CN114486996B - Intelligent control rock thermal expansion tester and application method thereof - Google Patents
Intelligent control rock thermal expansion tester and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114486996B CN114486996B CN202210101494.7A CN202210101494A CN114486996B CN 114486996 B CN114486996 B CN 114486996B CN 202210101494 A CN202210101494 A CN 202210101494A CN 114486996 B CN114486996 B CN 114486996B
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/16—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating thermal coefficient of expansion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/18—Performing tests at high or low temperatures
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Abstract
The invention provides an intelligent control rock thermal expansion tester and an application method thereof, wherein the tester comprises a three-dimensional loading box capable of accommodating a rock square sample; the sample in the three-dimensional loading box is positioned in the clamping range of a Z-axis clamping mechanism of a vertical loading system, an X-axis clamping mechanism of a first horizontal loading system and a Y-axis clamping mechanism of a second horizontal loading system in the box; the electric heating mechanism for heating the sample can be additionally arranged at the force application end of the X-axis clamping mechanism, the Y-axis clamping mechanism and the Z-axis clamping mechanism; when a thermal expansion test is carried out on a sample, the X-axis clamping mechanism, the Y-axis clamping mechanism and the Z-axis clamping mechanism simultaneously clamp the sample, the sample is pressurized or heated by a force application end according to the test requirement, meanwhile, pressure data of the sample is recorded by a pressure sensor at the force application end, and deformation data of the sample is recorded by a displacement meter at the force application end; the invention can accurately simulate the thermal expansion deformation of real rock in the thermal expansion test.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rock-soil body physical and mechanical property test, in particular to an intelligent control rock thermal expansion tester and an application method thereof.
Background
Before volcanic eruption, rock magma invasion can cause surrounding rock temperature to rise, and rock can produce expansion deformation. Rock mass deformation is an important index for predicting volcanic eruption in advance. In order to study the thermal expansion characteristics of rock under deep underground high stress constraint conditions, special indoor test devices need to be developed.
Currently, triaxial test devices are commonly used to simulate the stress state of rock masses in formations. However, rock presses against the surrounding rock mass during thermal expansion, which in turn is necessarily subjected to a reaction force that increases the surrounding rock mass in a certain proportion (controlled by the rock mass stiffness), the boundary at which such reaction force can occur being called the constant stiffness boundary. In a geological field, the rock is constrained in three directions, and the stress in each direction is generally different; the existing rock thermal expansion characteristic testing device cannot realize a three-dimensional stress state and constant rigidity boundary conditions, and has a large limitation in simulating real rock deformation.
In addition, because the stress of surrounding rock on the engineering site is uneven, the stress is increased along with the increase of the burial depth. However, when the existing testing machine is used for loading, each loading surface can only apply uniform stress, so that the rock destruction rule is inaccurate, and a convenient and fast non-uniform loading device is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an intelligent control rock thermal expansion tester and an application method thereof, which can accurately simulate the thermal expansion deformation of real rock in a thermal expansion test.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme.
The intelligent control rock thermal expansion tester comprises a three-dimensional loading box capable of accommodating a rock square sample; the sample in the three-dimensional loading box is positioned in the clamping range of a Z-axis clamping mechanism of a vertical loading system, an X-axis clamping mechanism of a first horizontal loading system and a Y-axis clamping mechanism of a second horizontal loading system in the box; the electric heating mechanism for heating the sample can be additionally arranged at the force application end of the X-axis clamping mechanism, the Y-axis clamping mechanism and the Z-axis clamping mechanism; when the thermal expansion test is carried out on the sample, the X-axis clamping mechanism, the Y-axis clamping mechanism and the Z-axis clamping mechanism simultaneously clamp the sample, the force application end of the X-axis clamping mechanism is used for applying pressure or heating to the sample according to the test requirement, meanwhile, the pressure sensor at the force application end is used for recording pressure data of the sample, and the displacement meter at the force application end is used for recording deformation data of the sample.
The sample is a square sample processed by rock collected in a geological site; the three-dimensional loading box is of a square hollow structure with a pipeline channel; the pressure sensors at the force application ends of the X-axis clamping mechanism, the Y-axis clamping mechanism and the Z-axis clamping mechanism are all connected with the pressure data acquisition instrument; the pressure data acquisition instrument is arranged at the outer side of the three-dimensional loading box.
When the thermal expansion test is carried out on the sample, the Z-axis clamping mechanism is used for placing the sample by a horizontal backing plate I-II (5); the force application end of the Z-axis clamping mechanism of the vertical loading system is positioned above the base plates I-II and comprises the base plates I-I (4) which are driven to vertically move by a cylinder rod of a hydraulic cylinder I (2); a pressure sensor I (3) is arranged between the base plate I-I and the end of the cylinder rod of the hydraulic cylinder I; the hydraulic cylinder I is driven by a servo oil source I; a plurality of holes for installing the electric heating rods are formed in the base plate I-I; the base plate I-I is connected with the displacement meter I (6), and the displacement meter I is connected with the displacement data acquisition instrument I to record deformation data of the test piece; the pressure sensor I is connected with a pressure data acquisition instrument I positioned at the outer side of the three-dimensional loading box so as to record vertical pressure data of the sample.
When a thermal expansion test is carried out on a sample, the X-axis clamping mechanism carries out horizontal limiting on the sample on the X axis through a vertical base plate II-II (10); the force application end of the X-axis clamping mechanism of the first horizontal loading system is opposite to the base plate II-II and comprises a base plate II-I (9) which is driven to horizontally move by a cylinder rod of a hydraulic cylinder II (7); a pressure sensor II (8) is arranged between the base plate II-I and the end of the cylinder rod of the hydraulic cylinder II; the hydraulic cylinder II is driven by a servo oil source II; the base plate II-I is internally provided with a plurality of holes for installing the electric heating rod, the base plate II-I is connected with a displacement meter II (11), and the displacement meter II is connected with a displacement data acquisition instrument II to record deformation data of a test piece; the pressure sensor II is connected with a pressure data acquisition instrument II positioned at the outer side of the three-dimensional loading box so as to record horizontal pressure data of the X-axis direction of the sample.
When the thermal expansion test is carried out on the sample, the Y-axis clamping mechanism limits the horizontal limit on the Y axis of the sample by using a vertical base plate III-II; the force application end of the Y-axis clamping mechanism of the second horizontal loading system is opposite to the base plate III-II and comprises the base plate III-I which is driven to horizontally move by a cylinder rod of a hydraulic cylinder III; a pressure sensor III is arranged between the base plate III-I and the end of the cylinder rod of the hydraulic cylinder III; the hydraulic cylinder III is driven by a servo oil source III; the base plate III-I is internally provided with a plurality of holes for installing the electric heating rod, the base plate III-I is connected with the displacement meter III, and the displacement meter III is connected with the displacement data acquisition instrument III to record deformation data of a test piece; the pressure sensor III is connected with a pressure data acquisition instrument III positioned at the outer side of the three-dimensional loading box so as to record horizontal pressure data of the Y-axis direction of the sample.
The electric heating mechanism comprises a power supply, a wire, a temperature measuring element and electric heating rods arranged in the base plate I-I, the base plate II-I and the base plate III-I; the power supply supplies power to the electric heating rod through a wire; the temperature measuring element is a thermocouple; the electric heating rod comprises a resistance wire and a hard insulating coating layer outside the resistance wire.
The tester also comprises a plate-shaped non-uniform loading device; the non-uniform loading device is formed by combining a plurality of thin inclined plane bodies with different elastic moduli, so as to form a stress structure with different elastic moduli at each position in the stress direction and continuously changed; when the thermal expansion test is carried out on the sample, the non-uniform loading device is attached to the stress surface of the sample, and the pressure applied to the sample by the force application ends of the X-axis clamping mechanism, the Y-axis clamping mechanism and the Z-axis clamping mechanism is converted into continuous non-uniform force.
The displacement meters at the force application ends are all connected with a computer intelligent control system; the pressure sensor is connected with the computer intelligent control system through the pressure data acquisition instrument; the computer intelligent control system comprises a computer, control software, a data bus and a controller, and is used for providing a human-computer interaction interface, inputting initial data, collecting all monitoring data, controlling a pressure applying and loading process, realizing constant lateral stiffness boundary control, and displaying and outputting test results; the data bus is used for carrying out data format conversion and transmission between the computer and the controller and transmitting each monitoring data to the computer; the controller receives a computer instruction through the data bus, and controls the three loading systems to load the sample in a pressing mode according to a preset path according to the instruction.
When expansion deformation is generated in the process of heating the rock test piece, the computer intelligent control system calculates constant rigidity components for keeping two horizontal directions and vertical directions according to the lateral deformation of the test piece obtained by monitoringThe other needed confining pressures P1, P2 and P3 are calculated by the formula of P1=P a +Δδ a *K a ，P2＝P b +Δδ b *K b ，P3＝P c +Δδ c *K c Wherein P is a Is the initial pressure in the first horizontal direction of the X axis, P b Is the initial pressure in the second horizontal direction of the Y axis, P c For initial vertical pressure of Z axis, K a Is the first horizontal rigidity of X axis, K b For a second horizontal stiffness of the Y-axis, K c Is the vertical rigidity of the Z axis, delta a For the first horizontal deformation of the X axis of the rock test piece, delta b For the second horizontal deformation of the Y axis of the rock test piece, delta c The vertical deformation of the Z axis of the rock test piece is realized; and then the computer intelligent control system sends out instructions to correct the loading pressures in three directions in time;
the control cycle is executed for a plurality of times in the test process, so that the rock thermal expansion test under the condition of constant rigidity is realized.
The intelligent control rock thermal expansion tester comprises the following steps:
firstly, placing a rock sample in a loading position of a test system, namely, in a clamping range of a Z-axis clamping mechanism of a vertical loading system, an X-axis clamping mechanism of a first horizontal loading system and a Y-axis clamping mechanism of a second horizontal loading system, and closing a box door;
and a second step of: according to the three-dimensional ground stress state of the rock sample acquisition geological site, applying initial pressure to the sample through a loading system in three directions;
and a third step of: the method comprises the steps of heating a sample through a heating system, gradually expanding the rock sample along with the time, measuring the deformation of the sample in each direction in real time in the process, and calculating the three direction pressures required for keeping constant rigidity according to the deformation in each direction by a computer intelligent control system, so as to send out instructions to continuously correct the magnitudes of the three direction pressures until the test is finished;
fourth step: stopping heating, and unloading the pressure in three directions after the rock sample is gradually cooled, and taking out the rock sample.
When the pressure is applied to the rock sample, the non-uniform stress can be applied to each loading surface by the plate-shaped non-uniform loading device, so that the rock breaking rule is accurate.
The invention can realize three-dimensional stress state and constant rigidity boundary condition, simulate real rock deformation and realize accurate test environment.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings and detailed description:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention (showing only the Z-axis force application structure and the X-axis force application structure);
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the three-way constant stiffness control principle of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a non-uniform loading device (composed of two thin ramp bodies);
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another non-uniform loading device (consisting of six thin ramp bodies);
in the figure: 1-three-dimensional loading box, 2-hydraulic cylinder I, 3-pressure sensor I, 4-backing plate I-I, 5-backing plate I-II, 6-displacement meter I, 7-hydraulic cylinder II, 8-pressure sensor II, 9-backing plate II-I, 10-backing plate II-II, 11-displacement meter II, 12-sample, 13-electric heating pipe, 14-second elastic modulus thin inclined plane body, 15-contact inclined plane between thin inclined plane bodies, 130-first elastic modulus thin inclined plane body.
Detailed Description
As shown, the intelligent control rock thermal expansion tester comprises a three-dimensional loading box 1 capable of containing a rock square sample 12; the sample in the three-dimensional loading box is positioned in the clamping range of a Z-axis clamping mechanism of a vertical loading system, an X-axis clamping mechanism of a first horizontal loading system and a Y-axis clamping mechanism of a second horizontal loading system in the box; the electric heating mechanism for heating the sample can be additionally arranged at the force application end of the X-axis clamping mechanism, the Y-axis clamping mechanism and the Z-axis clamping mechanism; when the thermal expansion test is carried out on the sample, the X-axis clamping mechanism, the Y-axis clamping mechanism and the Z-axis clamping mechanism simultaneously clamp the sample, the force application end of the X-axis clamping mechanism is used for applying pressure or heating to the sample according to the test requirement, meanwhile, the pressure sensor at the force application end is used for recording pressure data of the sample, and the displacement meter at the force application end is used for recording deformation data of the sample.
The sample is a square sample processed by rock collected in a geological site; the three-dimensional loading box is of a square hollow structure with a pipeline channel; the pressure sensors at the force application ends of the X-axis clamping mechanism, the Y-axis clamping mechanism and the Z-axis clamping mechanism are all connected with the pressure data acquisition instrument; the pressure data acquisition instrument is arranged at the outer side of the three-dimensional loading box.
When the thermal expansion test is carried out on the sample, the Z-axis clamping mechanism is used for placing the sample by a horizontal backing plate I-II 5; the force application end of the Z-axis clamping mechanism of the vertical loading system is positioned above the base plates I-II and comprises the base plates I-I4 which are driven to vertically move by a cylinder rod of a hydraulic cylinder I2; a pressure sensor I3 is arranged between the base plate I-I and the end of the hydraulic cylinder I; the hydraulic cylinder I is driven by a servo oil source I; a plurality of holes for installing the electric heating rods 13 are formed in the base plate I-I; the base plate I-I is connected with the displacement meter I6, and the displacement meter I is connected with the displacement data acquisition instrument I3 to record deformation data of the test piece; the pressure sensor I is connected with a pressure data acquisition instrument I positioned at the outer side of the three-dimensional loading box so as to record vertical pressure data of the sample.
When a thermal expansion test is carried out on a sample, the X-axis clamping mechanism limits the sample in the horizontal direction on the X axis through a vertical base plate II-II 10; the force application end of the X-axis clamping mechanism of the first horizontal loading system is opposite to the base plate II-II and comprises a base plate II-I9 which is driven to horizontally move by a cylinder rod of a hydraulic cylinder II 7; a pressure sensor II 8 is arranged between the base plate II-I and the end of the cylinder rod of the hydraulic cylinder II; the hydraulic cylinder II is driven by a servo oil source II; the base plate II-I is internally provided with a plurality of holes for installing the electric heating rod, the base plate II-I is connected with a displacement meter II 11, and the displacement meter II is connected with a displacement data acquisition instrument II to record deformation data of a test piece; the pressure sensor II is connected with a pressure data acquisition instrument II positioned at the outer side of the three-dimensional loading box so as to record horizontal pressure data of the X-axis direction of the sample.
When the thermal expansion test is carried out on the sample, the Y-axis clamping mechanism limits the horizontal limit on the Y axis of the sample by using a vertical base plate III-II; the force application end of the Y-axis clamping mechanism of the second horizontal loading system is opposite to the base plate III-II and comprises the base plate III-I which is driven to horizontally move by a cylinder rod of a hydraulic cylinder III; a pressure sensor III is arranged between the base plate III-I and the end of the cylinder rod of the hydraulic cylinder III; the hydraulic cylinder III is driven by a servo oil source III; the base plate III-I is internally provided with a plurality of holes for installing the electric heating rod, the base plate III-I is connected with the displacement meter III, and the displacement meter III is connected with the displacement data acquisition instrument III to record deformation data of a test piece; the pressure sensor III is connected with a pressure data acquisition instrument III positioned at the outer side of the three-dimensional loading box so as to record horizontal pressure data of the Y-axis direction of the sample.
The electric heating mechanism comprises a power supply, a wire, a temperature measuring element and electric heating rods arranged in the base plate I-I, the base plate II-I and the base plate III-I; the power supply supplies power to the electric heating rod through a wire; the temperature measuring element is a thermocouple; the electric heating rod comprises a resistance wire and a hard insulating coating layer outside the resistance wire.
The tester also comprises a plate-shaped non-uniform loading device; the non-uniform loading device is formed by combining a plurality of thin inclined plane bodies with different elastic moduli, so as to form a stress structure with different elastic moduli at each position in the stress direction and continuously changed; when the thermal expansion test is carried out on the sample, the non-uniform loading device is attached to the stress surface of the sample, and the pressure applied to the sample by the force application ends of the X-axis clamping mechanism, the Y-axis clamping mechanism and the Z-axis clamping mechanism is converted into continuous non-uniform force.
The displacement meters at the force application ends are all connected with a computer intelligent control system; the pressure sensor is connected with the computer intelligent control system through the pressure data acquisition instrument; the computer intelligent control system comprises a computer, control software, a data bus and a controller, and is used for providing a human-computer interaction interface, inputting initial data, collecting all monitoring data, controlling a pressure applying and loading process, realizing constant lateral stiffness boundary control, and displaying and outputting test results; the data bus is used for carrying out data format conversion and transmission between the computer and the controller and transmitting each monitoring data to the computer; the controller receives a computer instruction through the data bus, and controls the three loading systems to load the sample in a pressing mode according to a preset path according to the instruction.
When expansion deformation is generated in the process of heating a rock test piece, the computer intelligent control system calculates confining pressures P1, P2 and P3 required for keeping constant rigidity in two horizontal directions and vertical directions respectively according to the lateral deformation of the test piece obtained by monitoring, wherein the calculation formula is p1=p a +Δδ a *K a ，P2＝P b +Δδ b *K b ，P3＝P c +Δδ c *K c Wherein P is a Is the initial pressure in the first horizontal direction of the X axis, P b Is the initial pressure in the second horizontal direction of the Y axis, P c For initial vertical pressure of Z axis, K a Is the first horizontal rigidity of X axis, K b For a second horizontal stiffness of the Y-axis, K c Is the vertical rigidity of the Z axis, delta a For the first horizontal deformation of the X axis of the rock test piece, delta b For the second horizontal deformation of the Y axis of the rock test piece, delta c The vertical deformation of the Z axis of the rock test piece is realized; and then the computer intelligent control system sends out instructions to correct the loading pressures in three directions in time;
the control cycle is executed for a plurality of times in the test process, so that the rock thermal expansion test under the condition of constant rigidity is realized.
The intelligent control rock thermal expansion tester comprises the following steps:
firstly, placing a rock sample in a loading position of a test system, namely, in a clamping range of a Z-axis clamping mechanism of a vertical loading system, an X-axis clamping mechanism of a first horizontal loading system and a Y-axis clamping mechanism of a second horizontal loading system, and closing a box door;
and a second step of: according to the three-dimensional ground stress state of the rock sample acquisition geological site, applying initial pressure to the sample through a loading system in three directions;
and a third step of: the method comprises the steps of heating a sample through a heating system, gradually expanding the rock sample along with the time, measuring the deformation of the sample in each direction in real time in the process, and calculating the three direction pressures required for keeping constant rigidity according to the deformation in each direction by a computer intelligent control system, so as to send out instructions to continuously correct the magnitudes of the three direction pressures until the test is finished;
fourth step: stopping heating, and unloading the pressure in three directions after the rock sample is gradually cooled, and taking out the rock sample.
In this example, the non-uniform loading device is formed by splicing and combining a plurality of thin inclined plane bodies with different elastic moduli, and the non-uniform loading device comprises a thin inclined plane body 130 with a first elastic modulus and a thin inclined plane body 14 with a second elastic modulus, wherein the two thin inclined plane bodies are spliced by contact inclined planes to form a plate shape, one end of the plate shape has a large elastic modulus, the other end has a small elastic modulus, and the elastic modulus uniformly changes from one end to the other end.
The electric heating rods are arranged in reserved holes of each backing plate.
Claims (8)
1. Intelligent control rock thermal expansion tester, its characterized in that: the tester comprises a three-dimensional loading box capable of containing a rock square sample; the sample in the three-dimensional loading box is positioned in the clamping range of a Z-axis clamping mechanism of a vertical loading system, an X-axis clamping mechanism of a first horizontal loading system and a Y-axis clamping mechanism of a second horizontal loading system in the box; the force application ends of the X-axis clamping mechanism, the Y-axis clamping mechanism and the Z-axis clamping mechanism are respectively provided with an electric heating mechanism for heating the sample; when a thermal expansion test is carried out on a sample, the X-axis clamping mechanism, the Y-axis clamping mechanism and the Z-axis clamping mechanism simultaneously clamp the sample, the sample is pressurized and heated by the force application end according to the test requirement, meanwhile, the pressure data of the sample is recorded by the pressure sensor at the force application end, and the deformation data of the sample is recorded by the displacement meter at the force application end;
the tester also comprises a plate-shaped non-uniform loading device; the non-uniform loading device is formed by combining a plurality of thin inclined plane bodies with different elastic moduli, so as to form a stress structure with different elastic moduli at each position in the stress direction and continuously changed; when a thermal expansion test is carried out on a sample, the non-uniform loading device is attached to the stress surface of the sample, and the pressure applied to the sample by the force application ends of the X-axis clamping mechanism, the Y-axis clamping mechanism and the Z-axis clamping mechanism is converted into continuous non-uniform force;
the application method of the intelligent control rock thermal expansion tester comprises the following steps of:
firstly, placing a rock sample in a loading position of a test system, namely, in a clamping range of a Z-axis clamping mechanism of a vertical loading system, an X-axis clamping mechanism of a first horizontal loading system and a Y-axis clamping mechanism of a second horizontal loading system, and closing a box door;
and a second step of: according to the three-dimensional ground stress state of the rock sample acquisition geological site, applying initial pressure to the sample through a loading system in three directions;
and a third step of: the method comprises the steps of heating a sample through a heating system, gradually expanding the rock sample along with the time, measuring the deformation of the sample in each direction in real time in the process, and calculating the three direction pressures required for keeping constant rigidity according to the deformation in each direction by a computer intelligent control system, so as to send out instructions to continuously correct the magnitudes of the three direction pressures until the test is finished;
fourth step: stopping heating, and unloading pressure in three directions after the rock sample is gradually cooled, and taking out the rock sample; the non-uniform loading device is formed by splicing and combining a plurality of thin inclined plane bodies with different elastic moduli, and comprises a first elastic modulus thin inclined plane body and a second elastic modulus thin inclined plane body, wherein the two thin inclined plane bodies are spliced by contact inclined planes to form a plate shape, the elastic modulus of one end of the plate shape is large, the elastic modulus of the other end of the plate shape is small, and the elastic modulus is uniformly changed from one end to the other end.
2. The intelligent control rock thermal expansion tester according to claim 1, wherein: the sample is a square sample processed by rock collected in a geological site; the three-dimensional loading box is of a square hollow structure with a pipeline channel; the pressure sensors at the force application ends of the X-axis clamping mechanism, the Y-axis clamping mechanism and the Z-axis clamping mechanism are all connected with the pressure data acquisition instrument; the pressure data acquisition instrument is arranged at the outer side of the three-dimensional loading box.
3. The intelligent control rock thermal expansion tester according to claim 1, wherein: when the thermal expansion test is carried out on the sample, the Z-axis clamping mechanism is used for placing the sample by a horizontal backing plate I-II (5); the force application end of the Z-axis clamping mechanism of the vertical loading system is positioned above the base plates I-II and comprises the base plates I-I (4) which are driven to vertically move by a cylinder rod of a hydraulic cylinder I (2); a pressure sensor I (3) is arranged between the base plate I-I and the end of the cylinder rod of the hydraulic cylinder I; the hydraulic cylinder I is driven by a servo oil source I; a plurality of holes for installing the electric heating rods are formed in the base plate I-I; the base plate I-I is connected with the displacement meter I (6), and the displacement meter I is connected with the displacement data acquisition instrument I to record deformation data of the test piece; the pressure sensor I is connected with a pressure data acquisition instrument I positioned at the outer side of the three-dimensional loading box so as to record vertical pressure data of the sample.
4. The intelligent control rock thermal expansion tester according to claim 3, wherein: when a thermal expansion test is carried out on a sample, the X-axis clamping mechanism carries out horizontal limiting on the sample on the X axis through a vertical base plate II-II (10); the force application end of the X-axis clamping mechanism of the first horizontal loading system is opposite to the base plate II-II and comprises a base plate II-I (9) which is driven to horizontally move by a cylinder rod of a hydraulic cylinder II (7); a pressure sensor II (8) is arranged between the base plate II-I and the end of the cylinder rod of the hydraulic cylinder II; the hydraulic cylinder II is driven by a servo oil source II; the base plate II-I is internally provided with a plurality of holes for installing the electric heating rod, the base plate II-I is connected with a displacement meter II (11), and the displacement meter II is connected with a displacement data acquisition instrument II to record deformation data of a test piece; the pressure sensor II is connected with a pressure data acquisition instrument II positioned at the outer side of the three-dimensional loading box so as to record horizontal pressure data of the X-axis direction of the sample.
5. The intelligent control rock thermal expansion tester according to claim 4, wherein: when the thermal expansion test is carried out on the sample, the Y-axis clamping mechanism limits the horizontal limit on the Y axis of the sample by using a vertical base plate III-II; the force application end of the Y-axis clamping mechanism of the second horizontal loading system is opposite to the base plate III-II and comprises the base plate III-I which is driven to horizontally move by a cylinder rod of a hydraulic cylinder III; a pressure sensor III is arranged between the base plate III-I and the end of the cylinder rod of the hydraulic cylinder III; the hydraulic cylinder III is driven by a servo oil source III; the base plate III-I is internally provided with a plurality of holes for installing the electric heating rod, the base plate III-I is connected with the displacement meter III, and the displacement meter III is connected with the displacement data acquisition instrument III to record deformation data of a test piece; the pressure sensor III is connected with a pressure data acquisition instrument III positioned at the outer side of the three-dimensional loading box so as to record horizontal pressure data of the Y-axis direction of the sample.
6. The intelligent control rock thermal expansion tester according to claim 5, wherein: the electric heating mechanism comprises a power supply, a wire, a temperature measuring element and electric heating rods arranged in the base plate I-I, the base plate II-I and the base plate III-I; the power supply supplies power to the electric heating rod through a wire; the temperature measuring element is a thermocouple; the electric heating rod comprises a resistance wire and a hard insulating coating layer outside the resistance wire.
7. The intelligent control rock thermal expansion tester according to claim 1, wherein: the displacement meters at the force application ends are all connected with a computer intelligent control system; the pressure sensor is connected with the computer intelligent control system through the pressure data acquisition instrument; the computer intelligent control system comprises a computer, control software, a data bus and a controller, and is used for providing a human-computer interaction interface, inputting initial data, collecting all monitoring data, controlling a pressure applying and loading process, realizing constant lateral stiffness boundary control, and displaying and outputting test results; the data bus is used for carrying out data format conversion and transmission between the computer and the controller and transmitting each monitoring data to the computer; the controller receives a computer instruction through the data bus, and controls the three loading systems to load the sample in a pressing mode according to a preset path according to the instruction.
8. The intelligent control rock thermal expansion tester according to claim 7, wherein: when expansion deformation is generated in the process of heating a rock test piece, the computer intelligent control system calculates confining pressures P1, P2 and P3 required for keeping constant rigidity in two horizontal directions and vertical directions respectively according to the lateral deformation of the test piece obtained by monitoring, wherein the calculation formula is p1=p a +Δδ a *K a ，P2＝P b +Δδ b *K b ，P3＝P c +Δδ c *K c ，
Wherein P is a Is the initial pressure in the first horizontal direction of the X axis, P b Is the initial pressure in the second horizontal direction of the Y axis, P c For initial vertical pressure of Z axis, K a Is the first horizontal rigidity of X axis, K b For a second horizontal stiffness of the Y-axis, K c Is the vertical rigidity of the Z axis, delta a For the first horizontal deformation of the X axis of the rock test piece, delta b For the second horizontal deformation of the Y axis of the rock test piece, delta c The vertical deformation of the Z axis of the rock test piece is realized; and then the computer intelligent control system sends out instructions to correct the loading pressures in three directions in time;
the control cycle is executed for a plurality of times in the test process, so that the rock thermal expansion test under the condition of constant rigidity is realized.
Priority Applications (1)
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