CN114446131A - Lacrimal passage irrigation model - Google Patents
Lacrimal passage irrigation model Download PDFInfo
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- CN114446131A CN114446131A CN202210220049.2A CN202210220049A CN114446131A CN 114446131 A CN114446131 A CN 114446131A CN 202210220049 A CN202210220049 A CN 202210220049A CN 114446131 A CN114446131 A CN 114446131A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lacrimal passage irrigation model, relates to the field of nursing teaching models, and provides an ophthalmological lacrimal passage irrigation model capable of presenting different lacrimal passage blocking conditions. The model comprises a simulated lacrimal passage and a main control device; the simulated lacrimal passage comprises an upper lacrimal punctum, an upper lacrimal canaliculus, a lower lacrimal punctum, a lower lacrimal canaliculus, a lacrimal main, a lacrimal sac and a nasolacrimal duct, the lacrimal sac is connected with the upper end of the nasolacrimal duct, one end of the lacrimal main is connected with the upper lacrimal canaliculus and the lower lacrimal canaliculus, the other end of the lacrimal main is connected with the nasolacrimal duct and is close to the lacrimal sac, the upper lacrimal punctum is positioned at the end part of the upper lacrimal canaliculus, and the lower lacrimal punctum is positioned at the end part of the lower lacrimal canaliculus; the upper lacrimal canaliculus, the lower lacrimal canaliculus, the common lacrimal duct and the nasolacrimal duct are all provided with tube controllers for controlling the opening and closing of the tubes; the main control device is capable of operating each tube controller. The invention can simulate the conditions of normal, blocked, narrow and dacryocystitis of lacrimal ducts and false canals when the lacrimal canaliculus is punctured, thereby showing various lacrimal duct flushing phenomena in the background technology in teaching and being beneficial to study of students.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of nursing teaching models, in particular to a lacrimal passage irrigation model.
Background
Lacrimal passage irrigation is a common nursing operation in ophthalmology, and is mainly used for injecting solution into the lacrimal passage from a punctum needle by using a blunt round needle, thereby assisting a doctor to diagnose related diseases of the lacrimal passage.
Different phenomena are encountered during lacrimal irrigation, which represent different blockage conditions of the lacrimal passage. Firstly, the syringe is smoothly opened by applying light pressure, and the nasopharynx of the patient has flushing fluid flowing in, which indicates that the lacrimal passage is normal and has no blockage. And secondly, if the needle does not enter the lacrimal sac, the flushing fluid flows back from the origin, which indicates that the lacrimal canaliculus is blocked. And thirdly, when the needle does not enter the lacrimal sac, the flushing fluid flows out from the other lacrimal canaliculus, and the obstruction of the lacrimal canaliculus is indicated. Fourthly, the needle can enter into the lacrimal sac, and the flushing fluid flows out from the origin, which indicates that the nasolacrimal duct and the lacrimal canaliculus on the other side are blocked; fluid flow from the other side, indicating nasolacrimal duct obstruction; chronic dacryocystitis is caused by mucus or pus being flushed out. Fifthly, the injector is flushed through with a slightly larger pressure, which indicates that the lacrimal passage is narrow; the nasogenic lacrimal passage obstruction is caused by the fact that the nasal mucosa is contracted by 1% ephedrine and then washed to be unobstructed. And sixthly, the flushing liquid is injected smoothly, no flushing liquid flows into the nasopharynx of the patient with the changed posture, and the eyelid or the surrounding skin of the patient is swollen, so that the flushing liquid possibly punctures the lacrimal passage and is accumulated under the skin.
When the lacrimal passage is flushed, the lacrimal passage condition is judged according to the flushing condition, and then the treatment can be carried out by adopting flushing, medicine injection and even operation modes.
The applicant has acquired the qualification of specialized nurse base training in kyoto and specialized nurse training in the care society of Sichuan province. The lacrimal passage irrigation technology is one of skills which must be mastered by a special nurse in ophthalmology, and the general nurse learns the technology by book and video teaching and then operates on the patient to slowly accumulate experience, but the operation is fine, so that accidents such as bleeding, pain, subcutaneous hematoma, cornea injury and the like are easily caused, and the operation is not suitable for inexperienced beginners to operate on the eyes of the patient.
The general teaching mould is ordinary teaching mould, and the material uses ordinary plastics to do work, and is relatively more crude to can't control lacrimal passage obstruction position, so need to have the teaching model that can help the student to try many times, aassessment, judge, constantly accumulate experience, the urgent need at present be one kind help ophthalmology nurse understand, judge, the novel lacrimal passage of steerable lacrimal passage obstruction position of study wash teaching mould.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: provides a lacrimal passage irrigation model capable of presenting different blockage conditions of the lacrimal passage.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the problems is as follows: the lacrimal passage irrigation model comprises a simulated lacrimal passage and a main control device; the simulated lacrimal passage comprises an upper lacrimal punctum, an upper lacrimal canaliculus, a lower lacrimal punctum, a lower lacrimal canaliculus, a lacrimal main, a lacrimal sac and a nasolacrimal duct, the lacrimal sac is connected with the upper end of the nasolacrimal duct, one end of the lacrimal main is connected with the upper lacrimal canaliculus and the lower lacrimal canaliculus, the other end of the lacrimal main is connected with the nasolacrimal duct and is close to the lacrimal sac, the upper lacrimal punctum is positioned at the end part of the upper lacrimal canaliculus, and the lower lacrimal punctum is positioned at the end part of the lower lacrimal canaliculus; the upper lacrimal canaliculus, the lower lacrimal canaliculus, the common lacrimal duct and the nasolacrimal duct are all provided with tube controllers for controlling the opening and closing of the tubes; the main control device is capable of operating each tube controller.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the lacrimal passage irrigation model comprises a lacrimal sac control structure; the lacrimal sac comprises a lacrimal sac main body, a lacrimal sac tube and a sponge, the lacrimal sac tube is connected with the lacrimal sac main body, a plurality of small holes are arranged on the lacrimal sac tube, the lacrimal sac tube is inserted into the nasolacrimal duct, and the sponge is filled in the lacrimal sac tube; the lacrimal sac control structure comprises a control core, a lacrimal sac motor, a liquid tank, a liquid pump, an input pipe and a discharge pipe; the control core is positioned in the lacrimal sac and comprises a core bottom plate and a core side plate, the core bottom plate is attached to the bottom plate of the lacrimal sac main body, the core side plate is attached to the side plate of the lacrimal sac main body, the lacrimal sac motor is connected with the core bottom plate, and the lacrimal sac motor can drive the control core to rotate so as to control whether the core side plate seals the lacrimal sac tube or not; the liquid tank is internally stored with simulated pus, the input pipe is connected with the dacryocyst main body and the liquid pump, the liquid pump can pump out the simulated pus, and the discharge pipe is connected with the dacryocyst main body and the liquid tank; the main control device can work by the lacrimal sac motor and the liquid pump.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the lacrimal passage irrigation model comprises two puncture indicating structures; the upper lacrimal canaliculus comprises an upper lacrimal canaliculus straight section, an upper lacrimal canaliculus bent section and an upper lacrimal canaliculus arc section connecting the upper lacrimal canaliculus straight section and the upper lacrimal punctum; the inferior lacrimal canaliculus comprises a inferior lacrimal canaliculus straight section, a inferior lacrimal canaliculus bent section and a inferior lacrimal canaliculus arc section connecting the inferior lacrimal canaliculus straight section and the inferior lacrimal punctum; the puncture indicating structure comprises an elastic liquid bag, an indicating structure tube, an indicating structure valve and an indicating structure switch, wherein the elastic liquid bag is connected with the rear end of the indicating structure tube; the puncture indicating structure is arranged corresponding to the upper lacrimal canaliculus, an indicating structure tube of the puncture indicating structure is connected with the arc section of the upper lacrimal canaliculus, and the front end of the indicating structure tube is opposite to the straight section of the upper lacrimal canaliculus; the other puncture indicating structure is arranged corresponding to the lower lacrimal canaliculus, an indicating structure tube of the puncture indicating structure is connected with the arc-shaped section of the lower lacrimal canaliculus, and the front end of the indicating structure tube is opposite to the straight section of the lower lacrimal canaliculus; the main control device can control the indicating structure valve according to the signal of the indicating structure switch.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the tube controllers arranged on the upper lacrimal canaliculus, the lower lacrimal canaliculus and the lacrimal common duct are valves; the tube controller arranged on the nasolacrimal duct is of a tube clamping structure, the tube clamping structure comprises a tube sleeve, a clamping cylinder, a clamping head, a driving cylinder and an electric telescopic rod, the tube sleeve is sleeved on the nasolacrimal duct, the clamping cylinder is connected with the tube sleeve, the clamping head is connected with the clamping cylinder, the clamping head clamps the nasolacrimal duct when the clamping cylinder extends, the driving cylinder is connected with the clamping cylinder through a pipeline, and the electric telescopic rod is connected with the driving cylinder.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the lacrimal passage irrigation model comprises a camera, the nasolacrimal duct is transparent, the camera is arranged corresponding to the nasolacrimal duct, the main control device can identify the color of an image shot by the camera, and the driving cylinder is controlled according to the identified color.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the lacrimal passage irrigation model comprises a model shell, wherein a simulated lacrimal passage, a main control device, a tube controller, a lacrimal sac control structure, a puncture indication structure and a camera are all positioned in the model shell; the model shell comprises a human face-shaped panel, the human face-shaped panel comprises a panel main body, a simulation eyeball, a simulation nose and a simulation eyelid, the panel main body, the simulation nose, the simulation eyelid, an upper lacrimal canaliculus, a lower lacrimal canaliculus and a common lacrimal duct are all transparent, the simulation eyelid is made of silica gel and covers the simulation eyeball, and an upper lacrimal punctum and a lower lacrimal punctum are both made of silica gel and are integrated with the simulation eyelid; the nasolacrimal duct is communicated with the nostrils of the simulation nose; the elastic liquid sac is positioned in the simulated eyelid and is connected with the simulated eyeball.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the lacrimal passage irrigation model comprises a rubber cover plate, the rubber cover plate can be covered on a human face-shaped panel, and an eyeball hole is formed in the rubber cover plate.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the main control device is operated to control the lacrimal passage irrigation model to be in the following six states: the first state is that the superior lacrimal canaliculus, the inferior lacrimal canaliculus, the common lacrimal duct and the nasolacrimal duct are all opened; state two is closure of either or both of the superior and inferior lacrimal canaliculi; the third state is closing of the lacrimal duct; state four, nasolacrimal duct is closed; state five is partial nasolacrimal duct closure; and the sixth state is that the simulated pus is absorbed in the sponge.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the main control device can control the lacrimal passage irrigation model to randomly take the following six states: the first state is that the superior lacrimal canaliculus, the inferior lacrimal canaliculus, the common lacrimal duct and the nasolacrimal duct are all opened; state two is closure of either or both of the superior and inferior lacrimal canaliculi; the third state is closing of the lacrimal duct; state four, nasolacrimal duct is closed; state five is partial nasolacrimal duct closure; and the sixth state is that the simulated pus is absorbed in the sponge.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can simulate the situations of normal, blocked, stenotic and dacryocystitis of the lacrimal passage and puncture the lacrimal passage, thereby showing various lacrimal passage flushing phenomena in the background technology in teaching. The device is beneficial to the students to be familiar with various phenomena of lacrimal passage irrigation as soon as possible, and is beneficial to the students to learn to judge the lacrimal passage condition according to the lacrimal passage irrigation phenomenon more quickly.
After the invention is further improved, the study condition of the student can be examined.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an external view of a model of lacrimal passage irrigation;
FIG. 2 is a view showing the internal structure of a lacrimal passage irrigation model;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an indicating configuration switch;
fig. 4 is a diagram of a lacrimal sac control structure;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view A-A of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a view of the tube closure configuration;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the mold shell;
FIG. 8 is a view showing the structure of a rubber cap;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a lacrimal passage irrigation model control apparatus;
FIG. 10 is a view showing an actual needle insertion;
labeled as: model shell 1, human face plate 11, face plate body 111, simulated eyeball 112, simulated eyelid 113, simulated nose 114, partition plate 12, simulated lacrimal passage 2, superior punctum 21, superior lacrimal canaliculus 22, superior lacrimal canaliculus straight section 221, superior lacrimal canaliculus arc section 222, superior lacrimal canaliculus curved section 223, inferior lacrimal punctum 23, inferior lacrimal canaliculus 24, inferior lacrimal canaliculus straight section 241, inferior lacrimal canaliculus arc section 242, inferior lacrimal canaliculus curved section 243, common canaliculus 25, lacrimal sac 26, lacrimal sac body 261, lacrimal sac tube 262, small hole 263, sponge 264, nasolacrimal duct 27, tube controller 3, valve 31, tube closing structure 32, tube sleeve 321, pinching cylinder 322, pinching head 323, driving cylinder 324, electric driving cylinder 325, puncture indicating structure 4, indicating structure tube 41, indicating structure switch 42, driving head 421, indicating structure valve 43, elastic sac 44, camera 5, lacrimal sac control structure 6, discharging tube 61, Control core 62, core bottom plate 621, core side plate 622, input tube 63, lacrimal sac motor 64, liquid pump 65, liquid tank 66, rubber cover plate 7, eyeball hole 71.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the lacrimal passage irrigation model includes a simulated lacrimal passage 2 and a main control device; the simulated lacrimal passage 2 comprises an upper lacrimal punctum 21, an upper lacrimal canaliculus 22, a lower lacrimal punctum 23, a lower lacrimal canaliculus 24, a lacrimal duct 25, a lacrimal sac 26 and a nasolacrimal duct 27, wherein the lacrimal sac 26 is connected with the upper end of the nasolacrimal duct 27, one end of the lacrimal duct 25 is connected with the upper lacrimal canaliculus 22 and the lower lacrimal canaliculus 24, the other end of the lacrimal duct 25 is connected with the nasolacrimal duct 27 and is close to the lacrimal sac 26, the upper lacrimal punctum 21 is positioned at the end part of the upper lacrimal canaliculus 22, and the lower lacrimal punctum 23 is positioned at the end part of the lower lacrimal duct 24; the upper lacrimal canaliculus 22, the lower lacrimal canaliculus 24, the common lacrimal duct 25 and the nasolacrimal duct 27 are all provided with a duct controller 3 for controlling the opening and closing of the ducts; the main control device can operate each tube controller 3.
The simulated lacrimal passage 2 has the same structure as the lacrimal passage of a human body. The upper lacrimal canaliculus 22, the lower lacrimal canaliculus 24, the common lacrimal duct 25 and the nasolacrimal duct 27 are all provided with a duct controller 3 for controlling the opening and closing of the ducts. The pipe controller 3 can be a valve 31 or a pipe clamp, and when the valve is closed or the pipe clamp clamps the pipeline, the corresponding pipeline is closed, and the corresponding pipeline is blocked; otherwise, the corresponding pipeline is opened and the corresponding pipeline is unobstructed. The present invention thus simulates the blockage and patency of the superior canaliculus 22, inferior canaliculus 24, common lacrimal duct 25, and nasolacrimal duct 27. Namely, the lacrimal passage conditions I, II and III in the background technology can be simulated. The volume of each part of the invention can be reduced as much as possible, and the size of each part is closer to the size of a lacrimal passage of a human body.
Further, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, a preferred lacrimal irrigation model of the present invention includes a lacrimal sac control structure 6; the lacrimal sac 26 comprises a lacrimal sac body 261, a lacrimal sac tube 262 and a sponge 264, the lacrimal sac tube 262 is connected with the lacrimal sac body 261, the lacrimal sac tube 262 is provided with a plurality of small holes 263, the lacrimal sac tube 262 is inserted into the nasolacrimal duct 27, and the sponge 264 is filled in the lacrimal sac tube 262; the lacrimal sac control structure 6 comprises a control core 62, a lacrimal sac motor 64, a liquid tank 66, a liquid pump 65, an input pipe 63 and a discharge pipe 61; the control core 62 is positioned in the lacrimal sac 26, the control core 62 comprises a core bottom plate 621 and a core side plate 622, the core bottom plate 621 is attached to the bottom plate of the lacrimal sac main body 261, the core side plate 622 is attached to the side plate of the lacrimal sac main body 261, the lacrimal sac motor 64 is connected with the core bottom plate 621, and the lacrimal sac motor 64 can drive the control core 62 to rotate so as to control whether the core side plate 622 seals the lacrimal sac tube 262; the liquid tank 66 is used for storing simulated pus, the input pipe 63 is connected with the lacrimal sac main body 261 and the liquid pump 65, the liquid pump 65 can pump out the simulated pus, and the discharge pipe 61 is connected with the lacrimal sac main body 261 and the liquid tank 66; the main control means is capable of operating the lacrimal sac motor 64 and the fluid pump 65.
The purpose of the above arrangement is to simulate the condition of pus discharge from the lacrimal sac. A fluid pump 65 draws the simulated pus from the fluid tank 66 and delivers it through an inlet tube 63 to the lacrimal sac body 261 for storage. Because the volume of the lacrimal sac main body 261 is small, the liquid amount delivered by the liquid pump 65 cannot be controlled accurately, and in order to avoid the influence of the internal air pressure of the lacrimal sac main body 261 on the liquid input, the lacrimal sac control structure 6 is provided with the discharge pipe 61 which can convey the redundant liquid back to the liquid tank 66. Normally, the lachrymal sac motor 64 drives the control core 62 to rotate until the core side plate 622 closes the lachrymal sac tube 262, so that the simulated pus does not enter the lachrymal sac tube 262, and no simulated pus is flushed out when the lachrymal duct flushing learning is carried out by using the lachrymal sac motor 62. When it is needed to simulate the lacrimal sac 26 with pus, the lacrimal sac motor 64 drives the control core 62 to rotate until the core side plate 622 does not close the lacrimal sac tube 262, and the liquid in the lacrimal sac main body 261 flows out by gravity and is absorbed by the sponge 264. Because the position of the lachrymal sac tube 262 corresponds to the common lacrimal duct 25, during flushing, flushing liquid enters the lachrymal sac tube 262 through the small hole 263 and rushes out the simulated pus absorbed by the sponge 264, thereby simulating the condition that the lachrymal sac of a human body has the pus. The water locking effect of the sponge 264 can avoid the simulated pus from automatically dropping out, and the simulated pus only flows out when the simulated lacrimal passage 2 is flushed; the sponge 264 only absorbs a small amount of simulated pus, and the simulated pus can be flushed out completely by one-time flushing so as to avoid interference on subsequent flushing learning. The simulated pus can be liquid capable of dyeing the washing liquid to change the color of the washing liquid or white liquid insoluble in water, so that a student can distinguish whether the simulated pus is flushed out. It can be seen that the present invention so configured can simulate the situation four described in the background.
In order to be able to simulate a situation of puncturing the lacrimal passage. As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the preferred lacrimal irrigation model includes two puncture indicating structures 4; the superior lacrimal canaliculus 22 comprises an superior lacrimal canaliculus straight section 221, an superior lacrimal canaliculus curved section 223 and an superior lacrimal canaliculus arc section 222 connecting the two, the superior lacrimal canaliculus straight section 221 is connected with the superior lacrimal punctum 21; the inferior canaliculus 24 includes a inferior canalicular straight segment 241, a inferior canalicular curved segment 243 and a inferior canalicular curved segment 242 joining the two, the inferior canalicular straight segment 241 being connected to the inferior punctum 23; the puncture indicating structure 4 comprises an elastic liquid bag 44, an indicating structure tube 41, an indicating structure valve 43 and an indicating structure switch 42, wherein the elastic liquid bag 44 is connected with the rear end of the indicating structure tube 41, the indicating structure valve 43 is arranged on the indicating structure tube 41, the indicating structure switch 42 is connected with the front end of the indicating structure tube 41, the indicating structure switch 42 is provided with a spherical crown-shaped driving head 421, and the driving head 421 extends into the indicating structure tube 41; a puncture indicating structure 4 is arranged corresponding to the upper lacrimal canaliculus 22, an indicating structure tube 41 of the puncture indicating structure 4 is connected with the upper lacrimal canaliculus arc-shaped section 222, and the front end of the indicating structure tube 41 is opposite to the upper lacrimal canaliculus straight section 221; the other puncture indicating structure 4 is arranged corresponding to the lower lacrimal canaliculus 24, the indicating structure tube 41 of the puncture indicating structure 4 is connected with the arc-shaped section 242 of the lower lacrimal canaliculus, and the front end of the indicating structure tube 41 is opposite to the straight section 241 of the lower lacrimal canaliculus; the main control device can control the indicating structure valve 43 according to the signal of the indicating structure switch 42. The indicator valve 43 is normally closed and the inner diameter of the indicator tube 41 should match the diameter of the irrigation learning needle, and the forward end of the indicator tube 41 may be slightly larger to facilitate entry of the irrigation learning needle.
As shown in fig. 10, when the lacrimal passage is actually flushed and inserted, the skin of the lower eyelid needs to be stretched towards the temporal side, so that the lacrimal canaliculus and the lacrimal trunk are in a straight line, and the flushing needle can conveniently enter the lacrimal sac. The superior canaliculus 22 of the present invention has an superior canaliculus straight section 221, an superior canaliculus arcuate section 222, and an superior canaliculus curved section 223, and the inferior canaliculus 24 has an inferior canaliculus straight section 241, a inferior canaliculus arcuate section 242, and a inferior canaliculus curved section 243. Without inserting the needle into the lacrimal sac 26, the needle is located in the superior canalicular straight section 221 or the inferior canalicular straight section 241, and the indicator structure tube 41 is closed, and the elastic sac 44 does not enter the fluid to expand. When the needle is inserted, as shown in fig. 10, the superior canaliculus 22 and the inferior canaliculus 24 are straightened, the indicator structure tube 41 swings, the front end of the indicator structure tube does not abut on the superior canaliculus straight section 221 or the inferior canaliculus straight section 241, the needle does not enter the indicator structure tube 41, and the elastic sac 44 does not enter the liquid and expand. When the needle is inserted, if the superior canaliculus 22 and the inferior canaliculus 24 are not straightened, the tip of the indicator structure tube 41 faces the superior canaliculus straight section 221 and the inferior canaliculus straight section 241, and the needle can easily enter the superior canaliculus straight section 221 or the inferior canaliculus straight section 241. After a small further insertion, the needle presses the spherical crown shaped driving head 421, this signal is transmitted to the main control device, which controls the indicating structure valve 43 to open. Since the inner diameter of the indicator structure tube 41 matches the diameter of the irrigation learning needle, when the irrigation fluid is pushed, the fluid enters the elastic sac 44 and the elastic sac 44 bulges to simulate swelling of the human skin. After the needle is withdrawn, the main control device is manually operated to open the indicator structure valve 43 and the elastic reservoir 44 rebounds to allow fluid to flow out. Therefore, through the arrangement, the invention can simulate the situation six described in the background technology.
The pipe controller 3 may be a valve 21 or a pipe clamp as described previously. The control valve 31 or the pipe clamp can enable the pipeline to be completely closed to simulate the blockage of the lacrimal passage or the pipeline to be partially closed to simulate the stenosis of the lacrimal passage. Specifically, as shown in fig. 6, the tube controller 3 of the present invention preferably disposed on the superior canaliculus 22, the inferior canaliculus 24, and the common lacrimal duct 25 is a valve 31; the tube controller 3 arranged on the nasolacrimal duct 27 is a tube clamping structure 32, the tube clamping structure 32 comprises a tube sleeve 321, a clamping cylinder 322, a clamping head 323, a driving cylinder 324 and an electric telescopic rod 325, the tube sleeve 321 is sleeved on the nasolacrimal duct 27, the clamping cylinder 322 is connected with the tube sleeve 321, the clamping head 323 is connected with the clamping cylinder 322, the clamping head 323 clamps the nasolacrimal duct 27 when the clamping cylinder 322 extends, the driving cylinder 324 is connected with the clamping cylinder 322 through a pipeline, and the electric telescopic rod 325 is connected with the driving cylinder 324.
The tube occluding structure 32 is better able to simulate a lacrimal stenosis. The tube clipping structure 32 clips the nasolacrimal duct 27 by means of air pressure, the air is compressible, if pressurized flushing is carried out, the air in the clipping cylinder 322 and the driving cylinder 324 can be compressed by the water pressure, the clipping cylinder 322 retracts, and the narrow lacrimal passage is simulated to be flushed. The electric telescopic rod 325 enables the driving cylinder 324 to further compress air, so that the air pressure in the clamping cylinder 322 and the driving cylinder 324 is increased, the retraction difficulty of the clamping cylinder 322 can be increased, and the lacrimal passage blockage can be simulated.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, it is preferable that the lacrimal passage irrigation model includes a camera 5, the nasolacrimal duct 27 is transparent, the camera 5 is disposed corresponding to the nasolacrimal duct 27, and the main control device is capable of recognizing a color of an image captured by the camera 5 and controlling the driving cylinder 324 according to the recognized color.
The purpose of this setup is to simulate the situation five described in the background. The opening was found to be poor upon rinsing, simulating 1% ephedrine with a certain color, e.g. blue liquid. Dropping into nasolacrimal duct 27, camera 5 transmits nasolacrimal duct 27 image to main control unit, and main control unit discerns the colour of the image of shooing of camera 5, if discerning blue, then control electric telescopic handle 325 to retract, relieve the narrow state of nasolacrimal duct 27. Therefore, through the arrangement, the invention can simulate the situation five described in the background technology. The specific way of image recognition, etc. is the prior art, and many patents are disclosed, and are not described herein.
In order to make the present invention more visible, as shown in fig. 1, it is preferable that the lacrimal passage irrigation model includes a model shell 1, a simulated lacrimal passage 2, a main control device, a tube controller 3, a lacrimal sac control structure 6, a puncture indication structure 4 and a camera 5 all located in the model shell 1; the model shell 1 comprises a human face-shaped panel 11, the human face-shaped panel 11 comprises a panel main body 111, a simulation eyeball 112, a simulation nose 114 and a simulation eyelid 113, the panel main body 111, the simulation nose 114, the simulation eyelid 113, the upper lacrimal canaliculus 22, the lower lacrimal canaliculus 24 and the common lacrimal duct 25 are all transparent, the simulation eyelid 113 is made of silica gel and covers the simulation eyeball 112, and the upper lacrimal punctum 21 and the lower lacrimal punctum 23 are both made of silica gel and are integrated with the simulation eyelid 113; nasolacrimal duct 27 communicates with the nostrils of simulated nose 114; an elastomeric sac 44 is positioned within the simulated eyelid 113 and is attached to the simulated eyeball 112.
In order to provide sufficient flexibility to simulated eyelid 113 so that superior canaliculus 22 and inferior canaliculus 24 are in line with the common lacrimal duct, simulated eyelid 113 may be somewhat larger, significantly larger than the human eyelid ratio. The superior 22 and inferior 24 canaliculi can be closed, with the needles spreading open into the lacrimal passage due to the elasticity of the material. The panel main body 111, the simulation nose 114, the simulation eyelid 113, the upper lacrimal canaliculus 22, the lower lacrimal canaliculus 24, the lacrimal duct 25 and the nasolacrimal duct 27 are all transparent, and colored liquid, such as red liquid, can be adopted as the flushing liquid, so that the trainees can know the trend of the liquid in flushing, and the learning efficiency is improved.
As shown in fig. 7, there may be a baffle 12 in the model shell 1, with the simulated lacrimal passage 2 placed on the baffle 12, and other structures placed as far below the baffle 12 as possible.
Besides learning, the invention can also be used for testing and checking the learning effect. The present invention should not be transparent when tested because the actual lacrimal passage is not visible when the lacrimal passage is flushed. For this purpose, as shown in fig. 8, the lacrimal passage irrigation model comprises a rubber cover plate 7, the rubber cover plate 7 can be covered on the human face panel 11, and the rubber cover plate 7 is provided with an eyeball hole 71. The rubber cover 7 is flexible without affecting the flip-open of the simulated eyelid 113 and the pulling of the simulated eyelid 113.
The main control device of the invention can be provided with a plurality of switches, the switches are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the valve 31, the electric telescopic rod 325, the indicating structure valve 43, the lacrimal sac motor 64 and the liquid pump 65, and a teacher can operate the switches to control the switches of each electric component to realize the simulation of various conditions of the lacrimal passage.
In order to facilitate random simulation exercises, the lacrimal passage irrigation model can be controlled to be in the following six states by one key: state one is with the superior canaliculus 22, inferior canaliculus 24, common lacrimal duct 25, and nasolacrimal duct 27 all open; state two is either or both of the superior 22 and inferior 24 lacrimal canaliculi being closed; the third state is the closing of the common lacrimal duct 25; state four with nasolacrimal duct 27 closed; state five is partial closure of nasolacrimal duct 27; the sixth state is the simulated pus imbibed into the sponge 264.
For the convenience of examination, the main control device can preferably control the lacrimal passage irrigation model to randomly take the following six states: state one is with the superior canaliculus 22, inferior canaliculus 24, common lacrimal duct 25, and nasolacrimal duct 27 all open; state two is either or both of the superior 22 and inferior 24 lacrimal canaliculi being closed; the third state is the closing of the common lacrimal duct 25; state four with nasolacrimal duct 27 closed; state five is partial closure of nasolacrimal duct 27; the sixth state is the simulated pus imbibed into the sponge 264.
The core of the main control device of the invention can be the existing controllers such as PLC, single chip microcomputer and the like.
The invention can be further provided with a plurality of arrangements. For example, a Rosenmuller valve is placed at the opening of the common lacrimal duct to prevent the backflow of irrigation fluid. The voice prompt function can be set to simulate the pain, discomfort and the like of the patient, for example, if the color of the flushing liquid is shot by the camera 5, the liquid is prompted to enter the nasopharynx part by voice. An indicator light may also be provided to indicate that there is liquid in a particular line. The rhinitis part can be placed with cotton, and the amount of the washing liquid is judged according to the wetting degree of the washing liquid on the cotton, so as to comprehensively judge the lacrimal passage stenosis degree of the patient.
Claims (9)
1. A lacrimal passage irrigation model, characterized by: comprises a simulated lacrimal passage (2) and a main control device; the simulated lacrimal passage (2) comprises an upper lacrimal punctum (21), an upper lacrimal canaliculus (22), a lower lacrimal punctum (23), a lower lacrimal canaliculus (24), a common lacrimal duct (25), a lacrimal sac (26) and a nasolacrimal duct (27), wherein the lacrimal sac (26) is connected to the upper end of the nasolacrimal duct (27), one end of the common lacrimal duct (25) is connected with the upper lacrimal canaliculus (22) and the lower lacrimal canaliculus (24), the other end of the common lacrimal duct (25) is connected with the nasolacrimal duct (27) and is close to the lacrimal sac (26), the upper lacrimal punctum (21) is positioned at the end part of the upper lacrimal canaliculus (22), and the lower lacrimal punctum (23) is positioned at the end part of the lower lacrimal duct (24); the upper lacrimal canaliculus (22), the lower lacrimal canaliculus (24), the common lacrimal duct (25) and the nasolacrimal duct (27) are all provided with a duct controller (3) for controlling the opening and closing of the duct; the main control device can operate each pipe controller (3).
2. The lacrimal passage irrigation model of claim 1, wherein: comprising a lacrimal sac control structure (6); the lacrimal sac (26) comprises a lacrimal sac body (261), a lacrimal sac tube (262) and a sponge (264), the lacrimal sac tube (262) is connected with the lacrimal sac body (261), the lacrimal sac tube (262) is provided with a plurality of small holes (263), the lacrimal sac tube (262) is inserted into the nasolacrimal duct (27), and the sponge (264) is filled in the lacrimal sac tube (262); the lacrimal sac control structure (6) comprises a control core (62), a lacrimal sac motor (64), a liquid tank (66), a liquid pump (65), an input pipe (63) and a discharge pipe (61); the control core (62) is positioned in the lacrimal sac (26), the control core (62) comprises a core bottom plate (621) and a core side plate (622), the core bottom plate (621) is attached to the bottom plate of the lacrimal sac main body (261), the core side plate (622) is attached to the side plate of the lacrimal sac main body (261), the lacrimal sac motor (64) is connected with the core bottom plate (621), and the lacrimal sac motor (64) can drive the control core (62) to rotate so as to control whether the core side plate (622) seals the lacrimal sac tube (262); the liquid tank (66) is used for storing simulated pus, the input pipe (63) is connected with the lacrimal sac main body (261) and the liquid pump (65), the liquid pump (65) can pump out the simulated pus, and the discharge pipe (61) is connected with the lacrimal sac main body (261) and the liquid tank (66); the main control device is capable of operating the lacrimal sac motor (64) and the liquid pump (65).
3. The lacrimal passage irrigation model of claim 2, wherein: comprises two puncture indicating structures (4); the upper lacrimal canaliculus (22) comprises an upper lacrimal canaliculus straight section (221), an upper lacrimal canaliculus bent section (223) and an upper lacrimal canaliculus arc section (222) connecting the upper lacrimal canaliculus straight section and the upper lacrimal canaliculus bent section, wherein the upper lacrimal canaliculus straight section (221) is connected with the upper lacrimal punctum (21); the inferior canaliculus (24) comprises a inferior canaliculus straight segment (241), a inferior canaliculus curved segment (243) and a inferior canaliculus arc segment (242) connecting the inferior canaliculus straight segment and the inferior canaliculus curved segment, and the inferior canaliculus straight segment (241) is connected with the inferior punctum (23); the puncture indicating structure (4) comprises an elastic liquid bag (44), an indicating structure pipe (41), an indicating structure valve (43) and an indicating structure switch (42), wherein the elastic liquid bag (44) is connected with the rear end of the indicating structure pipe (41), the indicating structure valve (43) is arranged on the indicating structure pipe (41), the indicating structure switch (42) is connected with the front end of the indicating structure pipe (41), the indicating structure switch (42) is provided with a driving head (421) in a spherical crown shape, and the driving head (421) extends into the indicating structure pipe (41); a puncture indicating structure (4) is arranged corresponding to the upper lacrimal canaliculus (22), an indicating structure tube (41) of the puncture indicating structure (4) is connected with the upper lacrimal canaliculus arc section (222), and the front end of the indicating structure tube (41) is opposite to the upper lacrimal canaliculus straight section (221); the other puncture indicating structure (4) is arranged corresponding to the lower lacrimal canaliculus (24), an indicating structure tube (41) of the puncture indicating structure (4) is connected with the arc-shaped section (242) of the lower lacrimal canaliculus, and the front end of the indicating structure tube (41) is opposite to the straight section (241) of the lower lacrimal canaliculus; the main control device can control the indicating structure valve (43) according to the signal of the indicating structure switch (42).
4. The lacrimal passage irrigation model of claim 3, wherein: the tube controller (3) arranged on the upper lacrimal canaliculus (22), the lower lacrimal canaliculus (24) and the common lacrimal duct (25) is a valve (31); the tube controller (3) arranged on the nasolacrimal duct (27) is a tube clamping structure (32), the tube clamping structure (32) comprises a tube sleeve (321), a clamping cylinder (322), a clamping head (323), a driving cylinder (324) and an electric telescopic rod (325), the tube sleeve (321) is sleeved on the nasolacrimal duct (27), the clamping cylinder (322) is connected with the tube sleeve (321), the clamping head (323) is connected with the clamping cylinder (322), the clamping head (323) clamps the nasolacrimal duct (27) when the clamping cylinder (322) extends, the driving cylinder (324) is connected with the clamping cylinder (322) through a pipeline, and the electric telescopic rod (325) is connected with the driving cylinder (324).
5. The lacrimal passage irrigation model of claim 4, wherein: the nasolacrimal duct (27) is transparent, the camera (5) and the nasolacrimal duct (27) are correspondingly arranged, and the main control device can identify the color of an image shot by the camera (5) and control the driving cylinder (324) according to the identified color.
6. The lacrimal passage irrigation model of claim 5, wherein: comprises a model shell (1), a simulated lacrimal passage (2), a main control device, a tube controller (3), a lacrimal sac control structure (6), a puncture indication structure (4) and a camera (5) which are all positioned in the model shell (1); the model shell (1) comprises a human face-shaped panel (11), the human face-shaped panel (11) comprises a panel main body (111), a simulation eyeball (112), a simulation nose (114) and a simulation eyelid (113), the panel main body (111), the simulation nose (114), the simulation eyelid (113), an upper lacrimal canaliculus (22), a lower lacrimal canaliculus (24) and a common lacrimal duct (25) are all transparent, the simulation eyelid (113) is made of silica gel and covers the simulation eyeball (112), and an upper lacrimal punctum (21) and a lower lacrimal punctum (23) are both made of silica gel and are integrated with the simulation eyelid (113); the nasolacrimal duct (27) is communicated with the nostril of the simulation nose (114); an elastomeric sac (44) is positioned within the simulated eyelid (113) and is connected to the simulated eyeball (112).
7. The lacrimal passage irrigation model of claim 6, wherein: the novel human face-shaped panel comprises a rubber cover plate (7), wherein the rubber cover plate (7) can be covered on a human face-shaped panel (11), and an eyeball hole (71) is formed in the rubber cover plate (7).
8. The lacrimal passage irrigation model of claim 7, wherein: the main control device is operated to control the lacrimal passage irrigation model to be in the following six states: the first state is that the superior lacrimal canaliculus (22), the inferior lacrimal canaliculus (24), the common lacrimal duct (25) and the nasolacrimal duct (27) are all opened; state two is either or both of the superior canaliculus (22) and the inferior canaliculus (24) closed; the third state is that the common lacrimal duct (25) is closed; state four with nasolacrimal duct (27) closed; state five is partial closure of nasolacrimal duct (27); the sixth state is that the simulated pus is absorbed in the sponge (264).
9. The lacrimal passage irrigation model of claim 7, wherein: the main control device can control the lacrimal passage irrigation model to randomly take the following six states: the first state is that the superior lacrimal canaliculus (22), the inferior lacrimal canaliculus (24), the common lacrimal duct (25) and the nasolacrimal duct (27) are all opened; state two is either or both of the superior canaliculus (22) and the inferior canaliculus (24) closed; the third state is that the common tear duct (25) is closed; state four with nasolacrimal duct (27) closed; state five is partial closure of nasolacrimal duct (27); the sixth state is that the simulated pus is absorbed in the sponge (264).
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