CN114447139B - Solar cell and scribing method thereof and photovoltaic module - Google Patents
Solar cell and scribing method thereof and photovoltaic module Download PDFInfo
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- CN114447139B CN114447139B CN202011118051.6A CN202011118051A CN114447139B CN 114447139 B CN114447139 B CN 114447139B CN 202011118051 A CN202011118051 A CN 202011118051A CN 114447139 B CN114447139 B CN 114447139B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/1804—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof comprising only elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0236—Special surface textures
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- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a solar cell, a scribing method thereof and a photovoltaic module, wherein the solar cell comprises a long and narrow laser scribing groove positioned on one surface of the solar cell, the laser scribing groove comprises a first scribing groove and a second scribing groove positioned at the bottom of the first scribing groove, and the first scribing groove and the second scribing groove are respectively and sequentially scribed by two laser beams with different spot sizes. According to the invention, the second scribing groove is arranged at the bottom of the first scribing groove, and the diameter of the second scribing groove is not larger than that of the first scribing groove, so that the width of the whole laser scribing groove can be reduced by 5% -20%; and the heat affected area is not accumulated in the process of forming the second scribing groove, and the heat affected width of the formed laser scribing groove is reduced by 5-10% compared with the prior scribing process; the damage to the solar cell is reduced, the proportion of microcracks formed is correspondingly reduced by 50%, and the load capacity of the photovoltaic module is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of photovoltaics, in particular to a solar cell capable of reducing microcracks, a scribing method thereof and a photovoltaic module.
Background
Along with the higher and higher power requirements of the photovoltaic module in the market, the layout of the photovoltaic module is also becoming larger and larger, and in addition, in order to reduce the module cost, the solar cell is also developing in the direction of flaking; leading to a corresponding increase in the risk of loading the photovoltaic module. It was found that in the load test, the fracture initiation point mainly began from the kerf region microcracks.
In view of the foregoing, there is a need for an improved solar cell, a dicing method thereof and a photovoltaic module to solve the above-mentioned problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a solar cell capable of reducing microcracks, a scribing method thereof and a photovoltaic module formed by strip-shaped solar cells formed after breaking.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a solar wafer, includes the long and narrow formula laser scribing groove that is located its a surface, laser scribing groove includes first scribing groove and is located the second scribing groove of first scribing groove bottom, first scribing groove and second scribing groove are respectively by two bundles of laser that the facula size is different in proper order draw.
Further, the width of the notch of the second groove is smaller than the width of the groove bottom of the first groove.
Further, the second scribe line has a depth greater than a depth of the first scribe line.
Further, the ratio of the depth of the first paddle vat to the depth of the second paddle vat is between 1:5 and 1:10.
Further, the center of the first scribe line in the width direction coincides with the center of the second scribe line in the width direction.
Further, the cross section of the first groove is trapezoid; the section of the second paddle vat is triangular.
A scribing method of a solar cell comprises the following steps:
scribing on the scribing lanes of the solar cell by adopting a first laser beam to form first scribing grooves;
scribing the bottom of the first scribing groove by adopting a second laser beam to form a second scribing groove;
the light spot size of the first laser beam on the solar cell is larger than that of the second laser beam on the solar cell.
Further, the number of dicing of the first laser beam is smaller than the number of dicing of the spot size of the second laser beam on the solar cell.
Further, the first laser beam is used for scribing 1-2 cutters; and the second laser beam is used for scribing 2-8 cutters.
Further, the first laser beam is coaxial with the second laser beam.
Further, the frequency of the first laser beam is greater than the frequency of the second laser beam, and/or the pulse width of the first laser beam is greater than the pulse width of the second laser beam. .
Further, the spot size of the first laser beam is 30 um-40 um, the frequency range is 500 KHZ-4000 KHZ, and the pulse width range is 45 ns-65 ns; the second laser beam has a spot size of 20 um-30 um, a frequency range of 400 KHZ-4000 KHZ and a pulse width range of 20 ns-40 ns.
The utility model provides a photovoltaic module, includes a plurality of solar cell pieces that establish ties each other, adjacent the edge of solar cell piece is the overlap setting, the edge of solar cell piece has first laser cutting region and second laser cutting region in the thickness direction, first laser cutting region the second laser cutting region is divided in proper order by two bundles of laser respectively.
Further, the edge further has a mechanical fracture region located in the second laser region away from the first laser cutting region, and the first laser cutting region, the second laser cutting region, and the mechanical fracture region are not on the same plane.
Further, the first laser cutting region comprises a sloped region and a plateau region; or the first laser cut area is an inclined area.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: compared with the traditional scribing process, the method has the advantages that the first scribing groove is formed on the surface of the solar cell by the first laser beam with larger light spot size formed on the solar cell, and the second scribing groove is formed at the bottom of the first scribing groove by the second laser beam with smaller light spot size formed on the solar cell, so that the width of the whole laser scribing groove is reduced by 5% -20%; and the forming process of the second scribing groove does not accumulate to form a heat affected area, and the heat influence width of the formed laser scribing groove is reduced by 5-10% compared with the existing scribing process; the damage to the solar cell is reduced, the proportion of microcracks formed is correspondingly reduced by 50%, and the load capacity of the photovoltaic module is greatly improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a solar cell after dicing using a conventional dicing process;
fig. 2 is a perspective view of a solar cell diced using the dicing method of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 2;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the broken piece of fig. 3;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of still another embodiment after breaking.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments shown in the drawings. These embodiments are not intended to limit the invention and structural, methodological, or functional modifications of these embodiments that may be made by one of ordinary skill in the art are included within the scope of the invention.
In the various illustrations of the invention, certain dimensions of structures or portions may be exaggerated relative to other structures or portions for convenience of illustration, and thus serve only to illustrate the basic structure of the inventive subject matter.
At present, the dicing process is mainly in a galvanometer mode, and the same dicing process is adopted for multiple dicing at the same position of the solar cell 1', so as to meet the requirement of dicing depth. It is found that such dicing process also forms cumulative thermal ignition effects on both sides of the dicing groove 2' at the same position, and micro-cracks are formed, so that when the component is stressed, cracking starts from the micro-cracks. Therefore, optimizing the dicing process, reducing microcracks, reducing the load risk and being imperative.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the dicing process of the solar cell of the invention includes the following steps: scribing the scribe lanes of the solar cell 1 with a first laser beam to form elongated first scribe grooves 21; scribing the bottom of the first scribe line with a second laser beam to form an elongated second scribe line 22; the first chute 21 and the second chute 22 together form a long and narrow laser scribing groove 2.
The light spot size of the first laser beam on the solar cell is larger than that of the second laser beam on the solar cell. Typically, the spot is circular, and the spot size is the diameter of the spot.
Compared with the traditional scribing process, the method comprises the steps of forming the first scribing groove 21 on the surface of the solar cell 1 through the first laser beam with larger spot size formed on the solar cell, forming the second scribing groove 22 on the bottom of the first scribing groove 21 through the second laser beam with smaller spot size formed on the solar cell, and reducing the width of the whole laser scribing groove 2 formed by the first scribing groove 21 and the second scribing groove 22 by 5% -20%; and the forming process of the second scribing groove 22 does not accumulate to form a heat affected zone, and the heat influence width of the formed laser scribing groove 2 is reduced by 5-10% compared with the prior scribing process; the damage to the solar cell sheet 1 is reduced, the proportion of microcracks formed is correspondingly reduced by 50%, and the load capacity of the photovoltaic module is greatly improved.
In a preferred embodiment, the spot size of the first laser beam is between 30um and 40um, and the spot size of the second laser beam is between 20um and 30um.
The number of dicing by the first laser beam is smaller than the number of dicing by the second laser beam, and the depth of the first scribe lane 21 is smaller than the depth of the second scribe lane 22. By reducing the number of dicing of the first laser beam, the number of dicing of the second laser beam is relatively increased, and the width of the entire laser dicing groove 2 is reduced as much as possible, the heat-affected width is reduced, and the hidden crack ratio is reduced on the premise of ensuring the depth of the entire laser dicing groove 2.
In a preferred embodiment, the first laser beam scribes 1-2 knives; and the second laser beam is used for scribing 2-8 cutters.
Further, the first laser beam is coaxial with the second laser beam, so that the center of the first scribe line 21 coincides with the center of the second scribe line 22 in the width direction, avoiding an increase in the width of the heat affected zone due to one side of the second laser beam exceeding the first scribe line 21 when the second scribe line 22 is formed.
In addition, the frequency of the first laser beam is greater than the frequency of the second laser beam, so that the output power of the first laser beam is greater than the output power of the second laser beam, the line width of the first laser beam scribing is greater than the line width of the second laser beam scribing, and when the second scribing groove 22 is formed, a heat affected zone is reduced or no longer formed, and damage to the solar cell sheet 1 is reduced.
In a preferred embodiment, the frequency of the first laser beam is in the range of 500KHz to 4000KHz, and the frequency of the second laser beam is in the range of 400KHz to 4000KHz.
The pulse width of the first laser beam is larger than the pulse width of the second laser beam; therefore, the single-point energy of the first laser beam is larger than that of the second laser beam, the linewidth of the first laser beam scribing is larger than that of the second laser beam scribing, and when the second scribing groove 22 is formed, a heat affected zone is reduced or no longer formed, so that damage to the solar cell sheet 1 is reduced.
In a preferred embodiment, the pulse width of the first laser beam is 45 ns-65 ns; the pulse width of the second laser beam is 20 ns-40 ns.
In a specific embodiment, a laser with a light spot size of 30 um-40 um, a frequency range of 500 KHZ-4000 KHZ and a pulse width range of 45 ns-65 ns is selected as a first laser beam, and a first scribing groove 21 is formed by scribing a 1-2 knife on a scribing channel of a solar cell; and then, a laser with a light spot size of 20um to 30um, a frequency range of 400KHZ to 4000KHZ and a pulse width range of 20ns to 40ns is used as a second laser beam, and a 2-8 knife is scratched at the bottom of the first scratch 21 under the condition that the second laser beam is coaxial with the first laser beam, so as to form the second scratch 22.
The invention also provides a solar cell 1, which comprises a long and narrow laser scribing groove 2 positioned on one surface of the solar cell, wherein the laser scribing groove 2 comprises a first scribing groove 21 and a second scribing groove 22 positioned at the bottom of the first scribing groove 21, and the first scribing groove 21 and the second scribing groove 22 are respectively and sequentially scribed by two laser beams with different light spot sizes, including but not limited to the solar cell scribing method.
The second scribe line 22 is arranged at the bottom of the first scribe line 21, and the width of the notch of the second scribe line 22 is not greater than the width of the groove bottom of the first scribe line 21, so that the width of the whole laser scribe line 2 can be reduced by 5% -20%; and the heat affected area is not accumulated in the process of forming the second scribing groove 22, and the heat affected width of the formed laser scribing groove 2 is reduced by 5-10% compared with the prior scribing process; the damage to the solar cell sheet 1 is reduced, the proportion of microcracks formed is correspondingly reduced by 50%, and the load capacity of the photovoltaic module is greatly improved.
Further, the depth of the second scribe line 22 is greater than the depth of the first scribe line 21. By reducing the depth of the first scribe line 21, the depth of the second scribe line 22 is relatively increased, and the width of the entire laser scribe line 2 is reduced as much as possible, reducing the heat affected width and the hidden crack ratio, while ensuring the depth of the entire laser scribe line 2.
Preferably, the ratio of the depth of the first scribe line 21 to the depth 22 of the second scribe line is 1:5 to 1:10. The depth of the whole laser scribing groove 2 is 40% -60% of the depth of the solar cell 1, so that subsequent breaking is facilitated.
Further, the center of the first scribe line 21 in the width direction coincides with the center of the second scribe line 22 in the width direction, so that damage to the side wall of the first scribe line 21 during formation of the second scribe line 22 is avoided, and the heat-affected width is widened; on the other hand, in the subsequent breaking, the stress on the two sides of the laser scribing groove 2 is relatively uniform, so as to avoid unnecessary damage to the solar cell 1.
The energy of the light spot of the laser beam is Gaussian, the energy of the center of the light spot is larger than that of the edge, and in the scribing process, if the powder is not timely escaped after the silicon wafer is gasified, the powder can be deposited on the two sides of the formed scribing groove, so that if the same laser beam is scribed for a plurality of times at the same position, a scribing groove with a cross section similar to a cone shape can be formed. . In the present invention, the laser scribing groove 2 is sequentially scribed by two laser beams with different spot sizes, and in a preferred embodiment, the cross section of the first scribing groove 21 is trapezoidal; the second scribe line 22 has a triangular cross section, which facilitates scribing and subsequent breaking.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, the strip-shaped solar cell 3 formed by breaking the solar cell 1 is provided with a first laser cutting area 31 and a second laser cutting area 32 formed by cutting two laser beams respectively, and a mechanical breaking area 33 located at the second laser area and deviating from the first laser cutting area 31.
Preferably, the first laser cutting area 31, the second laser cutting area 32 and the mechanical breaking area 33 are not on the same plane; the two laser areas are respectively formed by the first chute 21 and the second chute 22, and the mechanical fracture surface is formed by breaking along the bottom of the second chute 22.
As shown in fig. 4, when the slot opening of the second chute 22 is smaller than the slot bottom width of the first chute 21, the first laser cutting area 31 is stepped and includes an inclined area 311 and a land area 312; or as shown in fig. 5, when the slot opening of the second chute 22 is consistent with the slot bottom width of the first chute 21, the first laser cutting area 31 is an inclined area.
The invention also provides a photovoltaic module, which comprises a plurality of strip-shaped solar cells 3 which are mutually connected in series, wherein the edges of the adjacent strip-shaped solar cells 3 are overlapped, and the strip-shaped solar cells 3 are arranged as above.
Specifically, the edge thereof has a first laser cut region 31 and a second laser cut region 32 in the thickness direction, and the first laser cut region 31 and the second laser cut region 32 are respectively scribed by two laser beams in sequence. Preferably, the edge further has a mechanical breaking area 33 located at the second laser area facing away from the first laser cutting area 31, the second laser cutting area 32 and the mechanical breaking area 33 are not on the same plane, and the first laser cutting area 31 includes an inclined area 311 and a land area 312; or the first laser cut area 31 is an inclined area.
In summary, according to the invention, the first scribe line 21 is formed on the surface of the solar cell by the first laser beam with larger spot size formed on the solar cell, and the second scribe line 22 is formed at the bottom of the first scribe line 21 by the second laser beam with smaller spot size formed on the solar cell, so that the width of the whole laser scribe line 2 is reduced by 5% -20%; and the forming process of the second scribing groove 22 does not accumulate to form a heat affected zone, and the heat influence width of the formed laser scribing groove 2 is reduced by 5-10% compared with the prior scribing process; the damage to the solar cell is reduced, the proportion of microcracks formed is correspondingly reduced by 50%, and the load capacity of the photovoltaic module is greatly improved.
It should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is for clarity only, and that the skilled artisan should recognize that the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments that will be understood by those skilled in the art.
The above list of detailed descriptions is only specific to practical embodiments of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent embodiments or modifications that do not depart from the spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. The solar cell comprises a long and narrow laser scribing groove positioned on one surface of the solar cell, and is characterized in that the laser scribing groove comprises a first scribing groove and a second scribing groove positioned at the bottom of the first scribing groove, and the first scribing groove and the second scribing groove are respectively scribed by two laser beams with different spot sizes in sequence; the number of times of scribing of the first laser beam forming the first scribe line is smaller than the number of times of scribing of the second laser beam forming the second scribe line; the depth of the second scribe line is greater than the depth of the first scribe line.
2. The solar cell of claim 1, wherein a slot width of the second scribe lane is no greater than a slot bottom width of the first scribe lane.
3. The solar cell of claim 1, wherein a ratio of a depth of the first scribe line to a depth of the second scribe line is between 1:5 and 1:10.
4. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein a center of the first scribe line in the width direction coincides with a center of the second scribe line in the width direction.
5. The solar cell of claim 1, wherein the first scribe line has a trapezoidal cross section; the section of the second paddle vat is triangular.
6. The scribing method of the solar cell is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
scribing on the scribing lanes of the solar cell by adopting a first laser beam to form first scribing grooves;
scribing the bottom of the first scribing groove by adopting a second laser beam to form a second scribing groove;
the light spot size of the first laser beam on the solar cell is larger than that of the second laser beam on the solar cell; the scribing times of the first laser beam are smaller than the scribing times of the spot size of the second laser beam on the solar cell; the depth of the second scribe line is greater than the depth of the first scribe line.
7. The dicing method of a solar cell according to claim 6, wherein the first laser beam dice 1 to 2 knives; and the second laser beam is used for scribing 2-8 cutters.
8. The method of dicing of a solar cell according to claim 6, wherein the first laser beam is coaxial with the second laser beam.
9. The method of dicing of a solar cell according to claim 6, wherein the frequency of the first laser beam is greater than the frequency of the second laser beam and/or the pulse width of the first laser beam is greater than the pulse width of the second laser beam.
10. The method of dicing a solar cell according to claim 6, wherein the spot size of the first laser beam is 30um to 40um, the frequency range is 500KHZ to 4000KHZ, and the pulse width range is 45ns to 65ns; the second laser beam has a spot size of 20 um-30 um, a frequency range of 400 KHZ-4000 KHZ and a pulse width range of 20 ns-40 ns.
11. The photovoltaic module comprises a plurality of solar cells which are connected in series, and the edges of the adjacent solar cells are overlapped, and the photovoltaic module is characterized in that the edges of the solar cells are provided with a first laser cutting area and a second laser cutting area in the thickness direction, and the first laser cutting area and the second laser cutting area are respectively formed by sequentially dividing two beams of laser; the number of times of scribing of the first laser beam forming the first laser cutting area is smaller than the number of times of scribing of the second laser beam forming the second laser cutting area; the depth of the second laser cut region is greater than the depth of the first laser cut region.
12. The photovoltaic module of claim 11, wherein the edge further has a mechanical break area located at the second laser area facing away from the first laser cut area, the second laser cut area, and the mechanical break area not being in the same plane.
13. The photovoltaic assembly of claim 11, wherein the first laser cut region comprises a sloped region, a plateau region; or the first laser cut area is an inclined area.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011118051.6A CN114447139B (en) | 2020-10-19 | 2020-10-19 | Solar cell and scribing method thereof and photovoltaic module |
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| CN202011118051.6A CN114447139B (en) | 2020-10-19 | 2020-10-19 | Solar cell and scribing method thereof and photovoltaic module |
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| CN111276570A (en) * | 2020-02-17 | 2020-06-12 | 浙江爱旭太阳能科技有限公司 | Manufacturing method of chamfer-free battery strip, laminated battery string and laminated assembly |
| CN111730217A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-10-02 | 苏州索雷特自动化科技有限公司 | Double-laser thermal cracking cutting device and thermal cracking cutting method for solar cell |
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