CN114400913A - Photovoltaic inverter and photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system applying same - Google Patents

Photovoltaic inverter and photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system applying same Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114400913A
CN114400913A CN202111530104.XA CN202111530104A CN114400913A CN 114400913 A CN114400913 A CN 114400913A CN 202111530104 A CN202111530104 A CN 202111530104A CN 114400913 A CN114400913 A CN 114400913A
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China
Prior art keywords
voltage
unit
photovoltaic
input end
inverter
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CN202111530104.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
邢文超
谢胜仁
曾维波
向军
方刚
黄敏
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Goodwe Technologies Co Ltd
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Goodwe Technologies Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202111530104.XA priority Critical patent/CN114400913A/en
Publication of CN114400913A publication Critical patent/CN114400913A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/30—Electrical components
    • H02S40/32—Electrical components comprising DC/AC inverter means associated with the PV module itself, e.g. AC modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a photovoltaic inverter and a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system using the same. The photovoltaic inverter comprises an inversion unit and a PID prevention and repair unit, wherein the PID prevention and repair unit is connected with a DC bus midpoint and a grounding point at the front end of the inversion unit and is used for outputting a required positive voltage to raise the potential of the DC bus midpoint or outputting a required negative voltage to reduce the potential of the DC bus midpoint. The PID prevention and repair unit comprises a voltage generation unit and a detection and control unit, wherein the voltage generation unit generates required positive voltage or negative voltage based on a control signal, and the detection and control unit is used for detecting parameters of the input end of the inverter unit and outputting the control signal according to the parameters. The photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system comprises a photovoltaic module and the photovoltaic inverter. The invention can reduce wiring and required elements, save cost and is convenient to implement.

Description

Photovoltaic inverter and photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system applying same
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic inversion, and particularly relates to a photovoltaic inverter capable of preventing and repairing potential induced attenuation effect of a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic grid-connected inversion system using the photovoltaic inverter.
Background
When the photovoltaic inverter operates, if the voltage of the negative electrode of the P-type photovoltaic module to the ground is negative or the voltage of the positive electrode of the N-type photovoltaic module to the ground is positive, the performance of the photovoltaic module is gradually reduced, and the power generation amount is gradually reduced, which is called as a Potential Induced Degradation (PID) effect.
Taking the P-type component as an example for specific analysis: according to the basic principle of the inverter, when the photovoltaic inverter works, the potential of the neutral point on the alternating current side is the same as the potential of the midpoint BusN of the direct current bus, so that the voltage of the midpoint BusN on the direct current side to the ground is zero for a power grid with the neutral point on the alternating current side grounded. In general, the photovoltaic module is directly connected to the dc Bus of the inverter or is connected to the dc Bus of the inverter through a Boost circuit, so that the voltage of the negative electrode of the photovoltaic module to the ground is a negative half Bus voltage, which may cause a PID effect.
There are currently a number of methods for preventing or repairing the effects of PID, two examples being:
the inverter side center point of the transformer is not grounded, while the inverter ac side center point is floating during system operation. Depending on the module type, a suitable dc voltage is applied between the PV terminals and the PE. In particular, when the component is a P-type component, a +0.5Vbus voltage is applied between PV-and PE, thereby ensuring that the component PV-is at a positive voltage to ground, which can achieve PID prevention and repair of the P-type component. When the component is an N-type component, -0.5Vbus is added between PV + and PE, so that the component PV + is ensured to be negative voltage to the ground, and PID prevention and repair of the N-type component can be realized. If the inverter side of the transformer is grounded, the PID effect can only be repaired when the inverter is not running (disconnected from the transformer).
For a system with the center point of the inverter side of the transformer not grounded, appropriate direct-current voltage is added between the virtual midpoint and the PE through the virtual midpoint in the modes of resistance, inductance, capacitance and the like on the alternating-current side of the inverter, so that the potential of PV < - > is higher than that of the PE for a P-type assembly, and the potential of PV < + > is lower than that of the PE for an N-type assembly, and thus PID prevention and repair can be realized.
Although the existing solutions can solve the problem of PID effect, some solutions are high in cost, and some solutions may need to be wired outside the inverter in specific implementation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a photovoltaic inverter with PID effect prevention and repair functions, which is low in cost and convenient to implement.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the utility model provides a photovoltaic inverter is connected with photovoltaic module, and it includes the contravariant unit, still includes:
the PID prevention and repair unit is connected with a midpoint and a grounding point of the direct current bus at the front end of the inverter unit and is used for outputting a required positive voltage to raise the potential of the midpoint of the direct current bus or outputting a required negative voltage to reduce the potential of the midpoint of the direct current bus.
The PID prevention and repair unit includes:
the input end of the voltage generation unit is connected with the input end or the output end of the inversion unit, the output end of the voltage generation unit is connected with the midpoint of the direct current bus and the grounding point, and the voltage generation unit generates required positive voltage or negative voltage based on a control signal;
the input end of the detection and control unit is connected with the input end of the inversion unit, the output end of the detection and control unit is connected with the voltage generation unit, and the detection and control unit is used for detecting parameters of the input end of the inversion unit and outputting the control signal according to the parameters.
The voltage generating unit includes:
the input end of the rectification module is connected with the input end or the output end of the inversion unit;
the input end of the DC-DC voltage-adjustable direct current source is connected with the output end of the rectification module;
the input end of the voltage positive and negative polarity selection module is connected with the output end of the DC-DC adjustable voltage direct current source, and the output end of the voltage positive and negative polarity selection module is connected with the midpoint of the direct current bus and the grounding point;
the detection and control unit is respectively connected with the DC-DC voltage-adjustable direct current source and the voltage positive and negative polarity selection module.
The voltage generating unit further includes:
and the input end or the output end of the inversion unit is connected with the input end of the rectification module through the isolation transformer.
The voltage positive and negative polarity selection module comprises two bridge arms connected in parallel between output ends of the DC-DC voltage-adjustable direct current source, each bridge arm comprises two switching tubes connected in series, and the midpoint of the two bridge arms forms the output end of the voltage positive and negative polarity selection module.
When the input end of the voltage generation unit is connected with the input end of the inversion unit, the voltage generation unit takes electricity from the direct current bus or the photovoltaic module; when the input end of the voltage generation unit is connected with the output end of the inversion unit, the voltage generation unit obtains electricity from any phase or multiphase output end of the inversion unit.
The output end of the voltage generating unit is connected with the midpoint of the direct current bus and the grounding point through an output circuit.
The detection and control unit at least detects the PV + voltage to ground and the PV-voltage to ground of the photovoltaic module and the positive and negative half bus voltages of the direct current bus.
The PID prevention and repair unit further comprises a leakage current detection unit used for detecting leakage current and transmitting a detection signal to the detection and control unit, and the detection and control unit is also used for judging whether the leakage current detected by the leakage current detection unit exceeds an allowable value or not and outputting the control signal or controlling a grid-connected contactor at the rear end of the inversion unit according to the judgment.
The invention also provides a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system with PID effect prevention and repair functions, which has lower cost and convenient implementation and has the scheme that:
a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system comprises a photovoltaic module and the photovoltaic inverter.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the invention can reduce wiring and required elements, save cost and is convenient to implement.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of a voltage generating unit in the photovoltaic inverter of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to examples of embodiments shown in the drawings to which the invention is attached.
The first embodiment is as follows: as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system includes a photovoltaic module, a photovoltaic inverter connected to the photovoltaic module, and an isolation transformer connected to the photovoltaic inverter. Wherein the center point of the inverter side of the isolation transformer is not grounded, and thus the voltage of the center point of the isolation transformer to ground is floating when the system is in operation. The photovoltaic inverter at least comprises an inversion unit, the front end of the inversion unit is a direct current bus, the photovoltaic inverter further comprises a PID prevention and repair unit, the PID prevention and repair unit is connected with a direct current bus midpoint and a grounding point at the front end of the inversion unit and used for outputting a required positive voltage to raise the potential of the direct current bus midpoint or outputting a required negative voltage to reduce the potential of the direct current bus midpoint, and the PID prevention and repair unit is specifically as follows:
the PID prevention and repair unit comprises a voltage generation unit and a detection and control unit. The input end of the voltage generating unit is connected with the input end or the output end of the inversion unit, and the two output ends are respectively connected with the direct current bus midpoint BusN and the grounding point PE. The input end of the detection and control unit is connected with the input end of the inversion unit, and the output end of the detection and control unit is connected with the voltage generation unit. The voltage generating unit generates a required positive voltage or negative voltage based on the control signal, and the detecting and controlling unit is used for detecting the parameter of the input end of the inverter unit and outputting the control signal according to the parameter.
As shown in fig. 3, the voltage generating unit includes a rectifying module, a DC-DC voltage-adjustable DC source, and a voltage positive/negative polarity selecting module. The input end of the rectification module is connected with the input end or the output end of the inversion unit; the input end of the DC-DC voltage-adjustable direct current source is connected with the output end of the rectification module; the input end of the voltage positive and negative polarity selection module is connected with the output end of the DC-DC voltage-adjustable direct current source, and the output end of the voltage positive and negative polarity selection module is connected with the midpoint of the direct current bus and the grounding point. The detection and control unit is respectively connected with the DC-DC voltage-adjustable direct current source and the voltage positive and negative polarity selection module. The voltage generating unit also comprises an isolation transformer, and the input end or the output end of the inversion unit is connected with the input end of the rectification module through the isolation transformer. The voltage positive and negative polarity selection module comprises two bridge arms connected in parallel between output ends of the DC-DC voltage-adjustable direct current source, each bridge arm comprises two switching tubes which are connected in series and controlled by the detection and control unit, and the midpoint of the two bridge arms forms the output end of the voltage positive and negative polarity selection module.
For a P-type photovoltaic module, the PID prevention and repair unit can output a proper positive voltage, so that the potential of a BusN point is properly raised, and the BusN and the PV-are electrically connected through a negative half Bus capacitor, so that the raising of the potential of the BusN can raise the potential of the PV-, further the purpose that the potential of the PV-is higher than the potential of the PE is achieved, and the prevention and repair of the PID effect are achieved. For an N-type photovoltaic module, the PID prevention and repair unit can output appropriate negative voltage so as to appropriately reduce the potential of a BusN point, and the BusN and the PV + are electrically connected through a positive half Bus capacitor, so that the potential of the BusN can be reduced, the potential of the PV + can be reduced, the purpose that the potential of the PV + is lower than the potential of the PE can be realized, and the prevention and repair of the PID effect can be realized.
In the scheme, the photovoltaic inverter at least comprises one inverter unit, and may also comprise one or more DC-DC conversion units (Boost circuits) at the front end of the inverter unit, as shown in fig. 2, or may not comprise a DC-DC conversion unit, as shown in fig. 1. The PID prevention and repair unit in the scheme is suitable for a photovoltaic inverter system without a Boost booster circuit and is also suitable for a photovoltaic inverter system with a Boost booster circuit.
For the voltage generating unit, from the power input perspective, the voltage generating unit may input power from the ac side of the inverter (as shown in fig. 1 and 2) and power from the dc side of the inverter (not shown). When the input end of the voltage generating unit is connected with the input end of the inversion unit, the voltage generating unit takes electricity from a direct current Bus or a photovoltaic module, namely the electricity can be taken from Bus voltage, half Bus voltage, PV side and the like; when the input end of the voltage generating unit is connected with the output end (alternating current side) of the inverter unit, the voltage generating unit obtains power from any phase or multiphase output end of the inverter unit, namely three-phase power, two-phase power or single-phase power, line voltage power or phase voltage power. From the isolation point of view, the voltage generating unit may or may not be isolated from the power input source, and the specific isolation manner may be various. From the voltage output perspective, the output end of the voltage generating unit may be directly connected to the BusN point and the PE point, or may be connected to the midpoint of the dc bus and the ground point through the output circuit. The output circuit includes resistors, inductors, capacitors, switches (including mechanical switches and electronic switches), fuses, and the like, and the combination manner thereof is also various.
In the scheme, the detection and control unit at least detects PV + voltage to ground and PV-voltage to ground of the photovoltaic module, positive and negative half bus voltages of the direct current bus, and can also detect input quantities such as earth leakage current and the like.
The PID prevention and repair unit also comprises a leakage current protection measure, namely the PID prevention and repair unit also comprises a leakage current detection unit for detecting leakage current and transmitting a detection signal to the detection and control unit. The detection and control unit is further used for judging whether the leakage current detected by the leakage current detection unit exceeds an allowable value or not and outputting a control signal or controlling the grid-connected contactors K1-K3 at the rear end of the inversion unit according to the leakage current.
Taking the P-type component as an example, when a human body touches PV +, a leakage current path can be formed through PV +, the human body, the earth, the PE point, the PID prevention and repair unit, the BusN point, the positive half Bus capacitor and PV +, thereby endangering the personal safety, and therefore, a leakage current protection measure must be added. The specific protection scheme is diverse, and one possible protection scheme is shown in fig. 1. The leakage current detection unit is arranged on the electrical connection between the voltage generation unit and the BusN, the specific detection device and principle are various, the detected leakage current signal is input into the detection and control unit, once the leakage current is found to exceed the allowable value in the standard, the switch in the voltage generation unit is controlled to be disconnected, and if necessary, the grid-connected contactors K1, K2 and K3 can be controlled to be disconnected.
The scheme provides a grid-connected inverter system capable of preventing and repairing PID effect, and the unit for preventing and repairing PID effect is integrated in the inverter, so that external wiring of the inverter is reduced. Compared with the scheme of directly raising the potential on the PV side, under the condition of multi-path PV input, the output signal of the voltage generation unit only needs to be connected to BusN through one wire, and a plurality of wires do not need to be connected to each PV end respectively, so that the number of internal or external wiring is reduced. Compared with the scheme of the virtual neutral point on the alternating current side, the scheme has the advantages that elements required by the virtual neutral point are omitted, and therefore cost is saved.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a photovoltaic inverter is connected with photovoltaic module, and it includes the contravariant unit, its characterized in that: the inverter further includes:
the PID prevention and repair unit is connected with a midpoint and a grounding point of the direct current bus at the front end of the inverter unit and is used for outputting a required positive voltage to raise the potential of the midpoint of the direct current bus or outputting a required negative voltage to reduce the potential of the midpoint of the direct current bus.
2. The photovoltaic inverter of claim 1, wherein: the PID prevention and repair unit includes:
the input end of the voltage generation unit is connected with the input end or the output end of the inversion unit, the output end of the voltage generation unit is connected with the midpoint of the direct current bus and the grounding point, and the voltage generation unit generates required positive voltage or negative voltage based on a control signal;
the input end of the detection and control unit is connected with the input end of the inversion unit, the output end of the detection and control unit is connected with the voltage generation unit, and the detection and control unit is used for detecting parameters of the input end of the inversion unit and outputting the control signal according to the parameters.
3. The photovoltaic inverter of claim 2, wherein: the voltage generating unit includes:
the input end of the rectification module is connected with the input end or the output end of the inversion unit;
the input end of the DC-DC voltage-adjustable direct current source is connected with the output end of the rectification module;
the input end of the voltage positive and negative polarity selection module is connected with the output end of the DC-DC adjustable voltage direct current source, and the output end of the voltage positive and negative polarity selection module is connected with the midpoint of the direct current bus and the grounding point;
the detection and control unit is respectively connected with the DC-DC voltage-adjustable direct current source and the voltage positive and negative polarity selection module.
4. The photovoltaic inverter of claim 3, wherein: the voltage generating unit further includes:
and the input end or the output end of the inversion unit is connected with the input end of the rectification module through the isolation transformer.
5. The photovoltaic inverter of claim 3, wherein: the voltage positive and negative polarity selection module comprises two bridge arms connected in parallel between output ends of the DC-DC voltage-adjustable direct current source, each bridge arm comprises two switching tubes connected in series, and the midpoint of the two bridge arms forms the output end of the voltage positive and negative polarity selection module.
6. The photovoltaic inverter of claim 2, wherein: when the input end of the voltage generation unit is connected with the input end of the inversion unit, the voltage generation unit takes electricity from the direct current bus or the photovoltaic module; when the input end of the voltage generation unit is connected with the output end of the inversion unit, the voltage generation unit obtains electricity from any phase or multiphase output end of the inversion unit.
7. The photovoltaic inverter of claim 2, wherein: the output end of the voltage generating unit is connected with the midpoint of the direct current bus and the grounding point through an output circuit.
8. The photovoltaic inverter of claim 2, wherein: the detection and control unit at least detects the PV + voltage to ground and the PV-voltage to ground of the photovoltaic module and the positive and negative half bus voltages of the direct current bus.
9. The photovoltaic inverter of claim 2, wherein: the PID prevention and repair unit further comprises a leakage current detection unit used for detecting leakage current and transmitting a detection signal to the detection and control unit, and the detection and control unit is also used for judging whether the leakage current detected by the leakage current detection unit exceeds an allowable value or not and outputting the control signal or controlling a grid-connected contactor at the rear end of the inversion unit according to the judgment.
10. The utility model provides a grid-connected PV contravariant system, includes photovoltaic module, its characterized in that: the grid-connected photovoltaic inverter system further comprises a photovoltaic inverter according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
CN202111530104.XA 2021-12-15 2021-12-15 Photovoltaic inverter and photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system applying same Pending CN114400913A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2024066832A1 (en) * 2022-09-30 2024-04-04 锦浪科技股份有限公司 Pid effect suppression system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2024066832A1 (en) * 2022-09-30 2024-04-04 锦浪科技股份有限公司 Pid effect suppression system

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