CN114339263A - Lossless processing method for video data - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lossless processing method for video data, which comprises dividing each frame of video data of a non-compressed ultrahigh-definition video signal into multiple pixel data, then converting the pixel data into data in a YCoCg format, then carrying out pixel reconstruction, carrying out variable-length entropy coding on the reconstructed pixels, then carrying out ratio cache, and reading the ratio cache data to obtain a complete lossless compression coding bit data stream. The invention has controllable code rate, low design cost, low lossless rate and maximum compression ratio of 4:1, ensures that the original error rate of data recovery is greatly reduced, and ensures that a lossless compression algorithm is correctly implemented.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of video data processing methods, in particular to a lossless processing method for video data.
Background
With the development of science and technology, especially the application of ultra-high-definition technology in the field of audio and video, the requirements of people on definition, stability and bandwidth of television programs are higher and higher, and under the background, ultra-high-definition programs are more and more accepted by people, people hope to see clearer and smoother audio and video contents with image quality closer to nature. At present, the audio and video contents in China and abroad are more and more ultra-high-definition audio and video products, so that higher requirements on the transmission bandwidth and the processing capacity of the ultra-high-definition audio and video are met. And for the audio and video mainly with 4K ultra-high definition, the speed reaches 18 Gbps. Such high transmission rates place a great deal of pressure on the processing power of the chip, bandwidth requirements, power consumption, etc. In the transmission and processing of ultra-high-definition audio and video, such a high transmission rate not only requires a higher process node and a higher cost in the development process of a chip, but also requires a higher-performance transmission device, such as a gigabit switch, in the transmission. How to solve the problem becomes an important technical problem restricting the development of ultra-high definition audio and video and becomes a technical bottleneck.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a lossless processing method for video data, and the lossless processing method is used for solving the problem of high difficulty in processing ultra-high definition video data in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method of lossless processing of video data, comprising the steps of:
during compression coding, independent syntax units are respectively built for Y, Co and Cg of each YCoCg format pixel data, each syntax unit respectively comprises a quantization redundancy value based on prediction reconstruction and an index of a color history lookup table, the maximum bit number of the current data is determined through a ratio control algorithm based on the quantization redundancy value, and the size of the current data is determined through a prediction QP value; judging the bit number of the compressed encoding data obtained when the prediction factor and the color history lookup table are used for encoding, and performing compressed encoding by using one of the prediction factor and the color history lookup table with a small bit number to reconstruct pixels;
and 5, combining the sub data streams obtained in the step 4 to further obtain a lossless compression coding bit data stream corresponding to the non-compression ultrahigh-definition video signal.
Further, in step 2, based on the clock frequency of each frame of video data and the clock frequency and processing rate during the subsequent entropy coding, and according to the compression ratio relationship of the subsequent entropy coding, determining the specific number of parts, and dividing each frame of video data into a plurality of sub-pictures with the same size.
Further, when performing pixel reconstruction based on the prediction factor in step 4, the current reconstructed pixel data is used as prediction reference data when reconstructing subsequent pixel data.
Further, in step 4, when reconstructing a pixel based on the index of the color history lookup table, if the color history lookup index is used to reconstruct the current pixel, the corresponding color history index is used as the reconstructed pixel data of the current line, and the color history color index needs to be updated again after the current group is processed.
Further, in step 5, the sub-data streams obtained in step 4 are combined according to the dividing mode of each sub-picture of each frame of video data, the dividing mode of each row of pixels in each sub-picture, and the sequence of each frame of video data, so as to obtain the lossless compression-encoded bit data stream corresponding to the non-compressed ultra-high definition video signal.
Furthermore, the method also comprises a decoding process of the lossless compression coding bit data stream obtained in the step 5, wherein the decoding process is the reverse process of the compression coding process of the step 1 to the step 5.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the traditional codec is based on the technology of MPEG2, MPEG4, H264, H265, etc., and performs codec in the color gamut space of YCbCr, which belongs to a compression principle between images, frames and fields, and performs lossy codec, on the basis of ensuring the basic pixels of images, many details of images are lost, and the compression ratio is very high, generally more than 10 times.
The application of the invention is based on the Huffman principle, VLC (variable length coding) is used as a coding mode, and the lossless compression is realized in the color gamut space of YCoCg by combining the intra-frame and intra-image prediction and statistics. The compression ratio is not high.
The lossless compression algorithm adopted by the invention has controllable code rate, low design cost and low lossless rate. The whole framework can process the number of pixels each time according to the input clock rate, and adopts different sub-picture numbers to carry out compression, and the adopted entropy coding and reconstruction technology ensures that the original error rate of data recovery is greatly reduced, and ensures that a lossless compression algorithm is correctly implemented.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the data processing of the lossless compression coding processing unit in the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the data processing of the lossless compression/decoding processing unit according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of data processing of a data prediction reconstruction unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of data processing of an entropy coding unit in the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a manner in which an entropy coding unit selects reconstructed pixels according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an ultra high definition HDMI2.0 seamless switch according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an audio/video input unit of the ultra-high definition HDMI2.0 seamless switch according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an audio/video output unit of the ultra-high definition HDMI2.0 seamless switch according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the DDR3 and NIC data bus units of the HDMI2.0 seamless switch according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
The invention relates to a lossless processing method for video data, which can be realized by a processor of a computer system running a program in a memory, wherein the program in the memory can be divided into a lossless compression coding processing unit and a lossless compression decoding processing unit.
The non-compressed ultra-high definition video signal output from the video source is sent to the lossless compression processing unit in a raster scanning sequence in real time, the processing unit forms a bit data stream through the lossless compression technology, the bit data stream is temporarily stored in a ratio buffer, the compressed data bit stream is sent to the lossless compression decoding processing unit in real time through local area network communication modes such as an HDMI line, an MIPI line, a DP line and the like by controlling the ratio, the lossless compression decoding processing unit stores the received lossless compression coding bit data stream in the temporary ratio buffer, then the bit data stream is decompressed through the lossless compression technology, the video output with the same format as the input format is output, and then the video output is sent to the display terminal, so that the purpose of video transmission is achieved. The overall data processing is shown in fig. 1.
Lossless compression coding processing Unit the data processing procedure of which is shown in FIG. 2, first divides an input frame of video data into a plurality of sub-pictures (equal width and equal height) in equal proportion, each sub-picture (each being an independent data path which is specially processed, each line of pixels of each sub-picture being divided into the same amount of pixel data, which are processed separately, and the processing being performed based on a YCoCg gamut space if RGB or YCbCr data is input, it is first converted into pixel data in a YCoCg format, and then pixels are reconstructed using pixel prediction data or using a color history lookup table, based on the Huffman coding principle in entropy coding, it is determined whether to reconstruct the pixels using pixel prediction or history lookup table by variable length coding Writing into independent balanced cache, and writing corresponding size into corresponding grammar unit size cache. After a certain processing time delay, the sub-data streams are reselected according to a certain sequence and rule to form new sub-coded bit data streams, and the new sub-coded bit data streams are written into each independent rate buffer. Each independent rate buffer is read out in turn to form the whole video lossless compression coding bit stream output.
The data processing procedure of the lossless compression/decoding processing unit is shown in fig. 3, and can be regarded as the reverse processing of the lossless compression/encoding processing unit. The input lossless compression-encoded bit stream is divided into a number of independent sub-bit streams according to a set order and rule, and written into each independent rate buffer. The independent sub-data streams are sequentially decomposed, read from the rate cache and processed, and fed back to the entropy decoding module. The entropy decoding module decides a redundancy value that is a prediction mode. Based on the received syntax elements, the redundancy value is either a prediction mode output or a historical query. The reconstructed pixels are converted back to RGB or YCbCr format based on the YCoCg format and then sent to the corresponding display location of each individual processing unit, and then a full display frame data is formed and sent to the display terminal.
Specifically, the lossless compression coding processing unit comprises an image region dividing unit, an RGB conversion YCoCg unit, a data prediction reconstruction unit, a data buffer unit, an entropy coding unit, a balance buffer unit, a sub-data bit stream selector, a ratio buffer unit and a sub-picture coding bit stream coding selector.
The image area dividing unit is mainly used for dividing one frame of image into sub-pictures with the same size, the width and the height of each sub-picture are the same, and the proper number of the sub-pictures is selected according to the relation between a video processing clock in actual design, a lossless compression processing clock and a compression ratio, wherein the number of the sub-pictures is 2,4 and 8.
RGB to YCoCg unit: in the lossless compression prediction reconstruction and entropy coding part, processing is done under the YCoCg gamut space, so conversion to the YCoCg gamut space is required regardless of whether the input is RGB or YCbCr (444,422). The specific conversion formula is as follows:
Co = R-B + (1<<bpc)
Cg = G-(B+(R-B)>>1)+(1<<bpc)
Y= (B+(R-B)>>1) +(G-(B+(R-B)>>1))>>1
as shown in fig. 4, the data prediction reconstruction unit: the data prediction reconstruction unit adopts a quantization redundancy value, a prediction value and a color history table look-up index are used for reconstructing a pixel value, because the prediction needs to be performed on a reconstructed pixel from a previous line, a buffer with the length of one line is needed for storing the reconstructed pixel of one line, and the currently processed reconstructed pixel is written into the buffer to be used as reference data of a next line.
The color history look-up table obtains corresponding reference data through the index of the color history. According to the specification of the VESA DSC, the DSC builds and maintains a 32-pixel history lookup table, and if the history lookup index is used to reconstruct the current pixel, the corresponding color history index is used as the reconstructed sequence of the current line, and the history color index needs to be updated again after the current group is processed.
A data caching unit: the data buffer unit is required to buffer the reconstructed pixels of the current line in the buffer space of one line when the pixel prediction mode is selected when reconstructing the pixels, and to make prediction reference for the pixel reconstruction of the next line.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the entropy encoding unit: the entropy coding unit mainly adopts the Variable Length Coding (VLC) technology to code the data groups with the same size. For example, a 3-pixel data set is encoded (note that if the data format is 444, each set has three elements Y, Co, Cg for predictive encoding, respectively, and if 420, six elements Ye, Yo, Coo, Coe, Cgo, Cge for predictive encoding, and if 422, four elements Ye, Yo, Co, Cg for predictive encoding). The variable length coding unit mainly uses the quantization redundancy value, and determines the maximum bit data of the current element by a ratio control algorithm, thereby coding. The size of each element is determined by predicting the QP value. And each group is encoded by means of a predictor or a color history look-up table. And a cost control function for the redundancy value determines whether to use the current processing set by way of a predictor or a color history look-up table. The basic principle is which one uses the smallest number of bits to encode and which one. The variable length coding unit sends out the coded bit value and the number of the corresponding value as a result, thereby achieving the purpose of coding.
And a balanced cache unit: the encoded bit values are stored, along with the lengths of the corresponding values.
Sub-data bit stream selector unit: and combining the sub-pictures into a bit data stream in sequence according to the time sequence order of each element of the sub-pictures.
A ratio buffer unit: the rate buffer control unit, the main purpose is to maintain a fixed bit rate per group, per sprite, per frame, while guaranteeing picture quality, by adjusting the value of QP. When a group of pixels is encoded, the encoder adds a certain number of bits to the group being encoded to keep the rate buffer full. At the beginning of each sprite, the encoder rapidly rates the number of bits in the buffer, and then begins sending out the compressed bit stream. With respect to the operation of QP, low values of QP are used for relatively flat data (i.e., data of comparable size), while high values of QP are used in areas where the data varies significantly, and the allocation of bits is not constant from row to row in order to maintain the quality of the data.
Sub-picture coded bitstream code selector unit: and combining the coded bit streams into a whole frame according to the image position sequence of each sub-picture.
The lossless compression decoding processing unit comprises an image area reconstruction unit, a YCoCg to RGB conversion unit, a data prediction reconstruction unit, a data buffer unit, an entropy decoding unit, an equalization buffer unit, a sub-data bit stream selector, a ratio buffer unit and a sub-picture decoding bit stream decoding selector. The lossless compression/decoding processing unit performs a processing in a manner opposite to that of encoding. And will not be described herein in a comprehensive manner.
The invention can be used for an ultra-high definition HDMI2.0 seamless switcher, as shown in FIG. 7, the ultra-high definition HDMI2.0 seamless switcher is a four-in four-out device, supports HDMI2.0 audio/video input and output, seamlessly switches a matrix chip, the highest channel of each channel can reach 18Gbps, an embedded HMI2.0 RX/TX physical interface, a controller, a physical interface controller of DDR3, an internal bus set and other video processing such as image amplification, image reduction, factory menu, preview, image splicing and segmentation, multi-view of images, image matting, character walking and the like, and an embedded MCU unit is used for controlling and processing each function, time sequence and the like of the images. In the chip, because 4 in and 4 out are carried out, eight paths of 4K @60Hz ultrahigh-definition transmission are counted, the total bandwidth reaches 12GB/s, and the actual throughput adopting the 32-bit width does not bring 5GB/s, in order to achieve the seamless switching of 4 in and 4 out, under the condition of supporting 4K @60 input and output, part of channels need to be subjected to lossless compression, so that the bandwidth saving effect is achieved. In the design, each channel is provided with a lossless compression coding module, after compression coding, the channel is written into DDR3, and then after reading from DDR3, the channel is returned to VESA video format through the lossless compression decoding module. The highest proportion of lossless compression is 4:1, so that the method completely meets the application requirement of an actual chip and solves the problem of bandwidth.
As shown in fig. 8, the audio/video input unit of the HDMI2.0 seamless switch includes 2 sub-modules, an image reduction module and a lossless compression coding module, where the two modules obtain the same video data from the HDMI RX controller, respectively reduce the video data to a required image size, compress the video data to a specified bit stream, and respectively write the video data to the DDR3 through the AXI bus. Of course, each module may be cut through and then written directly to the DDR 3.
As shown in fig. 9, in the audio/video output unit of the HDMI2.0 seamless switch, as required, the video data written in the lossless compression path and the video data written in the reduction module path are respectively read from the DDR3, the data in the lossless compression path enters the lossless compression decoding module and is restored to the video format, and the video data in the reduction module path is read and is respectively sent to the video processing module for processing various videos as required.
As shown in fig. 10, in the current application, the data of the video, whether compressed or original, can be written into the DDR3 through the NIC bus by using the AXI line in the DDR3 and NIC data bus unit of the ultra high definition HDMI2.0 seamless switch. And can be read for processing and various processing.
In the application of the actual chip design, the bandwidth of 4 input ultra-high-definition chips is about 6GB/s, the bandwidth of 4 output ultra-high-definition chips is about 6GB/s in general, and the total bandwidth is 12 GB/s. The bit width of DDR3 with the bit width of 32 bits and the bit width of 1600 rates is 4.8GB/s according to 75% effective utilization rate, and if the bit width is 64 bits, the bandwidth is 9.6 GB/s. By adopting the lossless compression coding and decoding technology of the invention, the data bandwidth is reduced to 1/4 under the condition of the same speed, and the speed of DDR3 can be reduced, so that simpler and lower-power-consumption chips can be achieved in the aspects of design complexity and power consumption, and a more reliable technology is provided.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (6)
1. A method of lossless processing of video data, comprising the steps of:
step 1, acquiring a non-compressed ultrahigh-definition video signal output by a video source;
step 2, extracting each frame of video data from the uncompressed ultrahigh-definition video signal according to the sequence of each frame when the uncompressed ultrahigh-definition video signal is obtained in the step 1, and then dividing each frame of video data into a plurality of sub-pictures respectively according to equal proportion;
step 3, dividing each line of pixels in each sub-picture obtained in the step 2 into the same amount of pixel data, and converting each pixel data divided by each sub-picture into pixel data in a YCoCg format;
step 4, based on the Huffman coding principle in entropy coding, adopting a variable length coding method, and respectively performing compression coding on each YCoCg format pixel data obtained in the step 3 through a prediction factor or a color history look-up table to obtain a corresponding sub-data stream so as to reconstruct a pixel;
during compression coding, independent syntax units are respectively built for Y, Co and Cg of each YCoCg format pixel data, each syntax unit respectively comprises a quantization redundancy value based on prediction reconstruction and an index of a color history lookup table, the maximum bit number of the current data is determined through a ratio control algorithm based on the quantization redundancy value, and the size of the current data is determined through a prediction QP value; judging the bit number of the compressed encoding data obtained when the prediction factor and the color history lookup table are used for encoding, and performing compressed encoding by using one of the prediction factor and the color history lookup table with a small bit number to reconstruct pixels;
and 5, combining the sub data streams obtained in the step 4 to further obtain a lossless compression coded bit data stream corresponding to the uncompressed ultrahigh-definition video signal.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2, each frame of video data is divided into a plurality of sub-pictures of the same size based on the clock frequency of each frame of video data, the clock frequency and the processing rate of the subsequent entropy coding, and the specific number of the sub-pictures is determined according to the compression ratio of the subsequent entropy coding.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein when performing pixel reconstruction based on the prediction factor in step 4, the current reconstructed pixel data is used as prediction reference data for subsequent pixel data reconstruction.
4. A lossless processing method for video data as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in the step 4, when performing pixel reconstruction based on the index of the color history lookup table, if the color history lookup index is used to reconstruct the current pixel, the corresponding color history index is used as the reconstructed pixel data of the current line, and the color history color index needs to be updated again after the current group is processed.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein in step 5, the sub-data streams obtained in step 4 are combined according to the division manner of the sub-pictures of each frame of video data, the division manner of the pixels in each line of each sub-picture, and the sequence of each frame of video data, so as to obtain the lossless compression-encoded bit stream corresponding to the uncompressed ultra-high-definition video signal.
6. A method for lossless processing of video data according to claim 1, further comprising a decoding process for the lossless compression-encoded bit stream obtained in step 5.
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| CN115442347A (en) * | 2022-11-09 | 2022-12-06 | 合肥云联半导体有限公司 | Automatic driving audio and video lossless transmission method and system |
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