CN114351047A - Iron-based alloy powder for plasma cladding, preparation method thereof and plasma cladding method - Google Patents

Iron-based alloy powder for plasma cladding, preparation method thereof and plasma cladding method Download PDF

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CN114351047A
CN114351047A CN202111562279.9A CN202111562279A CN114351047A CN 114351047 A CN114351047 A CN 114351047A CN 202111562279 A CN202111562279 A CN 202111562279A CN 114351047 A CN114351047 A CN 114351047A
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iron
based alloy
alloy powder
plasma cladding
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CN114351047B (en
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陈俊孚
李丽坤
彭翰林
李小明
吴耀燊
韩善果
任香会
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Guangdong Zhongfu New Material Technology Co ltd
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China Uzbekistan Welding Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Sciences
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material
    • C23C4/08—Metallic material containing only metal elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/134—Plasma spraying

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Abstract

The invention discloses iron-based alloy powder for plasma cladding, a preparation method and a plasma cladding method. The iron-based alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: less than or equal to 0.03 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of S, Mo: 25-35%, Ni: 6-9%, B: 5-6%, Ti: 0.9-1.1%, Al: 0.05-0.10% of iron, and the balance of iron, wherein the hard phase is boride. According to the invention, Mo, Ni and B in a proper proportion are added into the iron-based alloy powder, and the formed boride hard phase can keep the hardness at a high temperature of above 700 ℃, so that the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the material after the iron-based alloy powder is subjected to plasma cladding are improved through the synergistic effect and the effect balance of the newly added elements.

Description

Iron-based alloy powder for plasma cladding, preparation method thereof and plasma cladding method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical metallurgy, and particularly relates to iron-based alloy powder for plasma cladding, a preparation method of the iron-based alloy powder and a plasma cladding method.
Background
At present, about 70 percent of equipment damage is caused by various forms of abrasion, and the abrasion not only causes great economic loss, but also brings about important safety accidents. The abrasion of workpieces under high-temperature and high-impact load conditions in the industries of metallurgy, petrifaction, nuclear power, thermal power and the like is more difficult. At present, cobalt-based, nickel-based and iron-based wear-resistant materials are mainly used for repairing high-temperature wear-resistant workpieces, wherein cobalt and nickel are limited by low reserves in nature, high in mining and smelting difficulty, influenced by strong demands of the new energy battery industry, expensive in price and not suitable for repairing large-size and complex-shaped wear-resistant workpieces at low cost. Iron-based wear-resistant materials are inexpensive and commonly used materials such as WC and ZrO2Toughened Al2O3，Al2O3、SiC、VC、Cr3O2、ZrO2And TiC and the like to form a carbide hard phase, so that the wear resistance of the iron-based composite material is enhanced. But when the temperature exceeds 600 ℃, the other carbonized hard phases except WC can be softened; exceedWC also has a partial softening effect at 700 ℃. In summary, the carbonized hard phase composite iron-based wear-resistant material cannot be applied to a high impact load environment of above 700 ℃, and an iron-based composite wear-resistant material with a use range of above 700 ℃ is lacking in the market, so that researches on a composite material capable of keeping stability in a high impact load environment of above 700 ℃ and a high-temperature wear mechanism thereof are urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the iron-based alloy powder for plasma cladding, the preparation method and the plasma cladding method aiming at the defects of the prior art. The cladding layer formed by plasma cladding of the iron-based alloy powder has good crack resistance, high hardness and good wear resistance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the iron-based alloy powder for plasma cladding comprises the following components in percentage by weight: less than or equal to 0.03 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of S, Mo: 25-35%, Ni: 6-9%, B: 5-6%, Ti: 0.9-1.1%, Al: 0.05-0.10% of iron, and the balance of iron, wherein the hard phase is boride.
According to the invention, Mo, Ni, Ti and B are added into the iron-based alloy powder in a proper proportion, and the formed boride hard phase can keep the hardness at high temperature, even above 700 ℃, so that the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the material after cladding of the iron-based alloy powder are improved through the synergistic effect and the effect balance of the newly added elements, and the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the material after cladding of the iron-based alloy powder prepared by the elements in the limited range are optimal.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for preparing the iron-based alloy powder for plasma cladding includes the steps of:
(1) mixing low-carbon ferronickel, ferromolybdenum, ferrotitanium, ferroboron, pure aluminum particles and industrial pure iron, putting the mixture into a container, and smelting in a vacuum environment to obtain molten steel;
(2) and preserving the heat of the molten steel, and atomizing the molten steel into powder to obtain the iron-based alloy powder for plasma cladding.
In the step (1), the low-carbon ferronickel, ferromolybdenum, ferrotitanium, ferroboron, pure aluminum particles and industrial pure iron in the container are a mixture of pure aluminum particles, ferrotitanium, ferroboron, ferromolybdenum and low-carbon ferronickel in sequence from bottom to top.
In order to reduce the risk of oxidation of the raw materials, the aluminum which is most easily oxidized is placed on the lowest layer according to the oxidation difficulty degree of the metal, so that the yield of the aluminum is ensured; the ferromolybdenum and the ferronickel are not easy to be oxidized and placed on the uppermost layer, so that the yield of alloy components is ensured. Therefore, the adding sequence of the raw materials can reduce the risk of oxidation of the raw materials, improve the purity of the materials and ensure the hardness and the wear resistance of the iron-based alloy powder.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step (1), the smelting is performed by a gradient temperature raising method, specifically:
heating to 600 deg.C for 10min after 30min, and heating to 1200 deg.C for 5min after 20 min; then the temperature is increased to 1650 ℃ after 25 min; continuously heating to the melting point of more than 200 ℃.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the vacuum degree of the vacuum environment is 15 to 25 Pa.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step (2), the temperature for heat preservation is 1800-1900 ℃ and the time is within 5 min.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step (2), the pressure of atomization is 3-4 MPa; the particle size of the powder is 200-300 meshes.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plasma cladding method based on the iron-based alloy powder includes the steps of:
s1: drying the iron-based alloy powder;
s2: coating the dried iron-based alloy powder with plasma to form a plasma coating layer on the workpiece;
s3: and (3) carrying out heat preservation on the clad workpiece at the temperature of 450-550 ℃ for 0.5-1.5 hours for annealing.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step S1, the drying temperature is 150 ℃ to 200 ℃, and the drying time is 3 hours or more.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S2, the specific process parameters of plasma cladding are: the moving speed is 1.5-2.5mm/S, the ion gas is 1.0-2.0L/min, the powder feeding gas is 2-4L/min, the protective gas flow is 15-25L/min, and the current is 115-125A.
The ion gas, the powder feeding gas and the protective gas are all argon.
In S2, a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plasma cladding is performed using a plasma transferred arc surfacing machine.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the invention, Mo, Ni, Ti and B are added into the iron-based alloy powder in a proper proportion, and the formed boride hard phase can keep the hardness at high temperature, even above 700 ℃, so that the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the material after cladding of the iron-based alloy powder are improved through the synergistic effect and the effect balance of the newly added elements. Meanwhile, the iron-based alloy powder obtained by the method of melting and vacuum atomization is adopted, the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the material are improved after plasma cladding, and the cracking phenomenon is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic microstructure of the surface of a workpiece after plasma cladding of the iron-based alloy powder described in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic microstructure of the surface of a workpiece after plasma cladding of the iron-based alloy powder described in example 2;
FIG. 3 is a metallographic microstructure of the surface of a workpiece after plasma cladding of the iron-based alloy powder described in example 3.
Detailed Description
To better illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The preparation method of the iron-based alloy powder comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing 50kg of low-carbon ferronickel, ferromolybdenum, ferrotitanium, ferroboron, pure aluminum particles and industrial pure iron according to a certain proportion, putting the mixture into a furnace body of an induction melting furnace of vacuum gas atomization equipment, wherein the raw materials are sequentially pure aluminum particles at the lowest part, ferrotitanium is sequentially arranged at the second part, and ferroboron, ferromolybdenum and low-carbon ferronickel are distributed at the top end; the low-carbon ferronickel, ferromolybdenum, ferrotitanium, ferroboron, pure aluminum particles and industrial pure iron are added, so that the iron-based alloy powder contains the following components in percentage by mass: less than or equal to 0.03 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of S, Mo: 25-35%, Ni: 6-9%, B: 5-6%, Ti: 0.9-1.1%, Al: 0.05-0.10% and the balance of iron.
(2) Opening a vacuum induction melting control device of vacuum atomization equipment, and vacuumizing until the vacuum degree is 20 Pa; heating and smelting, wherein the smelting curve is 0-30 min, and the temperature is increased to 600 ℃; keeping the temperature of 600 ℃ for 30-40 min; raising the temperature to 1200 ℃ for 40-60 min; keeping the temperature of 1200 ℃ for 60-65 min; the temperature is increased to 1650 ℃ for 65-90 min; then continuously heating to the superheat degree of more than 200 ℃ to obtain molten steel;
(3) pouring molten steel into a heat-preservation tundish, wherein the temperature of the heat-preservation tundish is controlled to be 1800 ℃; the heat preservation time of the molten steel in the tundish is 5 minutes;
(4) and adjusting the pressure of the atomizing nozzle, starting an atomizing powder-making device, allowing molten steel in the heat-insulating tundish to flow out under the action of the pressure, and preparing iron-based alloy powder with the granularity of 200-300 meshes under the action of the pressure of the atomizing nozzle of 3.5 MPa.
The plasma cladding method for the iron-based alloy powder comprises the following steps:
s1: drying the iron-based alloy powder at 150 ℃ for 3 hours;
s2: carrying out plasma cladding on the dried iron-based alloy powder on a workpiece by using a plasma transferred arc surfacing machine, wherein in the cladding process, the moving speed is 2.0mm/S, the ion gas is 1.5L/min, the powder feeding gas is 3L/min, the protective gas flow is 20L/min, and the current is 120A;
s3: and (4) keeping the temperature of the clad workpiece at 450 ℃ for 1 hour for annealing.
The ion gas, the powder feeding gas and the protective gas are all argon.
The hardness of the surface of the workpiece after cladding in this embodiment is 50(HRC), and as can be seen from the metallographic microstructure of the material shown in fig. 1, no cracking occurs and the grain size of the material is uniform.
Example 2
The preparation method of the iron-based alloy powder comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing 45kg of low-carbon ferronickel, ferromolybdenum, ferrotitanium, ferroboron, pure aluminum particles and industrial pure iron according to a certain proportion, putting the mixture into a furnace body of an induction melting furnace of vacuum gas atomization equipment, wherein the raw materials are sequentially pure aluminum particles at the lowest part, ferrotitanium is sequentially arranged at the second part, and ferroboron, ferromolybdenum and low-carbon ferronickel are distributed at the top end; the low-carbon ferronickel, ferromolybdenum, ferrotitanium, ferroboron, pure aluminum particles and industrial pure iron are added, so that the iron-based alloy powder contains the following components in percentage by mass: less than or equal to 0.03 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of S, Mo: 25-35%, Ni: 6-9%, B: 5-6%, Ti: 0.9-1.1%, Al: 0.05-0.10% and the balance of iron.
(2) Opening a vacuum induction melting control device of vacuum atomization equipment, and vacuumizing until the vacuum degree is 20 Pa; heating and smelting, wherein the smelting curve is 0-30 min, and the temperature is increased to 600 ℃; keeping the temperature of 600 ℃ for 30-40 min; raising the temperature to 1200 ℃ for 40-60 min; keeping the temperature of 1200 ℃ for 60-65 min; the temperature is increased to 1650 ℃ for 65-90 min; then continuously heating to the superheat degree of more than 200 ℃ to obtain molten steel;
(3) pouring molten steel into a heat-preservation tundish, wherein the temperature of the heat-preservation tundish is controlled to be 1900 ℃; the heat preservation time of the molten steel in the tundish is 2 minutes;
(4) and adjusting the pressure of the atomizing nozzle, starting an atomizing powder-making device, allowing molten steel in the heat-insulating tundish to flow out under the action of the pressure, and preparing iron-based alloy powder with the granularity of 200-300 meshes under the action of the pressure of the atomizing nozzle of 3.5 MPa.
The plasma cladding method for the iron-based alloy powder comprises the following steps:
s1: drying the iron-based alloy powder at 160 ℃ for 3 hours;
s2: carrying out plasma cladding on the dried iron-based alloy powder on a workpiece by using a plasma transferred arc surfacing machine, wherein in the cladding process, the moving speed is 2.0mm/S, the ion gas is 1.5L/min, the powder feeding gas is 3L/min, the protective gas flow is 20L/min, and the current is 120A;
s3: and (3) keeping the temperature of the clad workpiece at 500 ℃ for 1 hour for annealing.
The ion gas, the powder feeding gas and the protective gas are all argon.
The hardness of the surface of the workpiece after cladding in this embodiment is 50(HRC), and as can be seen from the metallographic microstructure of the material shown in fig. 2, no cracking occurs and the grain size of the material is uniform.
Example 3
The preparation method of the iron-based alloy powder comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing 55kg of low-carbon ferronickel, ferromolybdenum, ferrotitanium, ferroboron, pure aluminum particles and industrial pure iron according to a certain proportion, putting the mixture into a furnace body of an induction melting furnace of vacuum gas atomization equipment, wherein the raw materials are sequentially pure aluminum particles at the lowest part, ferrotitanium is sequentially arranged at the second part, and ferroboron, ferromolybdenum and low-carbon ferronickel are distributed at the top end; the low-carbon ferronickel, ferromolybdenum, ferrotitanium, ferroboron, pure aluminum particles and industrial pure iron are added, so that the iron-based alloy powder contains the following components in percentage by mass: less than or equal to 0.03 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of S, Mo: 25-35%, Ni: 6-9%, B: 5-6%, Ti: 0.9-1.1%, Al: 0.05-0.10% and the balance of iron.
(2) Opening a vacuum induction melting control device of vacuum atomization equipment, and vacuumizing until the vacuum degree is 20 Pa; heating and smelting, wherein the smelting curve is 0-30 min, and the temperature is increased to 600 ℃; keeping the temperature of 600 ℃ for 30-40 min; raising the temperature to 1200 ℃ for 40-60 min; keeping the temperature of 1200 ℃ for 60-65 min; the temperature is increased to 1650 ℃ for 65-90 min; then continuously heating to the superheat degree of more than 200 ℃ to obtain molten steel;
(3) pouring molten steel into a heat-preservation tundish, wherein the temperature of the heat-preservation tundish is controlled to be 1850 ℃; the heat preservation time of the molten steel in the tundish is 3 minutes;
(4) and adjusting the pressure of the atomizing nozzle, starting an atomizing powder-making device, allowing molten steel in the heat-insulating tundish to flow out under the action of the pressure, and preparing iron-based alloy powder with the granularity of 200-300 meshes under the action of the pressure of the atomizing nozzle of 3.5 MPa.
The plasma cladding method for the iron-based alloy powder comprises the following steps:
s1: drying the iron-based alloy powder at 180 ℃ for 3 hours;
s2: carrying out plasma cladding on the dried iron-based alloy powder on a workpiece by using a plasma transfer arc surfacing machine of Castolin Eurectic, wherein in the cladding process, the moving speed is 2.0mm/S, the ion gas is 1.5L/min, the powder feeding gas is 3L/min, the protective gas flow is 20L/min, and the current is 120A;
s3: and (4) keeping the temperature of the clad workpiece at 550 ℃ for 1 hour for annealing.
The ion gas, the powder feeding gas and the protective gas are all argon.
The hardness of the surface of the workpiece after cladding in this embodiment is 50(HRC), and as can be seen from the metallographic microstructure of the material shown in fig. 3, no cracking occurs and the grain size of the material is uniform.
Comparative example 1
The method for preparing the iron-based alloy powder according to the comparative example includes the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing 50kg of low-carbon ferronickel, ferromolybdenum, ferrotitanium, ferroboron, pure aluminum particles and industrial pure iron according to a certain proportion, and putting the mixture into a furnace body of an induction melting furnace of vacuum gas atomization equipment, wherein the low-carbon ferronickel, ferromolybdenum, ferrotitanium, ferroboron, pure aluminum particles and industrial pure iron are added to ensure that the iron-based alloy powder contains the following components in percentage by mass: less than or equal to 0.03 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of S, Mo: 25-35%, Ni: 6-9%, B: 5-6%, Ti: 0.9-1.1%, Al: 0.05-0.10% of iron, and the balance of iron;
(2) opening a vacuum induction melting control device of vacuum atomization equipment, and vacuumizing until the vacuum degree is 20 Pa; heating and smelting, wherein the smelting curve is 0-30 min, and the temperature is increased to 600 ℃; keeping the temperature of 600 ℃ for 30-40 min; raising the temperature to 1200 ℃ for 40-60 min; keeping the temperature of 1200 ℃ for 60-65 min; the temperature is increased to 1650 ℃ for 65-90 min; then continuously heating to the superheat degree of more than 200 ℃ to obtain molten steel;
(3) pouring molten steel into a heat-preservation tundish, wherein the temperature of the heat-preservation tundish is controlled to be 1800 ℃; the heat preservation time of the molten steel in the tundish is 5 minutes;
(4) and adjusting the pressure of the atomizing nozzle, starting an atomizing powder-making device, allowing molten steel in the heat-insulating tundish to flow out under the action of the pressure, and preparing iron-based alloy powder with the granularity of 200-300 meshes under the action of the pressure of the atomizing nozzle of 3.5 MPa.
The plasma cladding method of the iron-based alloy powder of the comparative example comprises the following steps:
s1: drying the iron-based alloy powder at 150 ℃ for 3 hours;
s2: carrying out plasma cladding on the dried iron-based alloy powder on a workpiece by using a plasma transferred arc surfacing machine, wherein in the cladding process, the moving speed is 2.0mm/S, the ion gas is 1.5L/min, the powder feeding gas is 3L/min, the protective gas flow is 20L/min, and the current is 120A;
s3: and (4) keeping the temperature of the clad workpiece at 450 ℃ for 1 hour for annealing.
The ion gas, the powder feeding gas and the protective gas are all argon.
The hardness of the surface of the workpiece after cladding according to the comparative example is 48(HRC), and the local cracking phenomenon occurs.
Comparative example 2
The method for preparing the iron-based alloy powder according to the comparative example includes the following steps:
(1) mixing 50kg of low-carbon ferronickel, ferromolybdenum, ferrotitanium, ferroboron, pure aluminum particles and industrial pure iron according to a certain proportion, putting the mixture into a furnace body of an induction melting furnace of vacuum gas atomization equipment, wherein the raw materials are sequentially pure aluminum particles at the lowest part, ferrotitanium is sequentially arranged at the second part, and ferroboron, ferromolybdenum and low-carbon ferronickel are distributed at the top end; the low-carbon ferronickel, ferromolybdenum, ferrotitanium, ferroboron, pure aluminum particles and industrial pure iron are added, so that the iron-based alloy powder contains the following components in percentage by mass: less than or equal to 0.03 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of S, Mo: 25-35%, Ni: 6-9%, B: 5-6%, Ti: 0.9-1.1%, Al: 0.05-0.10% and the balance of iron.
(2) Opening a vacuum induction melting control device of vacuum atomization equipment, and vacuumizing until the vacuum degree is 20 Pa; heating and smelting, wherein the smelting curve is 0-30 min, and the temperature is increased to 600 ℃; keeping the temperature of 600 ℃ for 30-40 min; raising the temperature to 1200 ℃ for 40-60 min; keeping the temperature of 1200 ℃ for 60-65 min; the temperature is increased to 1650 ℃ for 65-90 min; then continuously heating to the superheat degree of more than 200 ℃ to obtain molten steel;
(3) pouring molten steel into a heat-preservation tundish, wherein the temperature of the heat-preservation tundish is controlled to be 1800 ℃; the heat preservation time of the molten steel in the tundish is 5 minutes;
(4) and adjusting the pressure of the atomizing nozzle, starting an atomizing powder-making device, allowing molten steel in the heat-insulating tundish to flow out under the action of the pressure, and preparing iron-based alloy powder with the granularity of 200-300 meshes under the action of the pressure of the atomizing nozzle of 3.5 MPa.
The plasma cladding method of the iron-based alloy powder of the comparative example comprises the following steps:
s1: drying the iron-based alloy powder at 150 ℃ for 3 hours;
s2: and (3) carrying out plasma cladding on the dried iron-based alloy powder on a workpiece by using a plasma transferred arc surfacing machine, wherein in the cladding process, the moving speed is 2.0mm/S, the ionic gas is 1.5L/min, the powder feeding gas is 3L/min, the protective gas flow is 20L/min, and the current is 120A.
The ion gas, the powder feeding gas and the protective gas are all argon.
The hardness of the workpiece surface after cladding in the comparative example is 50(HRC), and large-area cracking occurs.
Comparative example 3
The method for preparing the iron-based alloy powder according to the comparative example includes the following steps:
(1) mixing 50kg of ferromolybdenum, ferrotitanium, pure aluminum particle ferroboron and industrial pure iron according to a certain proportion, putting the mixture into a furnace body of an induction melting furnace of vacuum gas atomization equipment, wherein the raw materials are sequentially pure aluminum particle bottommost, and ferrotitanium secondly, and the ferroboron, the ferromolybdenum and low-carbon ferronickel are distributed at the top end; the low-carbon ferronickel, ferromolybdenum, ferrotitanium, ferroboron, pure aluminum particles and industrial pure iron are added, so that the iron-based alloy powder contains the following components in percentage by mass: less than or equal to 0.03 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of S, Mo: 25-35%, B: 5-6%, Ti: 0.9-1.1%, Al: 0.05-0.10% and the balance of iron.
(2) Opening a vacuum induction melting control device of vacuum atomization equipment, and vacuumizing until the vacuum degree is 20 Pa; heating and smelting, wherein the smelting curve is 0-30 min, and the temperature is increased to 600 ℃; keeping the temperature of 600 ℃ for 30-40 min; raising the temperature to 1200 ℃ for 40-60 min; keeping the temperature of 1200 ℃ for 60-65 min; the temperature is increased to 1650 ℃ for 65-90 min; then continuously heating to the superheat degree of more than 200 ℃ to obtain molten steel;
(3) pouring molten steel into a heat-preservation tundish, wherein the temperature of the heat-preservation tundish is controlled to be 1800 ℃; the heat preservation time of the molten steel in the tundish is 5 minutes;
(4) and adjusting the pressure of the atomizing nozzle, starting an atomizing powder-making device, allowing molten steel in the heat-insulating tundish to flow out under the action of the pressure, and preparing iron-based alloy powder with the granularity of 200-300 meshes under the action of the pressure of the atomizing nozzle of 3.5 MPa.
The plasma cladding method of the iron-based alloy powder of the comparative example comprises the following steps:
s1: drying the iron-based alloy powder at 150 ℃ for 3 hours;
s2: carrying out plasma cladding on the dried iron-based alloy powder on a workpiece by using a plasma transferred arc surfacing machine, wherein in the cladding process, the moving speed is 2.0mm/S, the ion gas is 1.5L/min, the powder feeding gas is 3L/min, the protective gas flow is 20L/min, and the current is 120A;
s3: and (4) keeping the temperature of the clad workpiece at 450 ℃ for 1 hour for annealing.
The ion gas, the powder feeding gas and the protective gas are all argon.
The hardness of the surface of the workpiece after cladding in the comparative example is 32(HRC), and the local cracking phenomenon exists.
Comparative example 4
The method for preparing the iron-based alloy powder according to the comparative example includes the following steps:
(1) mixing 50kg of low-carbon ferronickel, ferromolybdenum, ferrotitanium, ferroboron, pure aluminum particles and industrial pure iron according to a certain proportion, putting the mixture into a furnace body of an induction melting furnace of vacuum gas atomization equipment, wherein the raw materials are sequentially pure aluminum particles at the lowest part, ferrotitanium is sequentially arranged at the second part, and ferroboron, ferromolybdenum and low-carbon ferronickel are distributed at the top end; the low-carbon ferronickel, ferromolybdenum, ferrotitanium, ferroboron, pure aluminum particles and industrial pure iron are added, so that the iron-based alloy powder contains the following components in percentage by mass: less than or equal to 0.03 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of S, Mo: 38-45%, Ni: 3-5%, B: 5-6%, Ti: 0.9-1.1%, Al: 0.05-0.10% and the balance of iron.
(2) Opening a vacuum induction melting control device of vacuum atomization equipment, and vacuumizing until the vacuum degree is 20 Pa; heating and smelting, wherein the smelting curve is 0-30 min, and the temperature is increased to 600 ℃; keeping the temperature of 600 ℃ for 30-40 min; raising the temperature to 1200 ℃ for 40-60 min; keeping the temperature of 1200 ℃ for 60-65 min; the temperature is increased to 1650 ℃ for 65-90 min; then continuously heating to the superheat degree of more than 200 ℃ to obtain molten steel;
(3) pouring molten steel into a heat-preservation tundish, wherein the temperature of the heat-preservation tundish is controlled to be 1800 ℃; the heat preservation time of the molten steel in the tundish is 5 minutes;
(4) and adjusting the pressure of the atomizing nozzle, starting an atomizing powder-making device, allowing molten steel in the heat-insulating tundish to flow out under the action of the pressure, and preparing iron-based alloy powder with the granularity of 200-300 meshes under the action of the pressure of the atomizing nozzle of 3.5 MPa.
The plasma cladding method of the iron-based alloy powder of the comparative example comprises the following steps:
s1: drying the iron-based alloy powder at 150 ℃ for 3 hours;
s2: carrying out plasma cladding on the dried iron-based alloy powder on a workpiece by using a plasma transferred arc surfacing machine, wherein in the cladding process, the moving speed is 2.0mm/S, the ion gas is 1.5L/min, the powder feeding gas is 3L/min, the protective gas flow is 20L/min, and the current is 120A;
s3: and (4) keeping the temperature of the clad workpiece at 450 ℃ for 1 hour for annealing.
The ion gas, the powder feeding gas and the protective gas are all argon.
The hardness of the surface of the workpiece after cladding in the comparative example is 35(HRC), and the workpiece cracks in a large area.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the true spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The iron-based alloy powder for plasma cladding is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: less than or equal to 0.03 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of S, Mo: 25-35%, Ni: 6-9%, B: 5-6%, Ti: 0.9-1.1%, Al: 0.05-0.10% of iron, and the balance of iron, wherein the hard phase is boride.
2. The method for preparing an iron-based alloy powder for plasma cladding according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) mixing low-carbon ferronickel, ferromolybdenum, ferrotitanium, ferroboron, pure aluminum particles and industrial pure iron, putting the mixture into a container, and smelting in a vacuum environment to obtain molten steel;
(2) and preserving the heat of the molten steel, and atomizing the molten steel into powder to obtain the iron-based alloy powder for plasma cladding.
3. The method of manufacturing an iron-based alloy powder for plasma cladding according to claim 2, wherein in the step (1), the low-carbon ferronickel, ferromolybdenum, ferrotitanium, ferroboron, pure aluminum grains, and industrially pure iron are, in order from bottom to top, a mixture of pure aluminum grains, ferrotitanium, ferroboron, ferromolybdenum, and low-carbon ferronickel.
4. The method for preparing an iron-based alloy powder for plasma cladding according to claim 2, wherein in the step (1), the melting is performed by a gradient temperature rise method, and the gradient temperature rise method specifically comprises:
heating to 600 deg.C for 10min after 30min, and heating to 1200 deg.C for 5min after 20 min; then the temperature is increased to 1650 ℃ after 25 min; continuously heating to the melting point of more than 200 ℃.
5. The method of producing an iron-based alloy powder for plasma cladding according to claim 2, wherein in the step (1), the degree of vacuum of the vacuum atmosphere is 15 to 25 Pa.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the step (2) comprises holding the iron-based alloy powder at 1800-1900 ℃ for 5min or less.
7. The method for producing an iron-based alloy powder for plasma cladding according to claim 2, wherein in the step (2), the pressure of atomization is 3 to 4 MPa; the particle size of the powder is 200-300 meshes.
8. A plasma cladding method based on the iron-based alloy powder of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1: drying the iron-based alloy powder;
s2: coating the dried iron-based alloy powder with plasma to form a plasma coating layer on the workpiece;
s3: and (3) carrying out heat preservation on the clad workpiece at the temperature of 450-550 ℃ for 0.5-1.5 hours for annealing.
9. The plasma cladding method of iron-based alloy powder according to claim 8, wherein the drying temperature in S1 is 150-200 ℃ and the drying time is 3 hours or more.
10. The plasma cladding method for the iron-based alloy powder according to claim 8, wherein in the step S2, the specific process parameters of the plasma cladding are as follows: the moving speed is 1.5-2.5mm/S, the ion gas is 1.0-2.0L/min, the powder feeding gas is 2-4L/min, the protective gas flow is 15-25L/min, and the current is 115-125A.
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