州亿亿德传动设备有限公司 | Intelligent transmission method for automatic monitoring information of speed reducer special for hoisting equipment |
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