CN114418209A - Supply and demand game power supply planning method based on ladder type excitation demand response - Google Patents

Supply and demand game power supply planning method based on ladder type excitation demand response Download PDF

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CN114418209A
CN114418209A CN202210043696.0A CN202210043696A CN114418209A CN 114418209 A CN114418209 A CN 114418209A CN 202210043696 A CN202210043696 A CN 202210043696A CN 114418209 A CN114418209 A CN 114418209A
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刘文霞
姚齐
王月汉
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North China Electric Power University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a supply and demand game power supply planning method based on a ladder type excitation demand side response mechanism, and belongs to the field of power system planning. According to the method, a carbon transaction mechanism and a green certificate transaction mechanism are introduced, the carbon emission and the new energy consumption in the system operation process are quantized into economic values, and the enthusiasm of each main body is called through price signals to guide the optimal configuration of clean energy; a step-type incentive demand side response scheme is provided, a demand response project stimulates users to reduce electricity consumption in peak time periods, and increases electricity consumption in new energy consumption difficult time periods, for peak loads, when the load reduction quantity is increased, the user side reaches participation conditions of peak demand response, compensation is obtained, and electricity consumption cost is reduced; and with the reduction of the power consumption in the peak period, the enjoyable compensation amount is increased, the load characteristic is improved, the total cost of the power supply side and the emission of pollutants are reduced, the energy structure is optimized, and the development of a high-proportion new energy system is promoted.

Description

Supply and demand game power supply planning method based on ladder type excitation demand response
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of power system planning, and particularly relates to a supply-demand game power supply planning method based on a ladder-type excitation demand side response mechanism.
Background
Under the background of 'double carbon', the electric power system in China is accelerating to transform towards a high-proportion new energy system, in the process, the schedulable resources of the system are gradually reduced, and the regulation requirement is continuously improved. How to fully utilize user side resources to participate in system balance is concerned[1-2]。
Demand Response (DR) provides an efficient way to invoke load-side resources. At present, scholars at home and abroad have conducted preliminary studies on power supply planning considering demand response. The calling method can be divided into a price type and an incentive type. The price DR guides the user to adjust the electricity usage behavior by time-varying electricity prices. Document [3] establishes a user multi-period electricity price response model based on an electricity price elastic matrix, introduces the model into power supply planning, and guides a user to carry out peak clipping and valley filling by formulating time-of-use electricity price so as to influence a planning scheme of a power supply. Document [4] realizes the optimal configuration of various wind-light-diesel-storage units on the basis of considering the response of users to the electricity price excitation demand. However, the price type DR cannot distinguish different user types in the implementation process, and the contribution of different participation amounts to the system is not beneficial to mobilizing the enthusiasm of the users for participating in DR. In contrast, incentive-type DR encourages users to change electricity usage by subsidies or discounts. The method is more operable for power enterprises and more attractive for users. Document [5] according to the existing demand response compensation standard in Jiangsu province, the user side resources are called to improve the load characteristics, and the commissioning capacity and the planning cost of the power supply unit under different participation degrees of the demand side resources are evaluated. The document [6] introduces the direct load control into the optimization model, and performs comparative analysis on the planning schemes under different direct load control strategies, parameters and costs. Documents [7-8] evaluate the response capability and the calling cost of various resources at the user side, summarize the resources into an energy efficiency power plant, and perform unified planning by taking the energy efficiency power plant as a schedulable load side resource and a power supply side resource, thereby providing a comprehensive resource strategic planning method aiming at the lowest total social cost. However, in the above research, the subsidies of demand response all adopt fixed prices, and are set unilaterally by the power enterprises. With the improvement of marketization degree of the power industry in China, demand side resources begin to actively participate in system operation. The supply and demand parties are independent from each other, have different interest requirements and mutually influence each other. The price of the demand response subsidy is automatically agreed by both parties under government supervision; only if the government reduces intervention and a market-oriented means is adopted to make subsidy prices, the social benefit maximization can be realized, and a reasonable power supply planning scheme is made.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a supply and demand game power supply planning method based on a ladder type excitation demand side response mechanism, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: considering a power supply planning scheme of a carbon transaction mechanism and a green certificate transaction mechanism;
step 2: by analyzing the calling characteristics of two major types of schedulable resources, namely transferable load and reducible load, a response scheme of a ladder type excitation demand side is provided;
and step 3: the schedulable resources on the load side are aggregated into load aggregators, income models of the power supply side and the load aggregators are respectively established, the master-slave game relationship between the power supply side and the load aggregators is demonstrated, and a supply-demand game power supply planning model based on the master-slave relationship of a response mechanism on the ladder excitation demand side is established on the basis;
and 4, step 4: solving a supply and demand game power supply planning model by adopting a differential evolution algorithm and a mixed integer planning method;
according to the power supply planning scheme in the step 1, a carbon transaction mechanism and a green certificate transaction mechanism are introduced, the carbon emission and the new energy consumption in the system operation process are quantized into economic values, and the enthusiasm of each main body is mobilized through price signals to guide the optimal configuration of clean energy;
in the carbon market, governments give quotas to various carbon emission sources, and when the actual carbon emission of an emission source is less than the allocated quotas, the remaining quotas can be sold for profit through carbon trading; the emission source with the over-standard quota needs to buy carbon emission quota in the market to match the carbon emission amount of the source; assuming that the allocated quota of a certain power generation group is D, the carbon profit expression in the operation of the main body is as follows:
Figure BDA0003471311570000031
in the formula:
Figure BDA0003471311570000032
earnings for carbon trading;
Figure BDA0003471311570000033
a carbon transaction price; and E is the actual carbon emission.
The green certificate transaction is a component of a renewable energy quota system, one green certificate represents the renewable energy power generation amount of a corresponding unit, and the degree of completion of the quota system by a power grid company is represented as the number of the held certificates; if the quota of the green certificate of a certain system is N and the actual certificate holding amount is M, the system can obtain the following benefits through the renewable energy trading market:
CG,TGC＝λTGC(N-M) (2)
in the formula: cG,TGCEarnings for green certificate transactions; lambda [ alpha ]TGCThe trade price of unit electric quantity of green certificate.
In the step-type incentive demand side response scheme of the step 2, the demand response project motivates the user to reduce the electricity consumption in the peak time period, and increases the electricity consumption in the new energy consumption difficulty time period, for the peak load, when the load reduction amount of the user side in the electricity consumption peak time period is less than the incentive lower limit, the compensation cannot be carried out, and the electricity consumption cost at the moment is still the original electricity consumption cost; when the load reduction quantity is increased, the user side reaches the participation condition of peak demand response, compensation is obtained, and the electricity utilization cost is reduced; and the compensation amount enjoyed becomes larger along with the reduction of the power consumption in the peak period.
Figure BDA0003471311570000034
In the formula: l isp0-Lp1The accumulated electricity consumption variation of the users in the electricity consumption peak period. CpAnd compensating the price for the peak clipping electric quantity unit. Different variations enjoy different subsidies. And the delta p is a reference value of the user electricity quantity change quantity, and the user historical electricity utilization data is used as the reference value.
For the valley load, when the electricity consumption increase of the user side is less than the excitation lower limit in the electricity consumption valley period, the compensation cannot be carried out, and the electricity consumption cost is still the original electricity consumption cost. As the power consumption increases, the user side reaches the participation condition of the valley demand response, so that compensation is obtained, and the power consumption cost is reduced; and the more electricity is used in the valley period, the more electricity compensation is enjoyed.
Figure BDA0003471311570000041
In the formula: l isv0-Lv1The accumulated electricity consumption variation of the user in the load valley period. CvCompensating the price for the unit of the valley filling electric quantity; different variable quantities enjoy different subsidies, and Δ v is a reference value of the user electric quantity variable quantity.
The step 3: aggregating schedulable resources on a load side into load aggregators, respectively establishing revenue models of a power supply side and the load aggregators, and forming a master-slave game relation by taking the power supply side and the load aggregators as two participants, wherein S is used for representing the power supply side, and L is used for representing the load aggregators; participants, strategies, benefits and balance in the game model are essential elements;
when S, L plays a game, the power supply company has the strategy of setting up the installed capacity S of a certain unit and the matched power supply equipmentjAnd economic compensation amount C of DR projectt,dr. The strategy of the load aggregation provider side is to participate in the electric quantity x of the demand response item formulated by the power supply side in the time period tt. Influenced by construction environment and operation environment, decision variables can only be in respective strategy space RW、RB、RGCarry out the value internally, expressed as
Figure BDA0003471311570000042
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0003471311570000043
and
Figure BDA0003471311570000044
the lower upper limit of the installed capacity of the ith power supply;
Figure BDA0003471311570000045
and
Figure BDA0003471311570000046
subsidizing a lower upper limit of the amount of money for the demand response item carried out at the t-th time period;
Figure BDA0003471311570000047
and
Figure BDA0003471311570000048
the lower upper limit of the load change amount of the load aggregation quotient t.
The game model takes necessary and spare element income and balance as a power supply side and aims at minimizing the comprehensive cost, and the utility function is CSThe maximum electricity utilization yield of the load aggregation quotient is a target, and the energy efficiency function is FL；
The power supply side aims at the minimum comprehensive cost, and considers investment cost, operation and maintenance cost, carbon transaction and green certificate cost and demand response cost:
minCS＝Cinv+Coper+CDR+Cc,g (6)
in the formula, CinvInvestment costs for power supplies and associated power supply facilities, CoperFor operating costs, CDRCost of invocation of demand response, Cc,gThe carbon transaction and green certificate cost are respectively as follows:
1) investment cost
Figure BDA0003471311570000051
In the formula:
Figure BDA0003471311570000052
unit static investment cost for generator sets and their associated power supply facilities, djThe commissioning status of the device is a variable of 0 to 1, with 1 representing commissioning and 0 representing non-commissioning. R is the discount rate, NjThe operating life of the equipment.
2) Running cost
Figure BDA0003471311570000053
In the formula: sea is typical number of seasons, cjThe unit generating cost of the unit j is yuan/MW & h. Pi,tAnd the generated power of the unit j at the moment t.
3) Cost of demand response
The power supply side needs to pay certain economic cost to implement the DR project, and meanwhile, after the DR project is implemented, the load requirement changes, so that income is poor; the cost of the power supply side is increased,
Figure BDA0003471311570000054
in the formula: x is the number ofp、xvRespectively the peak clipping amount and the valley filling amount, rho, of the load aggregation quotient in the implementation process of the step-type demand response schemet0Representing the original base price at time t. L isto、Lt1Before and after the DR project is implemented, the user side needs to load.
4) New energy policy cost
Cc,g＝Cco2+Cg (10)
The power supply side needs to purchase carbon emission quota and green certificate cost from the market, and certain constraint conditions and government requirements shown in the formula (1) and the formula (2) are met.
The power supply side needs to purchase carbon emission quota and green certificate cost from the market, and the constraint conditions are met by the power supply side, including:
the power constraint, the installed capacity of all power supply units must be more than the maximum amount of load:
Figure BDA0003471311570000061
in the formula: l isy,maxThe maximum load in the planning period; ryRepresenting a capacity reserve factor; GCP, GEP for the power plant set and all existing power plant sets;
the electric quantity demand is restricted, and the electric energy production of all the units of the system is equal to the load demand at the moment;
Figure BDA0003471311570000062
in the formula: pt,loadRepresenting the load demand of the system at time t.
The resources are bound by natural geographic conditions, the construction of wind power and photovoltaic power plants is limited, the installed capacity of a certain power plant of each load station does not exceed the exploitable amount of the power plant,
Sjy≤Sjymax (13)
in the formula: sjyRepresents the sum of the number of units in the y year, SjymaxThe maximum loading capacity of the jth class power supply in the y year;
unit output constraint
Pj,min≤Pj,t≤Pj,max (14)
In the formula: pj,maxAnd Pj,minRespectively an upper limit and a lower limit of the jth unit output;
slope rate constraint
Figure BDA0003471311570000071
In the formula:
Figure BDA0003471311570000072
and
Figure BDA0003471311570000073
respectively represents the running state P of the thermal power generating unit j in the time period t and the time period t-1Gj,upAnd PGj,downRespectively representing the upward climbing speed limit and the downward climbing speed limit of the thermal power generating unit j;
minimum on-off time constraint
Figure BDA0003471311570000074
In the formula:
Figure BDA0003471311570000075
and
Figure BDA0003471311570000076
respectively obtaining the minimum continuous operation time and the minimum continuous shutdown time of the thermal power generating unit i; t isGi,t-1The time for the thermal power generating unit i to continue in the same running or shutdown state before the time period t;
energy storage and storage capacity constraint
Besides the limitation of charging and discharging power, the energy storage system also has the limitation of energy storage capacity and state of charge, and meanwhile, in order to meet the scheduling requirement, the energy storage system is set at the scheduling starting time t0Energy storage capacity and scheduling window end time t0The energy storage capacity of + DT is the same:
EBi,min≤EBi,t≤EBi,max (17)
Figure BDA0003471311570000077
in the formula, EBi,tThe stored electricity quantity of the stored energy i in the time period t is obtained; eBi,maxAnd EBi,minThe upper limit and the lower limit of the stored energy and stored electricity are respectively.
Step 3, the schedulable resources on the load side are aggregated into a load aggregator, revenue models of the power supply side and the load aggregator are respectively established, and the load aggregator pursues maximization of self revenue by optimizing self output under the condition of meeting operation constraint; the benefit is the difference between the revenue of the economic incentive obtained to participate in the demand response program and the cost of participation required to participate in the demand response program, as shown in the following equation,
FL＝Fdr-Cdr (19)
the load aggregators participate in the demand response program to obtain economic benefits, the amount of which is related to the amount of participated electricity,
Figure BDA0003471311570000081
Figure BDA0003471311570000082
in the formula: pdr,tThe load change amount of the load aggregator at the t-th time can also be regarded as the virtual output of the load aggregator, including the translatable load
Figure BDA0003471311570000083
And can reduce the load
Figure BDA0003471311570000084
tpAnd tvLoad peak and valley periods;
the load change cost of the load aggregation quotient is uncomfortable cost brought by the fact that a user changes electricity utilization behaviors, is non-degressive and convex, has a quadratic form and a logarithmic form, and is expressed by a quadratic form:
Figure BDA0003471311570000085
in the formula, u and v are comfort coefficients of the user to the consumption electric energy, and are constants larger than 0;
the load aggregator satisfying operational constraints includes:
1) load change amount constraint
xmin,t≤xt≤xmax,t (23)
For flexible loads in the load aggregator, the change amount of the load in a certain period of time cannot exceed the upper and lower limits of the power change amount;
2) load change ramp rate constraint
Figure BDA0003471311570000086
In the formula: x is the number oftAnd xt-1Representing the variation of the load aggregation quotient, deltax, over time period t and time period t-1, respectivelyupAnd Δ xdowmAn upward climbing speed limit and a downward climbing speed limit respectively representing load changes of the load aggregation quotient;
3) total power consumption constraint
Figure BDA0003471311570000091
That is, the change of the total electricity consumption of each main body of the load aggregation businessmen in the scheduling period can not influence the basic production and living requirements of the load aggregation businessmen.
The step 4 comprises the following steps:
step 4.1: generating a power supply side excitation scheme through a differential evolution algorithm and transmitting the power supply side excitation scheme to a load side;
step 4.2: the load aggregator decides the change amount of the load according to the excitation scheme given by the power supply side and returns the change amount to the power supply side;
step 4.3: the power supply side obtains a new load curve, carries out power supply planning on the basis of the new load curve, and returns the result to the fitness function of the differential evolution algorithm;
step 4.4: and (4) selecting, crossing and varying the population according to the fitness function to generate a next generation new population, and skipping to the step 4.1 until the balance is achieved and the iteration of the differential evolution algorithm is exited.
The beneficial effects of the invention include:
(1) providing a response scheme based on a ladder type excitation demand according to the difference between reducible load and a transferable load scheduling mode; encourages the enthusiasm of users for participating in demand response, and distinguishes different load types and contributions of different participation amounts through different compensation amounts;
(2) the supply and demand game power planning method is provided in consideration of the fact that supply and demand parties are independent from each other, have different benefit requirements and mutually influence each other. Under government supervision, the suppliers and the demanders decide reasonable demand response compensation amount, so that the load side resources are effectively called;
(3) by introducing load side resources, load characteristics are improved. The total cost of the power supply side and the emission of pollutants are reduced, the energy structure is optimized, and the development of a high-proportion new energy system is promoted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a ladder type demand response excitation scheme wherein a is shown, CpCompensating the price for the peak clipping electric quantity unit; b is shown as CvAnd compensating the price for the unit of the valley filling electric quantity.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the system operation in view of the load aggregator.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of model solution.
Detailed Description
The invention aims to provide a supply and demand game power supply planning method based on a ladder type excitation demand side response mechanism, and the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings.
The method comprises the following steps:
step 1: considering a power supply planning scheme of a carbon transaction mechanism and a green certificate transaction mechanism;
step 2: by analyzing the calling characteristics of two major types of schedulable resources, namely transferable load and reducible load, a response scheme of a ladder type excitation demand side is provided;
and step 3: the schedulable resources on the load side are aggregated into load aggregators, income models of the power supply side and the load aggregators are respectively established, the master-slave game relation between the power supply side and the load aggregators is demonstrated, and a power supply and demand game power planning model based on a ladder type excitation demand side response mechanism is established on the basis;
and 4, step 4: and solving a supply and demand game power supply planning model by adopting a differential evolution algorithm and a mixed integer planning method.
1. Power supply planning scheme considering carbon transaction and green certificate transaction mechanism
Under the background of a double-carbon target, various incentive measures are provided for encouraging the development of renewable energy power generation technology in the power industry; the introduction of the carbon transaction mechanism and the green certificate transaction mechanism quantifies the carbon emission and the new energy consumption in the system operation process into economic values, and the optimization configuration of the clean energy is guided by adjusting the enthusiasm of each main body through price signals.
In the carbon market, governments have allotted carbon emissions sources (as shown in fig. 2), and when the actual carbon emissions from the emissions sources are less than the allotted quota, the remaining quota may be sold for profit by carbon trading; the emission source with the over-standard quota needs to buy carbon emission quota in the market to match the carbon emission amount of the source; assuming that the allocated quota of a certain power generation group is D, the carbon profit expression in the operation of the main body is as follows:
Figure BDA0003471311570000111
in the formula:
Figure BDA0003471311570000112
earnings for carbon trading;
Figure BDA0003471311570000113
a carbon transaction price; and E is the actual carbon emission.
The green certificate transaction is a component of a renewable energy quota system, one green certificate represents the renewable energy power generation amount of a corresponding unit, and the degree of completion of the quota system by a power grid company is represented as the number of the held certificates. Thus, the grid company can fulfill quota requirements in 2 ways: firstly, the proportion of the electric quantity of the new energy is improved so as to obtain a certificate; secondly, the green certificate of other subjects is bought from the market side in excess. If the quota of the green certificate of a certain system is N and the actual certificate holding amount is M, the system can obtain the following benefits through the renewable energy trading market:
CG,TGC＝λTGC(N-M) (2)
in the formula: cG,TGCEarnings for green certificate transactions; lambda [ alpha ]TGCThe trade price of unit electric quantity of green certificate.
2. Ladder type excitation demand response scheme
In the traditional excitation type demand response, certain compensation is given according to the change amount of the electricity consumption of a user; the unit compensation price is fixed; for this reason, a ladder-type demand response incentive scheme is proposed, in which the user enjoys compensation of different amounts according to different response amounts, as shown in fig. 1.
Demand response programs encourage users to reduce electricity usage during peak hours and increase electricity usage during times of new energy consumption difficulties. When the amount of change in electricity usage by a user reaches a standard value for a certain package, the user can enjoy a discount specified in the package. For peak load, when the load reduction amount of the user side is less than the lower excitation limit in the peak electricity utilization period, the user side cannot be compensated, and the electricity utilization cost at the moment is still the original electricity utilization cost; when the load reduction quantity is increased, the user side reaches the participation condition of peak demand response, compensation is obtained, and the electricity utilization cost is reduced; and the compensation amount enjoyed becomes larger along with the reduction of the power consumption in the peak period.
Figure BDA0003471311570000114
In the formula: l isp0-Lp1The accumulated electricity consumption variation of the users in the electricity consumption peak period. CpAnd compensating the price for the peak clipping electric quantity unit. Different variations enjoy different subsidies. Δ p is user power changeAnd the reference value of the variable takes the historical electricity utilization data of the user as the reference value.
For the valley load, when the electricity consumption increase of the user side is less than the excitation lower limit in the electricity consumption valley period, the compensation cannot be carried out, and the electricity consumption cost is still the original electricity consumption cost. As the power consumption increases, the user side reaches the participation condition of the valley demand response, so that compensation is obtained, and the power consumption cost is reduced; and the more electricity is used in the valley period, the more electricity compensation is enjoyed.
Figure BDA0003471311570000121
In the formula: l isv0-Lv1The accumulated electricity consumption variation of the user in the load valley period. CvAnd compensating the price for the unit of the valley filling electric quantity. Different variations enjoy different subsidies. And deltav is a reference value of the change amount of the electric quantity of the user.
3. Source-load master-slave game power supply planning model
3.1 construction of Master-Slave Game model
Along with the development of the power selling side market, a load aggregator masters a large amount of demand side resources, can participate in the operation of the system through a market mechanism of the demand side, and introduces the concept of the load aggregator, so that the demand side resources are regarded as a whole to participate in the planning operation of the system. The load aggregation businessman is to reduce the power consumption of users and improve the load characteristics by implementing a series of power saving measures, thereby achieving the same purpose as that of a newly built or expanded power plant.
Currently, subsidy funds for demand response items are provided by the government or are sourced from specialty funds, and the executing subject is the grid company. The maximum load reduced after implementation has a beneficial effect on the equipment size of the power supply and the power grid. Therefore, in consideration of the correlation between demand side response and power supply and power grid, in the power supply planning stage, a power generation side and a power grid side are uniformly used as a power supply side main body, power grid input is estimated according to the maximum load equal ratio after the demand side response, the scale and the type of various power supply and energy storage input and a price mechanism guided by the demand side are used as power supply side strategies, and interaction is carried out with a load aggregator so as to realize collaborative planning under source-load interaction. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the system operation in view of the load aggregator.
In the background of carbon emission reduction, a new energy machine which fluctuates randomly forms a main power supply, and in order to stabilize the random fluctuation of the output of the new energy machine set, a power supply side is provided with certain resources such as a conventional machine set and an energy storage machine set. And on the other hand, the load characteristics are improved by paying certain economic cost to implement the DR project and calling the load aggregator. During the demand response process, the power supply side aims to call the load aggregators to carry out peak clipping and valley filling at the lowest cost, so that the construction cost and the pollutant emission of the power generation side are reduced. And the load aggregator decides the electric quantity participating in DR by itself according to the economic compensation amount given by the power supply side, so that the self electricity utilization income is maximized. The two strategies and behaviors are mutually influenced, and a game relation exists. The change amount of the load aggregation quotient load is determined based on the compensation amount of the DR at the power supply side, and the change amount of the load can react on the compensation amount of the DR and the installed capacity of the power supply, so that the process accords with the dynamic game condition of a master-slave hierarchical structure. Therefore, the power supply side is used as a leader, the load aggregators are used as followers, and a master-slave game model of the two sides of the power supply and demand is established.
Participants, strategies, benefits and balance in the game model are essential elements. In the above game relationship, the game elements are as follows:
1) the participants take the power supply side and the load aggregation quotient as two participants to form a master-slave game relationship, wherein S is used for representing the power supply side, and L is used for representing the load aggregation quotient;
2) and (4) strategy. S, L when playing game, the power supply company has the strategy of setting up the installed capacity S of a certain unit and the matched power supply equipmentjAnd economic compensation amount C of DR projectt,dr. The strategy of the load aggregation provider side is to participate in the electric quantity x of the demand response item formulated by the power supply side in the time period tt. Influenced by construction environment and operation environment, decision variables can only be in respective strategy space RW、RB、RGCarry out the value internally, expressed as
Figure BDA0003471311570000141
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0003471311570000142
and
Figure BDA0003471311570000143
the lower upper limit of the installed capacity of the ith power supply;
Figure BDA0003471311570000144
and
Figure BDA0003471311570000145
subsidizing a lower upper limit of the amount of money for the demand response item carried out at the t-th time period;
Figure BDA0003471311570000146
and
Figure BDA0003471311570000147
the lower upper limit of the load change amount of the load aggregation quotient t.
3) Utility function: the power supply side aims at the minimum comprehensive cost, and the utility function is CSThe maximum electricity utilization yield of the load aggregation quotient is a target, and the energy efficiency function is FL。
4) And (4) equalizing. Policy-recording combination
Figure BDA0003471311570000148
The method is a balance strategy of a game model, namely when the installed capacity of various power supplies on the power supply side and the scale of implementing a demand response project are respectively
Figure BDA0003471311570000149
And
Figure BDA00034713115700001410
the participation amount of the load aggregators in the participation demand response item is
Figure BDA00034713115700001411
And the income of the participants reaches the maximum value in the sense of Nash equilibrium in the master-slave game or the maximum value of the alliance income in the cooperative game.
3.2 Power supply side planning model
The power supply side aims at the minimum comprehensive cost, and considers investment cost, operation and maintenance cost, carbon transaction and green certificate cost and demand response cost:
minCS＝Cinv+Coper+CDR+Cc,g (6)
in the formula, CinvInvestment costs for power supplies and associated power supply facilities, CoperFor operating costs, CDRCost of invocation of demand response, Cc,gThe carbon transaction and green certificate cost are respectively as follows:
1) investment cost
Figure BDA00034713115700001412
In the formula:
Figure BDA00034713115700001413
unit static investment cost for generator sets and their associated power supply facilities, djThe commissioning status of the device is a variable of 0 to 1, with 1 representing commissioning and 0 representing non-commissioning. R is the discount rate, NjThe operating life of the equipment.
2) Running cost
Figure BDA0003471311570000151
In the formula: sea is typical number of seasons, cjThe unit generating cost of the unit j is yuan/MW & h. Pi,tAnd the generated power of the unit j at the moment t.
3) Cost of demand response
The power supply side needs to pay certain economic cost to implement the DR project, and after the DR project is implemented, load requirements change, so that income is poor. The power supply side cost is increased.
Figure BDA0003471311570000152
In the formula: x is the number ofp、xvRespectively the peak clipping amount and the valley filling amount, rho, of the load aggregation quotient in the implementation process of the step-type demand response schemet0Representing the original base price at time t. L isto、Lt1Before and after the DR project is implemented, the user side needs to load.
4) New energy policy cost
Figure BDA0003471311570000154
The power supply side needs to purchase carbon emission quotas and green certificate costs from the market to meet government requirements. As shown in formulas (1) and (2).
The constraint conditions include:
1) electric power constraint
The installed capacity of all power supply units is more than the maximum load:
Figure BDA0003471311570000153
in the formula: l isy,maxThe maximum load in the planning period; ryIndicating the capacity spare factor. GCP and GEP are respectively a power plant set to be selected and all existing power plant sets.
2) Electric quantity demand constraint
The generated energy of all the units of the system is equal to the load demand at the moment;
Figure BDA0003471311570000161
in the formula: pt,loadRepresenting the load demand of the system at time t.
3) Intrinsic restriction of resources
Different from a thermal power generating unit, the construction of clean energy power plants such as wind power and photovoltaic power plants is limited by natural geographical conditions, and the installed capacity of a certain power plant of each load station does not exceed the exploitable amount of the power plant
Sjy≤Sjymax (13)
In the formula: sjyRepresents the sum of the number of units in the y year, SjymaxThe maximum loading capacity of the jth class power supply in the y year.
4) Unit output constraint
Pj,min≤Pj,t≤Pj,max (14)
In the formula: pj,maxAnd Pj,minRespectively an upper limit and a lower limit of the jth unit output.
5) Slope rate constraint
Figure BDA0003471311570000162
In the formula:
Figure BDA0003471311570000163
and
Figure BDA0003471311570000164
respectively represents the running state P of the thermal power generating unit j in the time period t and the time period t-1Gj,upAnd PGj,downThe upward climbing speed limit and the downward climbing speed limit of the thermal power generating unit j are respectively represented.
6) Minimum on-off time constraint
Figure BDA0003471311570000165
In the formula:
Figure BDA0003471311570000166
and
Figure BDA0003471311570000167
respectively obtaining the minimum continuous operation time and the minimum continuous shutdown time of the thermal power generating unit i; t isGi,t-1The thermal power generating unit i lasts for the same state (running or shutdown) before the time period t.
7) Energy storage and storage capacity constraint
Besides the limitation of charging and discharging power, the energy storage system also has the limitation of energy storage capacity and state of charge, and meanwhile, in order to meet the scheduling requirement, the energy storage system is set at the scheduling starting time t0Energy storage capacity and scheduling window end time t0The energy storage capacity of + DT is the same:
EBi,min≤EBi,t≤EBi,max (17)
Figure BDA0003471311570000171
in the formula, EBi,tThe stored electricity quantity of the stored energy i in the time period t is obtained; eBi,maxAnd EBi,minThe upper limit and the lower limit of the stored energy and stored electricity are respectively.
3.3 load aggregation quotient model
The load aggregators pursue maximization of self benefits by optimizing self output under the condition of meeting the operation constraint. The benefit is the difference between the revenue of the economic incentive obtained to participate in the demand response program and the cost of participation required to participate in the demand response program.
FL＝Fdr-Cdr (19)
The load aggregator participates in the demand response program to obtain economic benefits, and the amount of the economic benefits is related to the participation electric quantity.
Figure BDA0003471311570000172
Figure BDA0003471311570000173
In the formula: pdr,tLoad accumulation at time tThe load variation of the load aggregator can also be regarded as the virtual output of the load aggregator. Including translatable loads
Figure BDA0003471311570000174
And can reduce the load
Figure BDA0003471311570000175
tpAnd tvPeak load periods and valley load periods.
The load change cost of the load aggregator refers to the uncomfortable cost brought by the user changing the electricity utilization behavior, and is usually non-degressive and convex, and has several forms such as quadratic form, logarithmic form and the like, and the cost is expressed by the quadratic form:
Figure BDA0003471311570000176
in the formula, u and v are comfort coefficients of the user to the consumption electric energy, and are constants larger than 0.
The constraint conditions include:
1) load change amount constraint
xmin,t≤xt≤xmax,t (23)
This constraint can be analogized to the generator's upper and lower limit of output constraints. For flexible loads in the load aggregator, the amount of change in the load over a certain period of time cannot exceed the upper and lower limits of the amount of change in the power.
2) Load change ramp rate constraint
Figure BDA0003471311570000181
In the formula: x is the number oftAnd xt-1Representing the variation of the load aggregation quotient, deltax, over time period t and time period t-1, respectivelyupAnd Δ xdowmAn upward ramp speed limit and a downward ramp speed limit representing load aggregate quotient load changes, respectively.
3) Total power consumption constraint
Figure BDA0003471311570000182
In the dispatching cycle, the change of the total electricity consumption of each main body of the load aggregation businessman cannot influence the basic production and living requirements thereof
4, model solution
The demand response based power planning problem is referenced to the gaming participant energy interaction demand. The power supply configuration capacity of the power supply side is influenced by the response electric quantity of the load side, and the power supply configuration capacity influences the regulation and control capacity of the power supply side on energy balance, so that the initiative of the power supply side on price signal decision is influenced. The planning of the configured capacity should therefore be done after the demand response is completed. Therefore, the game is expanded from the existing two stages to three stages, the model solving process is shown in fig. 3, and the concrete steps are as follows:
1) inputting basic parameters, initializing decision variables Cp、Cv；
2) Setting the initial iteration number n as 1;
3) setting the initial population number m as 1;
4) the load aggregator decides the electricity consumption P participating in demand response in each time period according to the compensation amount given by the power supply side and the formulas (19) - (22)DR,t；
5) Obtaining a new load curve and a demand response cost C by a power supply sideDROn the basis, a power supply planning scheme is prepared according to the formulas (6) to (10) and the total cost is calculated;
6) judging whether the game reaches balance or not, and if not, performing variation, crossing and selection operations on the population;
7) and outputting an optimal power supply planning result when the game reaches the equilibrium.
Reference to the literature
[1] Li Hui, Liu Ling, Yao Dan Yang, development and judgment of the power system in China aiming at carbon peak-reaching carbon neutralization target [ J ] China Motor engineering report 2021,41(18): 6245-.
[2] The key scientific problem and theoretical research framework of the Kangchongqing, Yaojingzhi, high-proportion renewable energy power system [ J ] power system automation, 2017,41(09):2-11.
[3]Jonghe C D.Optimal Generation Mix With Short-Term Demand Response and Wind Penetration[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2012,27(2):830-839.
[4] Ma Chinese dragon, Cai's Xiang, Liu Ping, consider that the multi-body microgrid power supply capacity optimizes [ J ] under the demand response of price excitation electric power automation equipment, 2019,39(05):96-102
[5] Pueraria, Chencanming, Zhuyongkang, Shijing, Li Bing Jie, Huqin, Chentao, Jiangsu 'fourteen five' power supply planning (J) considering generalized demand side resources, power demand side management (2021, 23(02): 4-9).
[6] Zhulan, strict, yang xiu, et al. microgrid integrated resource planning method taking into account demand side response [ J ]. chinese electro-mechanical engineering, 2014, 34 (16): 2621-2628.
[7]D’Sa A.Integrated resource planning(IRP)and power sector reform in developing countries[J].Energy Policy，2005，33(10)：1271-1285
[8] Weekly scenic macros, humble lights, Tianjianwei, Xiaojiejz.

Claims (8)

1. A supply and demand game power planning method based on a ladder type excitation demand side response mechanism is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: considering a power supply planning scheme of a carbon transaction mechanism and a green certificate transaction mechanism;
step 2: by analyzing the calling characteristics of two major types of schedulable resources, namely transferable load and reducible load, a response scheme of a ladder type excitation demand side is provided;
and step 3: demand-side schedulable resources are aggregated into a load aggregator, revenue models of a power supply side and the load aggregator are respectively established, the master-slave game relation between the supply and demand is demonstrated, and a supply-demand game power planning model based on a ladder-type excitation demand-side response mechanism is established on the basis;
and 4, step 4: and solving a supply and demand game power supply planning model by adopting a differential evolution algorithm and a mixed integer planning method.
2. The supply and demand game power supply planning method based on the ladder type excitation demand side response mechanism is characterized in that the power supply planning scheme in the step 1 introduces a carbon transaction mechanism and a green certificate transaction mechanism, quantifies carbon emission and new energy consumption in the system operation process into economic value, and invokes the enthusiasm of each main body through price signals to guide the optimal configuration of clean energy;
in the carbon market, governments give quotas to various carbon emission sources, and when the actual carbon emission of an emission source is less than the allocated quotas, the remaining quotas can be sold for profit through carbon trading; the emission source with the over-standard quota needs to buy carbon emission quota in the market to match the carbon emission amount of the source; assuming that the allocated quota of a certain power generation group is D, the carbon profit expression in the operation of the main body is as follows:
Figure RE-FDA0003567043480000011
in the formula:
Figure RE-FDA0003567043480000012
earnings for carbon trading;
Figure RE-FDA0003567043480000013
a carbon transaction price; and E is the actual carbon emission.
The green certificate transaction is a component of a renewable energy quota system, one green certificate represents the renewable energy power generation amount of a corresponding unit, and the degree of completion of the quota system by a power grid company is represented as the number of the held certificates; if the quota of the green certificate of a certain system is N and the actual certificate holding amount is M, the system can obtain the following benefits through the renewable energy trading market:
CG,TGC＝λTGC(N-M) (2)
in the formula: cG,TGCIs green certificateBook transaction revenue; lambda [ alpha ]TGCThe trade price of unit electric quantity of green certificate.
3. The supply and demand gaming power supply planning method based on the ladder type excitation demand side response mechanism according to claim 1, wherein in the ladder type excitation demand side response scheme of step 2, the demand response item excites the user to reduce the power consumption during the peak time period and increase the power consumption during the time period of new energy consumption difficulty, and for the peak load, when the load reduction amount of the user side during the power consumption peak time period is less than the excitation lower limit, the compensation cannot be performed, and the power consumption cost is still the original power consumption cost; when the load reduction quantity is increased, the user side reaches the participation condition of peak demand response, compensation is obtained, and the electricity utilization cost is reduced; and the enjoyable compensation amount is increased along with the reduction of the power consumption in the peak period;
Figure RE-FDA0003567043480000021
in the formula: l isp0-Lp1The accumulated electricity consumption variation of the users in the electricity consumption peak period. CpDifferent subsidies are enjoyed by different variable quantities for the unit compensation price of the peak clipping electric quantity. The delta p is a reference value of the user electric quantity change quantity, and the user historical electricity utilization data is used as the reference value;
for the valley load, when the electricity consumption increase of the user side is less than the excitation lower limit in the electricity consumption valley period, the compensation cannot be carried out, and the electricity consumption cost is still the original electricity consumption cost. As the power consumption increases, the user side reaches the participation condition of the valley demand response, so that compensation is obtained, and the power consumption cost is reduced; the more electricity consumption in the valley period is, the more the enjoyed electricity consumption compensation is;
Figure RE-FDA0003567043480000022
in the formula: l isv0-Lv1The accumulated electricity consumption variation of the users in the load valley period; cvCompensating the price for the unit of the valley filling electric quantity; different variable quantities enjoy different subsidies, and Δ v is a reference value of the user electric quantity variable quantity.
4. The supply and demand gaming power planning method based on the ladder type excitation demand side response mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the step 3: aggregating schedulable resources on a load side into load aggregators, respectively establishing revenue models of a power supply side and the load aggregators, and forming a master-slave game relation by taking the power supply side and the load aggregators as two participants, wherein S is used for representing the power supply side, and L is used for representing the load aggregators; participants, strategies, benefits and balance in the game model are essential elements;
when S, L plays a game, the power supply company has the strategy of setting up the installed capacity S of a certain unit and the matched power supply equipmentjAnd economic compensation amount C of DR projectt,dr(ii) a The strategy of the load aggregation provider side is to participate in the electric quantity x of the demand response item formulated by the power supply side in the time period tt(ii) a Influenced by construction environment and operation environment, decision variables can only be in respective strategy space RW、RB、RGCarry out the value internally, expressed as
Figure RE-FDA0003567043480000031
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure RE-FDA0003567043480000032
and
Figure RE-FDA0003567043480000033
the lower upper limit of the installed capacity of the jth power supply;
Figure RE-FDA0003567043480000034
and
Figure RE-FDA0003567043480000035
carried out for the t-th periodThe lower limit of the subsidy amount of the demand response item;
Figure RE-FDA0003567043480000036
and
Figure RE-FDA0003567043480000037
the lower upper limit of the load change amount of the load aggregation quotient t.
5. The ladder-type excitation demand side response mechanism-based supply and demand game power supply planning method according to claim 4, wherein necessary and standby element earnings and balance in the game model are targeted to a power supply side with minimum comprehensive cost, and a utility function is CSThe maximum load aggregation quotient is the maximum power utilization income target, and the utility function is FL；
The power supply side aims at the minimum comprehensive cost, and considers investment cost, operation and maintenance cost, carbon transaction and green certificate cost and demand response cost:
minCS＝Cinv+Coper+CDR+Cc,g (6)
in the formula, CinvInvestment costs for power supplies and associated power supply facilities, CoperFor operating costs, CDRCost of invocation of demand response, Cc,gThe carbon transaction and green certificate cost are respectively as follows:
1) investment cost
Figure RE-FDA0003567043480000041
In the formula:
Figure RE-FDA0003567043480000042
unit static investment cost for generator sets and their associated power supply facilities, djThe commissioning status of the device is a variable of 0 to 1, with 1 representing commissioning and 0 representing non-commissioning. R is the discount rate, NjThe operating life of the equipment.
2) Running cost
Figure RE-FDA0003567043480000043
In the formula: sea is typical number of seasons, cjThe unit generating cost of the unit j is Yuan/MW & h; pj,tThe generated power of the unit j at the moment t;
3) cost of demand response
The power supply side needs to pay certain economic cost to implement the DR project, and meanwhile, after the DR project is implemented, the load requirement changes, so that income is poor; the cost of the power supply side is increased,
Figure RE-FDA0003567043480000044
in the formula: x is the number ofp、xvRespectively the peak clipping amount and the valley filling amount, rho, of the load aggregation quotient in the implementation process of the step-type demand response schemet0Representing the original reference price, L, at time tto、Lt1Before and after the DR project is implemented, the load of the user side is required;
4) new energy policy cost
Figure RE-FDA0003567043480000045
The power supply side needs to purchase carbon emission quota and green certificate cost from the market, and certain constraint conditions and government requirements shown in the formula (1) and the formula (2) are met.
6. The stepped excitation demand side response mechanism-based supply and demand gaming power supply planning method according to claim 5, wherein the condition that the supply side needs to purchase carbon emission quotas and green certificate costs from the market to meet the constraint conditions comprises:
the power constraint, the installed capacity of all power supply units must be more than the maximum amount of load:
Figure RE-FDA0003567043480000046
in the formula: l isy,maxThe maximum load in the planning period; ryRepresenting a capacity reserve factor; gCP,GEPRespectively a power plant set to be selected and all existing power plant sets;
the electric quantity demand is restricted, and the electric energy production of all the units of the system is equal to the load demand at the moment;
Figure RE-FDA0003567043480000051
in the formula: pt,loadRepresenting the load demand of the system at time t.
The resources are bound by natural geographic conditions, the construction of wind power and photovoltaic power plants is limited, the installed capacity of a certain power plant of each load station does not exceed the exploitable amount of the power plant,
Sjy≤Sjymax (13)
in the formula: sjyRepresents the sum of the number of units in the y year, SjymaxThe maximum loading capacity of the jth class power supply in the y year;
unit output constraint
Pj,min≤Pj,t≤Pj,max (14)
In the formula: pj,maxAnd Pj,minRespectively an upper limit and a lower limit of the jth unit output;
slope rate constraint
Figure RE-FDA0003567043480000052
In the formula:
Figure RE-FDA0003567043480000053
and
Figure RE-FDA0003567043480000054
respectively represents the running state P of the thermal power generating unit j in the time period t and the time period t-1Gj,upAnd PGj,downRespectively representing the upward climbing speed limit and the downward climbing speed limit of the thermal power generating unit j;
minimum on-off time constraint
Figure RE-FDA0003567043480000055
In the formula:
Figure RE-FDA0003567043480000056
and
Figure RE-FDA0003567043480000057
respectively obtaining the minimum continuous operation time and the minimum continuous shutdown time of the thermal power generating unit i; t isGi,t-1The time for the thermal power generating unit i to continue in the same running or shutdown state before the time period t;
energy storage and storage capacity constraint
Besides the limitation of charging and discharging power, the energy storage system also has the limitation of energy storage capacity and state of charge, and meanwhile, in order to meet the scheduling requirement, the energy storage system is set at the scheduling starting time t0Energy storage capacity and scheduling window end time t0The energy storage capacity of + DT is the same:
EBi,min≤EBi,t≤EBi,max (17)
Figure RE-FDA0003567043480000061
in the formula, EBi,tThe stored electricity quantity of the stored energy i in the time period t is obtained; eBi,maxAnd EBi,minThe upper limit and the lower limit of the stored energy and stored electricity are respectively.
7. The supply-and-demand game power supply planning method based on the ladder-type excitation demand side response mechanism is characterized in that in the step 3, schedulable resources on the load side are aggregated into a load aggregator, revenue models of the power supply side and the load aggregator are respectively established, and the load aggregator pursues maximization of self revenue by optimizing self output under the condition of meeting operation constraint; the benefit is the difference between the revenue of the economic incentive obtained to participate in the demand response program and the cost of participation required to participate in the demand response program, as shown in the following equation,
FL＝Fdr-Cdr (19)
the load aggregators participate in the demand response program to obtain economic benefits, the amount of which is related to the amount of participated electricity,
Figure RE-FDA0003567043480000062
Figure RE-FDA0003567043480000063
in the formula: pdr,tThe load change amount of the load aggregator at the t-th time can also be regarded as the virtual output of the load aggregator, including the translatable load
Figure RE-FDA0003567043480000064
And can reduce the load
Figure RE-FDA0003567043480000065
tpAnd tvLoad peak and valley periods;
the load change cost of the load aggregation quotient is uncomfortable cost brought by the fact that a user changes electricity utilization behaviors, is non-degressive and convex, has a quadratic form and a logarithmic form, and is expressed by a quadratic form:
Figure RE-FDA0003567043480000066
in the formula, u and v are comfort coefficients of the user to the consumption electric energy, and are constants larger than 0;
the load aggregator satisfying operational constraints includes:
1) load change amount constraint
xmin,t≤xt≤xmax,t (23)
For flexible loads in the load aggregator, the change amount of the load in a certain period of time cannot exceed the upper and lower limits of the power change amount;
2) load change ramp rate constraint
Figure RE-FDA0003567043480000071
In the formula: x is the number oftAnd xt-1Representing the variation of the load aggregation quotient, deltax, over time period t and time period t-1, respectivelyupAnd Δ xdowmAn upward climbing speed limit and a downward climbing speed limit respectively representing load changes of the load aggregation quotient;
3) total power consumption constraint
Figure RE-FDA0003567043480000072
That is, the change of the total electricity consumption of each main body of the load aggregation businessmen in the scheduling period can not influence the basic production and living requirements of the load aggregation businessmen.
8. The stepped excitation demand side response mechanism-based supply and demand gaming power planning method according to claim 1, wherein the step 4 comprises the following steps:
step 4.1: generating a power supply side excitation scheme through a differential evolution algorithm and transmitting the power supply side excitation scheme to a load aggregation quotient;
step 4.2: the load aggregator decides the change amount of the load according to the excitation scheme given by the power supply side and returns the change amount to the power supply side;
step 4.3: the power supply side obtains a new load curve, carries out power supply planning on the basis of the new load curve, and returns the result to the fitness function of the differential evolution algorithm;
step 4.4: and (4) selecting, crossing and varying the population according to the fitness function to generate a next generation new population, and skipping to the step 4.1 until the balance is achieved and the iteration of the differential evolution algorithm is exited.
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