CN114445223A - Block chain-based power demand response transaction method and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a block chain-based power demand response transaction method and system, comprising the following steps: based on the total load and response time required to be responded by the demand side and the response request of the demand side, transaction price is achieved between the demand response user and the energy storage user through a bidding mechanism, the transaction matching between the demand response user and the energy storage user is completed, and transaction matching information is formed; according to the response completion condition, sending the transaction matching information to the block chain, triggering a preset electricity purchasing or electricity selling intelligent contract in the block chain, and performing transaction settlement; transaction settlement detail data is stored in an on-chain distributed database.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power grid demand side response transaction, and particularly relates to a block chain-based power demand response transaction method and system.
Background
The power market demand response means that a user responds to a price or an excitation signal and changes a normal power consumption mode, so that a demand side technical means of power utilization optimization and system resource allocation is realized, the problem of local power supply and demand tension is effectively solved, and a new regulation and control means is provided for economic, safe and stable operation of a power system.
With the implementation of demand response, the problems of insufficient settlement, overlong flow of transaction settlement, untimely settlement response, insufficient flexibility of electricity price and the like are exposed, an effective evaluation and supervision mechanism is lacked for market behaviors such as input cost, business income, risk cost and the like, subjective and objective data tampering is difficult to trace and identify, planning services adopted between the intelligent electricity utilization new business and each main body of a power grid are insufficient for multi-element excitation of multiple main bodies, a market mechanism which gives consideration to multi-body financing channels, profit modes, price mechanisms and benefit distribution is lacked, and further the development of the intelligent electricity utilization new business is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background technology, the invention provides a block chain-based electric power demand response transaction method and system, which realize automatic settlement of transactions and supervision of transaction links by establishing a demand response transaction hierarchical architecture, and improve transaction transparency and transaction efficiency.
The technical scheme is as follows: a power demand response transaction method based on a block chain comprises the following steps:
step 1: based on the total load and response time required to be responded by the demand side and the response request of the demand side, transaction price is achieved between the demand response user and the energy storage user through a bidding mechanism, the transaction matching between the demand response user and the energy storage user is completed, and transaction matching information is formed;
step 2: according to the response completion condition, sending the transaction matching information to the block chain, triggering a preset electricity purchasing or electricity selling intelligent contract in the block chain, and performing transaction settlement;
and step 3: transaction settlement detail data is stored in an on-chain distributed database.
Further, the bidding mechanism includes:
and adopting an ant colony algorithm to obtain a trading price by taking the goals of minimizing lost revenue, maximizing demand response user revenue and maximizing energy storage user revenue.
Further, the loss profit is the product of the actual load reduced at a certain moment and the price of the actual load reduced, and the loss profit is evaluated according to the following formula:
wherein P is the total power of the demand response in the current time period, T is the response time length, Cg(t) is the demand response power difference at time t; r is a fluctuation range factor, and the total response power is allowed to be in [ P-R, P + R]The wave motion is carried out within the range,
represents the load actually reduced at time t, q (t) represents the price of the load actually reduced at time t, and s (t) is a time coefficient.
Further, the demand response user revenue is expressed as:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
representing demand response user revenue, Δ Pi(t) represents the load of the demand response user reporting response at time t, Δ Fi(t) represents the load in response at time t, S (T) is a time coefficient, Qi(t) represents the ideal price for shedding load at time t.
Further, the energy storage user profit is expressed as:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
in order to save the energy of the user's profit,
representing the load that the energy storage user i actually responds to at time t,
representing the price of the energy storage user i in response to the load at time t,
indicating the revenue generated in the time segment where there is no demand response.
Furthermore, an intelligent contract obtained by converting the supervision rule is preset in the block chain; and triggering the intelligent contract in the transaction process to supervise the transaction process.
The invention also discloses a block chain-based power demand response transaction system, which comprises:
the energy storage user side comprises a plurality of energy storage user sides and is used for issuing total load and response time needing the response of the demand side;
the demand side end comprises a plurality of demand response user ends and is used for reporting the load of response;
the transaction matching unit is used for achieving a transaction price between the demand response user and the energy storage user through a bidding mechanism based on the total load and the response time of the demand side response and the load of the demand side declaration response, completing the matching of the demand response user and the energy storage user in transaction, and forming transaction matching information;
and the block chain is used for acquiring the transaction matching information, triggering a preset electricity purchasing or electricity selling intelligent contract, carrying out transaction settlement, storing detailed transaction settlement data in a distributed database on the chain, and simultaneously feeding back the detailed transaction settlement data to the energy storage user side and the demand side.
Further, the bidding mechanism includes:
and adopting an ant colony algorithm to obtain a trading price by taking the goals of minimizing lost revenue, maximizing demand response user revenue and maximizing energy storage user revenue.
Further, the loss profit is the product of the actual load reduced at a certain moment and the price of the actual load reduced, and the loss profit is evaluated according to the following formula:
wherein P is the total power of the demand response in the current time period, T is the response time length, Cg(t) is the demand response power difference at time t; r is a fluctuation range factor, and the total response power is allowed to be in [ P-R, P + R]The wave motion is carried out within the range,
represents the load actually shed at time t, Q (t) represents the price of the load actually shed at time t, and S (T) is a time coefficient;
the demand response user revenue is expressed as:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
representing demand response user revenue, Δ Pi(t) represents the load of the demand response user reporting response at time t, Δ Fi(t) represents the load in response at time t, S (T) is a time coefficient, Qi(t) represents the ideal price for shedding load at time t;
the energy storage user profit is expressed as:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
in order to save the energy of the user's profit,
representing the load that the energy storage user i actually responds to at time t,
representing the price of the energy storage user i in response to the load at time t,
indicating the revenue generated in the time segment where there is no demand response.
Furthermore, an intelligent contract obtained by converting the supervision rule is preset in the block chain; and triggering the intelligent contract in the transaction process to supervise the transaction process.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) in the invention, personalized intelligent contracts are designed for all users by considering the problems of checking between actual response strength and demand strength and the like in a trading link, the contract processing flow is a program code capable of triggering automatic execution, and the fairness of all people of market participants is ensured by the intelligent contracts;
(2) in the transaction process of the invention, all load integrators, common users and energy storage users can participate in market transaction, the system provides a reliable metering authentication technology, and the uplink of all metering data further ensures the reliability and traceability of the metering data;
(3) the invention realizes the automatic supervision of the transaction process by converting the supervision rule into the intelligent contract.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a transaction hierarchy model for a demand response transaction mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a transaction flow diagram of the demand response transaction mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a process flow diagram of a test system set up in the practice of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to the figures and examples.
The invention discloses a block chain-based power demand response transaction method, which comprises the following steps of:
step 1: based on the total load and response time of expected response of the energy storage user and the response request of the demand response user, a bidding mechanism is used for achieving an agreed transaction price between the demand response user and the energy storage user, the transaction matching of both transaction parties is completed, and a transaction matching record is formed; in the step 1, the total load and the response time of the expected response of the energy storage user are the total load and the response time which are issued by a power grid company and need the response of a demand side; the response request is submitted by the power load aggregators, the high-energy consumption units and the energy storage suppliers which pass the qualification audit; the formation of a consistent trading price depends on the quoted price, the national pricing and the fluctuation range of the two parties of the trade;
step 2: according to the response completion condition, sending the matching information of both transaction parties and the transaction record data to a block chain, triggering an intelligent contract preset in the block chain, and settling the transaction; in the step, personalized intelligent contracts are designed for all users, and the electricity purchasing or selling protocol is converted into intelligent contract codes capable of automatically triggering execution;
and step 3: the final transaction result is distributed in the intelligent contract on the block chain, namely, the specifically generated contract detailed data is stored in the distributed database on the chain, so that the full tracing of the demand response can be realized.
The bidding mechanism in the step 1 is mainly used for the objective optimization of demand response, and comprises (1) the optimization objectives of a power grid company: the national electric power construction and maintenance department, the grid company, aims to ensure the stable operation of the whole system of the grid and encourageDeveloping green energy, and simultaneously seeking the optimal subsidy price in a proper time period so as to minimize the lost income generated by demand response; setting subsidy price as QkAnd k (k ═ 1, 2, …, M) represents the guide subsidy prices at different time intervals, allowed to fluctuate within a certain range. The subsidy price is influenced by factors such as the load reduction target of the microgrid at the current time, the number of responding users, the total load reduction response at the current time, the current power generation capacity expectation and the like; (2) demand response user revenue optimization objective: the revenue for demand response customers, including load integrators, includes: subsidy and incentive brought by peak clipping load, wherein the income optimization target is to obtain the maximization of demand response income; (3) optimization target of energy storage users: for energy storage users, the goal is to deliver power to the market in anticipation of a response, with the expectation of obtaining maximum revenue. In the actual response process, the situation that the stored energy is insufficient or sufficient can occur, the electric quantity needs to be purchased from the power grid when the stored energy is insufficient, the auction participation demand response can be issued when the stored energy is sufficient, and the sold (purchased) electric power price is influenced by an excitation mechanism at different time scales.
The method realizes the minimization of lost revenue generated by demand response by seeking the optimal subsidy price, and comprises the following specific implementation steps:
in order to keep the smooth operation and the supply and demand balance of the power grid, the total amount of power required to respond to the demand in the current time period is approximately equal to the load actually reduced by the power grid company. The loss of the power grid company at a certain moment is the product of the actual reduced load and the actual reduced load price at the moment, and is evaluated according to the following formula;
wherein P is the total power limit of the demand response in the current time period, T is the response time length, the duration influences the pricing, Cg(t) is the demand response at time tA response power difference; r is a fluctuation range factor, and the total response power is allowed to be in [ P-R, P + R]The wave motion is carried out within the range,
the time coefficient is S (T), and the influence of different seasons and different time periods on the price of the demand response is different, so that S (T) can also be called an influence factor.
Maximizing the benefit of demand response users, the concrete implementation steps comprise:
the income of the demand response user is the product of the load declared to be responded by the demand response user in a reasonable variation range and the ideal price for reducing the load, the income of the demand response user is influenced by seasons and time periods, and the income of the demand response user is set as
The mathematical expression is as follows:
in the formula,. DELTA.Pi(t) represents the load of the demand response user reporting response at time t, Δ Fi(t) represents the variation of the load response at time t over a given length, S (T) is a time coefficient, Qi(t) represents the ideal price for shedding load at time t.
The method specifically comprises the following steps of maximizing the profit of a user with energy storage:
setting the profit of the energy storage user as
Calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
in order to save the energy of the user's profit,
representing the load that the energy storage user i actually responds to at time t,
representing the price of the energy storage user i in response to the load at time t,
indicating the revenue generated in the normal case, i.e., the time segment in which there is no demand response.
In order to achieve reasonable distribution of benefits of all parties, the invention adopts an optimization model based on an ant colony algorithm to obtain the optimal auction price which is taken as the agreed price achieved by all parties, and the process is as follows:
s01: firstly, calculating the income and the expense of each main body at the current time t, then generating a group of initialization ants according to a given price interval, initializing a group of data, and recording the current global optimal position;
s02: generating 35 groups of ants to begin exploring an optimal solution according to the setting;
the selection of ant paths is related to the information intensity, the pheromones are set to be equal initially, and meanwhile, the pheromones are in direct proportion to the quality of the solution;
s03: if the 35 groups of ant search is once iterated, pheromone updating is performed on all schemes once after each iteration, and then ants participating in the iteration next time perform new exploration according to the last pheromone;
s04: when a predetermined number of iterations (e.g., 200 iterations of the present algorithm) is reached, it appears that the ant type is no longer changing (i.e., the ant's contained array values are no longer changing), the algorithm ends, and the final data is the optimal solution to the current problem.
Based on the transaction method, by decomposing the service flow of the distributed transaction system, the identity authentication, the metering authentication, the intelligent contract and the like related to the distributed transaction are fused with the block chain architecture, and a demand response transaction level model based on the block chain is established, as shown in fig. 1, the model mainly comprises:
interface layer: the intelligent monitoring system provides ubiquitous Internet of things interfaces for various physical devices, and mainly achieves the intelligentization of power generation devices, energy storage devices and electric devices, such as functions of sensing the state of the devices, monitoring the operation of the devices, acquiring data, and achieving network communication protocols.
And (3) a data layer: data and information transmission protocols and their implementation form a wireless or wired information internet. By defining a standard interface, the standardization of a terminal and a block chain communication interface and the virtualization of terminal equipment are realized, data autonomy and edge intelligence are realized at edge equipment, and basic data support is provided for a block chain and a ubiquitous Internet of things.
Block chain layer: a block chain technology is introduced into the microgrid power transaction, so that credible, transparent and self-organizing optimization of the power transaction is realized. The functions of distributed accounting, intelligent contracts, digital signatures and the like of the block chain are mainly utilized to realize direct electric power transaction of an electric power producer and a user, and the trueness and credibility of data and traceability of transaction records are ensured. By using an intelligent contract mechanism of a block chain, an electricity purchasing or selling protocol is converted into an intelligent contract code which can be automatically triggered and executed, so that the transaction links such as price negotiation, settlement, supervision and the like of the transaction are intelligentized and automated.
An application layer: by means of the cloud platform, a uniform access interface of a use system is provided for users, a common service facing terminal users is provided, and redefinition and reconstruction of various components are supported, so that a new application system, such as load trend prediction, scheduling optimization, a trading platform and the like, is rapidly derived.
In summary, as shown in fig. 1, the power demand response transaction based on the blockchain of the present invention is divided into three phases:
(1) information release and pricing stage: firstly, a power grid company issues total load and time needing demand side response, and power consumers and energy storage providers which pass qualification verification submit response requests; then, according to the quotations, the national pricing, the fluctuation range and the incentive factors of both parties, a consistent transaction price is formed through bidding, and a user achieves the transaction intention on an application layer, namely the matching of both parties is completed at the stage;
(2) a transaction stage: by considering the relations among the main bodies such as the power generation unit, the power distribution party, the energy storage unit and the power consumer, the supply and demand information issued by each main body and the signed supply and demand contract do not need to be authenticated by an intermediate authority, the system ensures that the transaction data has the attributes of tamper resistance, non-repudiation and the like, and the cryptology principle of the block chain can ensure that the transaction information has the above properties.
(3) And (3) settlement stage: after the transaction is completed, the matching information of the supply and demand parties and the transaction record data are transmitted to a block chain, then the batch of transaction is settled, finally, an intelligent contract is triggered, the automatic transfer of funds from the user side to the supply party is completed, and in the transaction settlement process, the block chain core technologies such as a consensus mechanism, the intelligent contract, cryptography and the like are used as the basis.
And the power supply side issues a demand response request according to the demand of the load monitoring system and the power supply and demand trend, so that a user can select to purchase the demand response request through APP or Web.
On the electricity utilization side, aiming at water purifying devices, charging piles, residents, street lamps, breeding and the like, the intelligent contract of the power grid provides transaction rules for supply and demand parties, point-to-point automatic transaction is realized, transaction records which cannot be tampered are stored, and payment of expenses is completed.
The trading platform enables users to be encouraged to select the appropriate power format and power usage at the appropriate time period by incentive mechanisms such as points, rewards, i.e. tokens, etc.
As shown in fig. 2, the example specific working process is as follows:
s01: a power grid company monitors a set load alarm threshold in real time, and if the set load alarm threshold exceeds the limit, a demand response mechanism needs to be started;
s02: regulating and controlling capacity decomposition, and dividing the required load according to the user capacity;
s03: a regulation schedule, wherein a detailed regulation schedule is formulated;
s04: triggering a demand response intelligent contract and issuing a demand response load;
s05: transaction pricing, namely completing matching of a buyer and a seller;
s06: regulating and controlling instructions at the user side, and transferring electric power after the transaction is completed;
s07: real-time monitoring is carried out, and all links in the transaction process are guaranteed to be open, fair, transparent and traceable;
s08: and effect evaluation, namely evaluating the transaction effect based on the supervision strategy to achieve consensus.
As shown in fig. 3, the demand response transaction record is stored in the blockchain, and the record structure includes { power supply unit ID, electric Quantity, Time, transaction Price } information, and in a block, the transaction record in a Time period t is included, and is organized into a Merkle structure. In the process of the demand response transaction, all load integrators, common users and energy storage users can participate in the transaction, and the reliability and traceability of the metering data are further ensured by linking all the metering data.
In order to check and recheck each flow of transaction declaration, clearing, settlement and the like, the supervision rule is converted into an intelligent contract code which can be automatically triggered and executed, so that the supervision automation is realized; and establishing a user demand response effect evaluation system by relying on the block chain distributed account book and the data authentication function, evaluating the actual effect of demand response, and evaluating and punishing the user demand response. The demand response transaction hierarchical model can interact physical flow information with the power company to check the security of the transaction. The implementation of transaction supervision based on intelligent contracts mainly comprises the following steps:
s01: the method comprises the following steps of converting requirement response transaction regulations, specifications and rules established by a national power grid and an energy source bureau into intelligent contract codes;
s02: setting a condition for automatically triggering execution of the intelligent contract code;
s03: inputting the flow control, transaction data and settlement rules of the demand response transaction into a supervision module, and judging whether the flow control, the transaction data and the settlement rules meet the specifications or not;
s04: and for the transaction which does not meet the regulation rule, immediately terminating the next operation and feeding back to the user.
The invention ensures the fairness of market participant owners through intelligent contracts, the unified interface of a power grid company is used for recharging in the links of recharging and settlement, and the funds in the account on the chain are recovered during settlement and then the funds are paid to the bound bank card.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow in the flow diagrams can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a computer to cause the computer to perform instructions to implement the functions specified in the flowchart or flowcharts.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer to perform a process such that the instructions which execute on the computer provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A power demand response transaction method based on a block chain is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: based on the total load and response time required to be responded by the demand side and the response request of the demand side, transaction price is achieved between the demand response user and the energy storage user through a bidding mechanism, the transaction matching between the demand response user and the energy storage user is completed, and transaction matching information is formed;
step 2: according to the response completion condition, sending the transaction matching information to the block chain, triggering a preset electricity purchasing or electricity selling intelligent contract in the block chain, and performing transaction settlement;
and step 3: transaction settlement detail data is stored in an on-chain distributed database.
2. The block chain-based power demand response transaction method according to claim 1, wherein: the bidding mechanism includes:
and adopting an ant colony algorithm to obtain a trading price by taking the goals of minimizing lost revenue, maximizing demand response user revenue and maximizing energy storage user revenue.
3. The blockchain-based power demand response transaction method according to claim 2, wherein: the loss revenue is the product of the actual load reduced at a certain moment and the price of the actual load reduced, and the loss revenue is evaluated according to the following formula:
wherein P is the total power limit of the demand response in the current time period, T is the response time length, Cg(t) is the demand response power difference at time t; r is a fluctuation range factor, and the total response power is allowed to be within[P-R,P+R]The wave motion is carried out within the range,
represents the load actually reduced at time t, q (t) represents the price of the load actually reduced at time t, and s (t) is a time coefficient.
4. The blockchain-based power demand response transaction method according to claim 2, wherein: the demand response user revenue is expressed as:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
representing demand response user revenue, Δ Pi(t) represents the load of the demand response user reporting response at time t, Δ Fi(t) represents the load of the response at time t, S (T) is a time coefficient, Qi(t) represents the ideal price for shedding load at time t.
5. The blockchain-based power demand response transaction method according to claim 2, wherein: the energy storage user profit is expressed as:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
for energy storage user profit, Δ Pb i(t) represents the load to which the energy storage user i actually responds at time t,
indicates at time tThe price of the energy storage user i in response to the load,
indicating the revenue generated in the time segment where there is no demand response.
6. The blockchain-based power demand response transaction method according to claim 1, wherein: an intelligent contract obtained by the conversion of a supervision rule is preset in the block chain; and triggering the intelligent contract in the transaction process to supervise the transaction process.
7. A power demand response transaction system based on a blockchain is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the energy storage user side comprises a plurality of energy storage user sides and is used for issuing total load and response time needing the response of the demand side;
the demand side end comprises a plurality of demand response user ends and is used for reporting the load of response;
the transaction matching unit is used for achieving a transaction price between the demand response user and the energy storage user through a bidding mechanism based on the total load and the response time of the demand side response and the load of the demand side declaration response, completing the matching of the demand response user and the energy storage user in transaction, and forming transaction matching information;
and the block chain is used for acquiring the transaction matching information, triggering a preset electricity purchasing or electricity selling intelligent contract, carrying out transaction settlement, storing detailed transaction settlement data in a distributed database on the chain, and simultaneously feeding back the detailed transaction settlement data to the energy storage user side and the demand side.
8. The blockchain-based power demand response transaction system according to claim 7, wherein: the bidding mechanism includes:
and adopting an ant colony algorithm to obtain a trading price by taking the goals of minimizing lost revenue, maximizing demand response user revenue and maximizing energy storage user revenue.
9. The blockchain-based power demand response transaction system according to claim 8, wherein: the loss revenue is the product of the actual load reduced at a certain moment and the price of the actual load reduced, and the loss revenue is evaluated according to the following formula:
wherein P is the total power of the demand response in the current time period, T is the response time length, Cg(t) is the demand response power difference at time t; r is a fluctuation range factor, and the total response power is allowed to be in [ P-R, P + R]The wave motion is carried out within the range,
represents the load actually shed at time t, Q (t) represents the price of the load actually shed at time t, and S (T) is a time coefficient;
the demand response user revenue is expressed as:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
representing demand response user revenue, Δ Pi(t) represents the load of the demand response user reporting response at time t, Δ Fi(t) represents the load of the response at time t, S (T) is a time coefficient, Qi(t) represents an ideal price for shedding load at time t;
the energy storage user profit is expressed as:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
in order to save the energy of the user's profit,
representing the load that the energy storage user i actually responds to at time t,
representing the price of the energy storage user i in response to the load at time t,
indicating the revenue generated in the time segment where there is no demand response.
10. The blockchain-based power demand response transaction system according to claim 7, wherein: an intelligent contract obtained by the conversion of a supervision rule is preset in a block chain; and triggering the intelligent contract in the transaction process to supervise the transaction process.
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